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Madsen CK, Brearley CA, Harholt J, Brinch-Pedersen H. Optimized barley phytase gene expression by focused FIND-IT screening for mutations in cis-acting regulatory elements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1372049. [PMID: 38495373 PMCID: PMC10940425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1372049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Induced modification of plant gene expression is of both fundamental and applied importance. Cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) are major determinants of the spatiotemporal strength of gene expression. Yet, there are few examples where induced genetic variation in predetermined CREs has been exploited to improve or investigate crop plants. Methods The digital PCR based FIND-IT technology was applied to discover barley mutants with CRE variants in the promoter of the nutritional important barley grain phytase (PAPhy_a) gene. Results and discussion Mutants with higher or lower gene expression and ultimately higher or lower mature grain phytase activity (MGPA), respectively, were discovered. Field trials and inositol phosphate profiling during germination showed that PAPhy_a does not influence agronomic performance under the trial conditions but it does shorten the lag time of phosphate mobilization during germination. Higher endogenous MGPA is an improvement of grain quality for feed use as it improves the phosphate bioavailability for monogastric animals. Moreover, as the targeted CRE motifs of the PAPhy_a promoter are shared with a range of seed expressed genes like key cereal and legume storage genes, the current results demonstrates a concept for modulating individual gene expression levels of a range of seed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Alistair Brearley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Harholt
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J. C. Jacobsens Gade 4, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen F, Yang L, Zhe L, Jlali M, Zhuo Y, Jiang X, Huang L, Wu F, Zhang R, Xu S, Lin Y, Che L, Feng B, Wu D, Preynat A, Fang Z. Supplementation of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex in Diets Regardless of Nutritional Levels, Improved Nutrients Digestibility, Growth Performance, and Bone Mineralization of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091557. [PMID: 37174594 PMCID: PMC10177175 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-enzyme (multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex, MCPC) supplementation on digestibility, growth performance, bone mineralization, and carcass yield and traits in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with adequate or deficient net energy (NE), amino acids (AA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. A total of 576 crossbred [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] barrows (~25 kg) were fed one of the six diets till live weight approached 130 kg. Basal diets included a positive control (PC), negative control 1 (NC1) and 2 (NC2), while another three diets were prepared by adding MCPC to the three basal diets. The final body weight was lower (p < 0.05) in NC2 than in NC1 and PC treatments, while overall feed intake and feed-gain ratio were higher (p < 0.05) in NC1 and NC2 than in PC treatment. The NC2 treatment showed lower (p < 0.05) carcass weight but higher (p < 0.05) lean meat percentage than the PC treatment. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and AA was decreased (p < 0.05) or tended (p < 0.10) to decrease in NC1 and/or NC2 diets compared with a PC diet. MCPC supplementation improved (p < 0.05) AID of Ca, P and AA (Lys, Leu, Val, Phe, Gly, Tyr and Pro), apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, CP, bone strength, Ca, and P retention. In conclusion, MCPC supplementation improved nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and growth performance of fattening pigs, regardless of the nutritional level of the basal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lunxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhe
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Maamer Jlali
- Adisseo France SAS, Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, F-03600 Commentry, France
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Aurélie Preynat
- Adisseo France SAS, Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, F-03600 Commentry, France
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Alhomodi AF, Berhow M, Gibbons WR, Monono E, Karki B. Meal nutritional characteristics and oil profile of sprouted, dehulled, and solvent-extracted canola. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4410-4418. [PMID: 35077584 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canola meal has limited utilization in feed and food applications because of the presence of antinutritional factors and a high fiber content. Thus, the present study used 3-day canola seed sprouting followed by hull removal to improve the nutritional quality of canola as a feed and food ingredient to further enhance and diversify the canola market. RESULTS Seed sprouting and the hull removal process resulted in 63.2% sprouts, 29.3% mix fractions (MF) (hulls, ungerminated seed, and delayed sprouts) and 8.1% mass loss during sprouting. Fresh sprouts and MF were dried, ground and defatted to compare the obtained meals and oils with their counterparts of raw seed. Defatted sprouts (DFSP) resulted in a 46.2% reduction in crude fiber, a 34.3% reduction in acid detergent fiber and a 43.4% reduction in neutral detergent fiber compared to defatted raw seed (DFSE). DFSP provided a 10.1% higher protein content and a 5.9% increase in total amino acid content with higher essential amino acids compared to DFSE. Total carbohydrate was lowered by 5.5%, phytic acid content was lowered by 25.9%, and ash content was lowered by 5.5% in DFSP, whereas total glucosinolate content was higher in DFSP (13.1 μmol g-1 ) than in DFSE (8.8 μmol g-1 ). Sprouts and MF showed an oil content of 38.4% and 9.6%, respectively, compared to raw seed (34.5%). CONCLUSION Sprouting and hull removal of canola seed can potentially provide nutritive meal for food and feed applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F Alhomodi
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Mark Berhow
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - William R Gibbons
