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Sun S, Lan W, Ji L, Ai L, Wu Y, Zhang H. A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube ( Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244087. [PMID: 36553828 PMCID: PMC9778428 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A homogalacturonan pectin (HG, designated as WJP-F80) was extracted from the peel of winter jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Cv. Dongzao) and separated via ethanol-graded precipitation. The structural and conformational features were elucidated through HPAEC-PAD, GC-MS, 2D NMR, and HPSEC-MALLS studies. In vivo assessments were carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of WJP-F80 against CCl4-induced injury of mice. Results showed that WJP-F80 was a linear 1,4-α-galacturonan with partially methyl-esterified at O-6 of GalpA and occasionally acetylation. The Mw of WJP-F80 was determined as 45.3 kDa, the polydispersity was calculated as 1.56, and the Rg was measured as 22.7 nm in 0.1 M NaNO3. The conformational analysis revealed that WJP-F80 exhibited as rigid stiff chain in low Mw range, while aggregation by self-assembly of HG chains lead to high Mw and random coil conformation. In vivo studies indicated that WJP-F80 can protect the livers of mice from acute injury induced via CCl4 by decreasing the serum biochemical markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to normal levels. This work provides a theoretical basis for the value-added deep processing of winter jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Sun
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, China
| | - Wenzhong Lan
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, China
| | - Li Ji
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence:
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2
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A Herbal Mixture of Sesami Semen Nigrum and Longan Arillus Induces Neurite Outgrowth in Cultured Neurons and Shows Anti-Depression in Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8809546. [PMID: 35754681 PMCID: PMC9225919 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8809546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal food homology is referring to a group of food itself being considered as herbal medicine without a boundary of usage. Under the guidance of this food/medicine principle, the current study aims to develop anti-depressant from this food/medicine catalog. The herbal mixture of Sesami Semen Nigrum and Longan Arillus was evaluated in cultured PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells, rat primary cortical neurons, and in chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depressive rat model. The combination of two ethanolic extracts of Sesami Semen Nigrum and Longan Arillus in 1 : 1 ratio mimicked the function of nerve growth factor (NGF) and synergistically induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Besides, the expression and phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) of the cultured cells were also elevated. This neurotrophic activity of herbal mixture was further supported by the increased expressions of biomarkers for neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in cortical neurons. Moreover, the depressed rats were soothed by the intake of herbal mixture, showing improved performance in behavior tests, as well as reversed levels of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. Our results provide a new way to make full use of the current food/medicine resources, as to accelerate the development of therapeutics for depression.
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Zhang M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xie J. Zizyphi Spinosae Semen: a natural herb resource for treating neurological disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1379-1391. [PMID: 35578851 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220516113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders generally have the characteristics of occult onset and progressive development, which can do some serious damage to human body in the aging process. It is worth noting that traditional medicine can potentially prevent and treat such diseases. Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa it has a long clinical history for sleep regulation. In recent years, ZSS has been proved to exhibit various types of neuroprotective activity, such as sleep improvement, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, memory improvement and etc. It has become a popular natural product due to its many inherently available compounds that demonstrate medicinal and pharmacological importance. This paper reviews the main components and their metabolic transformation processes, highlights the various neurofunctional regulation activities and their mechanisms of ZSS, providing a theoretical basis for further research and clinical application of this natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jinrui Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Guo P, Zhang B, Zhao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu A, Du G. Medicine-Food Herbs against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Their Traditional Functional Features, Substance Basis, Clinical Practices and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030901. [PMID: 35164167 PMCID: PMC8839204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that currently has reached epidemic proportions among elderly populations around the world. In China, available traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that organically combine functional foods with medicinal values are named “Medicine Food Homology (MFH)”. In this review, we focused on MFH varieties for their traditional functional features, substance bases, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action (MOAs) for AD prevention and treatment. We consider the