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Golovina A, Proia E, Fiorentino F, Yunin M, Kasatkina M, Zigangirova N, Soloveva A, Sysolyatina E, Ermolaeva S, Novikov R, Silonov S, Pushkin S, Mladenović M, Isakova J, Belik A, Nawrozkij M, Rotili D, Ragno R, Ivanov R. (Heteroarylmethyl)benzoic Acids as a New Class of Bacterial Cystathionine γ-Lyase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2127-2150. [PMID: 38771206 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global health threats. Therefore, there is a need to develop antimicrobial agents with new mechanisms of action. Targeting of bacterial cystathionine γ-lyase (bCSE), an enzyme essential for bacterial survival, is a promising approach to overcome antibiotic resistance. Here, we described a series of (heteroarylmethyl)benzoic acid derivatives and evaluated their ability to inhibit bCSE or its human ortholog hCSE using known bCSE inhibitor NL2 as a lead compound. Derivatives bearing the 6-bromoindole group proved to be the most active, with IC50 values in the midmicromolar range, and highly selective for bCSE over hCSE. Furthermore, none of these compounds showed significant toxicity to HEK293T cells. The obtained data were rationalized by ligand-based and structure-based molecular modeling analyses. The most active compounds were also found to be an effective adjunct to several widely used antibacterial agents against clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant strains of such bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most potent compounds, 3h and 3i, also showed a promising in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile. Finally, compound 3i manifested potentiating activity in pneumonia, sepsis, and infected-wound in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Golovina
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Eleonora Proia
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5 , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maxim Yunin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Maria Kasatkina
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Nailya Zigangirova
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Soloveva
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Sysolyatina
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ermolaeva
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Novikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St. , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei Silonov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue , St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Sergei Pushkin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12 , Kragujevac 34000, P.O. Box 60, Serbia
| | - Julia Isakova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Albina Belik
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Maxim Nawrozkij
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5 , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
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Smith MD, Darryl Quarles L, Demerdash O, Smith JC. Drugging the entire human proteome: Are we there yet? Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103891. [PMID: 38246414 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Each of the ∼20,000 proteins in the human proteome is a potential target for compounds that bind to it and modify its function. The 3D structures of most of these proteins are now available. Here, we discuss the prospects for using these structures to perform proteome-wide virtual HTS (VHTS). We compare physics-based (docking) and AI VHTS approaches, some of which are now being applied with large databases of compounds to thousands of targets. Although preliminary proteome-wide screens are now within our grasp, further methodological developments are expected to improve the accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micholas Dean Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; ORRxD LLC, 3404 Olney Drive, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Omar Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Szél V, Zsidó BZ, Jeszenői N, Hetényi C. Target-ligand binding affinity from single point enthalpy calculation and elemental composition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31714-31725. [PMID: 37964670 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Reliable target-ligand binding thermodynamics data are essential for successful drug design and molecular engineering projects. Besides experimental methods, a number of theoretical approaches have been introduced for the generation of binding thermodynamics data. However, available approaches often neglect electronic effects or explicit water molecules influencing target-ligand interactions. To handle electronic effects within a reasonable time frame, we introduce a fast calculator QMH-L using a single target-ligand complex structure pre-optimized at the molecular mechanics level. QMH-L is composed of the semi-empirical quantum mechanics calculation of binding enthalpy with predicted explicit water molecules at the complex interface, and a simple descriptor based on the elemental composition of the ligand. QMH-L estimates the target-ligand binding free energy with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.94 kcal mol-1. The calculations also provide binding enthalpy values and they were compared with experimental binding thermodynamics data collected from the most reliable isothermal titration calorimetry studies of systems including various protein targets and challenging, large peptide ligands with a molecular weight of up to 2-3 thousand. The single point enthalpy calculations of QMH-L require modest computational resources and are based on short runs with open source and/or free software like Gromacs, Mopac, MobyWat, and Fragmenter. QMH-L can be applied for fast, automated scoring of drug candidates during a virtual screen, enthalpic engineering of new ligands or thermodynamic explanation of complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Szél
- Pharmacoinformatics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Pharmacoinformatics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Jeszenői
- Pharmacoinformatics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Pharmacoinformatics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Karlov DS, Long SL, Zeng X, Xu F, Lal K, Cao L, Hayoun K, Lin J, Joyce SA, Tikhonova IG. Characterization of the mechanism of bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity by experimental and computational analyses. Structure 2023; 31:629-638.e5. [PMID: 36963397 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) are currently being investigated as target enzymes for metabolic regulators in humans and as growth promoters in farm animals. Understanding structural features underlying substrate specificity is necessary for inhibitor design. Here, we used a multidisciplinary workflow including mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, molecular dynamic simulations, machine learning, and crystallography to demonstrate substrate specificity in Lactobacillus salivarius BSH, the most abundant enzyme in human and farm animal intestines. We show the preference of substrates with a taurine head and a dehydroxylated sterol ring for hydrolysis. A regression model that correlates the relative rates of hydrolysis of various substrates in various enzyme mutants with the residue-substrate interaction energies guided the identification of structural determinants of substrate binding and specificity. In addition, we found T208 from another BSH protomer regulating the hydrolysis. The designed workflow can be used for fast and comprehensive characterization of enzymes with a broad range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Karlov
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sarah L Long
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fuzhou Xu
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Kanhaya Lal
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Karim Hayoun
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Irina G Tikhonova
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK.
