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Salem MA, Helal MH, Alzahrani AYA, Gouda MA. Utility of 1-(4-Substituted Aminophenyl)Ethanones in Heterocyclic Synthesis Part(II). MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210920123042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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The improvement of new synthetic routes towards thiophene, oxazole, triazole, pyrimidine, pyridine, quinolone, coumarin, imidazopyrimidine, pyridoimidazole and triazolo[1,5-a] pyridine for their biological and medicinal exploration is an appealing vicinity for researchers. This review focuses on the utility of 1-(4-substituted-aminophenyl) ethanones and their derivatives as critical intermediates for the synthesis of these systems developed within the closing decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Y. A. Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa. A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Katzenellenbogen JA. PET Imaging Agents (FES, FFNP, and FDHT) for Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptors to Improve Management of Breast and Prostate Cancers by Functional Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2020. [PMID: 32718075 PMCID: PMC7465097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast and prostate cancers are driven by the action of steroid hormones on their cognate receptors in primary tumors and in metastases, and endocrine therapies that inhibit hormone production or block the action of these receptors provide clinical benefit to many but not all of these cancer patients. Because it is difficult to predict which individuals will be helped by endocrine therapies and which will not, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) in breast cancer, and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer can provide useful, often functional, information on the likelihood of endocrine therapy response in individual patients. This review covers our development of three PET imaging agents, 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) for ER, 21-[18F]fluoro-furanyl-nor-progesterone (FFNP) for PgR, and 16β-[18F]fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) for AR, and the evolution of their clinical use. For these agents, the pathway from concept through development tracks with an emerging understanding of critical performance criteria that is needed for successful PET imaging of these low-abundance receptor targets. Progress in the ongoing evaluation of what they can add to the clinical management of breast and prostate cancers reflects our increased understanding of these diseases and of optimal strategies for predicting the success of clinical endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-one based chalcones as cytotoxic agents. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00767. [PMID: 30191185 PMCID: PMC6125804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesised a series of novel chalcones, incorporating the heterocyclic framework of 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolinone, which was prepared via Sonogashira coupling of a substituted orthoaniline under aqueous conditions using Pd catalysis followed by acid-mediated cyclisation. The compounds were screened against the NCI-N87 and DLD-1 cancer cell lines, with most compounds showing low micromolar cytotoxic activity.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a major disease with high morbidity and mortality in women. As a highly heterogeneous tumor, it contains different molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor 2-positive, and triple-negative subtypes. As each subtype has unique features, it may not be universal to the optimal treatment and expected response for individual patients. Therefore, it is critical to identify different breast cancer subtypes. Targeting subcellular levels, molecular imaging, especially PET and single photon emission computed tomography, has become a promising means to identify breast cancer subtypes and monitor treatment. Different biological processes between various subtypes, including changes correlated with receptor expression, cell proliferation, or glucose metabolism, have the potential for imaging with PET and single photon emission computed tomography radiopharmaceuticals. Receptor imaging, with radiopharmaceuticals targeting estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor 2, is available to distinguish receptor-positive tumors from receptor-negative ones. Cell proliferation imaging with fluorine-18 fluorothymidine PET aids identification of luminal A and B subtypes on the basis of the correlation with the immunohistochemical biomarker Ki-67. Glucose metabolism imaging with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET may have potential to discriminate triple-negative subtypes from others. With increasing numbers of novel radiopharmaceuticals, noninvasive molecular imaging will be applied widely for the identification of different subtypes and provide more in-vivo information on individualized management of breast cancer patients.
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Abstract
Steroid hormone receptor (SHR) expression and changes in SHR expression compared to basal levels, whether upregulated, downregulated, or mutated, form a distinguishing feature of some breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. These receptors act to induce tumor proliferation. In the imaging context, total expression together with modulation of expression can yield predictive and prognostic information. Currently, biopsy for histologic assessment of SHR expression is routine for breast and prostate cancer; however, the technique is not well suited to the heterogeneous tumor environment and can lead to incorrect receptor expression assignment, which precludes effective treatment. The development of positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands to image receptor expression may overcome the difficulties associated with tumor heterogeneity and facilitate the assessment of metastatic disease.
