1
|
Mudge EM, Brown PN, Rimmer CA, Phillips MM. Determination of Curcuminoids in Turmeric Dietary Supplements by HPLC-DAD: Multi-laboratory Study Through the NIH-ODS/NIST Quality Assurance Program. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:1625-1632. [PMID: 33247750 PMCID: PMC8174018 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Turmeric is a medicinal herb containing curcuminoids, used as quality markers in dietary supplements. In 2016, an AOAC First Action Official MethodSM was adopted for quantitation of curcuminoids and requires multi-laboratory reproducibility data for Final Action status. Objective To collect reproducibility data for the quantitation of curcuminoids in dietary supplements through the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements/National Institute of Standards and Technology Quality Assurance Program (QAP). Method Laboratories that participated in the QAP by following the Official Methods of AnalysisSM Method 2016.16, submitted data for ten turmeric products. The data were analyzed for mean, repeatability, and reproducibility standard deviations, repeatability, and reproducibility. Results The initial data collection resulted in insufficient replicates (five) for each test sample to determine reproducibility, therefore laboratories were provided additional materials resulting in an incremental data approach. For homogenous products, reproducibility for curcumin ranged from 3.4 to 10.3%, bisdemethoxycurcumin with reproducibility ranging from 6.4 to 14.8%, and demethoxycurcumin ranging from 5.6 to 9.9%. The method was unsuitable for the quantitation of curcuminoids in complex smoothie products, products containing microbeads, or tinctures based on interlaboratory variances. Recommendations were provided for future multi-laboratory studies performed through QAPs and incremental approaches. Conclusions Method 2016.16 is suitable for the quantitation of curcuminoids and should be adopted for Final Action status for single and multi-ingredient dietary supplements containing dried roots, dried powders/extracts in bulk material, capsules, and softgels. Highlights Reproducibility for Method 2016.16 was collected through a non-traditional incremental data multi-laboratory study. The method is suitable for quantitation of curcuminoids in most common dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Mudge
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Natural Health & Food Products Research, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paula N Brown
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Natural Health & Food Products Research, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Melissa M Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Marine organisms are vital sources of staple and functional food but are also the major dietary route of human exposure to total arsenic. We surveyed the total arsenic content and the mass fractions of hydrophilic arsenic species from five different marine food types cutting across the food chain from microalgae, macroalgae, bivalve clam, crustaceans and finfish. Total arsenic was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while arsenic speciation analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS as the detector. The total arsenic contents ranged from 133 ± 11 ng/g to 26,630 ± 520 ng/g. The mass fractions of inorganic arsenic (iAs), arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and the four commonly occurring arsenosugars (AsSugars) are reported. Extractable hydrophilic arsenic species accounted for 10 % (aquacultured shrimp) to 95 % (kelp) of the total arsenic. DMA was established to be a byproduct of the decomposition of AsSugars in acid extracts of samples known to contain these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1910-1934. [PMID: 31999115 PMCID: PMC7250003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is complicated, owing to the enormous diversity of arsenic metabolism in humans, lack of knowledge about the toxicity of these chemicals, and lack of accurate arsenic speciation data on foodstuffs. Identification and quantification of the toxic arsenic compounds are imperative to understanding the risk associated with exposure to arsenic from dietary intake, which, in turn, underscores the need for speciation analysis of the food. Arsenic speciation in seafood is challenging, owing to its existence in myriads of chemical forms and oxidation states. Interconversions occurring between chemical forms, matrix complexity, lack of standards and certified reference materials, and lack of widely accepted measurement protocols present additional challenges. This review covers the current analytical techniques for diverse arsenic species. The requirement for high-quality arsenic speciation data that is essential for establishing legislation and setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Organoarsenicals in Seafood: Occurrence, Dietary Exposure, Toxicity, and Risk Assessment Considerations - A Review. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:943-960. [PMID: 31913614 PMCID: PMC7250045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diet, especially seafood, is the main source of arsenic exposure for humans. The total arsenic content of a diet offers inadequate information for assessment of the toxicological consequences of arsenic intake, which has impeded progress in the establishment of regulatory limits for arsenic in food. Toxicity assessments are mainly based on inorganic arsenic, a well-characterized carcinogen, and arsenobetaine, the main organoarsenical in seafood. Scarcity of toxicity data for organoarsenicals, and the predominance of arsenobetaine as an organic arsenic species in seafood, has led to the assumption of their nontoxicity. Recent toxicokinetic studies show that some organoarsenicals are bioaccessible and cytotoxic with demonstrated toxicities like that of pernicious trivalent inorganic arsenic, underpinning the need for speciation analysis. The need to investigate and compare the bioavailability, metabolic transformation, and elimination from the body of organoarsenicals to the well-established physiological consequences of inorganic arsenic and arsenobetaine exposure is apparent. This review provides an overview of the occurrence and assessment of human exposure to arsenic toxicity associated with the consumption of seafood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang B Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharpless KE, Lindstrom RM, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Spatz RO, Thomas JB, Turk GC, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Yen JH. Preparation and Characterization of Standard Reference Material 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.4.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula, issued in 1996. Extraction characteristics of SRM 1846 have changed over time, as have NIST's analytical capabilities. While certified mass fraction values were provided for five constituents in SRM 1846 (four vitamins plus iodine), certified mass fraction values for 43 constituents are provided in SRM 1849 (fatty acids, elements, and vitamins) and reference mass fraction values are provided for an additional 43 constituents including amino acids and nucleotides, making it the most extensively characterized food-matrix SRM available from NIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Richard M Lindstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Karen W Phinney