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Ewumbua Monono
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Bishnu Karki
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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Elliott H, Woods P, Green BD, Nugent AP. Can sprouting reduce phytate and improve the nutritional composition and nutrient bioaccessibility in cereals and legumes? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:138-156. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elliott
- Linwoods Health Foods Co. Armagh UK
- School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis UK
| | | | - Brian D. Green
- School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis UK
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis UK
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Institute of Food and Health University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Ezzati Lotfabadi Z, Weisany W, Abdul-Razzak Tahir N, Mohammadi Torkashvand A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species improve the fatty acids profile and nutrients status of soybean cultivars grown under drought stress. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2177-2188. [PMID: 34651381 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on the absorption and distribution of mineral nutrients in soybean cultivars under drought stress, an experiment was carried out through a factorial method in the form of randomized complete blocks with six replicates in 2020. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental factors include: drought stress at three irrigation levels (well-watered [WW], medium stress [MS] and severe stress [SS], i.e., 100%, 70% and 40% FC), soybean cultivars at two levels (Sepideh and Williams), and mycorrhizae application at four levels (nonapplication, Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus hoi, Rhizophagus intraradices). The results indicated that drought stress increased the concentration of grain potassium (K) and sodium (Na), leaf K, stem and leaf Na, and decreased the concentrations of grain phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), leaf P, stem and leaf Cu, and manganese (Mn). In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of concentrations of grain K. The highest reduction was observed under SS conditions (40% FC). G. hoi colonization increased the concentrations of grain P and Zn, leaf K and Cu and stem Mn under SS conditions (40% FC). In addition, compared to Sepideh cv., Williams cv. showed higher stress resistance. Seed oil content decreased in the plants exposed to drought stress. Severe drought treatments have a deleterious effect on seed fatty acid composition, resulting in enhanced linoleic, oleic and linolenic acids. CONCLUSION AMF colonization is a useful tool for improving the plant nutrient uptake, fatty acid profile, efficiency of resource utilization and stabilizing yield, hence reducing the production risks of crops grown under drought stress conditions. It was concluded that AMF colonization should be employed to help alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY AMF colonization is an effective biotechnological strategy that can alter nutrient uptake and fatty acid composition and enhance oil quality in soybean cultivars under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ezzati Lotfabadi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Weria Weisany
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nawroz Abdul-Razzak Tahir
- Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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El-Mahis A, Baky MH, Farag MA. How Does Rye Compare to other Cereals? A Comprehensive Review of its Potential Nutritional Value and Better Opportunities for its Processing as a Food-Based Cereal. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2023817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira El-Mahis
- Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H. Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, the American University in Cairo, Egypt
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Su C, Ge X, Zhang B, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Feng D, Zhao J, Li W, Yan W. The protein properties of germinated naked barley with infrared and hot air‐drying and its noodle‐making potential. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Xiangzhen Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Duo Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
| | - Jiangyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods Beijing Union University Beijing 100023 China
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Fukushima A, Uchino G, Akabane T, Aiseki A, Perera I, Hirotsu N. Phytic Acid in Brown Rice Can Be Reduced by Increasing Soaking Temperature. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010023. [PMID: 33374851 PMCID: PMC7824421 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a storage form of phosphorus in seeds. Phytase enzyme is activated at germination and hydrolyses PA into myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate. PA inhibits the absorption of minerals in the human intestine by chelation. Its degradation, therefore, is a key factor to improve mineral bioavailability in rice. Germinated brown rice (GBR) is favoured because it improves the availability of nutrients, and thus have a positive effect on health. In this study, we show the effects of soaking temperature on phytase activity and PA content in GBR. Rice phytase showed thermostability and its activity peaked at 50 °C. After 36 h of soaking, phytase activity was significantly increased at 50 °C and PA content was significantly decreased, compared to that at 30 °C. Zinc (Zn) analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in Zn content among different temperature treatments. Calculated total daily absorbed Zn (TAZ) was significantly higher in GBR compared with non-soaked seeds. Moreover, brown rice grains germinated at 50 °C showed a higher TAZ value than that at 30 °C. Seed germination and seed water soaking at high temperatures reduce PA content in brown rice showing a potentially effective way to improve mineral bioavailability in brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Fukushima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (A.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Gun Uchino
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (G.U.); (A.A.)