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Szwabowski GL, Baker DL, Parrill AL. Application of computational methods for class A GPCR Ligand discovery. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108434. [PMID: 36841204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are integral membrane proteins of considerable interest as targets for drug development due to their role in transmitting cellular signals in a multitude of biological processes. Of the six classes categorizing GPCR (A, B, C, D, E, and F), class A contains the largest number of therapeutically relevant GPCR. Despite their importance as drug targets, many challenges exist for the discovery of novel class A GPCR ligands serving as drug precursors. Though knowledge of the structural and functional characteristics of GPCR has grown significantly over the past 20 years, a large portion of GPCR lack reported, experimentally determined structures. Furthermore, many GPCR have no known endogenous and/or synthetic ligands, limiting further exploration of their biochemical, cellular, and physiological roles. While many successes in GPCR ligand discovery have resulted from experimental high-throughput screening, computational methods have played an increasingly important role in GPCR ligand identification in the past decade. Here we discuss computational techniques applied to GPCR ligand discovery. This review summarizes class A GPCR structure/function and provides an overview of many obstacles currently faced in GPCR ligand discovery. Furthermore, we discuss applications and recent successes of computational techniques used to predict GPCR structure as well as present a summary of ligand- and structure-based methods used to identify potential GPCR ligands. Finally, we discuss computational hit list generation and refinement and provide comprehensive workflows for GPCR ligand identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel L Baker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Abby L Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
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6
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Proia E, Ragno A, Antonini L, Sabatino M, Mladenovič M, Capobianco R, Ragno R. Ligand-based and structure-based studies to develop predictive models for SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors through the 3d-qsar.com portal. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:483-505. [PMID: 35716228 PMCID: PMC9206107 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-Cov-2 is the essential enzyme for maturation of functional proteins implicated in viral replication and transcription. The peculiarity of its specific cleavage site joint with its high degree of conservation among all coronaviruses promote it as an attractive target to develop broad-spectrum inhibitors, with high selectivity and tolerable safety profile. Herein is reported a combination of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3-D QSAR) and comparative molecular binding energy (COMBINE) analysis to build robust and predictive ligand-based and structure-based statistical models, respectively. Models were trained on experimental binding poses of co-crystallized Mpro-inhibitors and validated on available literature data. By means of deep optimization both models' goodness and robustness reached final statistical values of r2/q2 values of 0.97/0.79 and 0.93/0.79 for the 3-D QSAR and COMBINE approaches respectively, and an overall predictiveness values of 0.68 and 0.57 for the SDEPPRED and AAEP metrics after application to a test set of 60 compounds covered by the training set applicability domain. Despite the different nature (ligand-based and structure-based) of the employed methods, their outcome fully converged. Furthermore, joint ligand- and structure-based structure-activity relationships were found in good agreement with nirmatrelvir chemical features properties, a novel oral Mpro-inhibitor that has recently received U.S. FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) for the oral treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infected patients. The obtained results will guide future rational design and/or virtual screening campaigns with the aim of discovering new potential anti-coronavirus lead candidates, minimizing both time and financial resources. Moreover, as most of calculation were performed through the well-established web portal 3d-qsar.com the results confirm the portal as a useful tool for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Proia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Ragno
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Milan Mladenovič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Roberto Capobianco
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sony AI, Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Using diverse potentials and scoring functions for the development of improved machine-learned models for protein-ligand affinity and docking pose prediction. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:1095-1123. [PMID: 34708263 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of computational drug discovery holds the promise of significantly reducing the effort of experimentalists, along with monetary cost. More generally, predicting the binding of small organic molecules to biological macromolecules has far-reaching implications for a range of problems, including metabolomics. However, problems such as predicting the bound structure of a protein-ligand complex along with its affinity have proven to be an enormous challenge. In recent years, machine learning-based methods have proven to be more accurate than older methods, many based on simple linear regression. Nonetheless, there remains room for improvement, as these methods are often trained on a small set of features, with a single functional form for any given physical effect, and often with little mention of the rationale behind choosing one functional form over another. Moreover, it is not entirely clear why one machine learning method is favored over another. In this work, we endeavor to undertake a comprehensive effort towards developing high-accuracy, machine-learned scoring functions, systematically investigating the effects of machine learning method and choice of features, and, when possible, providing insights into the relevant physics using methods that assess feature importance. Here, we show synergism among disparate features, yielding adjusted R2 with experimental binding affinities of up to 0.871 on an independent test set and enrichment for native bound structures of up to 0.913. When purely physical terms that model enthalpic and entropic effects are used in the training, we use feature importance assessments to probe the relevant physics and hopefully guide future investigators working on this and other computational chemistry problems.
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Pei J, Song LF, Merz KM. FFENCODER-PL: Pair Wise Energy Descriptors for Protein-Ligand Pose Selection. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6647-6657. [PMID: 34553938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scoring functions are the essential component in molecular docking methods. An accurate scoring function is expected to distinguish the native ligand pose from decoy poses. Our previous experience (Pei et al. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2019, 59 (7), 3305-3315) proved that combining the random forest (RF) algorithm with knowledge-based potential functions can emphasize germane pair wise interactions and improve the performance of original knowledge-based potential functions on protein-ligand decoy detection. One of the most important potential function classes is the force field (FF) potential with one example being the Amber collection of FFs, which are widely available in the AMBER suite of simulation programs. However, for use in RF modeling studies, one needs pair wise energies that are hard to directly extract from Amber. To address this issue, FFENCODER-PL was constructed to calculate the pair wise energies based on the FF14SB and GAFF2 FFs in Amber. FFENCODER-PL was validated using 275 ligand and 21 protein-ligand structures. RF models were built by combining an RF classification algorithm with the pair wise energies calculated from FFENCODER-PL. CASF-2016 (Su et al. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2019, 59, 895-913) was employed to test the performance of the resultant RF models, which outperformed 33 scoring functions on accuracy and native ranking tests. For the best decoy RMSD test, RF models give a best decoy with an RMSD of around 2 Å from the native pose after including the best decoy-decoy comparisons in the RF model. The relative importance of the RF algorithm and force field potentials was also tested with the results suggesting that both the RF algorithm and force field potentials are important and combining them is the only way to achieve high accuracy. Finally, FFENCODER-PL makes force field-based pair wise energies available for further development of machine learning-based scoring functions. The codes and data used in this paper can be found at https://github.com/JunPei000/Amber_protein_ligand_encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lin Frank Song
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kenneth M Merz
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Titov IY, Stroylov VS, Rusina P, Svitanko IV. Preliminary modelling as the first stage of targeted organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to present a classification and applicability analysis of methods for preliminary molecular modelling for targeted organic, catalytic and biocatalytic synthesis. The following three main approaches are considered as a primary classification of the methods: modelling of the target – ligand coordination without structural information on both the target and the resulting complex; calculations based on experimentally obtained structural information about the target; and dynamic simulation of the target – ligand complex and the reaction mechanism with calculation of the free energy of the reaction. The review is meant for synthetic chemists to be used as a guide for building an algorithm for preliminary modelling and synthesis of structures with specified properties.
The bibliography includes 353 references.
