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Li Y, Zhao W, Qian M, Wen Z, Bai W, Zeng X, Wang H, Xian Y, Dong H. Recent advances in the authentication (geographical origins, varieties and aging time) of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium): A review. Food Chem 2024; 442:138531. [PMID: 38271910 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium, CRP) has been steadily increasing worldwide due to its proven health benefits and sensory characteristics. However, the price of CRP varies widely based on its origin, variety, and aging time, which has led many manufacturers to offer inferior products by exploiting the sensory similarity of CRP, seriously undermining consumers' interests. Therefore, it is essential to identify the authenticity of the CRP. In this study, the research progress on the authenticity of CRP from different origins, years and varieties over the past 10 years and the application and prospects of the main technologies and techniques were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used methods were also summarized and compared. Mass spectrometry-based and spectroscopy-based techniques are the most commonly used methods for analyzing CRP authenticity. However, designing fast, non-destructive and green methods for identifying CRP authenticity would be the future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Min Qian
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yanping Xian
- Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Li S, Shen Y, Zheng S, Zhu Q, Cai L, Wang Y, Zhao X. ZjFAS2 is involved in the fruit coloration in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. by regulating anthocyanin accumulation. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1142757. [PMID: 36968382 PMCID: PMC10036858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit color is one of the most important traits of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). However, the differences in the pigments of different varieties of Jujube are not well studied. In addition, the genes responsible for fruit color and their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, two jujube varieties, namely "Fengmiguan" (FMG) and "Tailihong" (TLH), were considered. The metabolites from jujube fruits were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Transcriptome was used to screen anthocyanin regulatory genes. The gene function was confirmed by overexpression and transient expression experiments. The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses and subcellular localization. Yeast-two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation were used to screen and identify the interacting protein. These cultivars differed in color owing to their respective anthocyanin accumulation patterns. Three and seven types of anthocyanins were found in FMG and TLH, respectively, which played a key role in the process of fruit coloration. ZjFAS2 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation. The expression profile of ZjFAS2 exhibited its different expression trends in different tissues and varieties. Subcellular localization experiments showed that ZjFAS2 was localized to the nucleus and membrane. A total of 36 interacting proteins were identified, and the possibility of ZjFAS2 interacting with ZjSHV3 to regulate jujube fruit coloration was studied. Herein, we investigated the role of anthocyanins in the different coloring patterns of the jujube fruits and provided a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying jujube fruit coloration.
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Fazil M, Nikhat S. Therapeutic and palliative role of a Unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 297:115526. [PMID: 35843408 PMCID: PMC9281408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of 'Unnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868-1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered. AIMS OF THE STUDY We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism. METHODOLOGY We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded. OBSERVATIONS A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections. CONCLUSION The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazil
- Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute for Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, Jamia Millia Islamia Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sadia Nikhat
- Dept. of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang L, Zha M, Li S, Zong W. Changes on some quality characteristics of jujube juice with enzymatic hydrolysis prior to Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation. Food Measure. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yan M, Wang Y, Watharkar RB, Pu Y, Wu C, Lin M, Lu D, Liu M, Bao J, Xia Y. Physicochemical and antioxidant activity of fruit harvested from eight jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars at different development stages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2272. [PMID: 35145206 PMCID: PMC8831640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jujube is a crop highly resistant to drought and salinity, making it one of the main fruit trees in Xinjiang. The present study evaluated the changes in the physicochemical and antioxidant activities of jujube fruit of eight different cultivars from Xinjiang, China. The developmental stages were selected according to the days after full bloom and fruit peel colour during ripening; these stages included young (S1), fruit core-hardening (S2), green ripening (S3), half-red maturity (S4) and complete red. In present study, different cultivars of jujube fruit showed similar chemical profiles, but their amounts showed great variation. HZ had the highest content of sugars, and JY had the highest content of cAMP and cGMP, while relatively higher levels of ascorbic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, proanthocyanidin and antioxidant activity were found in ‘FS’ than in other cultivars, indicating that ‘FS’ could be used as a potential natural antioxidant. Regarding the development stages of jujube fruit, the moisture, ascorbic acid, total polyphenol, catechin, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin and rutin contents decreased during the development of all jujube cultivars, while the fructose, glucose, sucrose, cAMP, and cGMP contents greatly increased. The antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging decreased as the fruits matured. Therefore, the results suggest that green jujube (S1) could be used for natural antioxidants (catechin, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin) and that the advanced ripening stage(S5) is the proper picking period for fresh fruit and commercial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ritesh Balaso Watharkar
- College of Management, Agri and Food Management, MIT-Art Design and Technology University, Loni-Kalbhor, Rajbaugh, Solapur-Pune Highway, Pune, Maharashtra, 412201, India
| | - Yunfeng Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China. .,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China. .,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Minjuan Lin
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dengyang Lu
