1
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Kim J, Lee IN. Inactivation of bovine plasma amine oxidase by 1,1,1-trihalo-3-aminopropanes. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:265-273. [PMID: 29054071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the inactivation of copper containing bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO) by a series of saturated alkylamines containing halogen atoms at γ-position, which are 1,1,1-trihalo-3-aminopropane, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-3-aminopropane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-hydroxy-3-aminopropane, and 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-phenethyloxy)-3-aminopropane. The trihalo-2-hydroxypropylamine analogs exhibited a time-dependent inactivation behavior of BPAO, with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-3-aminopropane as the most efficient inactivator. The incorporation of a OH group at β-position increased inactivation efficiency by 10-fold within the trifluoro analogs, and the incorporation of a phenethyloxy group at β-position exhibited a higher efficiency by 3-fold within the trichloro analogs based on I75 values. All four compounds were found to be irreversible inactivators for BPAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Irene N Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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Inoue Y, Omodani T, Shiratake R, Sato F. Stereoselective synthesis of chiral β-amino trifluoromethyl alcohol: development of a manufacturing process for a key intermediate in the production of a novel elastase inhibitor, AE-3763. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Mlostoń G, Obijalska E, Heimgartner H. Synthesis of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols and their applications in organic synthesis. J Fluor Chem 2010; 131:829-843. [PMID: 32287377 PMCID: PMC7125969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview on methods applied for syntheses of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols, including stereocontrolled variants, is presented. In addition, reported cases of the exploration of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols for the preparation of trifluoromethylated peptidomimetics and other biologically active, fluorinated compounds are discussed. Attractive opportunities for their applications as organocatalysts are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Obijalska
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Ma JA, Cahard D. Update 1 of: Asymmetric fluorination, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation reactions. Chem Rev 2008; 108:PR1-43. [PMID: 18798358 DOI: 10.1021/cr800221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 753] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Grobe J, Hegge J. Electrochemical and Chemical Syntheses of Trifluoromethylating Reagents and Trifluoromethyl Substituted Compounds. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Kirk KL. Fluorination in Medicinal Chemistry: Methods, Strategies, and Recent Developments. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op700134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 953] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Kirk
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
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7
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Mulgrew AT, Taggart CC, McElvaney NG. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Current Concepts. Lung 2007; 185:191-201. [PMID: 17562108 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-007-9009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the condition was first described four decades ago, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency has served as a model for other disease processes. A1AT is the archetypal serpin designed to ensnare proteases, a process that involves significant conformational change within the molecule. Mutations in the A1AT gene lead to misfolding of the protein and accumulation within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes resulting in two different pathologic processes. First, the accumulation of mutant A1AT protein has a directly toxic effect on the liver, resulting in hepatitis and cirrhosis. Second, the resultant decrease in circulating A1AT results in protease-antiprotease imbalance at the lung surface and emphysema ensues. A1AT deficiency therefore can be seen as two distinct disease processes: a conformational disease of the liver and a protease-antiprotease imbalance of the lung. This two-stage model of disease in A1AT deficiency is elegant in its simplicity and goes a long way to explaining the clinical manifestations that occur in patients with the condition. However, some aspects of the disease are not readily explained. Recent findings suggest that there is more to the lung damage in A1AT deficiency than simple proteolytic insult and that the presence of the mutant protein itself is proinflammatory and may indeed cause chronic injury to the cells that produce it. This review discusses some of the emerging concepts in alpha-1-antitrypsin research and outlines the implications these new ideas may have for treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Mulgrew
- Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Diamond Health Centre, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z1M9.