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Nunes-Alves A, Ormersbach F, Wade RC. Prediction of the Drug-Target Binding Kinetics for Flexible Proteins by Comparative Binding Energy Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3708-3721. [PMID: 34197096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing consensus that the optimization of the kinetic parameters for drug-protein binding leads to improved drug efficacy. Therefore, computational methods have been developed to predict kinetic rates and to derive quantitative structure-kinetic relationships (QSKRs). Many of these methods are based on crystal structures of ligand-protein complexes. However, a drawback is that each ligand-protein complex is usually treated as having a single structure. Here, we present a modification of COMparative BINding Energy (COMBINE) analysis, which uses the structures of ligand-protein complexes to predict binding parameters. We introduce the option of using multiple structures to describe each ligand-protein complex in COMBINE analysis and apply this to study the effects of protein flexibility on the derivation of dissociation rate constants (koff) for inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, which has a flexible binding site. Multiple structures were obtained for each ligand-protein complex by performing docking to an ensemble of protein configurations obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Coefficients to scale ligand-protein interaction energies determined from energy-minimized structures of ligand-protein complexes were obtained by partial least squares regression, and they allowed for the computation of koff values. The QSKR model obtained using single, energy-minimized crystal structures for each ligand-protein complex had higher predictive power than the QSKR model obtained with multiple structures from ensemble docking. However, incorporation of ligand-protein flexibility helped to highlight additional ligand-protein interactions that lead to longer residence times, such as interactions with residues Arg67 and Asp168, which are close to the ligand in many crystal structures. These results show that COMBINE analysis is a promising method to guide the design of compounds that bind to flexible proteins with improved binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Nunes-Alves
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Ormersbach
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hasan MK, Kamruzzaman M, Bin Manjur OH, Mahmud A, Hussain N, Alam Mondal MS, Hosen MI, Bello M, Rahman A. Structural analogues of existing anti-viral drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase: A computational hierarchical investigation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06435. [PMID: 33693066 PMCID: PMC7934700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a pandemic, resulting in an exponentially increased mortality globally and scientists all over the world are struggling to find suitable solutions to combat it. Multiple repurposed drugs have already been in several clinical trials or recently completed. However, none of them shows any promising effect in combating COVID-19. Therefore, developing an effective drug is an unmet global need. RdRp (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) plays a pivotal role in viral replication. Therefore, it is considered as a prime target of drugs that may treat COVID-19. In this study, we have screened a library of compounds, containing approved RdRp inhibitor drugs that were or in use to treat other viruses (favipiravir, sofosbuvir, ribavirin, lopinavir, tenofovir, ritonavir, galidesivir and remdesivir) and their structural analogues, in order to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Extensive screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics show that five structural analogues have notable inhibitory effects against RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, comparative protein-antagonists interaction revealed that these compounds fit well in the pocket of RdRp. ADMET analysis of these compounds suggests their potency as drug candidates. Our identified compounds may serve as potential therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Omar Hamza Bin Manjur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Araf Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Ismail Hosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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12
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Ganotra GK, Nunes-Alves A, Wade RC. A Protocol to Use Comparative Binding Energy Analysis to Estimate Drug-Target Residence Time. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2266:171-186. [PMID: 33759127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1209-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative Binding Energy (COMBINE) analysis is an approach for deriving a target-specific scoring function to compute binding free energy, drug-binding kinetics, or a related property by exploiting the information contained in the three-dimensional structures of receptor-ligand complexes. Here, we describe the process of setting up and running COMBINE analysis to derive a Quantitative Structure-Kinetics Relationship (QSKR) for the dissociation rate constants (koff) of inhibitors of a drug target. The derived QSKR model can be used to estimate residence times (τ, τ=1/koff) for similar inhibitors binding to the same target, and it can also help to identify key receptor-ligand interactions that distinguish inhibitors with short and long residence times. Herein, we demonstrate the protocol for the application of COMBINE analysis on a dataset of 70 inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) belonging to 11 different chemical classes. The procedure is generally applicable to any drug target with known structural information on its complexes with inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K Ganotra
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariane Nunes-Alves
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Amangeldiuly N, Karlov D, Fedorov MV. Baseline Model for Predicting Protein–Ligand Unbinding Kinetics through Machine Learning. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:5946-5956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurlybek Amangeldiuly
- Center for Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitry Karlov
- Center for Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Fedorov
- Center for Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K
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14
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Nitta F, Kaneko H. Two- and Three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship Models Based on Conformer Structures. Mol Inform 2020; 40:e2000123. [PMID: 32893463 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In three-dimensional (3D)-quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, the chemical structure of a studied molecule is typically optimized assuming its presence in a vacuum environment. However, in practical scenarios, the environment of even the most stable molecules contains water, proteins, and other species; therefore, their actual structures significantly differ from those in vacuum and have multiple structures. Herein, both two-dimensional and 3D molecular descriptors, which accepted the existence of multiple conformers, were calculated, and a conformer-based 3D-QSAR model (C3D-QSAR) that considered the chemical structures of conformers was developed. The prediction accuracy of the C3D-QSAR method determined by analyzing the data sets obtained for the angiotensin-converting enzyme and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors was found to be higher than those of the existing QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Nitta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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15
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Olotu FA, Agoni C, Soremekun O, Soliman MES. The recent application of 3D-QSAR and docking studies to novel HIV-protease inhibitor drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1095-1110. [PMID: 32692273 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1773428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of FDA approved inhibitors of HIV protease, numerous efforts are still ongoing to achieve 'near-perfect' drugs devoid of characteristic adverse side effects, toxicities, and mutational resistance. While experimental methods have been plagued with huge consumption of time and resources, there has been an incessant shift towards the use of computational simulations in HIV protease inhibitor drug discovery. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the numerous applications of 3D-QSAR modeling methods over recent years relative to the design of new HIV protease inhibitors from a series of experimentally derived compounds. Also, the augmentative contributions of molecular docking are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Efforts to optimize 3D QSAR and molecular docking for HIV-1 drug discovery are ongoing, which could further incorporate inhibitor motions at the active site using molecular dynamics parameters. Also, highly predictive machine learning algorithms such as random forest, K-means, decision trees, linear regression, hierarchical clustering, and Bayesian classifiers could be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban, 4001, South Africa
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16
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Kumar SP, Patel CN, Rawal RM, Pandya HA. Energetic contributions of amino acid residues and its cross‐talk to delineate ligand‐binding mechanism. Proteins 2020; 88:1207-1225. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chirag N. Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics, and Climate Change Impacts ManagementUniversity School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Himanshu A. Pandya
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics, and Climate Change Impacts ManagementUniversity School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
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17