| | - Tatsuki Akabane
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (A.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Ayaka Aiseki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (G.U.); (A.A.)
| | - Ishara Perera
- Grain Legume and Oil Crops Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Angunakolapelessa 82220, Sri Lanka;
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (A.F.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (G.U.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-276-82-9027
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10
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Madsen CK, Brinch-Pedersen H. Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207519. [PMID: 33053867 PMCID: PMC7589363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate and phytases in seeds are the subjects of numerous studies, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Most of these studies concern the anti-nutritional properties of phytate, and the prospect of alleviating the effects of phytate with phytase. As reasonable as this may be, it has led to a fragmentation of knowledge, which hampers the appreciation of the physiological system at hand. In this review, we integrate the existing knowledge on the chemistry and biosynthesis of phytate, the globoid cellular structure, and recent advances on plant phytases. We highlight that these components make up a system that serves to store and-in due time-release the seed's reserves of the mineral nutrients phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, and others, as well as inositol and protein. The central component of the system, the phytate anion, is inherently rich in phosphorous and inositol. The chemical properties of phytate enable it to sequester additional cationic nutrients. Compartmentalization and membrane transport processes regulate the buildup of phytate and its associated nutrients, resulting in globoid storage structures. We suggest, based on the current evidence, that the degradation of the globoid and the mobilization of the nutrients also depend on membrane transport processes, as well as the enzymatic action of phytase.
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Pakfetrat S, Amiri S, Radi M, Abedi E, Torri L. The influence of green tea extract as the steeping solution on nutritional and microbial characteristics of germinated wheat. Food Chem 2020; 332:127288. [PMID: 32619935 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of green tea extract at 10 (GWG1%) and 50 (GWG5%) g/L as the steeping solution on the chemical, nutritional, and microbial quality of wheat grain during 14 days of germination. Fat, dry matter, and ash contents in the control was higher than GWG treatments due to the faster growth of control germs. Moisture, phenolic compounds, thiamin, niacin, and tocopherols decreased, whereas, fat, dry matter, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber, ash, folic acid, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn increased significantly in all samples during germination. GWG5% showed the highest values in total phenols, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrate, followed by GWG1% and then the control. No significant differences in protein and crude fiber content were detected among treatments. GWG decreased the growth of total bacterial, yeast, and mold in germinated seeds. Overall, GWG improved the microbial and nutritional quality of wheat germ during 14 days of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pakfetrat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Radi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.
| | - Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Luisa Torri
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12042 Pollenzo-Bra, Italy.