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Lane C Sander
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Michele M Schantz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Rabia O Spatz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Jeanice Brown Thomas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Gregory C Turk
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Stephen A Wise
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Laura J Wood
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - James H Yen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Statistical Engineering Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8980
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Wood LJ, Lippa KA, Sharpless KE, Duewer DL, Sander LC, Betz JM. Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program: The First Five Exercises. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/94.3.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has established a Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program (DSQAP) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Program participants measure concentrations of active and/or marker compounds as well as nutritional and toxic elements in food and dietary supplements distributed by NIST. Data are compiled at NIST, where they are analyzed for accuracy relative to reference values and concordance among the participants. Performance reports and certificates of completion are provided to participants, which can be used to demonstrate compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices as promulgated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The DSQAP has conducted five exercises to date, with total participation including more than 75 different laboratories and many more individual analysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Laura J Wood
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Katrice A Lippa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - David L Duewer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Lane C Sander
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Joseph M Betz
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sander LC, Rimmer CA, Wilson WB. Characterization of triacontyl (C-30) liquid chromatographic columns. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460732. [PMID: 31836308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the characteristics of seventeen commercial C-30 liquid chromatographic columns were studied for the separation of carotenoid isomers. A mixture consisting of nine xanthophyll and hydrocarbon carotenoids were separated under conditions carefully chosen to reveal changes in selectivity. The influence of the mobile phase composition, column temperature, and mobile phase flow rate were evaluated. Shape selectivity was characterized with Standard Reference Material (SRM) 869b Column Selectivity Test Mixture, for correlation with carotenoid retention behavior. Regular changes were observed across a broad spectrum of shape selectivity characteristics as indicated by SRM 869b. Better separations of carotenoid isomers were achieved with C-30 columns than were possible with C-18 columns, even after optimization of separation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lane C Sander
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA
| | - Walter B Wilson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Audino S, Angerhofer M, Atkins P, Brauninger RM, Brown PN, Burdette CQ, Clifford R, Cook JM, Donelson J, George K, Gibson P, Harris HL, Hartlein T, Hodgin G, Inerowicz D, Johnson HE, Joseph G, Konings EJM, Kowalski JA, Krogull MK, Kuzdzal S, Lockerman R, Ludwig C, Marrongelli C, Mastovska K, Mudge E, Niehaus GD, Nishimura M, Phillips MM, Phinney CS, Reif K, Rigdon A, Rimmer CA, Ruthenburg T, Solyom AM, Stenerson K, Sudberg S, Sutton A, Szpylka J, Weitzel J, Winkler P, Wong S, Wurzer J, You H, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2017.001. Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Quantitation of Cannabinoids in Cannabis Concentrates. J AOAC Int 2019; 100:1200-1203. [PMID: 28802316 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jo Marie Cook
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Audino S, Angerhofer M, Atkins P, Brauninger RM, Brown PN, Burdette CQ, Clifford R, Cook JM, Donelson J, George K, Gibson P, Harris HL, Hartlein T, Hodgin G, Inerowicz D, Johnson HE, Joseph G, Konings EJM, Kowalski JA, Krogull MK, Kuzdzal S, Lockerman R, Ludwig C, Marrongelli C, Mastovska K, Mudge E, Niehaus GD, Nishimura M, Phillips MM, Phinney CS, Reif K, Rigdon A, Rimmer CA, Ruthenburg T, Solyom AM, Stenerson K, Sudberg S, Sutton A, Szpylka J, Weitzel J, Winkler P, Wong S, Wurzer J, You H, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2017.002. J AOAC Int 2019; 100:1204-1207. [PMID: 28802317 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jo Marie Cook
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rimmer CA. Salvatore Fanali, Paul R. Haddad, Colin F. Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola (Eds.): Liquid chromatography: applications, 2nd ed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2747-2748. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
Szpylka J, Thiex N, Acevedo B, Albizu A, Angrish P, Austin S, Bach Knudsen KE, Barber CA, Berg D, Bhandari SD, Bienvenue A, Cahill K, Caldwell J, Campargue C, Cho F, Collison MW, Cornaggia C, Cruijsen H, Das M, De Vreeze M, Deutz I, Donelson J, Dubois A, Duchateau GS, Duchateau L, Ellingson D, Gandhi J, Gottsleben F, Hache J, Hagood G, Hamad M, Haselberger PA, Hektor T, Hoefling R, Holroyd S, Lloyd Holt D, Horst JG, Ivory R, Jaureguibeitia A, Jennens M, Kavolis DC, Kock L, Konings EJM, Krepich S, Krueger DA, Lacorn M, Lassitter CL, Lee S, Li H, Liu A, Liu K, Lusiak BD, Lynch E, Mastovska K, McCleary BV, Mercier GM, Metra PL, Monti L, Moscoso CJ, Narayanan H, Parisi S, Perinello G, Phillips MM, Pyatt S, Raessler M, Reimann LM, Rimmer CA, Rodriguez A, Romano J, Salleres S, Sliwinski M, Smyth G, Stanley K, Steegmans M, Suzuki H, Swartout K, Tahiri N, Eyck RT, Torres Rodriguez MG, Van Slate J, Van Soest PJ, Vennard T, Vidal R, Vinbord Hedegaard RS, Vrasidas I, Vrasidas Y, Walford S, Wehling P, Winkler P, Winter R, Wirthwine B, Wolfe D, Wood L, Woollard DC, Yadlapalli S, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Z, Zhao G. Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) 2018.002: Fructans in Animal Food (Animal Feed, Pet Food, and Ingredients). J AOAC Int 2019; 101:1283-1284. [PMID: 29986808 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2018.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Liu