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Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of ring-A-monosubstituted chalcone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cunha S, Gano L, Morais GR, Thiemann T, Oliveira MC. Progesterone receptor targeting with radiolabelled steroids: an approach in predicting breast cancer response to therapy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:223-41. [PMID: 23669457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors have demonstrated to be potentially useful biological targets for the diagnosis and therapy follow-up of hormonally responsive cancers. The over-expression of these proteins in human cancer cells as well as their binding characteristics provides a favourable mechanism for the localization of malignant tumours. The need for newer and more selective probes to non-invasively assess steroid receptor expression in hormone-responsive tumours has encouraged the synthesis and the biological evaluation of several steroidal derivatives labelled with positron and gamma emitters. The physiological effects of the steroid hormone progesterone are mediated by the progesterone receptor (PR). Since PR expression is stimulated by the oestrogen receptor (ER), PR status has been considered as a biomarker of ER activity and its value for predicting and monitoring therapeutic efficacy of hormonal therapy has been studied. Imaging of PR-expressing breast cancer patients under hormonal therapy may be advantageous, since the response to therapy can be more accurately predicted after quantification of both ER and PR status. Thus, ligands for PR targeting, although much less explored than ER ligands, have gained some importance lately as potential PET and SPECT tumour imaging agents. In this review, we present a brief survey of explored approaches for progesterone targeting using radiolabelled progestins as potential clinical probes to predict responsiveness to breast cancer therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cunha
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
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Cervino AR, Burei M, Mansi L, Evangelista L. Molecular pathways and molecular imaging in breast cancer: an update. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:581-91. [PMID: 23602603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogenic cancer being characterized by a variability of somatic mutations and in particular by different receptor expressions, such as estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal receptor. These phenotype characteristics play a crucial role in determining tumour response to various chemotherapies and other treatments and in the development of resistance to therapies. Positron emission tomography (PET) as a nuclear medicine technique, has recently demonstrated the advantages in determining the severity of disease and in evaluating the efficacy of treatments in a variety of neoplasm, including breast cancer. Because this procedure is able to pinpoint molecular activity within the body, it offers the potential to identify disease in its earliest stages as well as a patient's immediate response to therapeutic interventions in a non-invasive way. In this paper we performed an extended view about the correlation between molecular factors of breast cancer and PET tracers; in particular, we focalized our attention on their possible advantages in terms of 1) early detection of primary or recurrent cancer; 2) as a guide for target therapies and 3) for the evaluation of response to specific and now-available molecular treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Cervino
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64 35128 Padova, Italy
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Al-Qahtani MH, Mccarthy TJ, Welch MJ. Improved labeling procedure of [18F]FFNP for in vivo imaging of progesterone receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25804401107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dehdashti F, Laforest R, Gao F, Aft RL, Dence CS, Zhou D, Shoghi KI, Siegel BA, Katzenellenbogen JA, Welch MJ. Assessment of progesterone receptors in breast carcinoma by PET with 21-18F-fluoro-16α,17α-[(R)-(1'-α-furylmethylidene)dioxy]-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:363-70. [PMID: 22331216 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.098319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This first-in-human study was designed to evaluate the safety and dosimetry of the progesterone analog 21-(18)F-fluoro-16α,17α-[(R)-(1'-α-furylmethylidene)dioxy]-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione ((18)F-FFNP), as well the feasibility of imaging tumor progesterone receptors (PRs) by PET in breast cancer. METHODS Women with breast