antiAD active constituents from MFH species, their effects on in vitro/in vivo AD models, and their drug targets and signal pathways by summing up the literature via a systematic electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science). In this paper, several MFH plant sources are discussed in detail from in vitro/in vivo models and methods, to MOAs. We found that most of the MFH varieties exert neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairments by inhibiting neuropathological signs (Aβ-induced toxicity, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity), including anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, antiautophagy, and antiapoptosis, etc. Indeed, some MFH substances and their related phytochemicals have a broad spectrum of activities, so they are superior to simple single-target drugs in treating chronic diseases. This review can provide significant guidance for people’s healthy lifestyles and drug development for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
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Zhuang A, Huang X, Fan S, Yao X, Zhu B, Zhang Y. One-Step Approach to Prepare Transparent Conductive Regenerated Silk Fibroin/PEDOT:PSS Films for Electroactive Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:123-137. [PMID: 34935351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF)-based electroactive biomaterials with favorable electroconductive property and transparency have great potential applications for cell culture and tissue engineering. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an excellent candidate as a conductive component, which has been widely used in the field of bioelectronics; however, it is hard to be directly coated onto the surface of regenerated SF (RSF) materials with good stability under a cell culture environment. In this study, a one-step facile PEDOT:PSS modification approach for RSF films based on a suitable post-treatment process of RSF was developed. PEDOT:PSS was successfully embedded and fixed into the shallow surface of an RSF film, forming a tightly conjunct conductive layer on the film surface based on the conformation transition of RSF during the post-treatment process. The conductive layer demonstrated a PSS-rich surface and a PEDOT-rich bulk structure and showed excellent stability under a cell culture environment. More specifically, the robust RSF/PEDOT:PSS film achieved in the post-treatment formula with 70% ethanol proportion possessed best comprehensive properties such as a sheet resistance of 3.833 × 103 Ω/square, a conductivity of 1.003 S/cm, and transmittance over 80% at maximum in the visible range. This kind of electroactive biomaterial also showed good electrochemical stability and degradable properties. Moreover, pheochromocytoma-derived cell line (PC12) cells were cultured on the RSF/PEDOT:PSS film, and an effective electrical stimulation cell response was demonstrated. The facile preparation strategy and the good electroconductive property and transparency make this RSF/PEDOT:PSS film an ideal candidate for neuronal tissue engineering and further for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Kocanci FG, Hamamcioglu B, Aslim B. The Relationship Between Neuroprotective Activity and Antigenotoxic and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Glaucium corniculatum Extracts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Alsayari A, Wahab S. Genus Ziziphus for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6897-6914. [PMID: 34866990 PMCID: PMC8626254 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and traditional medicine are rich sources for developing therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the way from natural products/traditional medicines to Western pharmaceutical practices is not always straightforward. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic diseases are the greatest threat to human health. 3 of 5 people die due to chronic inflammatory disorders worldwide like chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce inflammation and pain, but there are many side effects of these drugs' administration. Medicinal plants have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects with low or no side effects. Ziziphus plant species are generally safe and not toxic to humans. Many studies on the Ziziphus species have shown that their therapeutic properties are attributed to the roots, leaves and fruits. Unfortunately, Ziziphus species from different regions worldwide with anti-inflammatory properties have not been documented in a single review paper. Therefore, it is crucial to establish ethnobotanical knowledge and applications of Ziziphus species against chronic inflammatory diseases. The current article exhaustively reviews phytochemical profile, pharmacological studies, toxicological effects, and ethnobotanical uses of Genus Ziziphus in chronic anti-inflammatory diseases. The present review article also highlights the most promising experimental data on Ziziphus extracts and pure compounds active in clinical trials and animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases. This review would be a valuable resource for contemporary researchers in the field to understand the promising role of the Ziziphus genus in chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Lu Y, Bao T, Mo J, Ni J, Chen W. Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34128368 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a highly nutritious and functional fruit, is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide, especially in China. Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects. In this paper, the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed, and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed. As a dietary supplement, jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, dietary fiber, alkaloids, and other nutrients. These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, sedative, and antiviral functions. Of note is that new constituents, including alkaloids, dietary fiber, and other bioactive substances, as well as the antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit, are systematically reviewed here for the first time. Meanwhile, problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed. Therefore, this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianling Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingdan Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Navarrete-Yañez V, Garate-Carrillo A, Ayala M, Rodriguez-Castañeda A, Mendoza-Lorenzo P, Ceballos G, Ordoñez-Razo R, Dugar S, Schreiner G, Villarreal F, Ramirez-Sanchez I. Stimulatory effects of (-)-epicatechin and its enantiomer (+)-epicatechin on mouse frontal cortex neurogenesis markers and short-term memory: proof of concept. Food Funct 2021; 12:3504-3515. [PMID: 33900336 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03084h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of (-)-epicatechin (Epi), a cacao flavanol improves cognition. The aim was to compare the effects of (-)-Epi or its stereoisomer (+)-Epi on mouse frontal cortex-dependent short-term working memory and modulators of neurogenesis. Three-month-old male mice (n = 7 per group) were provided by gavage either water (vehicle; Veh), (-)-Epi, at 1 mg kg-1 or (+)-Epi at 0.1 mg per kg of body weight for 15 days. After treatment, spontaneous alternation was evaluated by Y-maze. Brain frontal cortex was isolated for nitrate/nitrite measurements, Western blotting for nerve growth factor (NGF), microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS) and immunohistochemistry for neuronal specific protein (NeuN), doublecortin (DCX), capillary (CD31) and neurofilaments (NF200). Results demonstrate the stimulatory capacity of (-)-Epi and (+)-Epi on markers of neuronal proliferation as per increases in immunoreactive cells for NeuN (74 and 120% respectively), DCX (70 and 124%) as well as in NGF (34.4, 63.6%) and MAP2 (41.8, 63.8%). Capillary density yielded significant increases with (-)-Epi (∼80%) vs. (+)-Epi (∼160%). CD31 protein levels increased with (-)-Epi (∼70%) and (+)-Epi (∼140%). Effects correlated with nitrate/nitrite stimulation by (-)-Epi and (+)-Epi (110.2, 246.5%) and enhanced eNOS phosphorylation (Ser1177) with (-)-Epi and (+)-Epi (21.4, 41.2%) while nNOS phosphorylation only increased with (+)-Epi (18%). Neurofilament staining was increased in (-)-Epi by 135.6 and 84% with (+)-Epi. NF200 increased with (-)-Epi (116%) vs. (+)-Epi (84.5%). Frontal cortex-dependent short-term spatial working improved with (-)-Epi and (+)-Epi (15, 13%). In conclusion, results suggest that both enantiomers, but more effectively (+)-Epi, upregulate neurogenesis markers likely through stimulation of capillary formation and NO triggering, improvements in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Navarrete-Yañez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Garate-Carrillo
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico. and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marcos Ayala
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Castañeda
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Lorenzo
- Division Academica de Ciencias Basicas, Unidad Chontalpa, Universidad Juarez, Autonoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - Rosa Ordoñez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | | | | | - Francisco Villarreal
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA and VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Israel Ramirez-Sanchez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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Khajavi Rad A, Entezari Heravi N, Kamkar-Del Y, Abbasnezhad A, Jalili-Nik M, Shafei MN, Mohebbati R. A standardized extract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill protects against adriamycin-induced liver, heart, and brain toxicity: An oxidative stress and biochemical approach. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13698. [PMID: 33694177 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the antioxidant effects of the Ziziphus jujuba Mill (Z. jujuba), we investigated the liver, heart, and brain-protective effects of this herb against toxicity induced by adriamycin (ADR). In this study, Wistar rats were divided into 1) control, 2) ADR and 3, 4, and 5) treated groups orally administrated three doses of Z. jujuba hydroalcoholic extract for 1 month. The liver, heart, and brain were removed for evaluation of the oxidative markers. Blood samples were evaluated to determine the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate transaminase, and Alanine aminotransferase. Administration of Z. jujuba significantly decreased the biochemical enzymes compared to the ADR. Oxidative condition in treated rats with different doses of Z. jujuba was improved compared to the ADR group. Z. jujuba could decrease the oxidative injury through invigoration of the tissues antioxidant system. The mentioned hepatic and cardiac parameters levels improved during extract administration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the first stage, our findings and other supplementary works have shown that administration of jujube extract has prevented the effects of histotoxicity caused by adriamycin, so it seems that in the next stage, the effects of this herbal plant on patients with tissue toxicity caused by adriamycin should be evaluated and if the results are positive in pharmacological studies, it should be used as a complementary drug in the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nazanin Entezari Heravi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasamin Kamkar-Del
