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Time-of-Day Circadian Modulation of Grape-Seed Procyanidin Extract (GSPE) in Hepatic Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cafeteria-Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040774. [PMID: 35215423 PMCID: PMC8876123 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major susceptibility to alterations in liver function (e.g., hepatic steatosis) in a prone environment due to circadian misalignments represents a common consequence of recent sociobiological behavior (i.e., food excess and sleep deprivation). Natural compounds and, more concisely, polyphenols have been shown as an interesting tool for fighting against metabolic syndrome and related consequences. Furthermore, mitochondria have been identified as an important target for mediation of the health effects of these compounds. Additionally, mitochondrial function and dynamics are strongly regulated in a circadian way. Thus, we wondered whether some of the beneficial effects of grape-seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on metabolic syndrome could be mediated by a circadian modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. For this purpose, rats were subjected to “standard”, “cafeteria” and “cafeteria diet + GSPE” treatments (n = 4/group) for 9 weeks (the last 4 weeks, GSPE/vehicle) of treatment, administering the extract/vehicle at diurnal or nocturnal times (ZT0 or ZT12). For circadian assessment, one hour after turning the light on (ZT1), animals were sacrificed every 6 h (ZT1, ZT7, ZT13 and ZT19). Interestingly, GSPE was able to restore the rhythm on clock hepatic genes (Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, Rorα), as this correction was more evident in nocturnal treatment. Additionally, during nocturnal treatment, an increase in hepatic fusion genes and a decrease in fission genes were observed. Regarding mitochondrial complex activity, there was a strong effect of cafeteria diet at nearly all ZTs, and GSPE was able to restore activity at discrete ZTs, mainly in the diurnal treatment (ZT0). Furthermore, a differential behavior was observed in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites between GSPE diurnal and nocturnal administration times. Therefore, GSPE may serve as a nutritional preventive strategy in the recovery of hepatic-related metabolic disease by modulating mitochondrial dynamics, which is concomitant to the restoration of the hepatic circadian machinery.
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2
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The Potential Role of Polyphenols in Modulating Mitochondrial Bioenergetics within the Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092791. [PMID: 34068459 PMCID: PMC8125960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are naturally derived compounds that are increasingly being explored for their various health benefits. In fact, foods that are rich in polyphenols have become an attractive source of nutrition and a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the untoward effects of metabolic disorders. The last decade has seen a rapid increase in studies reporting on the bioactive properties of polyphenols against metabolic complications, especially in preclinical models. Various experimental models involving cell cultures exposed to lipid overload and rodents on high fat diet have been used to investigate the ameliorative effects of various polyphenols against metabolic anomalies. Here, we systematically searched and included literature reporting on the impact of polyphenols against metabolic function, particularly through the modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics within the skeletal muscle. This is of interest since the skeletal muscle is rich in mitochondria and remains one of the main sites of energy homeostasis. Notably, increased substrate availability is consistent with impaired mitochondrial function and enhanced oxidative stress in preclinical models of metabolic disease. This explains the general interest in exploring the antioxidant properties of polyphenols and their ability to improve mitochondrial function. The current review aimed at understanding how these compounds modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics to improve metabolic function in preclinical models on metabolic disease.