cancer underwent PET with (18)F-FFNP. Tumor (18)F-FFNP uptake was assessed semiquantitatively by determining maximum standardized uptake value and tumor-to-normal breast (T/N) activity ratio and by Logan graphical analysis. The PET results were correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) and PR status, assessed by in vitro assays of the tumor tissue. The biodistribution of (18)F-FFNP was measured in patients by whole-body PET, and human dosimetry was estimated. RESULTS Twenty patients with 22 primary breast cancers (16 PR-positive [PR+] and 6 PR-negative [PR-]) were evaluated. Tumor maximum standardized uptake value was not significantly different in PR+ and PR- cancers (mean ± SD, 2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 2.0 ± 1.3, P = 0.386), but the T/N ratio was significantly greater in the PR+ cancers (2.6 ± 0.9 vs. 1.5 ± 0.3, P = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant correlation between distribution volume ratio and T/N ratio (r = 0.89; P = 0.001) but not between distribution volume ratio and either PR status or standardized uptake value, likely because of small sample size. On the basis of whole-body PET data in 12 patients, the gallbladder appeared to be the dose-limiting organ, with an average radiation dose of 0.113 mGy/MBq. The whole-body dose was 0.015 mGy/MBq, and the effective dose was 0.020 mSv/MBq. No adverse effects of (18)F-FFNP were encountered. CONCLUSION (18)F-FFNP PET is a safe, noninvasive means for evaluating tumor PRs in vivo in patients with breast cancer. The relatively small absorbed doses to normal organs allow for the safe injection of up to 440 MBq of (18)F-FFNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Dehdashti
- Divisions of Nuclear Medicine and Radiological Sciences, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Kueh JTB, Choi KW, Brimble MA. Enantioselective synthesis of C-linked spiroacetal-triazoles as privileged natural product-like scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5993-6002. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Volkringer C, Cohen SM. Generating reactive MILs: isocyanate- and isothiocyanate-bearing MILs through postsynthetic modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4644-8. [PMID: 20480478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Volkringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Vicente J, Arcas A, Juliá-Hernández F, Bautista D, Jones PG. Organometallic Complexes of Palladium(II) Derived from 2,6-Diacetylpyridine Dimethylketal. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100079x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado 4021, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelia Arcas
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado 4021, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado 4021, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado 4021, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
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Cadierno V, García-Garrido SE, Gimeno J, Nebra N. Atom-economic transformations of propargylic alcohols catalyzed by the 16-electron allyl-ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(η3-2-C3H4Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF6] (dppf=1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene). Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Volkringer C, Cohen S. Generating Reactive MILs: Isocyanate- and Isothiocyanate-Bearing MILs through Postsynthetic Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kotha S, Shah VR, Mandal K. Formation of Arenesvia Diallylarenes: Strategic Utilization of Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling, Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xie J, Seto CT. A two stage click-based library of protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:458-73. [PMID: 17046267 PMCID: PMC1764825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important regulators of signal transduction pathways. Potent and selective PTP inhibitors are useful for probing these pathways and also may serve as drugs for the treatment of a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes and infection by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. In this report Cu(I)-catalyzed 'click' cycloaddition reactions between azides and alkynes were employed to generate two sequential libraries of PTP inhibitors. In the first round library methyl 4-azidobenzoylformate was reacted with 56 mono- and diynes. After hydrolysis of the methyl esters, the resulting alpha-ketocarboxylic acids were assayed in crude form against the Yersinia PTP and PTP1B. Four compounds were selected for further evaluation, and one compound was chosen as the lead for generation of the second round library. This lead compound was modified