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbasali Abbasnezhad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wu Z, Gao R, Li H, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zou J, Zhao B, Chen S. New insight into the joint significance of dietary jujube polysaccharides and 6-gingerol in antioxidant and antitumor activities. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33219-33234. [PMID: 35497558 PMCID: PMC9042247 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinatorial use of dietary jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and ginger play a critical role in traditional Chinese medicines, folk medicine and dietary therapy. Joint effects were investigated from the viewpoint of the antioxidant (scavenging DPPH˙) and antitumor activities (against SW620 cells) of jujube polysaccharides and ginger 6-gingerol (G6G) alone and in combination. Jujube polysaccharides were extracted, purified, and characterized, and then their inhibiting and apoptotic effects alone and in combination with G6G were evaluated by the cytological tests, including Cell Counting Kit-8, colony-forming, Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and cell cycle assays. Results showed that the purified polysaccharide fraction (ZJPs-II) with average molecular weight of 115 kDa consisted of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose, and galactose. ZJPs-II and G6G alone dose-dependently scavenged DPPH˙ and inhibited the proliferation of SW620 cells, while their combination showed synergistic interactions (all combination index < 1). The studies further demonstrated that ZJPs-II and G6G alone reduced the cell colony-formation, induced apoptosis and arrested the cell-cycle at G2/M phase, while their combination achieved better effects and significantly arrested the growth at the G0/G1 phase. Collectively, our findings suggest enhancing the intake of jujube polysaccharides and G6G in a combinatorial approach for maintaining health and preventing cancer. The combinatorial use of dietary jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and ginger play a critical role in traditional Chinese medicines, folk medicine and dietary therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Ruiping Gao
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Yongde Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
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Chen J, Tsim KWK. A Review of Edible Jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba Fruit: A Heath Food Supplement for Anemia Prevalence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:593655. [PMID: 33324222 PMCID: PMC7726020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Ziziphus jujuba, commonly known as jujube, red date or Chinese date, are taken as fresh or dried food, and as traditional medicine worldwide due to high nutritional and health values. Traditionally in China, jujube is considered as a medicinal fruit that is being used in treating blood deficiency. In this review, the beneficial effects of jujubes on the hematopoietic functions are summarized and discussed. As illustrated in cell and animal models, the application of jujube extract possessed beneficial effects, including regulation of erythropoiesis via activation of hypoxia inducible factor-induced erythropoietin, potential capacity in recycling heme iron during erythrophagocytosis and bi-directional regulation of immune response. Thus, the blood-nourishing function of jujube is being proposed here. Flavonoid, polysaccharide and triterpenoid within jujube could serve as the potential active ingredients accounting for the aforementioned health benefits. Taken together, these findings provide several lines of evidence for further development of jujube as supplementary products for prevention and/or treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Kim MJ, Jung JE, Lee S, Cho EJ, Kim HY. Effects of the fermented Zizyphus jujuba in the amyloid β 25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 15:173-186. [PMID: 33841722 PMCID: PMC8007403 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Due to the increased incidence of dementia, there is a corresponding increase concerning the importance of AD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects conferred by Zizyphus jujuba (Zj) and Zizyphus jujuba fermented by yeast (Zj-Y), on cognitive impairment in an AD mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS AD was induced by injecting amyloid beta25-35 (Aβ25-35) in ICR mice, and subsequently 200 mg/kg Zj or Zj-Y was administered daily for 14 days. The cognitive ability of AD mice was observed through behavioral experiments in T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. We subsequently measured the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in either tissues or serum. RESULTS In behavioral tests, deterioration was revealed in the short- and long-term learning and memory functions in the Aβ25-35-injected control group compared to the normal group, indicating that Aβ25-35 injection impairs cognitive functions. However, administration of Zj and Zj-Y improved cognitive function in mice, as compared to the Aβ25-35-injected control mice. In addition, the Aβ25-35 induced elevations of MDA and NO in the brain, kidney, and liver were suppressed after exposure to Zj and Zj-Y. Especially, Zj-Y showed stronger scavenging effect against MDA and NO, as compared to Zj. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study indicate that Zj-Y exerts a protective effect on cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction, which is exerted by attenuating the oxidative stress induced by Aβ25-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Zhou G, Liu M, Liu P. Variations of the nutritional composition of jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) during maturation stages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1770281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Shandong province, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Shandong province, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guangfang Zhou
- Shandong province, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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15
