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Ginés I, Gaiani G, Ruhela A, Skouridou V, Campàs M, Masip L. Nucleic acid lateral flow dipstick assay for the duplex detection of Gambierdiscus australes and Gambierdiscus excentricus. Harmful Algae 2021; 110:102135. [PMID: 34887012 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of harmful microalgae endangers aquatic ecosystems and can have serious economic implications on a global level. Harmful microalgae and their associated toxins also pose a threat to human health since they can cause seafood-borne diseases such as ciguatera. Implementation of DNA-based molecular methods together with appropriate detection strategies in monitoring programs can support the efforts for effective prevention of potential outbreaks. A PCR-lateral flow assay (PCR-LFA) in dipstick format was developed in this work for the detection of two Gambierdiscus species, G. australes and G. excentricus, which are known to produce highly potent neurotoxins known as ciguatoxins and have been associated with ciguatera outbreaks. Duplex PCR amplification of genomic DNA from strains of these species utilizing species-specific ssDNA tailed primers and a common primer containing the binding sequence of scCro DNA binding protein resulted in the generation of hybrid ssDNA-dsDNA amplicons. These were captured on the dipsticks via hybridization with complementary probes and detected with a scCro/carbon nanoparticle (scCro/CNPs) conjugate. The two different test zones on the dipsticks allowed the discrimination of the two species and the assay exhibited high sensitivity, 6.3 pg/μL of genomic DNA from both G. australes and G. excentricus. The specificity of the approach was also demonstrated using genomic DNA from non-target Gambierdiscus species and other microalgae genera which did not produce any signals. The possibility to use cells directly for amplification instead of purified genomic DNA suggested the compatibility of the approach with field sample testing. Future work is required to further explore the potential use of the strategy for on-site analysis and its applicability to other toxic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Greta Gaiani
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Ankur Ruhela
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vasso Skouridou
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Lluis Masip
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Grau-Bové C, Ginés I, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Blay MT, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Glucagon Shows Higher Sensitivity than Insulin to Grapeseed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) Treatment in Cafeteria-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041084. [PMID: 33810265 PMCID: PMC8066734 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas plays a key role in metabolism. Procyanidins (GSPE) targets β-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing cells; however, there is no information on the effects of GSPE on glucagon. We performed GSPE preventive treatments administered to Wistar rats before or at the same time as they were fed a cafeteria diet during 12 or 17 weeks. We then measured the pancreatic function and GLP-1 production. We found that glucagonemia remains modified by GSPE pre-treatment several weeks after the treatment has finished. The animals showed a higher GLP-1 response to glucose stimulation, together with a trend towards a higher GLP-1 receptor expression in the pancreas. When the GSPE treatment was administered every second week, the endocrine pancreas behaved differently. We show here that glucagon is a more sensitive parameter than insulin to GSPE treatments, with a secretion that is highly linked to GLP-1 ileal functionality and dependent on the type of treatment.
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Serrano J, Casanova-Marti À, Lobato M, Terra X, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Proanthocyanidins Limit Adipose Accrual Induced by a Cafeteria Diet, Several Weeks after the End of the Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080598. [PMID: 31398921 PMCID: PMC6723337 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose of proanthocyanidins with satiating properties proved to be able to limit body weight increase several weeks after administration under exposure to a cafeteria diet. Here we describe some of the molecular targets and the duration of the effects. We treated rats with 500 mg grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)/kg BW for ten days. Seven or seventeen weeks after the last GSPE dose, while animals were on a cafeteria diet, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA of the key energy metabolism enzymes from the liver, adipose depots and muscle. We found that a reduction in the expression of adipose Lpl might explain the lower amount of adipose tissue in rats seven weeks after the last GSPE dose. The liver showed increased expression of Cpt1a and Hmgs2 together with a reduction in Fasn and Dgat2. In addition, muscle showed a higher fatty oxidation (Oxct1 and Cpt1b mRNA). However, after seventeen weeks, there was a completely different gene expression pattern. At the conclusion of the study, seven weeks after the last GSPE administration there was a limitation in adipose accrual that might be mediated by an inhibition of the gene expression of the adipose tissue Lpl. Concomitantly there was an increase in fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngela Casanova-Marti
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Lobato
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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González-Quilen C, Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Terra X, Blay MT. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins are Able to Reverse Intestinal Dysfunction and Metabolic Endotoxemia Induced by a Cafeteria Diet in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050979. [PMID: 31035432 PMCID: PMC6567002 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological doses of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in reversing intestinal barrier alterations and local inflammation in female Wistar rats fed a long-term obesogenic diet. Animals were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF diet), supplemented with daily GSPE doses (100 or 500 mg kg−1 body weight) during the final two weeks. CAF diet enhanced the intestinal permeation of an orally administered marker (ovalbumin, OVA) and increased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in 2–3-fold. Ex vivo Ussing chamber assays showed a 55–70% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased the TNF-α secretions in both small and large intestinal sections with a 25-fold increment in the ileum. Ileal tissues also presented a 4-fold increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both GSPE-treatments were able to restitute TEER values in the ileum and colon and to reduce plasma LPS to basal levels without a dose-dependent effect. However, effects on the OVA permeation and TNF-α secretion were dose and section-specific. GSPE also reduced ileal MPO activity and upregulated claudin 1 gene expression. This study provides evidence of the efficacy of GSPE-supplementation ameliorating diet-induced intestinal dysfunction and metabolic endotoxemia when administered at the end of a long-term obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Quilen
