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Wise SA, Hosbas Coskun S, Hayes HV, Wilson WB, Murray JA, Lippert JA, Burdette CQ, Schantz MM, Murphy KE, Christopher SJ, Yu LL, Rimmer CA, Pasiakos SM, Kuszak AJ. Development of reference materials for dietary supplements-analytical challenges, use, limitations, and future needs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2025; 417:2439-2471. [PMID: 40087178 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-025-05787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
For two decades, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements have collaborated to develop dietary supplement-matrix reference materials. During the first decade, NIST developed over 20 botanical and non-botanical dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs®) using multiple analytical techniques to assign values for selected marker compounds and toxic elements. In the past decade, NIST has expanded the scope of materials available, and other producers of certified reference materials (CRMs) have joined to provide a limited number of additional materials. This review describes briefly the first decade in the development of CRMs for dietary supplements, primarily botanical dietary supplement ingredients (e.g., ginkgo, green tea, saw palmetto, St. Johns' wort, botanical oils, berries, and soy) and a popular multivitamin/multimineral (MVM) SRM. We discuss the analytical challenges in producing these materials and how these materials established a model for the next generation of CRMs. The second generation of dietary supplement CRMs/RMs, consisting primarily of botanical matrices, calibration solutions, and new and replacement MVM CRMs, is discussed in greater detail including improvements based on experiences from the first decade and potential future needs and developments in this emerging reference material research sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- IFC Contractor in Support of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Kelly Government Services Contractor in Support of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Hugh V Hayes
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Walter B Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jacolin A Murray
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - J Andreas Lippert
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, 84408, USA
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Michele M Schantz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Steven J Christopher
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
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Büyüktiryaki S, Yazıcı B, Ersöz A, Say R, Özkütük EB. Application of HRP-streptavidin bionanoparticles for potentiometric biotin determination. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:107993. [PMID: 34823072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biotin is widely used in infant formula to prevent biotin deficiency of newborn babies and in beauty products as nutritional supplements for coenzymatic functions and having strong nails, shiny hair, and skin over the last few years. There is a need for the development of a fast, simple and reusable assay method to perform biotin determination at very low concentrations. Biotin determination has achieved with a prepared potentiometric biotin sensor that has a very wide concentration range (10-15M-10-7M) and a lower detection limit (0.3 10-15M) with a very good regression coefficient (0.9925). A quick response (7 min), good accuracy (recovery 100.4-103.7%), reproducible, reusable (10 times), and long-term stability (3 months) have been obtained using the prepared potentiometric sensor. The obtained results have proved that the prepared potentiometric sensor can be used for biotin determination in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Büyüktiryaki
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, TR 26470, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Yazıcı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, TR 26480, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ersöz
- Bionkit Co Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, Eskisehir, TR 26470, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskisehir, TR 26470, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Say
- Bionkit Co Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, Eskisehir, TR 26470, Turkey
| | - Ebru Birlik Özkütük
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, TR 26480, Turkey
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Xu Y, Pan Y, Li L, Zhou M. Dually Labeled Biomolecules for Characterizing Biotinylated Species through Competitive Binding Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32591-32596. [PMID: 33376896 PMCID: PMC7758948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The capability of biotinylated molecules to bind streptavidin may be a more functional measure of the success of target biotinylation than titration of total bound biotins per molecule. It was demonstrated that the binding capability could be assessed by a competitive assay, in which a biotinylated antibody (BA) (or protein, ligand, receptor etc.) of interest competed with a reference antibody (or a protein) dually labeled with biotin and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) moieties for the binding sites of streptavidin coated on the surface of magnetic beads. Inversely related to the ECL signal, the binding capability of a biotinylated antibody can be reproducibly evaluated by multiple sets of easily acquired data series rather than by a single measurement. This method can be employed in an ordinary laboratory with an automated ECL analyzer or other readout instruments for routine characterization of any biotinylated species, such as proteins, ligands, receptors, and polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College
of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Pan
- Shenzhen
Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd., 1008 Songbai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lingnuo Li
- Accucise
Diagnostics Inc., Gaoxinqi
Industrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Shenzhen
Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd., 1008 Songbai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Accucise
Diagnostics Inc., Gaoxinqi
Industrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P. R. China
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Evolution of reference materials for the determination of organic nutrients in food and dietary supplements-a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:97-127. [PMID: 30506091 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For over 40 years, food-matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) have been available for determination of trace element content, and a wide variety of materials are available from most producers of CRMs. However, the availability of food-matrix CRMs for organic nutrients has been more limited. The European Commission (EC) Bureau Communautaire de Référence (BCR) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) introduced food-matrix CRMs with values assigned for vitamins and other organic nutrients such as fatty acids and carotenoids in the 1990s. The number of organic nutrients for which values were assigned has increased significantly in the past decade, and the approach and analytical methods used for assignment of the certified values have also evolved. Recently, dietary supplement-matrix CRMs such as multivitamin tablets with values assigned for vitamins and carotenoids, and fish and plant oils with values assigned for fatty acids have appeared. The development, evolution, and improvement of food- and dietary supplement-matrix CRMs for determination of vitamins, carotenoids, and fatty acids are described, with emphasis on CRMs made available in the past 10 years. Recent food and dietary supplement CRMs for the determination of organic nutrients include infant formula, multivitamin tablets, milk and egg powders, breakfast cereal, meat homogenate, blueberries, soy flour, fish and plant oils, dry cat food, and protein drink powder. Many of these food- and supplement-matrix CRMs have values assigned for over 80 organic and inorganic nutrients, toxic elements, proximates, and contaminants. The review provides a critical assessment of the challenges and evolving improvements in the production and the analytical methods used for value assignment of these CRMs. The current status and future needs for additional food- and dietary supplement-matrix CRMs for organic nutrients are also discussed. Graphical abstract Food Composition Triangle with currently-available food-matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) for the determination of organic nutrients positioned according to fat, protein, and carbohydrate composition.