- Eurofins Nutrition Analysis Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Betz JM, Rimmer CA, Saldanha LG, Phillips MM, Andrews KW, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Kuszak AJ, Gusev PA, Pehrsson PR. Challenges in Developing Analytically Validated Laboratory-Derived Dietary Supplement Databases. J Nutr 2018; 148:1406S-1412S. [PMID: 31505676 PMCID: PMC6857616 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) is sponsored by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM). It provides a searchable, free database of the contents of ∼65,000 supplement labels. A companion database of analytically verified product labels [the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)] was created by ODS, NLM, and the USDA. There are considerable challenges to populating both databases, but the DSID faces unique analytic chemistry challenges. This article describes the challenges to creating analytically verified marketplace surveys of dietary supplement (DS) product content claims for inclusion in public databases. Nutritionists and public health scientists require information on actual exposures to DS constituents because labeled content may not match labeled product content. Analytic verification of composition of DSs provides a link to actual exposure. A public database of analytically derived DS content was developed to provide more accurate estimates of dietary intake in population-based epidemiologic studies. The DSID has conducted surveys of several types of vitamin- and mineral-containing DSs. Results showing label content claims as analytically derived values are available in the current DSID. A recent pilot project explored the feasibility of adding botanical DS products to the DSID. Candidates for future botanical DSID studies will be based on sales volume, potential public health impacts, and the availability of validated analytic methods and reference materials. Databases like DSID and the DSLD are essential for researchers and clinicians to evaluate dietary ingredient intakes in population-based epidemiologic studies. Together, these databases provide a picture of the DS marketplace. The DSID provides an analytic survey of marketed DSs. However, selection of future botanical supplements for DSID evaluation involves analytic challenges. Even when appropriate resources are available, method selection and data evaluation are resource- and time-consuming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa M Phillips
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Karen W Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
| | - Stephen A Wise
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura J Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pavel A Gusev
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schaneberg BT, Brown PN, Bzhelyansky A, Chang T, Cunningham D, Gu L, Haesaerts G, Howell A, Johnson HE, Konings EJM, Krueger C, Liu H, Merkh K, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Reed J, Rimmer CA, Szpylka J, Yadlapalli S, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2017.004. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1210-1211. [PMID: 28802319 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Ingle P, Barrett B, Betz JM, Don C, Es-Safi NE, Griffiths J, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Mudge E, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Traub J, Zhang Y, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2017.009. Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Quantitation of Aloe Vera Characteristic Water-Soluble Main Constituents in Dietary Supplements. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1185-1186. [PMID: 28802312 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Ingle P, Barrett B, Betz JM, Don C, Es-Safi NE, Griffiths J, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Mudge E, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Traub J, Zhang Y, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2017.010. Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Identification of Aloe Vera in Dietary Supplements and Dietary Ingredients. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1187-1188. [PMID: 28802313 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Schaneberg BT, Brown PN, Bzhelyansky A, Chang T, Cunningham D, Gu L, Haesaerts G, Howell A, Johnson HE, Konings EJM, Krueger C, Liu H, Merkh K, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Reed J, Rimmer CA, Szpylka J, Yadlapalli S, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2017.003. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1208-1209. [PMID: 28802318 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Austad J, Barrett B, Betz JM, Burdette CQ, Don C, Erickson A, Griffiths J, Hildreth JB, Ingle P, Jennens M, Ji D, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Mudge E, Noestheden M, Phillips MM, Phinney CS, Rettinger M, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Sarma N, Sauza B, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Szpylka J, Traub J, Walters DL, Woods JP, Yang J, Yoo SJ, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR® 2015.016. Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Determination of Vitamin D in Dietary Supplement Finished Products and Ingredients. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1182-1184. [PMID: 28802311 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ji
- Analytical Laboratories in Anaheim, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Solyom AM, Betz JM, Brown PN, Bzhelyansky A, Chrisafis N, Embuscado ME, Figore H, Johnson HE, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Kuszak A, Mudge E, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Sauza B, Schaneberg BT, Skamarack J, Sullivan DM, Szpylka J, Travis J, White T, Wubben JL, Yang J, Young K, Zhou J, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR(®) 2016.003. J AOAC Int 2017; 99:1102-1104. [PMID: 27455939 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2016.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
19
|
