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Luan LB, Song ZJ, Li ZM, Wang QR. Synthesis of new tricyclic 5,6-dihydro-4 H-benzo[ b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- d][1,4]diazepine derivatives by [3 + + 2]-cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1826-1833. [PMID: 30112086 PMCID: PMC6071722 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new series of tricyclic heterocycles, namely 5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepinium salts 10 and the related neutral, free bases 13 were synthesized from 4-acetoxy-1-acetyl-4-phenylazo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines 8 and nitriles 9 in the presence of aluminium chloride by the [3+ + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of the in situ generated azocarbenium intermediates 14 followed by a ring-expansion rearrangement. In the rearrangement reaction, the phenyl substituent in the initially formed spiro-triazolium adducts 16 underwent a [1,2]-migration from C(3) to the electron-deficient N(2). This led to the ring expansion from 6-membered piperidine to 7-membered diazepine furnishing the tricyclic 1,2,4-triazole-fused 1,4-benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Luan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Song
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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2
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Design and synthesis of novel 1,4-benzodiazepine surrogates as potential CCKA and CCKB antagonists via palladium-catalyzed three-component cascade reactions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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A convenient method for 14C-labeling of N-(2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide-[carboxy-14C] as CCK-A antagonist. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Kumari S, Chowdhury J, Mishra AK, Chandna S, Saluja D, Chopra M. Synthesis and evaluation of a fluorescent non-peptidic cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor specific antagonist for cancer cell imaging. Chembiochem 2011; 13:282-92. [PMID: 22162268 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent labeling has enabled a better understanding of the relationships between receptor location, function, and life cycle. Each of these perspectives contributes new insights into drug action, particularly for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The aim of this study was to develop a fluorescein derivative, FLUO-QUIN-a novel antagonist of the cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor. A radioligand-binding experiment revealed an IC(50) of 4.79 nm, and the antagonist inhibited gastric acid secretion in an isolated lumen-perfused mouse stomach assay (up to 51 % at 100 nm). The fluorescence properties altered upon binding to the receptor, and the fluorophore was quenched to a greater extent when free than in the bound form. FLUO-QUIN specifically bound to human pancreatic carcinoma cells, MiaPaca-2, which are known to express the receptor, as evidenced by rapid clustering followed by time-dependent receptor internalization. This proves the stability of FLUO-QUIN and its ability to penetrate vesicular membranes and reach various cell targets. Hence it might be used as an agent for the detection of CCK-B-receptor-positive tumors by fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumari
- Dr. BR Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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5
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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6
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Shonberg J, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Design strategies for bivalent ligands targeting GPCRs. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:963-74. [PMID: 21520422 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed bivalent ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimeric structures have become increasingly popular in recent literature. The advantages of the bivalent approach are numerous, including enhanced potency and receptor subtype specificity. However, the use of bivalent ligands as potential pharmacotherapeutics is limited by problematic molecular properties, such as high molecular weight and lipophilicity. This minireview focuses on the design of bivalent ligands recently described in the literature; discussing the choice of lead pharmacophore, the position and nature of the attachment point for linking the two pharmacophore units, and the length and composition of the spacer group. Furthermore, this minireview distils the molecular descriptors of the bivalent ligands that exhibit in vivo activity, as well as highlights their ability to access the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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7