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Nguyen DD, Gao K, Wang M, Wei GW. MathDL: mathematical deep learning for D3R Grand Challenge 4. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:131-147. [PMID: 31734815 PMCID: PMC7376411 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-019-00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present the performances of our mathematical deep learning (MathDL) models for D3R Grand Challenge 4 (GC4). This challenge involves pose prediction, affinity ranking, and free energy estimation for beta secretase 1 (BACE) as well as affinity ranking and free energy estimation for Cathepsin S (CatS). We have developed advanced mathematics, namely differential geometry, algebraic graph, and/or algebraic topology, to accurately and efficiently encode high dimensional physical/chemical interactions into scalable low-dimensional rotational and translational invariant representations. These representations are integrated with deep learning models, such as generative adversarial networks (GAN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for pose prediction and energy evaluation, respectively. Overall, our MathDL models achieved the top place in pose prediction for BACE ligands in Stage 1a. Moreover, our submissions obtained the highest Spearman correlation coefficient on the affinity ranking of 460 CatS compounds, and the smallest centered root mean square error on the free energy set of 39 CatS molecules. It is worthy to mention that our method on docking pose predictions has significantly improved from our previous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Duy Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kaifu Gao
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Menglun Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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18
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Moumbock AF, Li J, Mishra P, Gao M, Günther S. Current computational methods for predicting protein interactions of natural products. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1367-1376. [PMID: 31762960 PMCID: PMC6861622 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are an indispensable source of drugs and they have a better coverage of the pharmacological space than synthetic compounds, owing to their high structural diversity. The prediction of their interaction profiles with druggable protein targets remains a major challenge in modern drug discovery. Experimental (off-)target predictions of NPs are cost- and time-consuming, whereas computational methods, on the other hand, are much faster and cheaper. As a result, computational predictions are preferentially used in the first instance for NP profiling, prior to experimental validations. This review covers recent advances in computational approaches which have been developed to aid the annotation of unknown drug-target interactions (DTIs), by focusing on three broad classes, namely: ligand-based, target-based, and target-ligand-based (hybrid) approaches. Computational DTI prediction methods have the potential to significantly advance the discovery and development of novel selective drugs exhibiting minimal side effects. We highlight some inherent caveats of these methods which must be overcome to enable them to realize their full potential, and a future outlook is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Vucicevic J, Nikolic K, Mitchell JB. Rational Drug Design of Antineoplastic Agents Using 3D-QSAR, Cheminformatic, and Virtual Screening Approaches. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3874-3889. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170712115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:Computer-Aided Drug Design has strongly accelerated the development of novel antineoplastic agents by helping in the hit identification, optimization, and evaluation.Results:Computational approaches such as cheminformatic search, virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and dynamics have been developed and applied to explain the activity of bioactive molecules, design novel agents, increase the success rate of drug research, and decrease the total costs of drug discovery. Similarity, searches and virtual screening are used to identify molecules with an increased probability to interact with drug targets of interest, while the other computational approaches are applied for the design and evaluation of molecules with enhanced activity and improved safety profile.Conclusion:In this review are described the main in silico techniques used in rational drug design of antineoplastic agents and presented optimal combinations of computational methods for design of more efficient antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelica Vucicevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - John B.O. Mitchell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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20
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Pei J, Zheng Z, Kim H, Song LF, Walworth S, Merz MR, Merz KM. Random Forest Refinement of Pairwise Potentials for Protein–Ligand Decoy Detection. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3305-3315. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lin Frank Song
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sarah Walworth
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Margaux R. Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Merz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Cyber Enabled Research, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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21
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Bio-inspired optimization for the molecular docking problem: State of the art, recent results and perspectives. Appl Soft Comput 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Kokh DB, Kaufmann T, Kister B, Wade RC. Machine Learning Analysis of τRAMD Trajectories to Decipher Molecular Determinants of Drug-Target Residence Times. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:36. [PMID: 31179286 PMCID: PMC6543870 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-target residence times can impact drug efficacy and safety, and are therefore increasingly being considered during lead optimization. For this purpose, computational methods to predict residence times, τ, for drug-like compounds and to derive structure-kinetic relationships are desirable. A challenge for approaches based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is the fact that drug residence times are typically orders of magnitude longer than computationally feasible simulation times. Therefore, enhanced sampling methods are required. We recently reported one such approach: the τRAMD procedure for estimating relative residence times by performing a large number of random acceleration MD (RAMD) simulations in which ligand dissociation occurs in times of about a nanosecond due to the application of an additional randomly oriented force to the ligand. The length of the RAMD simulations is used to deduce τ. The RAMD simulations also provide information on ligand egress pathways and dissociation mechanisms. Here, we describe a machine learning approach to systematically analyze protein-ligand binding contacts in the RAMD trajectories in order to derive regression models for estimating τ and to decipher the molecular features leading to longer τ values. We demonstrate that the regression models built on the protein-ligand interaction fingerprints of the dissociation trajectories result in robust estimates of τ for a set of 94 drug-like inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), even for the compounds for which the length of the RAMD trajectories does not provide a good estimation of τ. Thus, we find that machine learning helps to overcome inaccuracies in the modeling of protein-ligand complexes due to incomplete sampling or force field deficiencies. Moreover, the approach facilitates the identification of features important for residence time. In particular, we observed that interactions of the ligand with the sidechain of F138, which is located on the border between the ATP binding pocket and a hydrophobic transient sub-pocket, play a key role in slowing compound dissociation. We expect that the combination of the τRAMD simulation procedure with machine learning analysis will be generally applicable as an aid to target-based lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria B Kokh
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom Kaufmann
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Kister
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany.,Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Fusani L, Cabrera AC. Active learning strategies with COMBINE analysis: new tricks for an old dog. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2019; 33:287-294. [PMID: 30564994 PMCID: PMC7087723 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COMBINE method was designed to study congeneric series of compounds including structural information of ligand-protein complexes. Although very successful, the method has not received the same level of attention than other alternatives to study Quantitative Structure Active Relationships (QSAR) mainly because lack of ways to measure the uncertainty of the predictions and the need for large datasets. Active learning, a semi-supervised learning approach that makes use of uncertainty to enhance models' performance while reducing the size of the training sets, has been used in this work to address both problems. We propose two estimators of uncertainty: the pool of regressors and the distance to the training set. The performance of the methods has been evaluated by testing the resulting active learning workflows in 3 diverse datasets: HIV-1 protease inhibitors, Taxol-derivatives and BRD4 inhibitors. The proposed strategies were successful in 80% of the cases for the taxol-derivatives and BRD4 inhibitors, while outperformed random selection in the case of the HIV-1 protease inhibitors time-split. Our results suggest that AL-COMBINE might be an effective way of producing consistently superior QSAR models with a limited number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fusani
- Molecular Design UK. GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Alvaro Cortes Cabrera
- Data Science and Computational Chemistry, Galchimia S.A. Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain.