by conversion of an alcohol into an azide group, and the resulting azide was reacted with the same 56 mono- and diynes that were used in the first generation library. After screening the crude inhibitors against the Yersinia PTP and PTP1B, four compounds were selected and evaluated in pure form against the Yersinia PTP, PTP1B, TCPTP, LAR, and CD45. The best bis(alpha-ketocarboxylic acid) inhibitor 34 had an IC(50) value of 550nM against the Yersinia PTP and an IC(50) value of 710nM against TCPTP. The most potent inhibitor containing a single alpha-ketocarboxylic acid group 32 had IC(50) values of 2.1, 5.7, and 2.6 microM against the Yersinia PTP, PTP1B, and TCPTP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher T. Seto
- *Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St. Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, Phone: 401-863-3587; Fax: 401-863-9368,
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Zarghi A, Zebardast T, Hakimion F, Shirazi FH, Rao PNP, Knaus EE. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones possessing a methanesulfonamido or an azido pharmacophore as cyclooxygenase-1/-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7044-50. [PMID: 16798002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives (chalcones) possessing a MeSO(2)NH, or N(3), COX-2 pharmacophore at the para-position of the C-1 phenyl ring were synthesized using a facile stereoselective Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 structure-activity relationships were determined by varying the substituents on the C-3 phenyl ring (4-H, 4-Me, 4-F, and 4-OMe). Among the 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones possessing a C-1 para-MeSO(2)NH COX-2 pharmacophore, (E)-1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (7b) was identified as a selective COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2 IC(50)=1.0 microM; selectivity index >100) that was less potent than the reference drug rofecoxib (COX-2 IC(50)=0.50 microM; SI>200). The corresponding 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one analogue possessing a C-1 para-N(3) COX-2 pharmacophore, (E)-1-(4-azidophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (7f), exhibited potent and selective COX-2 inhibition (COX-1 IC(50)=22.2 microM; COX-2 IC(50)=0.3 microM; SI=60). A molecular modeling study where 7b and 7f were docked in the binding site of COX-2 showed that the p-MeSO(2)NH and N(3) substituents on the C-1 phenyl ring are oriented in the vicinity of the COX-2 secondary pocket (His90, Arg513, Phe518, and Val523). The structure-activity data acquired indicate that the propenone moiety constitutes a suitable scaffold to design new acyclic 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones with selective COX-1 or COX-2 inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gritsan NP, Platz MS. Kinetics, Spectroscopy, and Computational Chemistry of Arylnitrenes. Chem Rev 2006; 106:3844-67. [PMID: 16967923 DOI: 10.1021/cr040055+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N P Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Ziessel R, Bonardi L, Retailleau P, Ulrich G. Isocyanate-, Isothiocyanate-, Urea-, and Thiourea-Substituted Boron Dipyrromethene Dyes as Fluorescent Probes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3093-102. [PMID: 16599605 DOI: 10.1021/jo0600151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boron dipyrromethene dyes (Bodipy) bearing a meso-phenyl substituent carrying a variety of functional groups can be prepared under mild conditions. A single-crystal X-ray structure determination for the 3,5-dinitrophenyl compound shows the phenyl ring to be almost orthogonal (dihedral angle 84 degrees) to the plane of the Bodipy core, with one nitro group almost coplanar with the ring and the other tilted by approximately 21 degrees. Nitro substituents at the 3-, 4-, and 5- positions of the phenyl group are readily reduced to the corresponding amino groups and then converted to isocyanato, isothiocyanato, urea, thiourea, and some polyimine derivatives, the last providing additional functionality (phenazine and pyridylindole units) suitable for chelation of metal ions. All compounds are redox active, the electron-transfer processes being assigned on the basis of comparisons with model compounds. Their fluorescence properties are sensitive to the phenyl group substituents. The Bodipy unit excited state appears to be a strong reductant (Eo approximately -1.4 V) and a modest oxidant (Eo approximately +1.0 V). Quenching processes in the nitro and phenazine derivatives appear to involve intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Ziessel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux, Université Louis Pasteur, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France.