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Mwande-Maguene G, Jakhlal J, Lekana-Douki JB, Mouray E, Bousquet T, Pellegrini S, Grellier P, Ndouo FST, Lebibi J, Pelinski L. One-pot microwave-assisted synthesis and antimalarial activity of ferrocenyl benzodiazepines. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20551j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Akgün E, Körner M, Gao F, Harkumar KG, Waser B, Reubi JC, Portoghese PS, Miller LJ. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of radioiodinatable benzodiazepines selective for type 1 and type 2 cholecystokinin receptors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2138-47. [PMID: 19271701 PMCID: PMC2666544 DOI: 10.1021/jm801439x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabeled antagonists of specific peptide receptors identify a higher number of receptor binding sites than agonists and may thus be preferable for in vivo tumor targeting. In this study, two novel radioiodinated 1,4-benzodiazepines, (S)-1-(3-iodophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)urea (9) and (R)-1-(3-iodophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)urea (7), were developed. They were characterized in vitro as high affinity selective antagonists at cholecystokinin types 1 and 2 (CCK(1) and CCK(2)) receptors using receptor binding, calcium mobilization, and internalization studies. Their binding to human tumor tissues was assessed with in vitro receptor autoradiography and compared with an established peptidic CCK agonist radioligand. The (125)I-labeled CCK(1) receptor-selective compound 9 often revealed a substantially higher amount of CCK(1) receptor binding sites in tumors than the agonist (125)I-CCK. Conversely, the radioiodinated CCK(2) receptor-selective compound 7 showed generally weaker tumor binding than (125)I-CCK. In conclusion, compound 9 is an excellent radioiodinated nonpeptidic antagonist ligand for direct and selective labeling of CCK(1) receptors in vitro. Moreover, it represents a suitable candidate to test antagonist binding to CCK(1) receptor-expressing tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Akgün
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Meike Körner
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Fan Gao
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Kaleeckal G. Harkumar
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Beatrice Waser
- Institute of Pathology of the University of Berne, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Institute of Pathology of the University of Berne, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Philip S. Portoghese
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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9
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Zheng Y, Akgün E, Harikumar KG, Hopson J, Powers MD, Lunzer MM, Miller LJ, Portoghese PS. Induced association of mu opioid (MOP) and type 2 cholecystokinin (CCK2) receptors by novel bivalent ligands. J Med Chem 2009; 52:247-58. [PMID: 19113864 DOI: 10.1021/jm800174p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both mu-opioid (MOP) and type 2 cholecystokinin (CCK2) receptors are present in areas of the central nervous system that are involved in modulation of pain processing. We conducted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) studies on COS cells coexpressing MOP and CCK2 receptors to determine whether receptor heterodimerization is involved in such modulation. These studies revealed the absence of constitutive or monovalent ligand-induced heterodimerization. Heterodimerization of MOP and CCK2 receptors therefore is unlikely to be responsible for the opposing effects between morphine and CCK in the CNS. However, association was induced, as indicated by a positive BRET signal, on exposure of the cells to bivalent ligands containing mu-opioid agonist and CCK2 receptor antagonist pharmacophores linked through spacers containing 16-22 atoms but not with a shorter (9-atom) spacer. These studies demonstrate for the first time that an appropriately designed bivalent ligand is capable of inducing association of G-protein-coupled receptors. The finding that opioid tolerance studies with these ligands in mice showed no correlation with the BRET data is consistent with the absence of association of MOP and CCK2 receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguo Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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10
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Rasmussen K. Section Review—Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems: Therapeutic Potential of Cholecystokinin-B Antagonists. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.4.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Lowe JA. Review: Central & Peripheral Nervous System: Cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.5.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Araújo AC, Nicotra F, Airoldi C, Costa B, Giagnoni G, Fumagalli P, Cipolla L. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Rigid 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-dione Chimeric Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Williams TM, Stump CA, Nguyen DN, Quigley AG, Bell IM, Gallicchio SN, Zartman CB, Wan BL, Penna KD, Kunapuli P, Kane SA, Koblan KS, Mosser SD, Rutledge RZ, Salvatore C, Fay JF, Vacca JP, Graham SL. Non-peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists from a benzodiazepinone lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2595-8. [PMID: 16527483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of the Merck sample collection identified benzodiazepinone tetralin-spirohydantoin 1 as a CGRP receptor antagonist with micromolar activity. Comparing the structure of 1 with those of earlier peptide-based antagonists such as BIBN 4096 BS, a key hydrogen bond donor-acceptor pharmacophore was hypothesized. Subsequent structure activity studies supported this hypothesis and led to benzodiazepinone piperidinyldihydroquinazolinone 7, CGRP receptor K(i)=44nM and IC(50)=38nM. Compound 7 was orally bioavailabile in rats and is a lead in the development of orally bioavailable CGRP antagonists for the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Williams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck & Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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14