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingkai Bao
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yilei Xia
- College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
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Lu Y, Bao T, Mo J, Ni J, Chen W. Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34128368 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a highly nutritious and functional fruit, is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide, especially in China. Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects. In this paper, the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed, and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed. As a dietary supplement, jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, dietary fiber, alkaloids, and other nutrients. These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, sedative, and antiviral functions. Of note is that new constituents, including alkaloids, dietary fiber, and other bioactive substances, as well as the antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit, are systematically reviewed here for the first time. Meanwhile, problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed. Therefore, this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianling Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingdan Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Spricigo PC, Correia BSB, Borba KR, Taver IB, Machado GO, Wilhelms RZ, Queiroz Junior LHK, Jacomino AP, Colnago LA. Classical Food Quality Attributes and the Metabolic Profile of Cambuci, a Native Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:3613. [PMID: 34204744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cambuci is a native Brazilian fruit from the Atlantic Forest biome. A soft and astringent pulp, a green color, and a sweet aroma are its main characteristics. Classical food quality attributes (fresh fruit mass, fruit height, diameters, total soluble solid, titratable acidity, and ratio) and the metabolic profile from ten accessions from three different locations were analyzed herein by analytical methods (refractometry and neutralization titration) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Concerning sugar content, sucrose was the predominant compound, with glucose and fructose alternating in second, depending on the accession. Citric acid was the most relevant acid, followed by shikimic and quinic acids in quite variable amounts. These three main acids vary in amounts for each accession. Ascorbic acid content emerges as an important quality attribute and makes this fruit nutritionally attractive, due to values comparable to those contained in citric fruits. The main amino acids identified in cambuci were glutamic acid individually or in comprising the tripeptide glutathione (glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine). The quality diversity of the evaluated accessions suggests the potentiality of cambuci use in future breeding programs.
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Chen J, Tsim KWK. A Review of Edible Jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba Fruit: A Heath Food Supplement for Anemia Prevalence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:593655. [PMID: 33324222 PMCID: PMC7726020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Ziziphus jujuba, commonly known as jujube, red date or Chinese date, are taken as fresh or dried food, and as traditional medicine worldwide due to high nutritional and health values. Traditionally in China, jujube is considered as a medicinal fruit that is being used in treating blood deficiency. In this review, the beneficial effects of jujubes on the hematopoietic functions are summarized and discussed. As illustrated in cell and animal models, the application of jujube extract possessed beneficial effects, including regulation of erythropoiesis via activation of hypoxia inducible factor-induced erythropoietin, potential capacity in recycling heme iron during erythrophagocytosis and bi-directional regulation of immune response. Thus, the blood-nourishing function of jujube is being proposed here. Flavonoid, polysaccharide and triterpenoid within jujube could serve as the potential active ingredients accounting for the aforementioned health benefits. Taken together, these findings provide several lines of evidence for further development of jujube as supplementary products for prevention and/or treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Feng Z, Gao Z, Jiao X, Shi J, Wang R. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis of active compounds at different maturity stages of ‘Hupingzao’ jujube. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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CHEN K, FAN D, FU B, ZHOU J, LI H. Comparison of physical and chemical composition of three chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars cultivated in four districts of Xinjiang region in China. Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.11118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai CHEN
- Xinjiang Agriculture University, China
| | - Dingyu FAN
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Bing FU
- Xinjiang Agriculture University, China
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Guo J, Yan Y, Wang M, Wu Y, Liu SQ, Chen D, Lu Y. Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the chemical constituents in jujube alcoholic beverage fermented with Torulaspora delbrueckii. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang L, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen F, Wang X. Characterization of aroma-impact compounds in dry jujubes (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). International Journal of Food Properties 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1273234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiancai Zhu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology; Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Zhu J, Xiao Z. Characterization of the Major Odor-Active Compounds in Dry Jujube Cultivars by Application of Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry and Odor Activity Value. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:7722-7734. [PMID: 29790345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The volatile compounds of jujube ( Ziziphus jujube Mill.) puree obtained from three cultivars, 'Jinsixiaozao' (Y1), 'Youzao' (Y2), and 'Yuzao' (Y3), were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-flame photometric detection, and a nitrogen phosphorus detector. The results showed that a total of 37, 37, and 35 odor-active compounds were identified by GC-O in samples of Y1, Y2, and Y3, respectively. In addition, the odor activity value (OAV) was used to determine the important compounds. The results demonstrated that hexanal (OAV of 39-85), ( E)-2-octenal (OAV of 32-70), β-damascenone (OAV of 14-49), ethyl hexanoate (OAV of 22-39), 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (OAV of 17-24), and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (OAV of 17-22) were key odor-active compounds. It is of great significance to develop high-grade jujube food by determining key odor-active compounds. Furthermore, four volatiles (hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-mercapohexyl acetate, and benzaldehyde) reduced the overall threshold value by 2.36, 1.01, 1.34, and 1.19, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zuobing Xiao