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24
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Ganotra GK, Wade RC. Prediction of Drug-Target Binding Kinetics by Comparative Binding Energy Analysis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1134-1139. [PMID: 30429958 PMCID: PMC6231175 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
A growing
consensus is emerging that optimizing the drug–target
affinity alone under equilibrium conditions does not necessarily translate
into higher potency in vivo and that instead binding kinetic parameters
should be optimized to ensure better efficacy. Therefore, in silico
methods are needed to predict the kinetic parameters and the mechanistic
determinants of drug–protein binding. Here we demonstrate the
application of COMparative BINding Energy (COMBINE) analysis to derive
quantitative structure–kinetics relationships (QSKRs) for the
dissociation rate constants (koff) of
inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HIV-1 protease. We
derived protein-specific scoring functions by correlating koff rate constants with a subset of weighted
interaction energy components determined from the energy-minimized
structures of drug–protein complexes. As the QSKRs derived
for these sets of chemically diverse compounds have good predictive
ability and provide insights into important drug–protein interactions
for optimizing koff, COMBINE analysis
offers a promising approach for binding kinetics-guided lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K. Ganotra
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C. Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Mathematical deep learning for pose and binding affinity prediction and ranking in D3R Grand Challenges. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 33:71-82. [PMID: 30116918 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced mathematics, such as multiscale weighted colored subgraph and element specific persistent homology, and machine learning including deep neural networks were integrated to construct mathematical deep learning models for pose and binding affinity prediction and ranking in the last two D3R Grand Challenges in computer-aided drug design and discovery. D3R Grand Challenge 2 focused on the pose prediction, binding affinity ranking and free energy prediction for Farnesoid X receptor ligands. Our models obtained the top place in absolute free energy prediction for free energy set 1 in stage 2. The latest competition, D3R Grand Challenge 3 (GC3), is considered as the most difficult challenge so far. It has five subchallenges involving Cathepsin S and five other kinase targets, namely VEGFR2, JAK2, p38-α, TIE2, and ABL1. There is a total of 26 official competitive tasks for GC3. Our predictions were ranked 1st in 10 out of these 26 tasks.
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26
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Jedwabny W, Lodola A, Dyguda-Kazimierowicz E. Theoretical Model of EphA2-Ephrin A1 Inhibition. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071688. [PMID: 29997324 PMCID: PMC6099714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims at the theoretical description of EphA2-ephrin A1 inhibition by small molecules. Recently proposed ab initio-based scoring models, comprising long-range components of interaction energy, is tested on lithocholic acid class inhibitors of this protein–protein interaction (PPI) against common empirical descriptors. We show that, although limited to compounds with similar solvation energy, the ab initio model is able to rank the set of selected inhibitors more effectively than empirical scoring functions, aiding the design of novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Jedwabny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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27
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Patil RB, Barbosa EG, Sangshetti JN, Zambre VP, Sawant SD. Structural insights of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors through molecular dynamics-guided receptor-dependent 4D-QSAR studies. Mol Divers 2018. [PMID: 29536226 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are promising antidiabetic agents. Currently, several DPP-IV inhibitors have been approved for therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Receptor-dependent 4D-QSAR is comparatively a new approach which uses molecular dynamics simulations to generate conformational ensemble profiles of compounds representing a dynamic state of compounds at a target's binding site. This work describes a receptor-dependent 4D-QSAR study on triazolopiperazine derivatives. QSARINS multiple linear regression method was adopted to generate 4D-QSAR models. A model with 9 variables was found to have better predictive accuracy with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (leave-one-out) = 0.592 and [Formula: see text] predicted = 0.597. The location of these 9 variables at the binding site of DPP-IV revealed the importance of the residues Val711, Tyr662, Tyr666, Val202, Asp200 and Thr199 in making critical interactions with DPP-IV inhibitors. The study of these critical interactions revealed the structural features required in DPP-IV inhibitors. Thus, in this study the importance of a halogen substituent on a phenyl ring, the extent of substitution on the triazolopiperazine ring, the presence of an ionizable amino group and the presence of a hydrophobic substituent that can bind deeper in binding pocket of DPP-IV were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk.), Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India.
| | - Euzebio G Barbosa
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POB 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431001, India
| | - Vishal P Zambre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk.), Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | - Sanjay D Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk.), Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
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28
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Patil RB, Barbosa EG, Sangshetti JN, Sawant SD, Zambre VP. 3D-QSAR with R: A new 3D-QSAR methodology applied to a set of DGAT1 inhibitors [corrected]. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:123-131. [PMID: 29602042 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid advances in computational methods for the drug design have resulted in the accurate predictions of biological activities of ligands with or without the availability of enzyme structures. 3D-QSAR is one of the computational methods used for such purpose. Currently, freely available 3D-QSAR methods suffer the limitations like complex methodologies, difficulty in the analysis of results, applying the statistical methods and validations of models built. Present work describes simple and novel 3D-QSAR methodology, which uses bash scripts LQTA_R_LJ, LQTA_R_QQ and LQTA_R_HB using freely available R statistical program. These scripts then generate Leenard-Jones, Coulomb and Hydrogen bond descriptors. These descriptors provide the steric 3D property, electrostatic property and hydrogen bond formation capacity respectively. These scripts have been tested for the set of DGAT1 inhibitors and results showed that the 3D-QSAR models built have better predictive abilities in terms of R2 0.735, Q2loo 0.635 and R2ext 0.715. The 3D-QSAR model suggested that the substitutions of the alkyl group at the oxadiazolyl ring at the 6th position of the pyrrolo-pyridazine ring is undesirable, on the contrary, substituted phenyl ring at 7th position is responsible for the improved DGAT1 inhibitory activity. The analysis also suggested that 6th position could be substituted with the oxadiazolyl ring or analogous heterocyclic rings, where the 3rd position of such heterocyclic rings substituted with rigid hydrophobic substitute can improve DGAT1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk.), Pune, 411048, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Euzebio G Barbosa
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POB 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad, 431001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay D Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk.), Pune, 411048, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal P Zambre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune-Saswad Road, Kondhwa (Bk.), Pune, 411048, Maharashtra, India
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Cang Z, Wei GW. Integration of element specific persistent homology and machine learning for protein-ligand binding affinity prediction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34. [PMID: 28677268 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein-ligand binding is a fundamental biological process that is paramount to many other biological processes, such as signal transduction, metabolic pathways, enzyme construction, cell secretion, and gene expression. Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities is vital to rational drug design and the understanding of protein-ligand binding and binding induced function. Existing binding affinity prediction methods are inundated with geometric detail and involve excessively high dimensions, which undermines their predictive power for massive binding data. Topology provides the ultimate level of abstraction and thus incurs too much reduction in geometric information. Persistent homology embeds geometric information into topological invariants and bridges the gap between complex geometry and abstract topology. However, it oversimplifies biological information. This work introduces element specific persistent homology (ESPH) or multicomponent persistent homology to retain crucial biological information during topological simplification. The combination of ESPH and machine learning gives rise to a powerful paradigm for macromolecular analysis. Tests on 2 large data sets indicate that the proposed topology-based machine-learning paradigm outperforms other existing methods in protein-ligand binding affinity predictions. ESPH reveals protein-ligand binding mechanism that can not be attained from other conventional techniques. The present approach reveals that protein-ligand hydrophobic interactions are extended to 40Å away from the binding site, which has a significant ramification to drug and protein design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cang