Konings EJM, Barrett WB, Beshore M, Beshore T, Buscher J, Crum H, Dave GT, Ebersole BE, Edwards JC, Fink S, Hurley EK, Jayabalan R, Joseph G, Kanaan R, LaBonia SJ, LaGory A, Mohindra D, Neal-Kababick J, Pham T, Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Sharaf M, Skovbjerg J, Spedding G, Stenerson K, Stryffeler R, Sullivan DM, Szpylka J, Trout D, Yadlapalli S, Yang J, Zhang C, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR(®) 2016.001. J AOAC Int 2016; 99:1120-1121. [PMID: 27455944 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2016.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Myers R, Betz JM, Bøjstrup M, Craft NE, Figore H, Hall A, Joseph G, Kennedy D, Khachik F, Mudge E, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Szpylka J, Walters DL, White T, Yang J, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR(®) 2016.004. J AOAC Int 2016; 99:1105-1106. [PMID: 27455940 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2016.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Austad J, Barrett WB, Betz JM, Burdette CQ, Don C, Erickson A, Griffiths J, Hildreth JB, Ingle P, Jennens M, Ji D, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Kuszak A, Mudge E, Noestheden M, Phillips MM, Phinney CS, Rettinger M, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Sarma N, Sauza B, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Szpylka J, Traub J, Walters DL, Woods JP, Yang J, Yoo SJ, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhu MJ, Zielinski G, Coates SG, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhu MJ, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR 2015.016. J AOAC Int 2016; 99:320-322. [PMID: 28483003 DOI: 10.5740/jaoac.int.smpr2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ji
- Analytical Laboratories in Anaheim, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ingle P, Barrett WB, Don C, Es-Safi NE, Griffiths J, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Mudge E, Phillips MM, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Traub J, Zhang Y, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR 2015.015. J AOAC Int 2016; 99:318-319. [PMID: 28483002 DOI: 10.5740/jaoac.int.smpr2015.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Betz JM, Griffiths J, Hildreth JB, Jennens M, Ji D, Joseph G, Kennedy DC, Mudge E, Ofitserova M, Phillips MM, Phillips T, Richards LD, Rimmer CA, Royce S, Schaneberg BT, Solyom AM, Sullivan DM, Szpylka J, Traub J, Wood L, Yang J, Yoo SJ, Zhou J, Zhu J, Zielinski G, Coates SG. AOAC SMPR 2015.014. J AOAC Int 2016; 99:314-317. [PMID: 28483001 DOI: 10.5740/jaoac.int.smpr2015.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Ji
- Analytical Laboratories in Anaheim, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang LX, Burdette CQ, Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Marcus RK. Determination of Isoflavone Content in SRM 3238 Using Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2015; 98:1483-90. [PMID: 26651559 PMCID: PMC4881864 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.15-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of marker components in botanical materials is a challenging task, and the increased consumption of botanicals and dietary supplements demands a greater understanding of the associated health benefits and risks. In order to successfully acquire and compare clinical results and correlate health trends, accurate, precise, and validated methods of analysis must be developed. Presented here is the development of a quantitative method for the determination of soy isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) using LC-particle beam/electron ionization-MS (LC-PB/EIMS). An internal standard (IS) approach for quantitation with 7-hydroxy-4- chromone as the IS compound was used, with response factors for each individual isoflavone obtained from calibrant solutions. The results from this method were compared with the certified and reference values for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form to demonstrate that the method was in control. Results obtained using LC-PB/EIMS were consistent with the NIST certified or reference values and their uncertainties for all five isoflavones, demonstrating that the LC-PB/EIMS approach is both accurate and precise when used for the determination of the target isoflavones in soy-containing dietary supplement finished products while simultaneously providing structural information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn X. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634
| | - Carolyn Q. Burdette
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg MD 20899
| | - Melissa M. Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg MD 20899
| | - Catherine A. Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg MD 20899
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rimmer CA. Salvatore Fanali, Paul Haddad, Colin Poole, Peter Schoenmakers, and David Lloyd (Eds.): Liquid chromatography: applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Rimmer CA. Salvatore Fanali, Paul Haddad, Colin Poole, Peter Schoenmakers, David Lloyd (Eds.): Liquid chromatography: fundamentals and instrumentation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Place BJ, Morris MJ, Phillips MM, Sander LC, Rimmer CA. Evaluation of the impact of peak description on the quantitative capabilities of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Phinney KW, Ballihaut G, Bedner M, Benford BS, Camara JE, Christopher SJ, Davis WC, Dodder NG, Eppe G, Lang BE, Long SE, Lowenthal MS, McGaw EA, Murphy KE, Nelson BC, Prendergast JL, Reiner JL, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Sharpless KE, Sniegoski LT, Tai SSC, Thomas JB, Vetter TW, Welch MJ, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Guthrie WF, Hagwood CR, Leigh SD, Yen JH, Zhang NF, Chaudhary-Webb M, Chen H, Fazili Z, LaVoie DJ, McCoy LF, Momin SS, Paladugula N, Pendergrast EC, Pfeiffer CM, Powers CD, Rabinowitz D, Rybak ME, Schleicher RL, Toombs BMH, Xu M, Zhang M, Castle AL. Development of a Standard Reference Material for metabolomics research. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11732-8. [PMID: 24187941 PMCID: PMC4823010 DOI: 10.1021/ac402689t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has developed a Standard Reference Material (SRM) to support technology development in metabolomics research. SRM 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma is intended to have metabolite concentrations that are representative of those found in adult human plasma. The plasma used in the preparation of SRM 1950 was collected from both male and female donors, and donor ethnicity targets were selected based upon the ethnic makeup of the U.S. population. Metabolomics research is diverse in terms of both instrumentation and scientific goals. This SRM was designed to apply broadly to the field, not toward specific applications. Therefore, concentrations of approximately 100 analytes, including amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements, vitamins, hormones, selenoproteins, clinical markers, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), were determined. Value assignment measurements were performed by NIST and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). SRM 1950 is the first reference material developed specifically for metabolomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen W. Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Guillaume Ballihaut