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Ji X, Hou C, Yan Y, Shi M, Liu Y. Comparison of structural characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1008-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Ma X, Liu X, Yang M, Fan W, Ren H, Efehi N, Wang X, Zhu X. Extraction, purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Linzexiaozao. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2138-2148. [PMID: 30021134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The extraction process, purification and characterization analyses of polysaccharides (LZJP) in Ziziphus jujuba planted in Linze County, Gansu Province were investigated, respectively. The results showed a maximum polysaccharide yield of 5.72% was achieved at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL for 90 min at 80 °C. Two homogenous acidic polysaccharides (LZJP3 and LZJP4) were purified successively by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. LZJP3 is composed of one polymer with galactose while LZJP4 is made up of two different kinds of polymers with xylose and glucose by size-exclusion chromatograph combined with multi-angle laser photometer (HPSEC-LLS) and gas chromatography (GC) analysis. LZJP3 and LZJP4 were β-pyran polysaccharides with a large number of molecular globular aggregates by FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) and AFM (Atomic force microscopy) analysis, and the surface morphology exhibited smooth and filamentous staggered extension in the form of rod-like aggregation with SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) determination. Meanwhile, LZJP3 and LZJP4 exhibited antioxidant activities against DPPH, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical and stronger reducing power in vitro with the concentration increasing. The results indicated that LZJPs were worthy of being developed further as a natural antioxidant in food and medicine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Mingjun Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nehikhare Efehi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of triterpenic acids in normal and immunosuppressed rats after oral administration of Jujubae Fructus extract by UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1077-1078:13-21. [PMID: 29413572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Jujubae Fructus) has been used as food and crude drug for thousands of years. Although several chemical and biological studies have revealed triterpenic acid as the main bioactive constituent of Jujubae Fructus responsible for immune-regulatory activity, only few pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted. To comprehend the kinetics of triterpenic acids and promote their curative application, a sensitive and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. UPLC-MS/MS was applied for the simultaneous determination of ceanothic acid, epiceanothic acid, pomonic acid, alphitolic acid, maslinic acid, betulinic acid, and betulonic acid in normal and immunosuppressed rat plasma samples. After sample preparation, chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile: methanol (1:1, v/v) and 0.5% ammonium acetate in water as mobile phase. The established method was validated and found to be specific, accurate, and precise for the seven triterpenic acids, and was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma samples. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and CLz/F) in the plasma samples of immunosuppressed rats were significantly different from those in normal rats, and might provide an insight for the clinical usage of triterpenic acids from Jujubae Fructus.
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Lam KY, Huang Y, Yao P, Wang H, Dong TT, Zhou Z, Tsim KW. Comparative Study of Different Acorus
Species in Potentiating Neuronal Differentiation in Cultured PC12 Cells. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1757-1764. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Y.C. Lam
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Yun Huang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen Guangdong Province China
| | - Tina T.X. Dong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - Karl W.K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute; Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen Guangdong Province China
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Ji X, Peng Q, Yuan Y, Shen J, Xie X, Wang M. Isolation, structures and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.): A review. Food Chem 2017; 227:349-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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A Review of Dietary Ziziphus jujuba Fruit (Jujube): Developing Health Food Supplements for Brain Protection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3019568. [PMID: 28680447 PMCID: PMC5478819 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3019568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Ziziphus jujuba, known as jujube or Chinese date, are being consumed all around the world because of their health benefits, as both food and herbal medicine. Traditionally, one of the main functions of jujube, as described in herbal medicine, is to benefit our brain by calming down the mind and improving quality of sleep. Here, the activities of jujubes on nervous system are summarized and discussed. Jujube possesses neuroprotective activities, including protecting neuronal cells against neurotoxin stress, stimulating neuronal differentiation, increasing expression of neurotrophic factors, and promoting memory and learning. Flavonoid, cAMP, and jujuboside could be the potential bioactive ingredients to account for the aforesaid biological activities. These findings imply that jujube is a potential candidate for development of health supplements for prevention and/or treatment of neurological diseases.