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Pakfetrat S, Amiri S, Radi M, Abedi E, Torri L. Reduction of phytic acid, aflatoxins and other mycotoxins in wheat during germination. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4695-4701. [PMID: 30908628 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grains are susceptible to infection by various toxigenic fungal species that produce toxic metabolites called mycotoxins. This makes wheat one of the most important daily dietary sources of mycotoxins for consumers. As germination is popularly used to improve the nutritional quality of grains, the present study was carried out to understand its effect on the toxin content of wheat seeds. For this purpose, wheat grains were spiked with ochratoxin A (OTA; 5 μg kg-1 ), aflatoxins B2 and G2 (5 μg kg-1 ), zearalenone (ZEA; 20 μg kg-1 ), aflatoxins B1 and G1 (20 μg kg-1 ) and deoxynivalenol (DON; 50 μg kg-1 ) in separate experiments. Thereafter, the grains were germinated and analyzed for toxin content during 14 days of germination using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. RESULTS ZEA content did not change significantly until 14 days. The maximum reductions of DON, OTA and aflatoxins at days 10-14 of germination were 39, 38, 41 (B1), 60 (B2), 33 (G1) and 62% (G2) respectively. A 63% reduction of phytic acid at 14 days was observed, according to Fe2+ bioavailability. For all toxins (except ZEA), there were no significant differences in reduction after day 10. CONCLUSION Germination for 10 days might be sufficient to achieve an appropriate decrease in toxin content. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pakfetrat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Radi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | - Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Luisa Torri
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Bra, Italy
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Yu ZL, Liu R. Effect of electrolyzed water on enzyme activities of triticale malt during germination. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1495-1501. [PMID: 30956329 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Triticale malt can be used as a source of enzymes or as a raw material for the production of functional foods. In this study, triticale malt was produced by soaking triticale seeds either in tap water (TW) or slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and then rinsing with TW, SAEW, or alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW). We determined the length of the hypocotyl of triticale malt and the activities of α-amylase, phytase, proteases, and lipase during 4 days of germination. The electrolyzed water (EW) treatments promoted the growth of triticale malt. On the 4th day of germination, the hypocotyl length of triticale malt soaked in TW and watered with SAEW was 24.57% longer than that of triticale malt soaked and watered with TW. The α-amylase, phytase, acidic protease, and lipase activities of triticale malt soaked in SAEW and watered with AEW were high on the 4th germination day (0.11, 1.24 × 10-4, 0.62, and 0.51 units/mg protein, respectively). The main finding of this study is that the use of EW, especially during the soaking procedure, may be a promising way to obtain triticale malt with high enzyme activity for use in the production of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Long Yu
- 1Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 118 The Yellow River Avenue, Yanhu, Yuncheng, 044000 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- 2Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, No. 1155 Fudan West Street, Yanhu, Yuncheng, 044000 People's Republic of China
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Lee LY, Mitchell AE. Determination of d-myo-inositol phosphates in 'activated' raw almonds using anion-exchange chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:117-123. [PMID: 29808577 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated almonds are raw almonds that have been soaked in water for 12-24 h at room temperature, sometimes followed by a 24 h drying period at low temperature (50 ± 5 °C). This treatment is thought to enhance the nutrient bioavailability of almonds by degrading nutrient inhibitors, such as phytic acid or d-myo-inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 ), through the release of phytase or passive diffusion of InsP6 into the soaking water. Over a wide pH range, InsP6 is a negatively charged compound that limits the absorption of essential nutrients by forming insoluble complexes with minerals such as iron and zinc. It is hypothesized that hydrating the seed during soaking triggers InsP6 degradation into lower myo-inositol phosphates with less binding capacity. RESULTS Anion-exchange chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify myo-inositol mono-, di-, tris-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaphosphates (InsP1-6 ) in raw pasteurized activated almonds. At least 24 h of soaking at ambient temperature was required to