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mary Bedner
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brandi S. Benford
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Johanna E. Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Steven J. Christopher
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - W. Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brian E. Lang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen E. Long
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mark S. Lowenthal
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McGaw
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Karen E. Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jocelyn L. Prendergast
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jessica L. Reiner
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Catherine A. Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lane C. Sander
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michele M. Schantz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Katherine E. Sharpless
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lorna T. Sniegoski
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Susan S.-C. Tai
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeanice B. Thomas
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Thomas W. Vetter
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Laura J. Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - William F. Guthrie
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Charles R. Hagwood
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stefan D. Leigh
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - James H. Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nien-Fan Zhang
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Madhu Chaudhary-Webb
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Huiping Chen
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Zia Fazili
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Donna J. LaVoie
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Leslie F. McCoy
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Shahzad S. Momin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Neelima Paladugula
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Pendergrast
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Christine M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Carissa D. Powers
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Daniel Rabinowitz
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Michael E. Rybak
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Rosemary L. Schleicher
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Bridgette M. H. Toombs
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mary Xu
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Arthur L. Castle
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sander LC, Bedner M, Duewer DL, Lippa KA, Phillips MM, Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Schantz MM, Sharpless KE, Tai SSC, Thomas JB, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Betz JM, Coates PM. The development and implementation of quality assurance programs to support nutritional measurements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4437-41. [PMID: 23552970 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology administers quality assurance programs devoted to improving measurements of nutrients and related metabolites in foods, dietary supplements, and serum and plasma samples. These programs have been developed in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health to assist measurement communities in their efforts to achieve accurate results that are comparable among different laboratories and over time. Targeted analytes include micronutrients, botanical markers, nutritional elements, contaminants, fatty acids, and vitamin D metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Sander
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Wood LJ, Lippa KA, Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Heckert NA, Leigh SD, Moors AJ, Pugh RS, Rust LB. Breakfast cereal sampling study for nutritional elements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4569-78. [PMID: 23380950 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has established a Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program (DSQAP) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS). The DSQAP invites laboratories twice annually to participate in interlaboratory studies where participants elect to measure concentrations of nutritional and/or toxic elements as well as active and/or marker compounds. One of these studies was designed to determine the effects of material granularity and sample processing techniques on measurement variability (precision) as well as to provide participating laboratories information on their performance relative to the NIST assigned values (bias) and to the other participants (concordance). Participants were asked to determine the mass fractions of Ca, Fe, and Zn, in mg/kg, in six breakfast cereal samples. Cereal samples consisted of three ground materials (homogenized wheat, wheat, and rice), two flake materials (wheat and rice) and a partially crushed material (a wheat/rice mixture). In general, approximately 25% of the laboratories processed and analyzed the suite of six cereal materials with adequate to exemplary measurement precision. Over half of the laboratories (60%) experienced measurement issues related to only a particular type of cereal matrix or for only a single element. A small number (15%) of laboratories experienced significant sample processing or measurement problems. Future studies planned by the DSQAP may be designed to use commercial products to aid laboratories with their sampling and analytical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Wood