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Ziessel R, Bonardi L, Ulrich G. Boron dipyrromethene dyes: a rational avenue for sensing and light emitting devices. Dalton Trans 2006:2913-8. [PMID: 16751901 DOI: 10.1039/b516222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron dipyrromethene dyes bearing nitro, amino, isocyanate and isothiocyanate functions were readily prepared under mild conditions. Various combinations allow to produce urea, diurea, thiourea, dithiourea in the 3, 4 and 5-substitution positions of the appended phenyl group. Condensation of the 3,4-substituted diamino derivative with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and 6-formyl-2-methylpyridine allow to prepare dipyridophenazine and indole derivatives. The 3,5-dinitro-substituted indacene dye was characterized by an X-ray molecular structure showing a pronounced tilt angle of the dinitrophenyl group relative to the indacene core (approximately 84 degrees) whereas one nitro groups is basically coplanar with the phenyl ring and the second titled by approximately 21 degrees. The optical properties of these dyes reveals on/off switching of the fluorescence from the nitro to the amino compounds and further to the urea likely understood in the framework of an photoinduced electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Ziessel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France.
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Cadierno V, García-Garrido S, Gimeno J. Isomerization of Propargylic Alcohols into α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by the Sixteen-Electron Allyl-Ruthenium(II) Complex [Ru(η3-2-C3H4Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF6]. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Spencer TA, Wang P, Li D, Russel JS, Blank DH, Huuskonen J, Fielding PE, Fielding CJ. Benzophenone-containing cholesterol surrogates: synthesis and biological evaluation. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1510-8. [PMID: 15175357 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400081-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight analogs of cholesterol (1) containing a benzophenone group have been synthesized as prospective photoaffinity labels for studies in cellular sterol efflux and HDL formation. Six of these compounds (4-9) have the photophore replacing different portions of the cholesterol alkyl side chain, and two (10 and 11) have it attached via nitrogen at carbon 3. The suitability of these analogs as cholesterol surrogates was determined by examining their ability to replace [3H]1 in fibroblasts preequilibrated with [3H]1. All eight analogs were effective in replacing natural 1 in competition with [3H]1 for apolipoprotein A-I-induced efflux. These are the first compounds shown to replace cholesterol successfully in a complex pathway of multiple intracellular steps. The results suggest an unexpected tolerance of biological membranes regarding the incorporation of sterols of differing chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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25
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Ruzin A, Singh G, Severin A, Yang Y, Dushin RG, Sutherland AG, Minnick A, Greenstein M, May MK, Shlaes DM, Bradford PA. Mechanism of action of the mannopeptimycins, a novel class of glycopeptide antibiotics active against vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:728-38. [PMID: 14982757 PMCID: PMC353120 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.3.728-738.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring mannopeptimycins (formerly AC98-1 through AC98-5) are a novel class of glycopeptide antibiotics that are active against a wide variety of gram-positive bacteria. The structures of the mannopeptimycins suggested that they might act by targeting cell wall biosynthesis, similar to other known glycopeptide antibiotics; but the fact that the mannopeptimycins retain activity against vancomycin-resistant organisms suggested that they might have a unique mode of action. By using a radioactive mannopeptimycin derivative bearing a photoactivation ligand, it was shown that mannopeptimycins interact with the membrane-bound cell wall precursor lipid II [C(55)-MurNAc-(peptide)-GlcNAc] and that this interaction is different from the binding of other lipid II-binding antibiotics such as vancomycin and mersacidin. The antimicrobial activities of several mannopeptimycin derivatives correlated with their affinities toward lipid II, suggesting that the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis was primarily through lipid II binding. In addition, it was shown that mannopeptimycins bind to lipoteichoic acid in a rather nonspecific interaction, which might facilitate the accumulation of antibiotic on the bacterial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ruzin
- Wyeth Research, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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26