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3
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
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Rafiei H, Omidian K, Bandy B. Dietary Polyphenols Protect Against Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in an in Vitro Model of NAFLD by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Improving Mitochondrial Function. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030541. [PMID: 30832407 PMCID: PMC6471211 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the relative effectiveness of common dietary polyphenols or the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in protecting against molecular mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involving changes to cellular lipid metabolism and bioenergetics. In a model of steatosis using HepG2 hepatocytes, exposure of the cells to 1.5 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h caused steatosis and distorted cell morphology, induced the expression of mRNA for enzymes that are involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAS and CPT1A), and impaired indices of aerobic energy metabolism (PPARγ mRNA expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and galactose-supported ATP production). Co-treatment with 10 µM of selected polyphenols all strongly protected against the steatosis and changes in cell morphology. All polyphenols, except cyanidin, inhibited the effects on FAS and PPARγ and further increased CPT1A1 expression, suggesting a shift toward increased β-oxidation. Resveratrol, quercetin, catechin, and cyanidin, however not kuromanin or berberine, ameliorated the decreases in MMP and galactose-derived ATP. Berberine was unique in worsening the decrease in galactose-derived ATP. In further investigations of the mechanisms involved, resveratrol, catechin, and berberine increased SIRT1 enzyme activity and p-AMPKαThr172 protein, which are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, selected polyphenols all protected against steatosis with similar effectiveness, however through different mechanisms that increased aerobic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rafiei
- Nutrition Division, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Kosar Omidian
- Nutrition Division, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Brian Bandy
- Nutrition Division, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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5
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Griffin LE, Witrick KA, Klotz C, Dorenkott MR, Goodrich KM, Fundaro G, McMillan RP, Hulver MW, Ponder MA, Neilson AP. Alterations to metabolically active bacteria in the mucosa of the small intestine predict anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities of grape seed extract in mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:3510-3522. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed extract changes small intestinal gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Griffin
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Katherine A. Witrick
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Courtney Klotz
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Melanie R. Dorenkott
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Katheryn M. Goodrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Gabrielle Fundaro
- Department of Human Nutrition
- Foods and Exercise
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Ryan P. McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition
- Foods and Exercise
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition
- Foods and Exercise
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Monica A. Ponder
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
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6
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High-molecular-weight cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced insulin-enhancing and insulin mimetic activities in human primary skeletal muscle cells compared to smaller procyanidins. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 39:48-58. [PMID: 27816760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism is a primary hallmark of metabolic disease (i.e., diabetes, obesity, etc.). Complementary nonpharmaceutical strategies are needed to prevent and/or ameliorate dysregulation of glucose metabolism and prevent progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes across the lifespan. Cocoa compounds, particularly the procyanidins, have shown promise for improving insulin sensitivity and blood glucose homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cocoa procyanidins exert these functions remain poorly understood. Furthermore, cocoa procyanidins exhibit size diversity, and evidence suggests that procyanidin bioactivity and size may be related. Here, we show that a procyanidin-rich cocoa extract elicits an antidiabetic effect by stimulating glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake, independent of insulin. Cocoa procyanidins did not appear to act via stimulation of AMPK or CaMKII activities. Additionally, in the presence of insulin, glycogen synthesis and AKT phosphorylation were affected. These mechanisms of action are most pronounced in response to oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins. These results demonstrate (1) specific mechanisms by which cocoa procyanidins improve glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and (2) that larger procyanidins appear to possess enhanced activities. These mechanistic insights suggest specific strategies and biological contexts that may be exploited to maximize the antidiabetic benefits of cocoa procyanidins.
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7
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Guarini G, Kiyooka T, Ohanyan V, Pung YF, Marzilli M, Chen YR, Chen CL, Kang PT, Hardwick JP, Kolz CL, Yin L, Wilson GL, Shokolenko I, Dobson JG, Fenton R, Chilian WM. Impaired coronary metabolic dilation in the metabolic syndrome is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA damage. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:29. [PMID: 27040114 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity and diabetes can be caused by excessive production of free radicals, which can damage mitochondrial DNA. Because mitochondrial DNA plays a key role in the production of ATP necessary for cardiac work, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction, induced by mitochondrial DNA damage, uncouples coronary blood flow from cardiac work. Myocardial blood flow (contrast echocardiography) was measured in Zucker lean (ZLN) and obese fatty (ZOF) rats during increased cardiac metabolism (product of heart rate and arterial pressure, i.v. norepinephrine). In ZLN increased metabolism augmented coronary blood flow, but in ZOF metabolic hyperemia was attenuated. Mitochondrial respiration was impaired and ROS production was greater in ZOF than ZLN. These were associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in ZOF. To determine if coronary metabolic dilation, the hyperemic response induced by heightened cardiac metabolism, is linked to mitochondrial function we introduced recombinant proteins (intravenously or intraperitoneally) in ZLN and ZOF to fragment or repair mtDNA, respectively. Repair of mtDNA damage restored mitochondrial function and metabolic dilation, and reduced ROS production in ZOF; whereas induction of mtDNA damage in ZLN reduced mitochondrial function, increased ROS production, and attenuated metabolic dilation. Adequate metabolic dilation was also associated with the extracellular release of ADP, ATP, and H2O2 by cardiac myocytes; whereas myocytes from rats with impaired dilation released only H2O2. In conclusion, our results suggest that mitochondrial function plays a seminal role in connecting myocardial blood flow to metabolism, and integrity of mtDNA is central to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinta Guarini