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
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Malik V, Dhanjal JK, Kumari A, Radhakrishnan N, Singh K, Sundar D. Function and structure-based screening of compounds, peptides and proteins to identify drug candidates. Methods 2017; 131:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Yan Y, Wang W, Sun Z, Zhang JZH, Ji C. Protein-Ligand Empirical Interaction Components for Virtual Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1793-1806. [PMID: 28678484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A major shortcoming of empirical scoring functions is that they often fail to predict binding affinity properly. Removing false positives of docking results is one of the most challenging works in structure-based virtual screening. Postdocking filters, making use of all kinds of experimental structure and activity information, may help in solving the issue. We describe a new method based on detailed protein-ligand interaction decomposition and machine learning. Protein-ligand empirical interaction components (PLEIC) are used as descriptors for support vector machine learning to develop a classification model (PLEIC-SVM) to discriminate false positives from true positives. Experimentally derived activity information is used for model training. An extensive benchmark study on 36 diverse data sets from the DUD-E database has been performed to evaluate the performance of the new method. The results show that the new method performs much better than standard empirical scoring functions in structure-based virtual screening. The trained PLEIC-SVM model is able to capture important interaction patterns between ligand and protein residues for one specific target, which is helpful in discarding false positives in postdocking filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Yan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Changge Ji
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
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Nguyen DD, Xiao T, Wang M, Wei GW. Rigidity Strengthening: A Mechanism for Protein–Ligand Binding. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1715-1721. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc D. Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics, ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and §Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tian Xiao
- Department of Mathematics, ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and §Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Menglun Wang
- Department of Mathematics, ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and §Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and §Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Cang Z, Wei GW. TopologyNet: Topology based deep convolutional and multi-task neural networks for biomolecular property predictions. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005690. [PMID: 28749969 PMCID: PMC5549771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although deep learning approaches have had tremendous success in image, video and audio processing, computer vision, and speech recognition, their applications to three-dimensional (3D) biomolecular structural data sets have been hindered by the geometric and biological complexity. To address this problem we introduce the element-specific persistent homology (ESPH) method. ESPH represents 3D complex geometry by one-dimensional (1D) topological invariants and retains important biological information via a multichannel image-like representation. This representation reveals hidden structure-function relationships in biomolecules. We further integrate ESPH and deep convolutional neural networks to construct a multichannel topological neural network (TopologyNet) for the predictions of protein-ligand binding affinities and protein stability changes upon mutation. To overcome the deep learning limitations from small and noisy training sets, we propose a multi-task multichannel topological convolutional neural network (MM-TCNN). We demonstrate that TopologyNet outperforms the latest methods in the prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities, mutation induced globular protein folding free energy changes, and mutation induced membrane protein folding free energy changes. AVAILABILITY weilab.math.msu.edu/TDL/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cang
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Xu D, Li L, Zhou D, Liu D, Hudmon A, Meroueh SO. Structure-Based Target-Specific Screening Leads to Small-Molecule CaMKII Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:660-677. [PMID: 28371191 PMCID: PMC5554713 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Target-specific scoring methods are more commonly used to identify small-molecule inhibitors among compounds docked to a target of interest. Top candidates that emerge from these methods have rarely been tested for activity and specificity across a family of proteins. In this study we docked a chemical library into CaMKIIδ, a member of the Ca2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family, and re-scored the resulting protein-compound structures using Support Vector Machine SPecific (SVMSP), a target-specific method that we developed previously. Among the 35 selected candidates, three hits were identified, such as quinazoline compound 1 (KIN-1; N4-[7-chloro-2-[(E)-styryl]quinazolin-4-yl]-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine), which was found to inhibit CaMKIIδ kinase activity at single-digit micromolar IC50 . Activity across the kinome was assessed by profiling analogues of 1, namely 6 (KIN-236; N4-[7-chloro-2-[(E)-2-(2-chloro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]quinazolin-4-yl]-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine), and an analogue of hit compound 2 (KIN-15; 2-[4-[(E)-[(5-bromobenzofuran-2-carbonyl)hydrazono]methyl]-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenoxy]acetic acid), namely 14 (KIN-332; N-[(E)-[4-(2-anilino-2-oxoethoxy)-3-chlorophenyl]methyleneamino]benzofuran-2-carboxamide), against 337 kinases. Interestingly, for compound 6, CaMKIIδ and homologue CaMKIIγ were among the top ten targets. Among the top 25 targets of 6, IC50 values ranged from 5 to 22 μm. Compound 14 was found to be not specific toward CaMKII kinases, but it does inhibit two kinases with sub-micromolar IC50 values among the top 25. Derivatives of 1 were tested against several kinases including several members of the CaMK family. These data afforded a limited structure-activity relationship study. Molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent followed by end-point MM-GBSA free-energy calculations revealed strong engagement of specific residues within the ATP binding pocket, and also changes in the dynamics as a result of binding. This work suggests that target-specific scoring approaches such as SVMSP may hold promise for the identification of small-molecule kinase inhibitors that exhibit some level of specificity toward the target of interest across a large number of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Xu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Liwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building, MS 4023, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5122, USA
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building, MS 4023, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5122, USA
| | - Degang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building, MS 4023, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5122, USA