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lowenthal MS, Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Rudnick PA, Simón-Manso Y, Stein SE, Tchekhovskoi D, Phinney KW. Developing qualitative LC-MS methods for characterization of Vaccinium berry Standard Reference Materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:4451-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Rimmer CA, Putzbach K, Sharpless KE, Sander LC, Yen JH. Preparation and certification of standard reference material 3278 tocopherols in edible oils. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:6794-6798. [PMID: 22686411 DOI: 10.1021/jf2051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3278 Tocopherols in Edible Oils has been issued for use as a quality assurance tool in the measurement of tocopherols. Like other natural-matrix SRMs, this material can be used in method validation or in assignment of tocopherol values to in-house quality control materials. Because most edible oils contain one predominant tocopherol isoform, the SRM is a blend of sunflower, soy, canola, and safflower oils to provide roughly comparable chromatographic peak heights of the two main tocopherols, γ and α, with smaller amounts of δ and β. The four tocopherol isoforms were determined by three independent liquid chromatography methods with absorbance and fluorescence detection. Various chromatographic and detection modes are used for assignment of certified values because biases inherent to one method should not be present in the other, and the existence of bias can therefore be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rimmer CA. Michael Rychlik (Ed.): Fortified foods with vitamins: analytical concepts to assure better and safer products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Thomas JB, Sharpless KE, Yen JH, Rimmer CA. Determination of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in standard reference material 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets by liquid chromatography with absorbance detection. J AOAC Int 2011; 94:815-822. [PMID: 21797009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of selected fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets have been determined by two independent LC methods, with measurements performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This SRM has been prepared as part of a collaborative effort between NIST and the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. The SRM is also intended to support the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database that is being established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The methods used at NIST to determine the concentration levels of vitamins A and E, and beta-carotene in the SRM used RPLC with absorbance detection. The relative precision of these methods ranged from 2 to 8% for the analytes measured. SRM 3280 is primarily intended for use in validating analytical methods for the determination of selected vitamins, carotenoids, and elements in multivitamin/multielement tablets and similar matrixes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanice B Thomas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Wood LJ, Lippa KA, Sharpless KE, Duewer DL, Sander LC, Betz JM. Dietary supplement laboratory quality assurance program: the first five exercises. J AOAC Int 2011; 94:803-14. [PMID: 21797008 PMCID: PMC3173719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has established a Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program (DSQAP) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Program participants measure concentrations of active and/or marker compounds as well as nutritional and toxic elements in food and dietary supplements distributed by NIST. Data are compiled at NIST, where they are analyzed for accuracy relative to reference values and concordance among the participants. Performance reports and certificates of completion are provided to participants, which can be used to demonstrate compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices as promulgated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The DSQAP has conducted five exercises to date, with total participation including more than 75 different laboratories and many more individual analysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Wise SA, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Porter BJ, Rimmer CA, Thomas JB, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Duewer DL, Atkinson R, Chen P, Goldschmidt R, Wolf WR, Ho IP, Betz JM. Certification of vitamins and carotenoids in SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets. Anal Chem 2010; 83:99-108. [PMID: 21128589 DOI: 10.1021/ac101953u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new multivitamin/multielement dietary supplement Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with certified and reference concentration values for 13 vitamins, 24 elements, and 2 carotenoids. The constituents have been measured by multiple analytical methods with data contributed by NIST and by collaborating laboratories. This effort included the first use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for value assignment of both fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs). Excellent agreement was obtained among the methods, with relative expanded uncertainties for the certified concentration values typically ranging from <2% to 15% for vitamins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Sander
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8311, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Thomas JB, Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Wise SA. Isotope dilution liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry methods for fat- and water-soluble vitamins in nutritional formulations. Anal Chem 2010; 83:92-8. [PMID: 21117618 DOI: 10.1021/ac101950r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential to human health, and dietary supplements containing vitamins are widely used by individuals hoping to ensure they have adequate intake of these important nutrients. Measurement of vitamins in nutritional formulations is necessary to monitor regulatory compliance and in studies examining the nutrient intake of specific populations. Liquid chromatographic methods, primarily with UV absorbance detection, are well established for both fat- and water-soluble measurements, but they do have limitations for certain analytes and may suffer from a lack of specificity in complex matrices. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) provides both sensitivity and specificity for the determination of vitamins in these matrices, and simultaneous analysis of multiple vitamins in a single analysis is often possible. In this work, LC-MS methods were developed for both fat- and water-soluble vitamins and applied to the measurement of these analytes in two NIST Standard Reference Materials. When possible, stable isotope labeled internal standards were employed for quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Phinney