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8
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Sydnes MO, Hayashi Y, Sharma VK, Hamada T, Bacha U, Barrila J, Freire E, Kiso Y. Synthesis of glutamic acid and glutamine peptides possessing a trifluoromethyl ketone group as SARS-CoV 3CL protease inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2006; 62:8601-8609. [PMID: 32287416 PMCID: PMC7111793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl-β-amino alcohol 11 [(4S)-tert-butyl 4-amino-6,6,6-trifluoro-5-hydroxyhexanoate] was synthesized in five steps starting from Cbz-l-Glu-OH 5 where the key step involved the introduction of the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group to oxazolidinone 7, resulting in the formation of silyl ether 8 [(4S,5S)-benzyl 4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(trimethylsilyloxy)oxazolidine-3-carboxylate]. Compound 11 was then converted into four tri- and tetra-glutamic acid and glutamine peptides (1-4) possessing a CF3-ketone group that exhibited inhibitory activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protease (SARS-CoV 3CLpro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Vinay K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Usman Bacha
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Barrila
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ernesto Freire
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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9
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Yin J, Huffman MA, Conrad KM, Armstrong JD. Highly Diastereoselective Catalytic Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley Reductions. J Org Chem 2005; 71:840-3. [PMID: 16409008 DOI: 10.1021/jo052121t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Very practical synthesis of ephedrine analogues in high yields and enantiopurity was realized by a highly diastereoselective Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction of protected alpha-amino aromatic ketones using catalytic aluminum isopropoxide. The high anti selectivity resulted from the chelation of the nitrogen anion to the aluminum. In contrast, high syn selectivity was obtained with alpha-alkoxy ketones and other compounds via Felkin-Ahn control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Yin
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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10
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Belov VN, Müller M, Ignatenko O, Hallier E, de Meijere A. Facile Access to Isotopically Labelled Valylleucyl Anilides as Biomarkers for the Quantification of Hemoglobin Adducts to Toxic Electrophiles. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Ma JA, Cahard D. Asymmetric fluorination, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation reactions. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6119-46. [PMID: 15584697 DOI: 10.1021/cr030143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Ma
- UMR 6014 CNRS de Institut de Recherche en Chimie Organique Fine, Université de Rouen, Rue Tesnière, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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12
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Skiles JW, Jeng AY. Therapeutic promises of leukocyte elastase and macrophage metalloelastase inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.7.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Ambo A, Terashima T, Sasaki Y. Novel [D-Arg2]dermorphin(1-4) analogs with mu-opioid receptor antagonist activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1401-3. [PMID: 12372875 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ten Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-betaAla-NH(2) (YRFB) analogs in which specific amino acid side chains are shifted to the N(alpha)-position were synthesized, and the binding to these analogs to the mu receptor and their in vitro biological properties were evaluated. Some analogs in which a N,N-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)-Gly residue was substituted for Tyr(1) exhibited mu receptor antagonist activities (pA(2)) between 5.3 and 6.1. Of these analogs, [N,N-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)-Gly(1)]YRFB was found to be the most potent specific antagonist for the mu-opioid receptor.
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14
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Liguori A, Napoli A, Siciliano C, Sindona G. Facile approach to enantiomerically pure alpha-amino ketones by Friedel-Crafts aminoacylation and their conversion into peptidyl ketones. J Org Chem 2001; 66:7002-7. [PMID: 11597220 DOI: 10.1021/jo010414q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article we describe a versatile and straightforward preparative approach to chiral aryl alpha-amino ketones via a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction of stable and enantiomerically pure N-Fmoc protected L-amino acid chlorides with toluene in the presence of aluminum trichloride. The developed methodology provided aryl alpha-amino-p-methylphenyl ketones, which can be obtained and isolated as free bases or recovered as their N-acetyl derivatives, after treatment with acetic anhydride in chloroform at room temperature, subsequent to the Lewis acid induced removal of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group. The Friedel-Crafts-like process and the cleavage of the amino function masking group can selectively be performed since, as verified in all cases, the alpha-aminoacylation step occurred with kinetics that were faster than those required to remove the N-protection. The presented approach was also explored as a facile and useful synthetic tool for the preparation of optically pure ketone di- and tripeptides. These compounds can be obtained in exceptionally overall yields without need of chromatographic purification. Moreover, either aryl alpha-amino ketones or modified di- and tripeptides, in all cases, can be isolated in very high chemical and optical purity without recourse to resolution of diastereomeric mixtures, since the chiralities of the asymmetric amino acid educts were completely conserved throughout the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 15/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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15