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Malik F, Hasan M, Khan KM, Perveen S, Snatzke G, Voelter W, Duddeck H. Syntheses and CD Studies of New Optically Active Substituted 1,5-Benzodiazepine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Saemian N, Shirvani G, Matloubi H. Synthesis of carbon-14 analogue of N-(1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)-benzamide-[carboxyl-14C] as CCK-A antagonist. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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17
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18
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Lakhrissi B, Massoui M, Essassi EM, Lequart V, Joly N, Goethals G, Martin P. SYNTHESIS OF Ν,Ν'-DIGLUCOSYLATED BENZIMIDAZOL-2-ONE VIA AN UNEXPECTED REARRANGEMENT OF BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2005.11.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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Lakhrissi B, Essassi EM, Massoui M, Goethals G, Lequart V, Monflier E, Cecchelli R, Martin P. Synthesis and Amphiphilic Behavior ofN,N‐Bis‐glucosyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2,4‐dione. J Carbohydr Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/car-200039373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Lakhrissi B, Massoui M, Essassi EM, Lequart V, Joly N, Martin P, Goethals G. The unexpected rearrangement of 1,5-benzodiazepin-2,4-dione to a benzimidazol-2-one derivative duringN,N'-diglucosylation. J Heterocycl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Kumari S, Kalra N, Mishra P, Chutani K, Mishra A, Chopra M. Novel 99mTcradiolabeled quinazolinone derivative [Qn-In]: synthesis, evaluation and biodistribution studies in mice and rabbit. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:1087-95. [PMID: 15607491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2003] [Revised: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A quinazolinone derivative as a novel non-peptidic CCK-B receptor antagonist designated as Qn-In, was synthesized, characterized by spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for radiopharmaceutical potential. The efficiency of labeling with (99m)Tc was greater than 98% and the complex was stable for about 7 hours at 37 degrees C in presence of serum. Affinity of Qn-In was determined to be in nanomolar range by competitive binding studies on cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. Bio-distribution of (99m)Tc labeled Qn-In in mice was examined by intravenous administration and time-activity curves were generated. The ligand showed binding to most of the organs, known to express CCK-B receptor. The lack of uptake in brain may be due to the inability of the complex to cross the blood-brain barrier. Our results show that (99m)Tc labeled Qn-In ligand provides a new template for further development of non-peptidic ligands for diagnosis and therapy of diseases related with CCK-B receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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22
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Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a regulatory peptide hormone, predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract, and a neurotransmitter present throughout the nervous system. In the gastrointestinal system CCK regulates motility, pancreatic enzyme secretion, gastric emptying, and gastric acid secretion. In the nervous system CCK is involved in anxiogenesis, satiety, nociception, and memory and learning processes. Moreover, CCK interacts with other neurotransmitters in some areas of the CNS. The biological effects of CCK are mediated by two specific G protein coupled receptor subtypes, termed CCK(1) and CCK(2). Over the past fifteen years the search of CCK receptor ligands has evolved from the initial CCK structure derived peptides towards peptidomimetic or non-peptide agonists and antagonists with improved pharmacokinetic profile. This research has provided a broad assortment of potent and selective CCK(1) and CCK(2) antagonists of diverse chemical structure. These antagonists have been discovered through optimization programs of lead compounds which were designed based on the structures of the C-terminal tetrapeptide, CCK-4, or the non-peptide natural compound, asperlicin, or derived from random screening programs. This review covers the main pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of these CCK(1) and CCK(2) antagonist. CCK(1) antagonists might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of pancreatic disorders and as prokinetics for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, bowel disorders, and gastroparesis. On the other hand, CCK(2) antagonists might have application for the treatment of gastric acid secretion and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Herranz
