1
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Rani S, Aslam S, Lal K, Noreen S, Alsader KAM, Hussain R, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Electrochemical C-H/C-C Bond Oxygenation: A Potential Technology for Plastic Depolymerization. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300331. [PMID: 38063812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we provide eco-friendly and safely operated electrocatalytic methods for the selective oxidation directly or with water, air, light, metal catalyst or other mediators serving as the only oxygen supply. Heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants, or harsh conditions were drawbacks of earlier oxidative cleavage techniques. It has recently come to light that a crucial stage in the deconstruction of plastic waste and the utilization of biomass is the selective activation of inert C(sp3 )-C/H(sp3 ) bonds, which continues to be a significant obstacle in the chemical upcycling of resistant polyolefin waste. An appealing alternative to chemical oxidations using oxygen and catalysts is direct or indirect electrochemical conversion. An essential transition in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the electrochemical oxidation of C-H/C-C bonds. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge approaches to chemically recycle commercial plastics and feasible C-C/C-H bonds oxygenation routes for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lal
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, D.G. Khan Campus, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- West Herts College - University of Hertfordshire, Watford, WD17 3EZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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2
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Shen T, Li YL, Ye KY, Lambert TH. Electrophotocatalytic oxygenation of multiple adjacent C-H bonds. Nature 2023; 614:275-280. [PMID: 36473497 PMCID: PMC10436356 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-containing functional groups are nearly ubiquitous in complex small molecules. The installation of multiple C-O bonds by the concurrent oxygenation of contiguous C-H bonds in a selective fashion would be highly desirable but has largely been the purview of biosynthesis. Multiple, concurrent C-H bond oxygenation reactions by synthetic means presents a challenge1-6, particularly because of the risk of overoxidation. Here we report the selective oxygenation of two or three contiguous C-H bonds by dehydrogenation and oxygenation, enabling the conversion of simple alkylarenes or trifluoroacetamides to their corresponding di- or triacetoxylates. The method achieves such transformations by the repeated operation of a potent oxidative catalyst, but under conditions that are sufficiently selective to avoid destructive overoxidation. These reactions are achieved using electrophotocatalysis7, a process that harnesses the energy of both light and electricity to promote chemical reactions. Notably, the judicious choice of acid allows for the selective synthesis of either di- or trioxygenated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Lun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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3
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Shen T, Lambert TH. C-H Amination via Electrophotocatalytic Ritter-type Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8597-8602. [PMID: 34076424 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A method for C-H bond amination via an electrophotocatalytic Ritter-type reaction is described. The reaction is catalyzed by a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion in an electrochemical cell under irradiation. These conditions convert benzylic C-H bonds to acetamides without the use of a stoichiometric chemical oxidant. A range of functionality is shown to be compatible with this transformation, and several complex substrates are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Fallica AN, Pittalà V, Modica MN, Salerno L, Romeo G, Marrazzo A, Helal MA, Intagliata S. Recent Advances in the Development of Sigma Receptor Ligands as Cytotoxic Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7926-7962. [PMID: 34076441 PMCID: PMC8279423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since their discovery
as distinct receptor proteins, the specific
physiopathological role of sigma receptors (σRs) has been deeply
investigated. It has been reported that these proteins, classified
into two subtypes indicated as σ1 and σ2, might play a pivotal role in cancer growth, cell proliferation,
and tumor aggressiveness. As a result, the development of selective
σR ligands with potential antitumor properties attracted significant
attention as an emerging theme in cancer research. This perspective
deals with the recent advances of σR ligands as novel cytotoxic
agents, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. An up-to-date
description of the medicinal chemistry of selective σ1R and σ2R ligands with antiproliferative and cytotoxic
activities has been provided, including major pharmacophore models
and comprehensive structure–activity relationships for each
main class of σR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino N Fallica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- University of Science and Technology, Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, sixth of October, Giza 12578, Egypt.,Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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5
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Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are incorporated in various approved drugs and drug candidates. The increasing interest in less planar bioactive compounds has given rise to the development of synthetic methodologies for the preparation of spirocyclic scaffolds. In this Perspective, we summarize the diverse synthetic routes to obtain spirocyclic systems. The impact of spirocycles on potency and selectivity, including the aspect of stereochemistry, is discussed. Furthermore, we examine the changes in physicochemical properties as well as in in vitro and in vivo ADME using selected studies that compare spirocyclic compounds to their nonspirocyclic counterparts. In conclusion, the value of spirocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Li Q, Yu L, Wei Y, Shi M. Synthesis of Diiodinated All-Carbon 3,3′-Diphenyl-1,1′-spirobiindene Derivatives via Cascade Enyne Cyclization and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9282-9296. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhe Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liuzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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7