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Takahiko Kiyooka
- Division of Cardiology, Tokai University Oiso Hospital, Oiso, Japan
| | - Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Yuh Fen Pung
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mario Marzilli
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yeong Renn Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Chwen Lih Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Patrick T Kang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - James P Hardwick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Christopher L Kolz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Glenn L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA
| | - Inna Shokolenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA
| | - James G Dobson
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - Richard Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
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8
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Haufe TC, Gilley AD, Goodrich KM, Ryan CM, Smithson AT, Hulver MW, Liu D, Neilson AP. Grape powder attenuates the negative effects of GLP-1 receptor antagonism by exendin-3 (9–39) in a normoglycemic mouse model. Food Funct 2016; 7:2692-705. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute oral administration of grape powder attenuates the hyperglycemic effects of GLP-1 receptor antagonism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Haufe
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - A. D. Gilley
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - K. M. Goodrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - C. M. Ryan
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - A. T. Smithson
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - M. W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition
- Foods and Exercise
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - D. Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition
- Foods and Exercise
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - A. P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
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9
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Goutzourelas N, Stagos D, Housmekeridou A, Karapouliou C, Kerasioti E, Aligiannis N, Skaltsounis AL, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Grape pomace extract exerts antioxidant effects through an increase in GCS levels and GST activity in muscle and endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:433-41. [PMID: 26082074 PMCID: PMC4501638 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that a grape pomace extract (GPE) exerted antioxidant activity in endothelial (EA.hy926) and muscle (C2C12) cells through an increase in glutathione (GSH) levels. In the present study, in order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the antioxidant activity of GPE, its effects on the expression of critical antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) were assessed in EA.hy926 and C2C12 cells. Moreover, the effects of GPE on CAT, SOD and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymatic activity were evaluated. For this purpose, the C2C12 and EA.hy926 cells were treated with GPE at low and non-cytotoxic concentrations (2.5 and 10 µg/ml for the C2C12 cells; 0.068 and 0.250 µg/ml for the EA.hy926 cells) for 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Following incubation, enzymatic expression and activity were assessed. The results revealed that treatment with GPE significantly increased GCS levels and GST activity in both the C2C12 and EA.hy926 cells. However, GPE significantly decreased CAT levels and activity, but only in the muscle cells, while it had no effect on CAT levels and activity in the endothelial cells. Moreover, treatment with GPE had no effect on HO-1 and SOD expression and activity in both cell lines. Therefore, the present results provide further evidence of the crucial role of GSH systems in the antioxidant effects exerted by GPE. Thus, GPE may prove to be effective for use as a food supplement for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced pathological conditions of the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems, particularly those associated with low GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | | | - Christina Karapouliou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Alexios L Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
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10
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Salvadó MJ, Casanova E, Fernández-Iglesias A, Arola L, Bladé C. Roles of proanthocyanidin rich extracts in obesity. Food Funct 2015; 6:1053-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder involving an abnormal or excessive amount of body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Josepa Salvadó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Ester Casanova
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | | | - Lluis Arola
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tarragona
- Spain
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11
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Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on menopausal symptoms, body composition, and cardiovascular parameters in middle-aged women. Menopause 2014; 21:990-6. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Mazzoni L, Quiles JL, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Battino M. The effects of bioactive compounds from plant foods on mitochondrial function: a focus on apoptotic mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:154-82. [PMID: 24680691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular integrity and functionality maintenance and their imparement is implicated in the development of a wide range of diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, degenerative and hyperproliferative pathologies. The identification of different compounds able to interact with mitochondria for therapeutic purposes is currently becoming of primary importance. Indeed, it is well known that foods, particularly those of vegetable origin, present several constituents with beneficial effects on health. This review summarizes and updates the most recent findings concerning the mechanisms through which different dietary compounds from plant foods affect mitochondria functionality in healthy and pathological in vitro and in vivo models, paying particular attention to the pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy.