- Instituto de Química Medica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Lattmann E, Sattayasai J, Billington DC, Poyner DR, Puapairoj P, Tiamkao S, Airarat W, Singh H, Offel M. Synthesis and evaluation of N1-substituted-3-propyl-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones as cholecystokinin (CCK2) receptor ligands. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:827-34. [PMID: 12078999 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021779005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic approach towards N1-alkylated 3-propyl-1,4-benzodiazepines was developed in five synthetic steps from 2-amino-4-chlorobenzophenone, in which the N-oxide 4 served as a key intermediate. The structure-activity relationship optimization of this 3-propyl-1,4-benzodiazepine template was carried out on the N1-position by selective alkylation reactions and resulted in a ligand with an improved affinity on the cholecystokinin (CCK2) receptor. The N-allyl-3-propyl-benzodiazepine 6d displayed an affinity towards the CCK2 (CCK-B) receptor of 170 nM in a radiolabelled receptor-binding assay. The anxiolytic activity of this allyl-3-propyl-1,4-benzodiazepine 6d was subsequently determined in in-vivo psychotropic assays. This novel ligand had ED50 values of 4.7 and 5.2 mg kg(-1) in the black and white box test and the x-maze, respectively, and no significant sedation/muscle relaxation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lattmann
- The School of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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24
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Piserchio A, Han Y, Chorev M, Mierke DF. Structural characterization of a cyclic dipeptidomimetic: the effect of ring size on a 1,2,5-trisubstituted-3-oxo-1,4-diazepine system. Biopolymers 2002; 64:16-25. [PMID: 11948438 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of dipeptidomimetics derived from C(alpha)(i)-to-N(i-1) side chain-to-backbone amide cyclization of adjacent amino acids are structurally characterized. The resulting ring systems are either 1,2,5-trisubstituted-3-oxo-1,4-diazepine (DAP) structurally related to benzodiazepines, commonly used in drug candidates and therapeutic agents, or higher homologs of it. Here, we examine the structural consequences of enlarging the ring size from seven members to eight-, nine-, and ten-membered rings. The structural features determined by high-resolution NMR methods, relying largely on homo- and heteronuclear coupling constants, indicate that variation of the ring leads to alternative conformations and topological orientations of the attached chemical moieties or functional groups. Controlling the topological display of the ring substituents required for biological action, using a molecular scaffold made up entirely of functional groups found in peptides, should facilitate the rational, stepwise transformation of peptide lead candidate into a nonpeptidic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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25
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Wyatt PG, Allen MJ, Chilcott J, Hickin G, Miller ND, Woollard PM. Structure-activity relationship investigations of a potent and selective benzodiazepine oxytocin antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1301-5. [PMID: 11392542 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the structure-activity relationships of the 1- and 3-substituents and replacements of the 5-phenyl group of GW405212X 1, a potent selective oxytocin antagonist. The effect of these modifications on oxytocin binding antagonism and on pharmacokinetic parameters is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Wyatt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Herts, UK.
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26
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Uehara T, Arai T, Haradahira T, Miyamoto S, Nakata H, Kaneko E, Suhara T, Suzuki K, Arano Y. Synthesis and preliminary studies of a new nonpeptide antagonist for in vivo imaging of cholecystokinin-a receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Lombardo F, Winter SM, Tremaine L, Lowe JA. The anxieties of drug discovery and development. CCK-B receptor antagonists. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 11:465-79. [PMID: 9760692 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47384-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Lombardo
- Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
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28
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Bouhlal D, Godé P, Goethals G, Massoui M, Villa P, Martin P. Synthesis and amphiphilic properties of glycosyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones. Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:207-14. [PMID: 11086701 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones were prepared by coupling polyhydroxylated groups at N-1 of the corresponding benzodiazepine. The groups include 1-deoxy-D,L-xylit-1-yl, 6-deoxy-D-glucopyranos-6-yl, and 6-deoxy-3-OR-D-glucopyranos-6-yl (R = n-CnH(2n +1); n = 8, 12, and 16). The structural variations of the sugar group allowed comparison of such amphiphilic data as water solubility (Sw), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and corresponding surface tension (gamma) values. At 25 degrees C, unsubstituted benzodiazepines have Sw values from 0.9 to 4.2 10(-3) mol L(-1), whereas xylit-1-yl and 6-deoxy-D-glucopyranos-6-yl derivatives are, respectively, 7.4-25 and 58-204 times more soluble. Also, compounds with R = n-C8H17 are more soluble than corresponding benzodiazepines (1.4-5.8 times) and give micelles with CMC from 2.7 to 5.6 10(-3) mol L(-1) and corresponding gamma from 29 to 37 mN m(-1). In contrast, compounds with R = n-C12H25 and n-C16H33 are not soluble enough to reach the critical micelle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bouhlal