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Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology ofZiziphus jujubaMills. Phytother Res 2017; 31:347-365. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit; 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez Villanueva
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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22
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High-throughput chinmedomics-based prediction of effective components and targets from herbal medicine AS1350. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38437. [PMID: 27910928 PMCID: PMC5133595 DOI: 10.1038/srep38437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was designed to explore the effective components and targets of herbal medicine AS1350 and its effect on “Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome” (KYDS) based on a chinmedomics strategy which is capable of directly discovering and predicting the effective components, and potential targets, of herbal medicine. Serum samples were analysed by UPLC-MS combined with pattern recognition analysis to identify the biomarkers related to the therapeutic effects. Interestingly, the effectiveness of AS1350 against KYDS was proved by the chinmedomics method and regulated the biomarkers and targeting of metabolic disorders. Some 48 marker metabolites associated with alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, sphingolipids metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism were identified. The correlation coefficient between the constituents in vivo and the changes of marker metabolites were calculated by PCMS software and the potential effective constituents of AS1350 were also confirmed. By using chinmedomics technology, the components in AS1350 protecting against KYDS by re-balancing metabolic disorders of fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, etc. were deduced. These data indicated that the phenotypic characterisations of AS1350 altering the metabolic signatures of KYDS were multi-component, multi-pathway, multi-target, and overall regulation in nature.
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Lam KYC, Chen J, Lam CTW, Wu Q, Yao P, Dong TTX, Lin H, Tsim KWK. Asarone from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma Potentiates the Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Neuronal Differentiation in Cultured PC12 Cells: A Signaling Mediated by Protein Kinase A. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163337. [PMID: 27685847 PMCID: PMC5042514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR), the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, is being used clinically to treat neurological disorders. The volatile oil of ATR is being considered as an active ingredient. Here, α-asarone and β-asarone, accounting about 95% of ATR oil, were evaluated for its function in stimulating neurogenesis. In cultured PC12 cells, application of ATR volatile oil, α-asarone or β-asarone, stimulated the expression of neurofilaments, a bio-marker for neurite outgrowth, in a concentration-dependent manner. The co-treatment of ATR volatile oil, α-asarone or β-asarone, with low concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF) potentiated the NGF-induced neuronal differentiation in cultured PC12 cells. In addition, application of protein kinase A inhibitors, H89 and KT5720, in cultures blocked the ATR-induced neurofilament expression, as well as the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). In the potentiation of NGF-induced signaling in cultured PC12 cells, α-asarone and β-asarone showed synergistic effects. These results proposed the neurite-promoting asarone, or ATR volatile oil, could be useful in finding potential drugs for treating various neurodegenerative diseases, in which neurotrophin deficiency is normally involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Y. C. Lam
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Candy T. W. Lam
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huangquan Lin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Lee PSC, Zhang LM, Yan AL, Lam KYC, Dong TT, Lin H, Chan GKL, Tsim KWK. Indication of nerve growth factor binding components from herbal extracts by HerboChip: a platform for drug screening on a chip. Chin Med 2016; 11:34. [PMID: 27453720 PMCID: PMC4958286 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HerboChip is an array of different fractions deriving from herbal extracts. This study aimed to identify effective components from Chinese medicine (CM) that interact with nerve growth factor (NGF) as a target using HerboChip. Methods Fifty types of CM that are traditionally used as remedies for emotion imbalance were selected and extracted with 50 % ethanol. Biotinylated-NGF was hybridized with over 300 chips coated with different HPLC-separated fractions from CM extracts and straptavidin-Cy5 was used to identify the NGF-bound fractions. Results Over 300 chips were screened within a week, and 17 positive hits were identified. The interaction of the identified herbal extracts with NGF was confirmed in cultured PC12 cells. Co-application of NGF and herbal extract interfered with NGF-induced expression of neurofilaments, including NF68 and NF200 in cell cultures. Western blot analysis comparing the intensity of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) over total CREB showed NGF-induced CREB phosphorylation was modulated by the identified herbal extracts. Five CM herbs showed activating activities on the NGF response and nine CM herbs showed inhibiting activities. Conclusion The current result supported the applicability of HerboChip for screening NGF binding components from herbal extracts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0107-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Sum Chi Lee
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laura Minglu Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Artemis Lu Yan
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelly Yin Ching Lam
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huangquan Lin
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gallant Kar Lun Chan