reduce InsP6 content from 14.71 to 14.01 µmol g-1 . CONCLUSIONS The reduction in InsP6 is statistically significant (P < 0.05) after 24 h of activation, but only represents a 4.75% decrease from the unsoaked almonds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna Y Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alyson E Mitchell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Lemmens E, Moroni AV, Pagand J, Heirbaut P, Ritala A, Karlen Y, Lê KA, Van den Broeck HC, Brouns FJPH, De Brier N, Delcour JA. Impact of Cereal Seed Sprouting on Its Nutritional and Technological Properties: A Critical Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:305-328. [PMID: 33337026 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sprouting induces activation and de novo synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that make nutrients available for plant growth and development. Consumption of sprouted grains is suggested to be beneficial for human health. Positive consumer perceptions about sprouted cereals have resulted in new food and beverage product launches. However, because there is no generally accepted definition of "sprouting," it is unclear when grains are to be called sprouted. Moreover, guidelines about how much sprouted grain material food products should contain to exert health benefits are currently lacking. Accordingly, there is no regulatory base to develop appropriate food labeling for "sprouted foods." This review describes the nutritional and technological properties of sprouted grains in relation to processing conditions and provides guidelines to optimize sprouting practices in order to maximize nutritive value. Relatively long sprouting times (3 to 5 days) and/or high processing temperatures (25 to 35 °C) are needed to maximize the de novo synthesis and/or release of plant bioactive compounds. Nutrient compositional changes resulting from sprouting are often associated with health benefits. However, supportive data from clinical studies are very scarce, and at present it is impossible to draw any conclusion on health benefits of sprouted cereals. Finally, grains sprouted under the above-mentioned conditions are generally unfit for use in traditional food processing and it is challenging to use sprouted grains as ingredients without compromising their nutrient content. The present review provides a basis for better defining what "sprouting" is, and to help further research and development efforts in this field as well as future food regulations development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice V Moroni
- Nestlé Research Centre, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Pagand
- Puratos Group, Industrialaan 25, B-1702, Groot-Bijgaarden, Belgium
| | - Pieter Heirbaut
- Puratos Group, Industrialaan 25, B-1702, Groot-Bijgaarden, Belgium
| | - Anneli Ritala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 3, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yann Karlen
- Nestlé Research Centre, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim-Anne Lê
- Nestlé Research Centre, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hetty C Van den Broeck
- Wageningen Univ. & Research, Business unit Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred J P H Brouns
- Dept. of Human Biology School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht Univ., Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels De Brier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Extracellular Secretion of Phytase from Transgenic Wheat Roots Allows Utilization of Phytate for Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 59:334-342. [PMID: 28667571 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A significant portion of organic phosphorus comprises of phytates which are not available to wheat for uptake. Hence for enabling wheat to utilize organic phosphorus in form of phytate, transgenic wheat expressing phytase from Aspergillus japonicus under barley root-specific promoter was developed. Transgenic events were initially screened via selection media containing BASTA, followed by PCR and BASTA leaf paint assay after hardening. Out of 138 successfully regenerated To events, only 12 had complete constructs and thus further analyzed. Positive T1 transgenic plants, grown in sand, exhibited 0.08-1.77, 0.02-0.67 and 0.44-2.14 fold increase in phytase activity in root extracts, intact roots and external root solution, respectively, after 4 weeks of phosphorus stress. Based on these results, T2 generation of four best transgenic events was further analyzed which showed up to 1.32, 56.89, and 15.40 fold increase in phytase activity in root extracts, intact roots and external root solution, respectively, while in case of real-time PCR, maximum fold increase of 19.8 in gene expression was observed. Transgenic lines showed 0.01-1.18 fold increase in phosphorus efficiency along with higher phosphorus content when supplied phytate or inorganic phosphorus than control plants. Thus, this transgenic wheat may aid in reducing fertilizer utilization and enhancing wheat yield.