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Coakley RJ, Taggart C, O'Neill S, McElvaney NG. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: biological answers to clinical questions. Am J Med Sci 2001; 321:33-41. [PMID: 11202478 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200101000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) deficiency is a common lethal hereditary disorder of white persons of European descent. The condition is characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha1AT, a 52-kDa glycoprotein synthesized chiefly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, by macrophages and neutrophils. Alpha1AT acts as an antiprotease and is the physiological inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase cathepsin G and proteinase 3. The clinical manifestations of alpha1AT deficiency occur chiefly in the lung, with a high risk of emphysema occurring by the third or fourth decade of life. Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of emphysema in persons with alpha1AT deficiency. There is also an increased risk of liver disease in alpha1AT deficiency, which occurs mostly in childhood. In this review, we will define further the diagnosis of alpha1AT deficiency and its clinical manifestations and describe the therapeutic strategies that are currently being developed to treat the hepatic and pulmonary disease associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Coakley
- Pulmonary Division, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Garrett GS, McPhail SJ, Tornheim K, Correa PE, McIver JM. Synthesis of potent and selective inhibitors of human plasma kallikrein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:301-6. [PMID: 10091673 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro enzyme inhibition profile of a series of novel trifluoromethylketone (TFMK) inhibitors of human plasma kallikrein (PK) are described. We have developed an efficient method for the construction of peptide TFMKs that provides the final product devoid of compromised stereochemical integrity. Many of these compounds are potent inhibitors of PK and exhibit reduced inhibition of tissue kallikrein (TK) and plasmin (HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Garrett
- Corporate Research Division, Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45253-8707, USA
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17
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Poupart MA, Fazal G, Goulet S, Mar LT. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptidyl Trifluoromethyl Ketones. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9815204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Poupart
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Bio-Méga Research Division, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, Canada H7S 2G5
| | - Gulrez Fazal
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Bio-Méga Research Division, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, Canada H7S 2G5
| | - Sylvie Goulet
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Bio-Méga Research Division, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, Canada H7S 2G5
| | - Ly Thy Mar
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Bio-Méga Research Division, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, Canada H7S 2G5
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18
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Percy JM, Prime ME, Broadhurst MJ. Concise Syntheses of γ-Oxo-β,β-difluorinated Amino Acids via Chelated [3,3]-Rearrangement of Difluoroallylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Percy
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Prime
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Broadhurst
- Roche Discovery Welwyn, 40 Broadwater Way, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AY, United Kingdom
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19
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Surya Prakash
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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21
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22
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Imaki K, Okada T, Nakayama Y, Nagao Y, Kobayashi K, Sakai Y, Mohri T, Amino T, Nakai H, Kawamura M. Non-peptidic inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase: the design and synthesis of sulfonanilide-containing inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:2115-34. [PMID: 9022976 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(96)00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pivaloyloxy benzene derivatives has been identified as potent and selective human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. Convergent syntheses were developed in order to identify the inhibitors which are intravenously effective in an animal model. A compound of particular interest is the sulfonanilide-containing analogues. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Structural requirements for metabolic stabilization are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Imaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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23
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24
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Walter MW, Felici A, Galleni M, Soto RP, Adlington RM, Baldwin JE, Frère JM, Gololobov M, Schofield CJ. Trifluoromethyl alcohol and ketone inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Boschetti CE, Mascaretti OA, Cricco JA, Roveri OA. Synthesis and elastase inhibitory activity of 6 alpha-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-3 alpha-(pivaloyloxy)methylpenam sulfone, 6 alpha-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-3-exo-methylenepenam sulfone, benzyl and methyl 6 alpha-substituted penicillanate sulfones. Bioorg Med Chem 1995; 3:95-100. [PMID: 8612051 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(94)00151-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The triflates and pivalates of 3 alpha-hydroxymethyl-6-substituted-2,2-dimethylpenam sulfones 3, 5; methyl and benzyl 6-substituted penicillanates 6-9 and 3-exo-methylene-6-substituted-2,2-dimethylpenam sulfone 4 were synthesized. These novel compounds were evaluated as elastase inhibitors using porcine pancreatic elastase. The effects that structural modifications of substituents on C-3 and C-6 in the penam nucleus have on elastase activity were examined and several similarities and distinctions were identified when compared to the reported penicillin esters and amides elastase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Boschetti
- Instituto de Química Orgánica de Síntesis (CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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26
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Stereoselective synthesis and inhibitor properties towards human leucocyte elastase of chiral β-peptidyl trifluoromethyl alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)80061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Abstract