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cleveland D, Long SE, Sander LC, Davis WC, Murphy KE, Case RJ, Rimmer CA, Francini L, Patri AK. Chromatographic methods for the quantification of free and chelated gadolinium species in MRI contrast agent formulations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2987-95. [PMID: 20890749 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Speciation measurements of gadolinium in liposomal MRI contrast agents (CAs) are complicated by the presence of emulsifiers, surfactants, and therapeutic agents in the formulations. The present paper describes two robust, hyphenated chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of gadolinium in nanoemulsion-based CA formulations. Three potential species of gadolinium, free gadolinium ion, gadolinium chelated by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and gadolinium chelated by 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, were present in the CA formulations. The species were separated by reversed-phase chromatography (reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC) or by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). For RP-HPLC, fluorescence detection and post-column online isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) were used to measure the amount of gadolinium in each species. Online ID-ICP-MS and species-specific isotope dilution (SID)-ICP-MS were used in combination with the HPSEC column. The results indicated that some inter-species conversions and degradation had occurred within the samples and that SID-ICP-MS should be used to provide the most reliable measurements of total and speciated gadolinium. However, fluorescence and online ID-ICP-MS might usefully be applied as qualitative, rapid screening procedures for the presence of free gadolinium ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cleveland
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8391, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wise SA, Poster DL, Leigh SD, Rimmer CA, Mössner S, Schubert P, Sander LC, Schantz MM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a coal tar standard reference material—SRM 1597a updated. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:717-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Sharpless KE, Lindstrom RM, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Spatz RO, Thomas JB, Turk GC, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Yen JH. Preparation and characterization of standard reference material 1849 infant/adult nutritional formula. J AOAC Int 2010; 93:1262-1274. [PMID: 20922961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula, issued in 1996. Extraction characteristics of SRM 1846 have changed over time, as have NIST's analytical capabilities. While certified mass fraction values were provided for five constituents in SRM 1846 (four vitamins plus iodine), certified mass fraction values for 43 constituents are provided in SRM 1849 (fatty acids, elements, and vitamins) and reference mass fraction values are provided for an additional 43 constituents including amino acids and nucleotides, making it the most extensively characterized food-matrix SRM available from NIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kühnle M, Friebolin V, Albert K, Rimmer CA, Lippa KA, Sander LC. Architecture and Dynamics of C18 Bonded Interphases with Small Molecule Spacers. Anal Chem 2009; 81:10136-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901911w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
Schantz MM, Bedner M, Long SE, Molloy JL, Murphy KE, Porter BJ, Putzbach K, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Thomas JB, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Yarita T, NguyenPho A, Sorenson WR, Betz JM. Development of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) fruit and extract standard reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:427-38. [PMID: 18677464 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of a collaboration with the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements and the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed two standard reference materials (SRMs) representing different forms of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), SRM 3250 Serenoa repens fruit and SRM 3251 Serenoa repens extract. Both of these SRMs have been characterized for their fatty acid and phytosterol content. The fatty acid concentration values are based on results from gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis while the sterol concentration values are based on results from GC-FID and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, SRM 3250 has been characterized for lead content, and SRM 3251 has been characterized for the content of beta-carotene and tocopherols. SRM 3250 (fruit) has certified concentration values for three phytosterols, 14 fatty acids as triglycerides, and lead along with reference concentration values for four fatty acids as triglycerides and 16 free fatty acids. SRM 3251 (extract) has certified concentration values for three phytosterols, 17 fatty acids as triglycerides, beta-carotene, and gamma-tocopherol along with reference concentration values for three fatty acids as triglycerides, 17 fatty acids as free fatty acids, beta-carotene isomers, and delta-tocopherol and information values for two phytosterols. These SRMs will complement other reference materials currently available with concentrations for similar analytes and are part of a series of SRMs being developed for dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Schantz
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rimmer CA, Howerton SB, Sharpless KE, Sander LC, Long SE, Murphy KE, Porter BJ, Putzbach K, Rearick MS, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Zeisler R, Hancock DK, Yen JH, Betz JM, Nguyenpho A, Yang L, Scriver C, Willie S, Sturgeon R, Schaneberg B, Nelson C, Skamarack J, Pan M, Levanseler K, Gray D, Waysek EH, Blatter A, Reich E. Characterization of a suite of ginkgo-containing standard reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:179-96. [PMID: 17619180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A suite of three ginkgo-containing dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with certified values for flavonoid aglycones, ginkgolides, bilobalide, and selected toxic trace elements. The materials represent a range of matrices (i.e., plant, extract, and finished product) that provide different analytical challenges. The constituents have been determined by at least two independent analytical methods with measurements performed by NIST and at least one collaborating laboratory. The methods utilized different extractions, chromatographic separations, modes of detection, and approaches to quantitation. The SRMs are primarily intended for method validation and for use as control materials to support the analysis of dietary supplements and