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17
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Gu EJ, Kim DW, Jang GJ, Song SH, Lee JI, Lee SB, Kim BM, Cho Y, Lee HJ, Kim HJ. Mass-based metabolomic analysis of soybean sprouts during germination. Food Chem 2017; 217:311-319. [PMID: 27664639 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the metabolite profile of soybean sprouts at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4days after germination using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) to understand the relationship between germination and nutritional quality. Data were analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and sprout samples were separated successfully using their PLS-DA scores. Fifty-eight metabolites, including macromolecular derivatives related to energy production, amino acids, myo-inositol metabolites, phytosterols, antioxidants, isoflavones, and soyasaponins, contributed to the separation. Amino acids, myo-inositol metabolites, isoflavone aglycones, B soyasaponins, antioxidants, and phytosterols, associated with health benefits and/or taste quality, increased with germination time while isoflavone glycosides and DDMP soyasaponins decreased. Based on these metabolites, the metabolomic pathway associated with energy production in soybean sprouts is suggested. Our data suggest that sprouting is a useful processing step to improve soybean nutritional quality, and metabolomic analysis is useful in understanding nutritional change during sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Gu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ju Jang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwa Song
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-In Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongrae Cho
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Suen PK, Zhang S, Sun SSM. Molecular characterization of a tomato purple acid phosphatase during seed germination and seedling growth under phosphate stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:981-992. [PMID: 25656565 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
SlPAP1 is a phosphate starvation responsive purple acid phosphatase during tomato seed germination. Future research on its family members in tomato might improve the phosphate stress tolerance. Phosphate deficiency is a major constraint upon crop growth and yield. In response to phosphate deficiency, plants secrete acid phosphatases (APases) to scavenge organic phosphate from soil. In this study, we investigated the impact of Pi starvation on germination and seedling growth of tomato, and we then cloned and characterized a phosphate starvation responsive purple APase (SlPAP1) that expressed during tomato seedling growth. Our results showed that phosphate deficiency reduced germination and growth rates of tomato, and also increased intracellular and secretory APase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. An in-gel activity assay found that two APases of 50 and 75 kDa were secreted during conditions of phosphate deficiency. SlPAP1 is a single copy gene belonging to a small gene family. It was expressed as a cDNA of approximately 1.5 kbp encoding a secreted glycoprotein of 470 amino acids. Northern blot analysis showed that SlPAP1 was specifically expressed in root tissue during phosphate deficiency. SlPAP1 had high sequence identity (56-89%) with other plant PAPs and contained highly conserved metal-binding residues. SlPAP1 is the first PAP to be cloned and characterized from tomato. This study provides useful information for future research on PAP family members in tomato, leading to better understanding of phosphate deficiency in this important crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Kit Suen
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agriculture Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,
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19
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Shastak Y, Zeller E, Witzig M, Schollenberger M, Rodehutscord M. Effects of the composition of the basal diet on the evaluation of mineral phosphorus sources and interactions with phytate hydrolysis in broilers. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2548-59. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Influence of germination and extrusion with CO2 injection on physicochemical properties of wheat extrudates. Food Chem 2014; 143:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Taylor JRN, Dlamini BC, Kruger J. 125thAnniversary Review: The science of the tropical cereals sorghum, maize and rice in relation to lager beer brewing. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. N. Taylor
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being and Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X20; Hatfield; 0028; South Africa
| | - Bhekisisa C. Dlamini
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being and Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X20; Hatfield; 0028; South Africa
| | - Johanita Kruger
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being and Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X20; Hatfield; 0028; South Africa
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22
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Hübner F, Arendt EK. Germination of Cereal Grains as a Way to Improve the Nutritional Value: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:853-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.562060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Woyengo TA, Nyachoti CM. Review: Supplementation of phytase and carbohydrases to diets for poultry. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Woyengo, T. A. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2011. Review: Supplementation of phytase and carbohydrases to diets for poultry. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 177–192. Feedstuffs of plant origin contain anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid (PA) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which limit nutrient utilization in poultry. Phytic acid contains phosphorus, which is poorly digested by poultry, and has the capacity to bind to and reduce the utilisation of other nutrients, whereas NSP are indigestible and have the capacity to reduce nutrient utilisation by encapsulation. Supplemental phytase and NSP-degrading enzymes (carbohydrases) can, respectively, hydrolyze PA and NSP, alleviating the negative effects of these anti-nutritional factors. In feedstuffs of plant origin, PA is located within the cells, whereas NSP are located in cell walls, and hence it has been hypothesized that phytase and carbohydrases can act synergistically in improving nutrient utilization because the carbohydrases can hydrolyze the NSP in cell walls to increase the accessibility of phytase to PA. However, the response to supplementation of a combination of these enzymes is variable and dependent on several factors, including the type of carbohydrase supplement used, dietary NSP composition, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus contents, and endogenous phytase activity. These factors are discussed, and areas that need further research for optimising the use of a combination of phytase and carbohydrases in poultry diets are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - C. M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Dai F, Qiu L, Ye L, Wu D, Zhou M, Zhang G. Identification of a phytase gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLoS One 2011; 6:e18829. [PMID: 21533044 PMCID: PMC3080886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous phytase plays a crucial role in phytate degradation and is thus closely related to nutrient efficiency in barley products. The understanding of genetic information of phytase in barley can provide a useful tool for breeding new barley varieties with high phytase activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytase activity was conducted using a doubled haploid population. Phytase protein was purified and identified by the LC-ESI MS/MS Shotgun method. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene was sequenced and the position was compared with the QTL controlling phytase activity. A major QTL for phytase activity was mapped to chromosome 5 H in barley. The gene controlling phytase activity in the region was named as mqPhy. The gene HvPAP a was mapped to the same position as mqPhy, supporting the colinearity between HvPAP a and mqPhy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It is the first report on QTLs for phytase activity and the results showed that HvPAP a, which shares a same position with the QTL, is a major phytase gene in barley grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Moongngarm. Germination Time Dependence of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Germinated Rough Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2011.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Coulibaly A, Kouakou B, Chen J. Phytic Acid in Cereal Grains: Structure, Healthy or Harmful Ways to Reduce Phytic Acid in Cereal Grains and Their Effects on Nutritional Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpnft.2011.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Phytase activity in brown rice during steeping and sprouting. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2010; 48:598-603. [PMID: 23572793 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytase in brown rice will be activated and accumulated during seed germination. Changes of phytase activity in brown rice during two stages of germination (steeping and sprouting) affected by process conditions were studied. It was shown that steeping led to significant decrease of phytase activity (p < 0.01), varying with steeping temperature and steeping medium composition. Steeping respectively in demineralized water, 0.5 mM CaCl2 and 0.1 M H2O2 at 20 °C for 24 h led to the lowest phytase activity in brown rice, which was only 25% of that in raw rice. At steeping stage, steeping media had no significant effect. During the sprouting stage, phytase activity increased with prolonged time and gradually reached stable levels, and with higher temperature in the range of 15-25 °C. Phytase activity in brown rice reached 320-340 U kg-(1) after 5 d sprouting. The evolution pattern of phytase activity during sprouting differed with the solutes previously used during steeping. Steeping either with CaCl2 or H2O2 caused a delay followed by a rapid activation of phytase, while for control, a gradual accumulation of phytase activity was observed. Compared with acidic and alkaline steeping solutions, demineralized water at neutral (6.8) pH provided the best pre-treatment prior to sprouting at 25 °C, to activate maximum levels of phytase. Extreme conditions, either strong acidic or alkaline inhibited activation of phytase, and changed appearance of brown rice kernel as well.
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The influence of germination conditions on beta-glucan, dietary fibre and phytate during the germination of oats and barley. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: Food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S330-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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An optimised micro-titer plate method for characterisation of endogenous rye phytase under industrial rye bread making conditions. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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dos Prazeres JN, Ferreira CV, Aoyama H. Acid phosphatase activities during the germination of Glycine max seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2004; 42:15-20. [PMID: 15061079 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2003.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a study concerning the determination of some characteristics of soybean seedlings and the detection of acid phosphatase activities towards different substrates during the germination. Enzyme activities with p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) as substrates were detected from the 5th and 7th days after germination, respectively. Acid phosphatase activities with tyrosine phosphate (TyrP), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) were also observed but to a lesser extent. Under the same conditions, no enzyme activity was detected with phytic acid (PhyAc) as substrate. The appearance of phosphatase activity was coincident with the decrease of inorganic phosphate content during germination; over the same period, the protein content increased up to the 5th day, decreased until the 8th day, and remained constant after this period. Relative to phosphatase activity in the cotyledons, the activities detected in the hypocotyl and roots were 82% and 38%, respectively. During storage the enzyme maintained about 63% of its activity for 3 months at 5 degrees C. The specificity constant (Vmax/Km) values for pNPP and PPi were 212 and 64 mu kat mM-1 mg-1, respectively. Amongst the substrates tested, PPi could be a potential physiological substrate for acid phosphatase during the germination of soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Nicanuzia dos Prazeres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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