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Schroeder R, Grenning AJ. Accessing the decarboxylative allylation–divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement from the ketone/aldehyde substrate pool. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Clark JR, Feng K, Sookezian A, White MC. Manganese-catalysed benzylic C(sp 3)-H amination for late-stage functionalization. Nat Chem 2018; 10:583-591. [PMID: 29713037 PMCID: PMC6217814 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactions that directly install nitrogen into C-H bonds of complex molecules are significant because of their potential to change the chemical and biological properties of a given compound. Although selective intramolecular C-H amination reactions are known, achieving high levels of reactivity while maintaining excellent site selectivity and functional-group tolerance remains a challenge for intermolecular C-H amination. Here, we report a manganese perchlorophthalocyanine catalyst [MnIII(ClPc)] for intermolecular benzylic C-H amination of bioactive molecules and natural products that proceeds with unprecedented levels of reactivity and site selectivity. In the presence of a Brønsted or Lewis acid, the [MnIII(ClPc)]-catalysed C-H amination demonstrates unique tolerance for tertiary amine, pyridine and benzimidazole functionalities. Mechanistic studies suggest that C-H amination likely proceeds through an electrophilic metallonitrene intermediate via a stepwise pathway where C-H cleavage is the rate-determining step of the reaction. Collectively, these mechanistic features contrast with previous base-metal-catalysed C-H aminations and provide new opportunities for tunable selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Clark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kaibo Feng
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anasheh Sookezian
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Christina White
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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9
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Hamdouchi C, Kahl SD, Patel Lewis A, Cardona GR, Zink RW, Chen K, Eessalu TE, Ficorilli JV, Marcelo MC, Otto KA, Wilbur KL, Lineswala JP, Piper JL, Coffey DS, Sweetana SA, Haas JV, Brooks DA, Pratt EJ, Belin RM, Deeg MA, Ma X, Cannady EA, Johnson JT, Yumibe NP, Chen Q, Maiti P, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Chen Y, Reifel Miller A. The Discovery, Preclinical, and Early Clinical Development of Potent and Selective GPR40 Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (LY2881835, LY2922083, and LY2922470). J Med Chem 2016; 59:10891-10916. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chafiq Hamdouchi
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Steven D. Kahl
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Anjana Patel Lewis
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Guemalli R. Cardona
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Richard W. Zink
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Keyue Chen
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Thomas E. Eessalu
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - James V. Ficorilli
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Marialuisa C. Marcelo
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Keith A. Otto
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kelly L. Wilbur
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jayana P. Lineswala
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jared L. Piper
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - D. Scott Coffey
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Sweetana
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joseph V. Haas
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Dawn A. Brooks
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Ruth M. Belin
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Mark A. Deeg
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Xiaosu Ma
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Ellen A. Cannady
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jason T. Johnson
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Nathan P. Yumibe
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Pranab Maiti
- Jubilant Biosys Research Center, 560 022 Bangalore, India
| | - Chahrzad Montrose-Rafizadeh
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yanyun Chen
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Anne Reifel Miller
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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10
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Al-Duaij OK, Ben Hamadi N, Khezemi L. Asymmetric Cycloaddition: An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure Isoxazolines Substituted with Carbohydrate Analogues. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar K. Al-Duaij
- Chemistry Department, College of Science; IMSIU (Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University); Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naoufel Ben Hamadi
- Laboratory of Synthesis Heterocyclic and Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir; Boulevard of Environment; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science; IMSIU (Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University); Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Khezemi
- Laboratory of Synthesis Heterocyclic and Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir; Boulevard of Environment; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
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11
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Synthesis of benzo-fused spiropiperidines through a regioselective free radical-mediated cyclization as key step: a suitable alternative towards the lead σ-1 receptor ligand L-687384. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Sharma G, Sharma R, Sharma M, Dandia A, Bansal P. Synthesis and synergistic, additive inhibitory effects of novel spiro derivatives against ringworm infections. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201303014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Dandia A, Jain AK, Laxkar AK. Synthesis and biological evaluation of highly functionalized dispiro heterocycles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra00170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Vachal P, Miao S, Pierce JM, Guiadeen D, Colandrea VJ, Wyvratt MJ, Salowe SP, Sonatore LM, Milligan JA, Hajdu R, Gollapudi A, Keohane CA, Lingham RB, Mandala SM, DeMartino JA, Tong X, Wolff M, Steinhuebel D, Kieczykowski GR, Fleitz FJ, Chapman K, Athanasopoulos J, Adam G, Akyuz CD, Jena DK, Lusen JW, Meng J, Stein BD, Xia L, Sherer EC, Hale JJ. 1,3,8-Triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-diones as Efficacious Pan-Inhibitors of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 1–3 (HIF PHD1–3) for the Treatment of Anemia. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2945-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vachal