| | - Andy Hudmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building, MS 4023, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5122, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Samy O Meroueh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Van Nuys Medical Science Building, MS 4023, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5122, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Wang B, Zhao Z, Nguyen DD, Wei GW. Feature functional theory–binding predictor (FFT–BP) for the blind prediction of binding free energies. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Recent Developments in 3D QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies of Organic and Nanostructures. HANDBOOK OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123761 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27282-5_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods is going very fast for the last decades. OSAR approach already plays an important role in lead structure optimization, and nowadays, with development of big data approaches and computer power, it can even handle a huge amount of data associated with combinatorial chemistry. One of the recent developments is a three-dimensional QSAR, i.e., 3D QSAR. For the last two decades, 3D-OSAR has already been successfully applied to many datasets, especially of enzyme and receptor ligands. Moreover, quite often 3D QSAR investigations are going together with protein–ligand docking studies and this combination works synergistically. In this review, we outline recent advances in development and applications of 3D QSAR and protein–ligand docking approaches, as well as combined approaches for conventional organic compounds and for nanostructured materials, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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García-Sánchez MO, Cruz-Monteagudo M, Medina-Franco JL. Quantitative Structure-Epigenetic Activity Relationships. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56850-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nakamura S, Ohmura R, Nakanishi I. An Interaction-based Approach for Affinity Prediction between Antigen Peptide and Human Leukocyte Antigen Using COMBINE Analysis. CHEM-BIO INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1273/cbij.17.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rie Ohmura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University
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40
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Teruya K, Hattori Y, Shimamoto Y, Kobayashi K, Sanjoh A, Nakagawa A, Yamashita E, Akaji K. Structural basis for the development of SARS 3CL protease inhibitors from a peptide mimic to an aza-decaline scaffold. Biopolymers 2016; 106:391-403. [PMID: 26572934 PMCID: PMC7159131 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Design of inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro) ) is a potentially important approach to fight against SARS. We have developed several synthetic inhibitors by structure-based drug design. In this report, we reveal two crystal structures of SARS 3CL(pro) complexed with two new inhibitors based on our previous work. These structures combined with six crystal structures complexed with a series of related ligands reported by us are collectively analyzed. To these eight complexes, the structural basis for inhibitor binding was analyzed by the COMBINE method, which is a chemometrical analysis optimized for the protein-ligand complex. The analysis revealed that the first two latent variables gave a cumulative contribution ratio of r(2) = 0.971. Interestingly, scores using the second latent variables for each complex were strongly correlated with root mean square deviations (RMSDs) of side-chain heavy atoms of Met(49) from those of the intact crystal structure of SARS-3CL(pro) (r = 0.77) enlarging the S2 pocket. The substantial contribution of this side chain (∼10%) for the explanation of pIC50 s was dependent on stereochemistry and the chemical structure of the ligand adapted to the S2 pocket of the protease. Thus, starting from a substrate mimic inhibitor, a design for a central scaffold for a low molecular weight inhibitor was evaluated to develop a further potent inhibitor. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 391-403, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Teruya
- Department of NeurochemistryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineAoba‐Ku Sendai980‐8575Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityYamashina‐KuKyoto607‐8412Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimamoto
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityYamashina‐KuKyoto607‐8412Japan
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityYamashina‐KuKyoto607‐8412Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Eiki Yamashita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityYamashina‐KuKyoto607‐8412Japan
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Jia Q, Cui X, Li L, Wang Q, Liu Y, Xia S, Ma P. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship for High Affinity 5-HT1A Receptor Ligands Based on Norm Indexes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15561-7. [PMID: 26605982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arylpiperazine derivatives are promising 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor ligands which can inhibit serotonin reuptake effectively. In this work, some norm index descriptors were proposed and further utilized to develop a model for predicting 5-HT1A receptor affinity (pKi) of 88 arylpiperazine derivatives. Results showed that this new model could provide satisfactory predictions with the square of the correction coefficient (R(2)) of 0.8891 and the squared correlation coefficient of cross-validation (Q(2)) of 0.8082, respectively. In addition, the applicability domain of this model was validated by using the leverage approach and results which suggested potential large scale for further utilization of this model. The results of statistical values and validation tests demonstrated that our proposed norm index based model could be successfully applied for predicting the affinity 5-HT1A receptor ligands of arylpiperazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuqian Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Peisheng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People’s Republic of China
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Kumar SP, George LB, Jasrai YT, Pandya HA. Prioritization of active antimalarials using structural interaction profile of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR)-triclosan derivatives. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 26:61-77. [PMID: 25567142 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.984628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An empirical relationship between the experimental inhibitory activities of triclosan derivatives and its computationally predicted Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (PfENR) dock poses was developed to model activities of known antimalarials. A statistical model was developed using 57 triclosan derivatives with significant measures (r = 0.849, q(2) = 0.619, s = 0.481) and applied on structurally related and structurally diverse external datasets. A substructure-based search on ChEMBL malaria dataset (280 compounds) yielded only two molecules with significant docking energy, whereas eight active antimalarials (EC(50) < 100 nM, tested on 3D7 strain) with better predicted activities (pIC(50) ~ 7) from Open Access Malaria Box (400 compounds) were prioritized. Further, calculations on the structurally diverse rhodanine molecules (known PfENR inhibitors) distinguished actives (experimental IC(50) = 0.035 μM; predicted pIC(50) = 6.568) and inactives (experimental IC(50) = 50 μM; predicted pIC50 = -4.078), which showed that antimalarials possessing dock poses similar to experimental interaction profiles can be used as leads to test experimentally on enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Kumar
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Applied Botany Centre (ABC) , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , India
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Le X, Gu Q, Xu J. Identifying MurI uncompetitive inhibitors by correlating decomposed binding energies with bioactivity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MurI uncompetitive inhibitors can be virtually identified by a new method that correlates decomposed binding free energies with the bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Le
- Research Center for Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Other Related Techniques. UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF QSAR FOR APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RISK ASSESSMENT 2015. [PMCID: PMC7149793 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801505-6.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in computational resources, there is an increasing urge among the computational researchers to make the in silico approaches fast, convenient, reproducible, acceptable, and sensible ones. Along with the typical two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods, approaches like pharmacophore, structure-based docking studies, and combinations of ligand- and structure-based approaches like comparative residue interaction analysis (CoRIA) and comparative binding energy analysis (COMBINE) have gained a significant popularity in the computational drug design process. A pharmacophore can be developed either in a ligand-based method, by superposing a set of active molecules and extracting common chemical features which are vital for their bioactivity; or in a structure-based manner, by probing probable interaction points between the macromolecular target and ligands. The interaction of protein and ligand molecules with each other is one of the interesting studies in modern molecular biology and molecular recognition. This interaction can well be explained with the conceptof a docking study to show how a molecule can bind to another molecule to exert the bioactivity. Docking and pharmacophore are non-QSAR approaches in in silico drug design that can support the QSAR findings. Approaches like CoRIA and COMBINE can use information generated from the ligand–receptor complexes to extract the critical clue concerning the types of significant interaction at the level of both the receptor and the ligand. Employing the abovementioned ligand- and structure-based methodologies and chemical libraries, virtual screening (VS) emerged as an important tool in the quest to develop novel drug compounds. VS serves as an efficient computational tool that integrates structural data with lead optimization as a cost-effective approach to drug discovery.