related botanical materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Putzbach K, Rimmer CA, Sharpless KE, Sander LC. Determination of Bitter Orange alkaloids in dietary supplements standard reference materials by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1156:304-11. [PMID: 17524413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four adrenergic amines [synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, and n-methyltyramine] were determined in a variety of Bitter Orange containing dietary supplements. Two extraction techniques were evaluated in detail: Soxhlet extraction and sonication extraction. A liquid chromatographic separation using a reversed-phase C(18) stationary phase and the ion-pairing reagent sodium dodecyl sulfate was developed to separate the Bitter Orange alkaloids. Ultraviolet absorbance detection at 220 nm and fluorescence detection with excitation at 273 nm and emission at 304 nm were used for the alkaloid detection. The method described was used for the assignment of the levels of the predominant alkaloids in three candidate standard reference materials containing Bitter Orange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Putzbach
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Putzbach K, Rimmer CA, Sharpless KE, Wise SA, Sander LC. Determination of bitter orange alkaloids in dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials by liquid chromatography with atmospheric-pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:197-205. [PMID: 17579842 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic atmospheric-pressure ionization electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-API-ES-MS) method has been developed for the determination of five bitter orange alkaloids (synephrine, octopamine, n-methyltyramine, tyramine, and hordenine) in bitter orange-containing dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs). The materials represent a variety of natural, extracted, and processed sample matrices. Two extraction techniques were evaluated: pressurized-fluid extraction (PFE) and sonication extraction. The influence of different solvents, extraction temperatures, and pH were investigated for a plant material and a processed sample. The LC method uses a new approach for the separation of highly polar alkaloids. A fluorinated, silica-based stationary phase separated the five alkaloids and the internal standard terbutaline in less than 20 min. This method enabled the determination of the dominant alkaloid synephrine and other minor alkaloids in a variety of dietary supplement SRMs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sharpless KE, Thomas JB, Duewer DL, Putzbach K, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Wise SA, Yarita T, Yen JH. Preparation and characterization of standard reference material 3276, carrot extract in oil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:207-17. [PMID: 17440713 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) are collaborating to produce a series of standard reference materials (SRMs) for dietary supplements. Standard reference material (SRM) 3276 Carrot Extract in Oil is one in this series, with values assigned for trans-alpha-carotene, trans- and total beta-carotene, delta- and gamma-tocopherol, and twelve fatty acids. Results for carotenoids and tocopherols were obtained by use of combinations of liquid chromatography (LC), on columns of differing selectivity, with absorbance and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Fluorescence detection also was used for the tocopherols. Results for fatty acids were obtained by use of gas chromatography (GC) with both flame-ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. This material is intended for use as a primary control material when assigning values to in-house (secondary) control materials and for validation of analytical methods for measurement of these analytes in similar matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Wise SA. Selectivity of long chain stationary phases in reversed phase liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 382:698-707. [PMID: 15578165 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of commercial monomeric and polymeric C(18), C(27), and C(30) stationary phases were compared with immobilized poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary phases synthesized in-house. The columns were characterized on the basis of methylene selectivity, silanol activity, metal activity, pore size, shape selectivity, and the ability to separate tocopherol isomers and carotenoid isomers. Monomeric and polymeric C(30) phases were shown to yield excellent separations of the tocopherol isomers while the polymeric C(30) and polyethylene phases were more appropriate to the separation of carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Wise SA, Dorsey JG. Synthesis and characterization of C13 to C18 stationary phases by monomeric, solution polymerized, and surface polymerized approaches. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1007:11-20. [PMID: 12924546 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of bonded phases were synthesized from consecutive length alkylsilanes ranging from C13 through C18, with three different bonding chemistries (monomeric, solution polymerized, and surface polymerized) at each phase length. The phases were characterized in terms of methylene selectivity, shape selectivity, and band broadening. No significant chromatographic differences were found to result from the synthetic routes, except that the different bonding chemistries provide a different range of bonding densities. For bonding densities ranging from 2 to 8 micromol/m2, a linear increase in methylene selectivity was observed with increasing bonding density. Over the narrow range of bonded phase lengths investigated, shape selectivity is more dependent on density than phase length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive. Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The seemingly simple process of measuring the mobile phase volume, V0, in reversed-phase liquid chromatography has eluded unambiguous agreement for over 25 years. Examples exist in the literature where the reported volume is physically impossible, either equal to or larger than the empty column volume, or being so small that it would represent a total porosity of half the theoretical limit for well-packed columns. Here we review the many proposals for methods of measurement, and compare and critique them. At this time, there is still no consensus for the best method of measurement, and workers are urged to critically examine values they measure, to insure they are at least physically possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-4390, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|