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Effects of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract on abundance of HepG2 cell lysate proteins and their possible consequential impact on metabolism and inflammation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:459017. [PMID: 24455694 PMCID: PMC3886566 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fruit pulp extract of Tamarindus indica has been reported for its antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. In this study, the methanol extract of T. indica fruit pulp was investigated for its effects on the abundance of HepG2 cell lysate proteins. Cell lysate was extracted from HepG2 cells grown in the absence and presence of the methanol extract of T. indica fruit pulp. Approximately 2500 spots were resolved using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the abundance of 20 cellular proteins was found to be significantly reduced. Among the proteins of reduced abundance, fourteen, including six proteins involved in metabolism (including ethanolamine phosphate cytidylyltransferase), four mitochondrial proteins (including prohibitin and respiratory chain proteins), and four proteins involved in translation and splicing, were positively identified by mass spectrometry and database search. The identified HepG2 altered abundance proteins, when taken together and analyzed by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software, are suggestive of the effects of T. indica fruit pulp extract on metabolism and inflammation, which are modulated by LXR/RXR. In conclusion, the methanol fruit pulp extract of T. indica was shown to cause reduced abundance of HepG2 mitochondrial, metabolic, and regulatory proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, protein synthesis, and cellular metabolism.
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Fernández-Iglesias A, Pajuelo D, Quesada H, Díaz S, Bladé C, Arola L, Salvadó MJ, Mulero M. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract improves the hepatic glutathione metabolism in obese Zucker rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:727-37. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - David Pajuelo
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Helena Quesada
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Sabina Díaz
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Maria Josepa Salvadó
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades; Tarragona Spain
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15
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Arias N, Macarulla MT, Aguirre L, Martínez-Castaño MG, Portillo MP. Quercetin can reduce insulin resistance without decreasing adipose tissue and skeletal muscle fat accumulation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:361. [PMID: 24338341 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin exhibits a wide range of biological functions. The first aim of the present work was to analyze the effects of quercetin on fat accumulation in adipose tissue and glycemic control in rats. Any potential involvement of muscle fatty acid oxidation in its effect on glycemic control was also assessed. Animals were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet either supplemented with quercetin (30 mg/kg body weight/day), or not supplemented, for 6 weeks. One week before killing, a glucose tolerance test was carried out. Muscle triacylglycerol content, serum glucose, insulin, fructosamine and free fatty acids were measured, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The activities of lipogenic enzymes and lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT-1b) and citrate synthase in skeletal muscle, and the expression of several genes, ACO, CD36, CPT-1b, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, UCP3, TFAM and COX-2 in skeletal muscle were analyzed. Quercetin caused no significant reduction in body weight or adipose tissue sizes. However, fructosamine, basal glucose and insulin, and consequently HOMA-IR, were significantly reduced by quercetin. No changes were observed in the activity of lipogenic enzymes and lipoprotein lipase. Muscle triacylglycerol content was similar in both experimental groups. The expression of ACO, CD36, CPT-1b, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, UCP3, TFAM and COX-2 remained unchanged. It can be concluded that quercetin is more effective as an anti-diabetic than as an anti-obesity biomolecule. The improvement in insulin resistance induced by this flavonoid is not mediated by a delipidating effect in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arias
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
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Shaum KM, Polotsky AJ. Nutrition and reproduction: is there evidence to support a "Fertility Diet" to improve mitochondrial function? Maturitas 2013; 74:309-12. [PMID: 23376023 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Normal function of mitochondria plays an essential role in enabling reproductive capacity. To date, few studies have investigated the role of promoting mitochondrial health in relation to fertility in humans. Selected nutritional interventions have demonstrated a potential to enhance mitochondrial function, suggesting a promise for future research for fertility treatment. This review summarizes the extant literature and highlights a putative role of particular nutrients in promotion of mitochondrial function, including in vitro, animal and human studies. Strong basis exists to advocate for further investigation of nutritional treatments for infertility patients.
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Neto BAD, Corrêa JR, Silva RG. Selective mitochondrial staining with small fluorescent probes: importance, design, synthesis, challenges and trends for new markers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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18
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Cedó L, Castell-Auví A, Pallarès V, Mohien CU, Baiges I, Blay M, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Pancreatic islet proteome profile in Zucker fatty rats chronically treated with a grape seed procyanidin extract. Food Chem 2012; 135:1948-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Goodrich KM, Fundaro G, Griffin LE, Grant A, Hulver MW, Ponder MA, Neilson AP. Chronic administration of dietary grape seed extract increases colonic expression of gut tight junction protein occludin and reduces fecal calprotectin: a secondary analysis of healthy Wistar Furth rats. Nutr Res 2012; 32:787-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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