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Grinter SZ, Zou X. Challenges, applications, and recent advances of protein-ligand docking in structure-based drug design. Molecules 2014; 19:10150-76. [PMID: 25019558 PMCID: PMC6270832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The docking methods used in structure-based virtual database screening offer the ability to quickly and cheaply estimate the affinity and binding mode of a ligand for the protein receptor of interest, such as a drug target. These methods can be used to enrich a database of compounds, so that more compounds that are subsequently experimentally tested are found to be pharmaceutically interesting. In addition, like all virtual screening methods used for drug design, structure-based virtual screening can focus on curated libraries of synthesizable compounds, helping to reduce the expense of subsequent experimental verification. In this review, we introduce the protein-ligand docking methods used for structure-based drug design and other biological applications. We discuss the fundamental challenges facing these methods and some of the current methodological topics of interest. We also discuss the main approaches for applying protein-ligand docking methods. We end with a discussion of the challenging aspects of evaluating or benchmarking the accuracy of docking methods for their improvement, and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Z Grinter
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Cherkasov A, Muratov EN, Fourches D, Varnek A, Baskin II, Cronin M, Dearden J, Gramatica P, Martin YC, Todeschini R, Consonni V, Kuz'min VE, Cramer R, Benigni R, Yang C, Rathman J, Terfloth L, Gasteiger J, Richard A, Tropsha A. QSAR modeling: where have you been? Where are you going to? J Med Chem 2014; 57:4977-5010. [PMID: 24351051 PMCID: PMC4074254 DOI: 10.1021/jm4004285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1053] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling is one of the major computational tools employed in medicinal chemistry. However, throughout its entire history it has drawn both praise and criticism concerning its reliability, limitations, successes, and failures. In this paper, we discuss (i) the development and evolution of QSAR; (ii) the current trends, unsolved problems, and pressing challenges; and (iii) several novel and emerging applications of QSAR modeling. Throughout this discussion, we provide guidelines for QSAR development, validation, and application, which are summarized in best practices for building rigorously validated and externally predictive QSAR models. We hope that this Perspective will help communications between computational and experimental chemists toward collaborative development and use of QSAR models. We also believe that the guidelines presented here will help journal editors and reviewers apply more stringent scientific standards to manuscripts reporting new QSAR studies, as well as encourage the use of high quality, validated QSARs for regulatory decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Eugene N. Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Molecular Structure and Cheminformatics, A.V. Bogatsky Physical-Chemical Institute National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, 65080, Ukraine
| | - Denis Fourches
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Department of Chemistry, L. Pasteur University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Igor I. Baskin
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mark Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK
| | - John Dearden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L33AF, UK
| | - Paola Gramatica
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Todeschini
- Milano Chemometrics and QSAR Research Group, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Viviana Consonni
- Milano Chemometrics and QSAR Research Group, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Victor E. Kuz'min
- Department of Molecular Structure and Cheminformatics, A.V. Bogatsky Physical-Chemical Institute National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, 65080, Ukraine
| | | | - Romualdo Benigni
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | | | - James Rathman
- Altamira LLC, Columbus OH 43235, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | | | | | - Ann Richard
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27519, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Khedkar VM, Joseph J, Pissurlenkar R, Saran A, Coutinho EC. How good are ensembles in improving QSAR models? The case with eCoRIA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:749-69. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.909744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Jose Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Raghuvir Pissurlenkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Anil Saran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Evans C. Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
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Fusing a carbohydrate-binding module into the Aspergillus usamii β-mannanase to improve its thermostability and cellulose-binding capacity by in silico design. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64766. [PMID: 23741390 PMCID: PMC3669383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The AuMan5A, an acidophilic glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 β-mannanase derived from Aspergillus usamii YL-01-78, consists of an only catalytic domain (CD). To perfect enzymatic properties of the AuMan5A, a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of the Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I (TrCBH I), having the lowest binding free energy with cellobiose, was selected by in silico design, and fused into its C-terminus forming a fusion β-mannanase, designated as AuMan5A-CBM. Then, its encoding gene, Auman5A-cbm, was constructed as it was designed theoretically, and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. SDS-PAGE analysis displayed that both recombinant AuMan5A-CBM (reAuMan5A-CBM) and AuMan5A (reAuMan5A) were secreted into the cultured media with apparent molecular masses of 57.3 and 49.8 kDa, respectively. The temperature optimum of the reAuMan5A-CBM was 75°C, being 5°C higher than that of the reAuMan5A. They were stable at temperatures of 68 and 60°C, respectively. Compared with reAuMan5A, the reAuMan5A-CBM showed an obvious decrease in Km and a slight alteration in Vmax. In addition, the fusion of a CBM of the TrCBH I into the AuMan5A contributed to its cellulose-binding capacity.
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Fukunishi Y, Nakamura H. Improved estimation of protein-ligand binding free energy by using the ligand-entropy and mobility of water molecules. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:604-22. [PMID: 24276169 PMCID: PMC3817721 DOI: 10.3390/ph6050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed the direct interaction approximation (DIA) method to estimate the protein-ligand binding free energy (DG). The DIA method estimates the DG value based on the direct van der Waals and electrostatic interaction energies between the protein and the ligand. In the current study, the effect of the entropy of the ligand was introduced with protein dynamic properties by molecular dynamics simulations, and the interaction between each residue of the protein and the ligand was also weighted considering the hydration of each residue. The molecular dynamics simulation of the apo target protein gave the hydration effect of each residue, under the assumption that the residues, which strongly bind the water molecules, are important in the protein-ligand binding. These two effects improved the reliability of the DIA method. In fact, the parameters used in the DIA became independent of the target protein. The averaged error of DG estimation was 1.3 kcal/mol and the correlation coefficient between the experimental DG value and the calculated DG value was 0.75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Fukunishi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-3-3599-8290; Fax: +81-3-3599-8099
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; E-Mail:
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