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A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061484. [PMID: 29921801 PMCID: PMC6099991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients in the body; thus, they play important roles in human health. The chemicals are involved in many physiological functions and both their lack and excess can put health at risk. Therefore, the establishment of methods for monitoring vitamin concentrations in different matrices is necessary. In this review, an updated overview of the main pretreatments and determination methods that have been used since 2010 is given. Ultrasonic assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction are the most common pretreatment methods, while the determination methods involve chromatography methods, electrophoretic methods, microbiological assays, immunoassays, biosensors and several other methods. Different pretreatments and determination methods are discussed.
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Perry CA, West AA, Gayle A, Lucas LK, Yan J, Jiang X, Malysheva O, Caudill MA. Pregnancy and lactation alter biomarkers of biotin metabolism in women consuming a controlled diet. J Nutr 2014; 144:1977-84. [PMID: 25122647 PMCID: PMC4230210 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotin functions as a cofactor for several carboxylase enzymes with key roles in metabolism. At present, the dietary requirement for biotin is unknown and intake recommendations are provided as Adequate Intakes (AIs). The biotin AI for adults and pregnant women is 30 μg/d, whereas 35 μg/d is recommended for lactating women. However, pregnant and lactating women may require more biotin to meet the demands of these reproductive states. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to quantify the impact of reproductive state on biotin status response to a known dietary intake of biotin. METHODS To achieve this aim, we measured a panel of biotin biomarkers among pregnant (gestational week 27 at study entry; n = 26), lactating (postnatal week 5 at study entry; n = 28), and control (n = 21) women who participated in a 10- to 12-wk feeding study providing 57 μg of dietary biotin/d as part of a mixed diet. RESULTS Over the course of the study, pregnant women excreted 69% more (vs. control; P < 0.001) 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA), a metabolite that accumulates during the catabolism of leucine when the activity of biotin-dependent methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase is impaired. Interestingly, urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-carnitine (3-HIA-carnitine), a downstream metabolite of 3-HIA, was 27% lower (P = 0.05) among pregnant (vs. control) women, a finding that may arise from carnitine inadequacy during gestation. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in plasma biotin, urinary biotin, or urinary bisnorbiotin between pregnant and control women. Lactating women excreted 76% more (vs. control; P = 0.001) of the biotin catabolite bisnorbiotin, indicating that lactation accelerates biotin turnover and loss. Notably, with respect to control women, lactating women excreted 23% less (P = 0.04) urinary 3-HIA and 26% less (P = 0.05) urinary 3-HIA-carnitine, suggesting that lactation reduces leucine catabolism and that these metabolites may not be useful indicators of biotin status during lactation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data demonstrate significant alterations in markers of biotin metabolism during pregnancy and lactation and suggest that biotin intakes exceeding current recommendations are needed to meet the demands of these reproductive states. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydne A Perry
- Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV; and,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Allyson A West
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Antoinette Gayle
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lauren K Lucas
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Kergaravat SV, Gómez GA, Fabiano SN, Laube Chávez TI, Pividori MI, Hernández SR. Biotin determination in food supplements by an electrochemical magneto biosensor. Talanta 2012; 97:484-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Huh YY, Kang YP, Choi YS, Park JH, Kwon SW. Development of Analytical Method of Biotin in Complex Drugs and Dietary Supplements Using HPLC-UV. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2011. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2011.41.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Wise SA, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Porter BJ, Rimmer CA, Thomas JB, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Duewer DL, Atkinson R, Chen P, Goldschmidt R, Wolf WR, Ho IP, Betz JM. Certification of vitamins and carotenoids in SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets. Anal Chem 2010; 83:99-108. [PMID: 21128589 DOI: 10.1021/ac101953u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new multivitamin/multielement dietary supplement Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with certified and reference concentration values for 13 vitamins, 24 elements, and 2 carotenoids. The constituents have been measured by multiple analytical methods with data contributed by NIST and by collaborating laboratories. This effort included the first use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for value assignment of both fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs). Excellent agreement was obtained among the methods, with relative expanded uncertainties for the certified concentration values typically ranging from <2% to 15% for vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Sander
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8311, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, United States
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