For more than two decades investigators around the world, in both academic and industrial institutions, have been developing inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. A number of very elegant and insightful strategies have been reported. In the case of reversible peptidic inhibitors, this has resulted in the identification of some extremely potent compounds with dissociation constants in the 10(-11) M range. This is quite an accomplishment considering that these low molecular-weight inhibitors are only tri- and tetrapeptides. In the case of the heterocyclic-based inhibitors, the challenge of balancing the heterocycle's inherent reactivity and aqueous stability with the stability of the enzyme-inhibitor adduct has been meet by either using a latent, reactive functionality which is only activated within the enzyme, or by incorporating features which selectively obstruct deacylation but have little effect on the enzyme acylation step. The underlying goal of this research has been the identification of agents to treat diseases associated with HNE. Several animal models have been developed for evaluating the in vivo activity of elastase inhibitors, and compounds have been shown to be effective in all of these models by the intravenous, intratrachael or oral routes of administration. However, only a very small percentage of compounds have possessed all the necessary properties, including lack of toxicity, for progression into the clinic. The peptidyl TFMK ICI 200,880 (25-12) has many of the desired characteristics of a drug to treat the diseases associated with HNE: chemical stability, in vitro and in vivo activity, a long duration of action, and adequate metabolic stability. Currently ICI 200,880 is the only low molecular-weight HNE inhibitor known to be undergoing clinical trials, and may be the compound which finally demonstrates the clinical utility of a synthetic HNE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Edwards
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, ZENECA Pharmaceuticals Group, A Business Unit of ZENECA Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19897
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28
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Bernstein PR, Edwards PD, Williams JC. Inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1994; 31:59-120. [PMID: 8029481 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P R Bernstein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ZENECA Inc., Wilmington, DE 19897
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29
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Chapter 20. Human Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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30
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Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase. 5. Inhibition by 6-alkyl substituted penem benzyl esters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Molla A, Hellen CU, Wimmer E. Inhibition of proteolytic activity of poliovirus and rhinovirus 2A proteinases by elastase-specific inhibitors. J Virol 1993; 67:4688-95. [PMID: 8392608 PMCID: PMC237854 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.8.4688-4695.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyprotein cleavage assay has been developed to assay the proteolytic activities in vitro of the 2A proteinases encoded by poliovirus and human rhinovirus 14, which are representative members of the Enterovirus and Rhinovirus genera of picornaviruses, respectively. The elastase-specific substrate-based inhibitors elastatinal and methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethylketone (MPCMK) inhibited both 2A proteinases in vitro. The electrophoretic mobilities of both 2A proteinases were reduced upon incubation with elastatinal, whereas the mobility of a Cys-109-->Ala poliovirus 2Apro mutant was unchanged, an observation suggesting that this inhibitor may have formed a covalent bond with the active-site Cys-109 nucleophile. Iodoacetamide, calpain inhibitor 1, and antipain inhibited poliovirus 2Apro. MPCMK caused a reduction in the yields of the enteroviruses poliovirus type 1 and coxsackievirus A21 and of human rhinovirus 2 in infected HeLa cells but did not affect the growth of encephalomyocarditis virus, a picornavirus of the Cardiovirus genus. MPCMK abrogated the shutoff of host cell protein synthesis that is induced by enterovirus and rhinovirus infection and reduced the synthesis of virus-encoded polypeptides in infected cells. These results indicate that the determinants of substrate recognition by 2A proteinases resemble those of pancreatic and leukocyte elastases. These results may be relevant to the development of broad-range chemotherapeutic agents against entero- and rhinoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molla
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8621
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Skiles JW, Sorcek R, Jacober S, Miao C, Mui PW, McNeil D, Rosenthal AS. elastase inhibitors containing conformationally restricted lactams as P3-P2 dipeptide replacements. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Simon RJ, Kania RS, Zuckermann RN, Huebner VD, Jewell DA, Banville S, Ng S, Wang L, Rosenberg S, Marlowe CK. Peptoids: a modular approach to drug discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:9367-71. [PMID: 1409642 PMCID: PMC50132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptoids, oligomers of N-substituted glycines, are described as a motif for the generation of chemically diverse libraries of novel molecules. Ramachandran-type plots were calculated and indicate a greater diversity of conformational states available for peptoids than for peptides. The monomers incorporate t-butyl-based side-chain and 9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl alpha-amine protection. The controlled oligomerization of the peptoid monomers was performed manually and robotically with in situ activation by either benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate or bromotris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexaflurophosphate. Other steps were identical to peptide synthesis using alpha-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)amino acids. A total of 15 monomers and 10 oligomers (peptoids) are described. Preliminary data are presented on the stability of a representative oligopeptoid to enzymatic hydrolysis. Peptoid versions of peptide ligands of three biological systems (bovine pancreatic alpha-amylase, hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase, and human immunodeficiency virus transactivator-responsive element RNA) were found with affinities comparable to those of the corresponding peptides. The potential use of libraries of these compounds in receptor- or enzyme-based assays is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Simon
- Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608
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