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Agroressources, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
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Raju B, Kassir JM, Kogan TP. Solution-phase combinatorial synthesis of ureas using nitrophenylcarbamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:3043-8. [PMID: 9873673 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrophenylcarbamates were reacted with various amines to yield ureas. A high throughput purification of these crude products was achieved by using polymer bound scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Raju
- Department of Chemistry & Biophysics, Texas Biotechnology Corporation, Houston, USA
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Sugg EE, Birkemo L, Gan LS, Tippin TK. Orally active nonpeptide CCK-A agonists. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 11:507-24. [PMID: 9760694 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47384-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E E Sugg
- Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Haradahira T, Inoue O, Kobayashi K, Suzuki K. Synthesis and evaluation of 11C-labeled nonpeptide antagonists for cholecystokinin receptors: [11C]L-365,260 and [11C]L-365,346. Nucl Med Biol 1998; 25:203-8. [PMID: 9620624 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
11C-labeled cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonists, 3R(+)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-[11C]methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine- 3-yl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea ([11C]L-365,260) and its (S)-enantiomer ([11C]L-365,346), have been synthesized and evaluated in vivo for use in CCK receptor studies with positron emission tomography (PET). Selective N-methylation of a racemic precursor with [11C]iodomethane and subsequent optical resolution of the racemate with HPLC afforded optically pure [11C]L-365,260 and [11C]L-365,346, which are selective for CCK-B (central-type) receptors and CCK-A (peripheral-type) receptors, respectively. Biodistribution studies in mice showed very low brain uptakes (<0.8% dose/gram) of the radioactivities after intravenous injections of these compounds, although that of brain CCK-B receptor-selective [11C]L-365,260 was 2-fold that of [11C]L-365,346. In peripheral organs, uptake of the radioactivity in the pancreas was the highest among the organs tested after the injection of [11C]L-365,346 and was 3-fold that of [11C]L-365,260. It was also observed that high uptake of [11C]L-365,346 in rat pancreas was significantly inhibited by a simultaneous injection with a large dose of L-365,346 (3 mg/kg). These preliminary results suggest that the nonpeptide CCK antagonist [11C]L-365,346 may be useful for probing pancreatic CCK-A receptors by PET. Owing to the very low brain permeability, however, [11C]L-365,260 may have no potential as a PET tracer for probing brain CCK-B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Haradahira
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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32
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Kissin I, Lee SS, Arthur GR, Bradley EL. Effect of Midazolam on Development of Acute Tolerance to Alfentanil. Anesth Analg 1997. [DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199707000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Kissin I, Lee SS, Arthur GR, Bradley EL. Effect of midazolam on development of acute tolerance to alfentanil: the role of pharmacokinetic interactions. Anesth Analg 1997; 85:182-7. [PMID: 9212144 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199707000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study in rats was performed to explore whether the inhibitory effect of midazolam on the development of acute tolerance to the analgesic effect of alfentanil is due to pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Analgesia was determined with tail-compression and hot-plate tests. Alfentanil and midazolam concentrations in plasma and the brain were measured using a radioimmunoassay and chromatographic technique, respectively. After the 4-h period of alfentanil administration (155 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) after a 50-microg/kg bolus), when acute tolerance had already developed, midazolam (2-mg/kg bolus) enhanced the alfentanil-induced analgesia by 120% (P < 0.001) with the tail-compression test and 76% (P < 0.01) with the hot-plate test. At the height of midazolam-induced enhancement of the analgesic effect of alfentanil, the measurements of the alfentanil and midazolam plasma and brain concentrations did not demonstrate any significant changes in the drugs' concentrations. The results confirm that midazolam attenuates the development of acute tolerance to the analgesic effect of alfentanil and indicate that this interaction is not pharmacokinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kissin