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Terra X, Blay MT, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Target the Enteroendocrine System in Cafeteria-Diet-Fed Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800912. [PMID: 30980498 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects on the enteroendocrine system of three different grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) treatments are analyzed in rats on a cafeteria diet for 17 weeks. METHODS AND RESULTS GSPE is administered in a corrective manner (15 last days of the cafeteria diet) at two doses, 100 and 500 mg GSPE per kg bw. A third, longer treatment in which GSPE (500 mg kg-1 bw) is administered daily every other week during the 17 weeks of the cafeteria diet is also tested. Most GSPE treatments lead to ghrelin accumulation in the stomach, limited CCK secretion in the duodenum, and increased GLP-1 and PYY mRNA in colon. GSPE also increases cecal hypertrophy and reduces butyrate content. When the treatment is administered daily every other week during 17 weeks, there is also an increase in colon size. These effects are accompanied by a reduced food intake at the end of the experiment when GSPE is administered at 500 mg GSPE kg-1 during the last 15 days, but not on the other treatments, despite an observed reduction in body weight in the longer treatment. CONCLUSION GSPE modulates the enteroendocrine system in models in which it also reduces food intake or body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - MTeresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Gil-Cardoso K, Comitato R, Ginés I, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Virgili F, Terra X, Blay M. Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins in a Rat Model of Mild Intestinal Inflammation and Impaired Intestinal Permeability Induced by LPS. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800720. [PMID: 30656830 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal dysfunction consists of a defective barrier function, which allows the influx of luminal endotoxins, thus causing intestinal inflammation. Proanthocyanidins are natural bioactive compounds that could modulate intestinal dysfunction. This study analyzes the protective effects of proanthocyanidins in a rat model of intestinal dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the preventive effects of both high dietary (75 mg kg-1 body weight) and pharmacological (375 mg kg-1 body weight) oral doses of proanthocyanidins (GSPE), rat intestinal dysfunction is induced with LPS (i.p.). In vivo intestinal permeability (ovalbumin [OVA] assay) and systemic inflammation and endotoxemia (TNF-α and LPS plasma levels) are assessed. Intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress are determined using myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. Ileal gene expression of permeability/inflammatory genes is analyzed. LPS administration induces intestinal permeability, inflammation, and oxidative stress. GSPE normalizes in vivo OVA levels. In the small intestine, the GSPE treatment decreases MPO and COX-2 activities; modulates the ileum inflammatory and permeability proteins gene expression; and in the large intestine, prevents increase of ROS levels. CONCLUSIONS Proanthocyanidins, at nutritional and pharmacological doses, prevents endotoxin-induced-intestinal inflammation, permeability, and oxidative stress in rats differentially in each intestinal section. Proanthocyanidins are nutritional-therapeutic novel candidates for preventing intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Roma, 00178, Italy
| | - Iris Ginés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Robles P, Arola L, Terra X, Blay M, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Novel ex Vivo Experimental Setup to Assay the Vectorial Transepithelial Enteroendocrine Secretions of Different Intestinal Segments. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11622-11629. [PMID: 30148363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enteroendocrine system coordinates gastrointestinal (GI) tract functionality and the whole organism. However, the scarcity of enteroendocrine cells and their scattered distribution make them difficult to study. Here, we glued segments of the GI wall of pigs to a silicon tube, keeping the apical and the basolateral sides separate. The fact that there was less than 1% of 70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran on the basolateral side proved that the gluing was efficient. Since the lactate dehydrogenase leakage at basolateral side was lower than 0.1% (1.40 ± 0.17 nKatals) it proved that the tissue was viable. The intestinal barrier function was maintained as it is in segments mounted in Ussing chambers (the amount of Lucifer Yellow crossing it, was similar between them; respectively, % LY, 0.48 ± 0.13; 0.52 ± 0.09; p > 0.05). Finally, apical treatments with two different extract produced differential basolateral enterohormone secretions (basolateral PYY secretion vs control; animal extract, 0.35 ± 0.16; plant extract, 2.5 ± 0.74; p < 0.05). In conclusion, we report an ex vivo system called "Ap-to-Bas" for assaying vectorial transepithelial processes that makes it possible to work with several samples at the same time. It is an optimal device for enterohormone studies in the intestine.
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Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay M, Terra X. The co-administration of proanthocyanidins and an obesogenic diet prevents the increase in intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia derived to the diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:35-42. [PMID: 30245181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of Westernized diets leads to hyperphagia and obesity, as well as intestinal alterations. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the administration of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) at different time points on the modulation of intestinal barrier function (intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia), in rats with high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet-induced obesity. Animals were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF) supplemented with a preventive (PRE-CAF) or simultaneously intermittent (SIT-CAF) GSPE treatment (500 mg/kg bw). Changes in the plasma levels of an orally administered marker of intestinal permeability (ovalbumin, OVA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed after animals were fed the obesogenic diet for 8, 12 and 17 weeks. In addition, ex vivo variations in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the expression of tight junction (TJ) genes and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the small and large intestines were monitored at the end of the experiment. The CAF diet increased OVA, LPS, MPO and TNF-α levels, accompanied by decreased TEER values in the small and large intestines. Interestingly, both GSPE treatments prevented these detrimental effects of the CAF diet, being the SIT-CAF group the most effective after 17 weeks of diet intervention. For the first time, this study provides evidence of the ameliorative effect of a proanthocyanidin extract, administered before or together with an obesogenic diet, on barrier dysfunction, as measured by intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
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Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Arola L, Blay M, Terra X. Chronic supplementation with dietary proanthocyanidins protects from diet-induced intestinal alterations in obese rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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