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Lam CTW, Gong AGW, Lam KYC, Zhang LM, Chen JP, Dong TTX, Lin HQ, Tsim KWK. Jujube-containing herbal decoctions induce neuronal differentiation and the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes in cultured PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:275-283. [PMID: 27178633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Mill.), known as Jujuba Fructus (JF) or jujube, is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for blood nourishment and sedation effect. Apart from prescribing as single herb alone, JF is very often being included in multi-herbal decoctions to prolong, enhance and harmonize pharmaceutical effects of decoctions while at the same time reducing toxicity. Here, we aimed to compare the protective and differentiating activities of three chemically standardized jujube-containing decoctions, including Guizhi Tang (GZT), Neibu Dangguijianzhong Tang (NDT) and ZaoTang (ZOT) in cultured PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein expressions of neurofilaments, including NF68, NF160 and NF200, under the herbal treatment were revealed by western blot. The determination of neurite outgrowth in cultured PC12 cells upon the treatment of herbal extracts was performed by light microscope equipped with a phase-contrast condenser and SPOT imaging software. The protective effect against tBHP-induced cytotoxicity under the herbal treatment was measured by MTT assay. A luciferase reporter construct carrying four repeats of anti-oxidant response element (ARE) and a downstream luciferase reporter gene luc2P was transfected into PC12 cells to study the transcriptional activation of ARE. The mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes under the herbal treatment was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS These jujube-containing decoctions processed similar neuro-protective and brain beneficial properties. The herbal treatment induced the protein expression of neurofilaments. Neurite outgrowth was observed under the herbal treatment. In parallel, the pre-treatment of herbal extracts protected PC 12 cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the herbal treatments triggered the mRNA expressions of relevant anti-oxidation genes, i.e. glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) via the activation of anti-oxidant response element (ARE). CONCLUSION The results therefore demonstrated neuro-protective and differentiating properties of the three closely related decoctions, and which subsequently illustrated the enhancement function of jujube within a multi-herbal decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy T W Lam
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy G W Gong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelly Y C Lam
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Laura M Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huang-Quan Lin
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Guo S, Duan JA, Zhang Y, Qian D, Tang Y, Zhu Z, Wang H. Contents Changes of Triterpenic Acids, Nucleosides, Nucleobases, and Saccharides in Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Fruit During the Drying and Steaming Process. Molecules 2015; 20:22329-40. [PMID: 26703531 PMCID: PMC6332246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), a medicinal and edible plant, is widely consumed in Asian countries owing to the remarkable health activities of its fruits. To facilitate selection of the suitable processing method for jujube fruits, in this study their contents of triterpenic acids, nucleosides, nucleobases and saccharides after drying and steaming treatment were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector methods. The results showed that except for sucrose, the content levels of most analytes were increasing in the jujube fruits during drying treatment at 45 °C. The levels of cyclic nucleotides such as adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, were significantly decreased after the fruits were steamed. Therefore, owing to the bioactivities of these components for human health, the dried fruits would be the better choice as medicinal material or functional food, and dried jujube fruit should not be further steamed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Hu SQ, Cui W, Mak SH, Choi CL, Hu YJ, Li G, Tsim KWK, Pang YP, Han YF. Robust Neuritogenesis-Promoting Activity by Bis(heptyl)-Cognitin Through the Activation of alpha7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/ERK Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:520-9. [PMID: 25917415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by progressive neuronal loss in the brain, and hence, compounds that could promote neuritogenesis may have therapeutic values. In this study, the effects of bis(heptyl)-cognitin (B7C), a multifunctional dimer, on neurite outgrowth were investigated in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons. METHODS Immunocytochemical staining was used to evaluate the proneuritogenesis effects, and Western blot and short hairpin RNA assays were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS B7C (0.1-0.5 μM) induced robust neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the neurite-bearing morphology and upregulation of growth-associated protein-43 expression. In addition, B7C markedly promoted neurite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons as shown by the increase in the length of β-III-tubulin-positive neurites. Furthermore, B7C rapidly increased ERK phosphorylation. Specific inhibitors of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and MEK, but not those of p38 or JNK, blocked the neurite outgrowth as well as ERK phosphorylation induced by B7C. Most importantly, genetic depletion of α7-nAChR significantly abolished B7C-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. CONCLUSION B7C promoted neurite outgrowth through the activation of α7-nAChR/ERK pathway, which offers novel insight into the potential application of B7C in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shing-Hung Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chung-Lit Choi
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Mayo Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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28