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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34
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INCORPORATION OF CONFORMATIONALLY CONSTRAINED PHENYLALANINE DERIVATIVES TIC, SIC, HIC AND NIC INTO A CHOLECYSTOKININ-B/GASTRIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Butcher JW, Liverton NJ, Selnick HG, Elliot JM, Smith GR, Tebben AJ, Pribush DA, Wai JS, Claremon DA. Preparation of 3-amino-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones via direct azidation with trisyl azide. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)01475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Lowe JA, Qian W, McLean S, Bryce DK, Crawford RT, Olsson LC, Bordner J. Design of novel cholecystokinin-B receptor ligands based on the 'double-ring system' approach. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1996; 65:11-4. [PMID: 8876030 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(96)00066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A structurally novel series of cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor ligands has been designed and synthesized based on the 'double ring system' theory of receptor recognition. Compounds 2b-cis and 2g-cis from this 1-amino-2-benzyltetralin series show modest CCK-B receptor affinity, with IC50 values of 48.5 nM and 39.0 nM, respectively. The results are discussed in the context of ongoing efforts to identify the CCK-B receptor binding site for nonpeptide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lowe
- Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
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39
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Kalindjian S, Harper EA, Pether MJ. The synthesis of a radioligand with high potency and selectivity for CCKB/ gastrin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Semple G, Ryder H, Ohta M, Satoh M. A facile large scale synthesis of optically active 3-amino-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608086747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Semple G, Ryder H, Kendrick DA, Szelke M, Ohta M, Satoh M, Nishida A, Akuzawa S, Miyata K. Synthesis and biological activity of 1-alkylcarbonylmethyl analogues of YM022. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Synthesis and biological activity of 5-heteroaryl benzodiazepines: analogues of YM022. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00557-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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C5-piperazinyl-1,4-benzodiazepines, water-soluble, orally bioa vailable CCKB/gastrin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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45
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Malik F, Hasan M, Khan KM, Perveen S, Snatzke G, Duddeck H, Voelter W. Syntheses and CD studies of optically active substituted 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199510261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Okabe M, Sun RC. Improved synthesis of 2-amino-5-chlorophenyl-2′-pyrrylketone, a key intermediate in the synthesis of HIV Tat-antagonists. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(94)01053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is involved in regulation of every major physiological system and is an initiator or mediator of many pathophysiological conditions. Rapid progress in understanding these aspects of BK biology has come since the discovery of BK antagonists. This article reviews principal points in the history of the kallikrein-kinin field and of kinin biology. The chemistry and development of antagonists for B1 and B2 kinin receptors is discussed. Uses of the antagonists in biomedical research and potential clinical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Medical School, Denver 80262
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48
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Lowe JA, Qian W, Scott PJ, McLean S, Bryce DK, Crawford RT, Bordner J. 5,7-Diphenyl-3-ureidohexahydroazepin-2-ones as Cholecystokinin-B receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Bock MG, DiPardo RM, Newton RC, Bergman JM, Veber DF, Freedman SB, Smith AJ, Chapman KL, Patel S, Kemp JA. Selective non-peptide ligands for an accommodating peptide receptor. Imidazobenzodiazepines as potent cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:987-98. [PMID: 7712133 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of imidazobenzodiazepines, non-peptide antagonists of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), are described. Derived by chemical modification of the benzodiazepine ring system embedded within the CCK-B antagonist L-365,260, these compounds display CCK-B/CCK-A selectivity and some analogs have receptor binding affinities in the subnanomolar range. This group of novel imidazobenzodiazepines, among which N-[(2S,4R)-methyl-6-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2- alpha][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl]-N'-[3-methylphenyl]-urea (12) is the principal compound, expands the structural diversity of the collection of non-peptide CCK-B antagonists and will be useful in further delineating the function of CCK in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Bock
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486
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