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Aljabali AAA, Akkam Y, Al Zoubi MS, Al-Batayneh KM, Al-Trad B, Abo Alrob O, Alkilany AM, Benamara M, Evans DJ. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Ziziphus zizyphus and their Antimicrobial Activity. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8030174. [PMID: 29562669 PMCID: PMC5869665 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: There is a growing need for the development of new methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The interest in such particles has raised concerns about the environmental safety of their production methods; (2) Objectives: The current methods of nanoparticle production are often expensive and employ chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment, which calls for the development of “greener” protocols. Herein we describe the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts, which offers an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method to produce well-defined geometries of nanoparticles; (3) Methods: The phytochemicals present in the aqueous leaf extract acted as an effective reducing agent. The generated AuNPs were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Atomic Force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA); (4) Results and Conclusions: The prepared nanoparticles were found to be biocompatible and exhibited no antimicrobial or antifungal effect, deeming the particles safe for various applications in nanomedicine. TGA analysis revealed that biomolecules, which were present in the plant extract, capped the nanoparticles and acted as stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O.BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Yazan Akkam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O.BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Khalid M Al-Batayneh
- Department of Biological Science, Yarmouk University, P.O.BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Science, Yarmouk University, P.O.BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Osama Abo Alrob
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O.BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Alaaldin M Alkilany
- School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Aljubeiha, Amman, Jordan 11942, Jordan.
| | - Mourad Benamara
- Institute for Nanoscience, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - David J Evans
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Ji X, Peng Q, Yuan Y, Shen J, Xie X, Wang M. Isolation, structures and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.): A review. Food Chem 2017; 227:349-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chen J, Liu X, Li Z, Qi A, Yao P, Zhou Z, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. A Review of Dietary Ziziphus jujuba Fruit (Jujube): Developing Health Food Supplements for Brain Protection. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017:3019568. [PMID: 28680447 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3019568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Ziziphus jujuba, known as jujube or Chinese date, are being consumed all around the world because of their health benefits, as both food and herbal medicine. Traditionally, one of the main functions of jujube, as described in herbal medicine, is to benefit our brain by calming down the mind and improving quality of sleep. Here, the activities of jujubes on nervous system are summarized and discussed. Jujube possesses neuroprotective activities, including protecting neuronal cells against neurotoxin stress, stimulating neuronal differentiation, increasing expression of neurotrophic factors, and promoting memory and learning. Flavonoid, cAMP, and jujuboside could be the potential bioactive ingredients to account for the aforesaid biological activities. These findings imply that jujube is a potential candidate for development of health supplements for prevention and/or treatment of neurological diseases.
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Sharma S, Shrivastava N. Renaissance in phytomedicines: promising implications of NGS technologies. Planta 2016; 244:19-38. [PMID: 27002972 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plant research is growing significantly in faith to discover new and more biologically compatible phytomedicines. Deposition of huge genome/trancriptome sequence data assisted by NGS technologies has revealed the new possibilities for producing upgraded bioactive molecules in medicinal plants. Growing interest of investors and consumers in the herbal drugs raises the need for extensive research to open the facts and details of every inch of life canvas of medicinal plants to produce improved quality of phytomedicines. As in agriculture crops, knowledge emergence from medicinal plant's genome/transcriptome, can be used to assure their amended quality and these improved varieties are then transported to the fields for cultivation. Genome studies generate huge sequence data which can be exploited further for obtaining information regarding genes/gene clusters involved in biosynthesis as well as regulation. This can be achieved rapidly at a very large scale with NGS platforms. Identification of new RNA molecules has become possible, which can lead to the discovery of novel compounds. Sequence information can be combined with advanced phytochemical and bioinformatics tools to discover functional herbal drugs. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of small RNA species put a light on the regulatory aspect of biosynthetic pathways for phytomedicines. Inter or intra genomic as well as transcriptomic interactive processes for biosynthetic pathways can be elucidated in depth. Quality management of herbal material will also become rapid and high throughput. Enrichment of sequence information will be used to engineer the plants to get more efficient phytopharmaceuticals. The present review comprises of role of NGS technologies to boost genomic studies of pharmaceutically important plants and further, applications of sequence information aiming to produce enriched phytomedicines. Emerging knowledge from the medicinal plants genome/transcriptome can give birth to deep understanding of the processes responsible for biosynthesis of medicinally important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sharma
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Sarkhej - Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Sarkhej - Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Lam CT, Chan PH, Lee PS, Lau KM, Kong AY, Gong AG, Xu ML, Lam KY, Dong TT, Lin H, Tsim KW. Chemical and biological assessment of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba )-containing herbal decoctions: Induction of erythropoietin expression in cultures. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:254-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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