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Yan L, Xu SL, Zhu KY, Lam KYC, Xin G, Maiwulanjiang M, Li N, Dong TTX, Lin H, Tsim KWK. Optimizing the compatibility of paired-herb in an ancient Chinese herbal decoction Kai-Xin-San in activating neurofilament expression in cultured PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:155-162. [PMID: 25560671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a well-known traditional Chinese herbal decoction, has been widely used to treat mental depression and memory loss in China. It has a combination of four herbs: Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (GR; root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.), Polygalae Radix (PR; root of Polygala tenuifolia Wild.), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR; rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott), and Poria (PO; sclerotium of Poriacocos (Schw.) Wolf), from which a pairing of two herbs was considered as paired-herb, such as the pairing of GR-PR and ATR-PO. The depression-induced neural cell loss is one of the major pathogenesis in depression. Here, an optimized KXS by changing the ratio of paired-herbs in KXS was demonstrated aiming at promoting neural cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative assessment of chemical markers in each herbal extract was determined by LC-MS. Promoters of neurofilaments, NF68 and NF200, linked with luciferase reporter gene (pNF68-Luc and pNF200-Luc) were applied in cultured pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells to study the transcriptional activation of each herbal extract. The effect of GR-PR and ATR-PO in improving NF promoter activity was analyzed by Compusyn software. The activation of PKA was indicated. RESULTS In PC12 cells, an optimized KXS named KXS1:5 having 1:5 of GR-PR:ATR-PO had greater capability in promoting the expression of neurofilament. The synergistic effect of GR-PR and ATR-PO on the improved efficiency was further determined. Moreover, the treatment of H89, a PKA inhibitor, significantly inhibited the induced NF promoter activity. CONCLUSION These results indicated an optimized KXS by optimizing the compatibility of paired-herb and this compatibility was proven to exert synergistic effect. Moreover, the underlying mechanism was mediated by a PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry L Xu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kelly Y C Lam
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guizhong Xin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huangquan Lin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Chen J, Chan PH, Lam CTW, Li Z, Lam KYC, Yao P, Dong TTX, Lin H, Lam H, Tsim KWK. Fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Jujube) at two stages of maturity: distinction by metabolic profiling and biological assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:739-744. [PMID: 25544316 DOI: 10.1021/jf5041564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba, named as jujube or Chinese date, is used as a health supplement worldwide. Two kinds of jujubes are commonly found in the market: immature jujubes eaten as fruits, and mature jujubes employed as medicinal herbs. To study the variation of jujubes at two developmental stages, we investigated their chemical and biological properties by metabolic profiling and cellular assays. In NMR profiling, the levels of 11 metabolites were measured. Statistically differences in the levels of threonine, alanine, acetate, creatine, glucose, sucrose, and formate were found between mature and immature jujubes. In parallel, their neuro-protecting and erythropoietic activities were compared. The water extract of mature jujube possessed better effect in inducing neurofilament expression than that of the immature one, while immature jujube extract performed better in activating HRE-mediated transcriptional activity. These findings suggest the maturity of jujube has to be considered when it is being used for health food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
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30
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Chen J, Yan AL, Lam KYC, Lam CTW, Li N, Yao P, Xiong A, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. A chemically standardized extract of Ziziphus jujuba fruit (Jujube) stimulates expressions of neurotrophic factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in cultured astrocytes. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1727-30. [PMID: 25066116 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill., known as jujube or Chinese date, is commonly consumed as a health supplement worldwide. To study the role of jujube in brain benefits, the expression of neurotrophic factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in the jujube-treated cultured astrocytes was determined. Application of a chemical standardized water extract of jujube in cultured astrocytes for 24 h stimulated the expressions of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in a concentration-dependent manner. The pre-treatment with H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, attenuated the jujube-induced expression of neurotrophic factors. In parallel, the treatment of jujube water extract induced the transcriptional expressions of the enzymes responsible for anti-oxidation, i.e. NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and glutathione S-transferase, in a concentration-dependent manner. These results proposed the benefits of jujube in regulating expressions of neurotrophic factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in cultured astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Chen J, Du CYQ, Lam KYC, Zhang WL, Lam CTW, Yan AL, Yao P, Lau DTW, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. The Standardized Extract of Ziziphus jujuba
Fruit (Jujube) Regulates Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Cultured Murine Macrophages: Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NF-κB Activity. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1527-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Crystal Y. Q. Du
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Kelly Y. C. Lam
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Wendy L. Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Candy T. W. Lam
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Artemis L. Yan
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - David T. W. Lau
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
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