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Elliott JT, Hoekstra WJ, Derian CK, Addo MF, Maryanoff BE, Ahern DG, Prestwich GD. Tritiated photoactivatable analogs of the native human thrombin receptor (PAR-1) agonist peptide, SFLLRN-NH2. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 57:494-506. [PMID: 11437953 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Six photoactivatable analogs of the human thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), SFLLRN-NH2, were synthesized by substituting the photoactive amino acid, p-benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa), into each position of the peptide sequence. Platelet aggregation assays indicated that the peptides with Bpa substitutions at positions 3 to 6 retained agonist activity. These peptides were prepared in tritiated form as potential thrombin receptor photoaffinity labels. The [3H]Bpa-containing analogs were constructed by resynthesizing the peptides with the amino acid, 4-benzoyl-2',5'-dibromophenylalanine (Br2Bpa), and subjecting the purified peptides to Pd-catalyzed tritiodebromination. The radiochemical yields for the reductive tritiation were < 2% for peptides with [3H]Bpa in the third and fourth positions, and between 7 and 16% for the peptides with substitutions at the fifth and sixth positions. The low yields were due to over-reduction of the Bpa carbonyl group and nonspecific degradation during reductive tritiation. This report describes the first use of Br2Bpa for the preparation of tritiated photoactivatable peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Elliott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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27
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Visser GM, Krugers HJ, Luurtsema G, van Waarde A, Elsinga PH, deKloet ER, Groen MB, Bohus B, Go KG, Paans AM. Synthesis and organ distribution of [18F]fluoro-Org 6141 in the rat: a potential glucocorticoid receptor ligand for positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 1995; 22:915-20. [PMID: 8547889 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(95)00030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
For the synthesis of [18F]Fluoro-Org 6141 via a nucleophilic substitution reaction with 18F-, the tosyl group was chosen as the leaving group because of its stability and excellent leaving group ability. The biodistribution of the high affinity and moderate lipophilicity (log P = 2.66, calculated value) ligand [18F]Fluoro-Org 6141 (specific activity 8.2 to 37 TBq/mmol, yield 10% at EOB) was examined in sham adrenalectomized (sADX) and adrenalectomized (ADX) male Wistar rats. Two days after ADX or sADX, the animals were anesthetized and 0.37 to 1.85 MBq of [18F]Fluoro-Org 6141 was administered intravenously. Kinetics of 18F activity uptake were monitored for 3 h using a stationary double-headed positron emission tomography (PET) camera, and the biodistribution was assessed by ex vivo determination of radioactivity in several tissues and different brain areas. One hour after injection of the radioligand, the bladder, kidney, liver, trachea, and bone of sADX animals contained more concentration on a wet weight basis than blood. Three hours post injection, radioactivity was retained in bladder, trachea, and bone. The accumulation of radioactivity in brain corresponded to the concentration of activity in the blood within the first hours after injection. ADX animals showed a higher uptake of 18F activity in spleen, testes, and brain areas (hippocampus and brainstem) but a lower uptake in bone than sADX rats. PET scans suggested that 18F activity uptake in the brain had not yet reached a maximum at this interval. Although [18F]Fluoro-Org 6141 is not useful for PET studies of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), the results obtained with this compound indicate a synthetic strategy suitable for the synthesis of high-affinity radioligands for GRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Visser
- PET Center and Groningen Center for Catalysis and Synthesis, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
The photoactivatable aryl ketone derivatives have been rediscovered as biochemical probes in the last 5 years. The expanding use of benzophenone (BP) photoprobes can be attributed to three distinct chemical and biochemical advantages. First, BPs are chemically more stable than diazo esters, aryl azides, and diazirines. Second, BPs can be manipulated in ambient light and can be activated at 350-360 nm, avoiding protein-damaging wavelengths. Third, BPs react preferentially with unreactive C-H bonds, even in the presence of solvent water and bulk nucleophiles. These three properties combine to produce highly efficient covalent modifications of macromolecules, frequently with remarkable site specificity. This Perspectives includes a brief review of BP photochemistry and a selection of specific applications of these photoprobes, which address questions in protein, nucleic acid, and lipid biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dormán
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-3400
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Novel stereoids from cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate-initiated oxidative rearrangements of 16-dehydroprogesterone. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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