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shouwu Miao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joan M. Pierce
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Deodial Guiadeen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Vincent J. Colandrea
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew J. Wyvratt
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Scott P. Salowe
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lisa M. Sonatore
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James A. Milligan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard Hajdu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anantha Gollapudi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carol A. Keohane
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Russell B. Lingham
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suzanne M. Mandala
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Julie A. DeMartino
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xinchun Tong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Wolff
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dietrich Steinhuebel
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gerard R. Kieczykowski
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Fred J. Fleitz
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin Chapman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John Athanasopoulos
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gregory Adam
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Can D. Akyuz
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Jena
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Lusen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Juncai Meng
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Stein
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lei Xia
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C. Sherer
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Hale
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Infectious Diseases; §Immunology; ∥Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; ⊥Process Research; #Target Validation; ▽Information Technology; ○Chemistry Modeling
and Informatics. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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15
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Tacke R, Bertermann R, Burschka C, Dörrich S, Fischer M, Müller B, Meyerhans G, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Arnason I, Bjornsson R. High-Affinity, Selective σ Ligands of the 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,4′-silaspiro[naphthalene-1,4′-piperidine] Type: Syntheses, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties. ChemMedChem 2011; 7:523-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Reddy BVS, Borkar P, Yadav JS, Sridhar B, Grée R. Tandem Prins/Friedel–Crafts Cyclization for Stereoselective Synthesis of Heterotricyclic Systems. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7677-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201027u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - René Grée
- Université de Rennes 1, Laboratoire SCR, CNRS UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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17
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18
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Chang MY, Lin CH, Chen YL, Chang CY, Hsu RT. BF3-Promoted Synthesis of Diarylhexahydrobenzo[f]isoquinoline. Org Lett 2010; 12:1176-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100072n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, and Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Luju, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, and Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Luju, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, and Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Luju, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, and Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Luju, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Ting Hsu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, and Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Luju, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
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19
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Suzuki H, Utsunomiya I, Shudo K. Synthesis and Application of [1,2,5]Triazepane and [1,2,5]Oxadiazepane as Versatile Structural Units for Drug Discovery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1001-2. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Chu GH, Le Bourdonnec B, Gu M, Saeui CT, Dolle RE. General and efficient synthetic approach to novel tricyclic spiroketones. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Suzuki T, Moriya M, Sakamoto T, Suga T, Kishino H, Takahashi H, Ishikawa M, Nagai K, Imai Y, Sekino E, Ito M, Iwaasa H, Ishihara A, Tokita S, Kanatani A, Sato N, Fukami T. Discovery of novel spiro-piperidine derivatives as highly potent and selective melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3072-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Takahashi T, Haga Y, Sakamoto T, Moriya M, Okamoto O, Nonoshita K, Shibata T, Suga T, Takahashi H, Hirohashi T, Sakuraba A, Gomori A, Iwaasa H, Ohe T, Ishihara A, Ishii Y, Kanatani A, Fukami T. Aryl urea derivatives of spiropiperidines as NPY Y5 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3511-6. [PMID: 19464889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuing medicinal chemistry studies to identify spiropiperidine-derived NPY Y5 receptor antagonists are described. Aryl urea derivatives of a variety of spiropiperidines were tested for their NPY Y5 receptor binding affinities. Of the spiropiperidines so far examined, spiro[3-oxoisobenzofurane-1(3H),4'-piperidine] was a useful scaffold for producing orally active NPY Y5 receptor antagonists. Oral administration of 5c significantly inhibited the Y5 agonist-induced food intake in rats with a minimum effective dose of 3mg/kg. In addition, this compound was efficacious in decreasing body weight in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan
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23
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Lin W, Gupta A, Kim KH, Mendel D, Miller MJ. Syntheses of new spirocarbocyclic nucleoside analogs using iminonitroso Diels-Alder reactions. Org Lett 2009; 11:449-52. [PMID: 19072701 DOI: 10.1021/ol802553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Cbz- and Boc-protected spirocyclic dienes were prepared by dialkylation of cyclopentadiene. These dienes coupled efficiently in a series of iminonitroso Diels-Alder reactions to produce a series of new spirocyclic adducts. Hydrogenolysis of these adducts afforded new spirocycles that contain multiple handles for further functionalization. Furthermore, stereocontrolled dihydroxylation and reductive cleavage of the spirocyclic adducts generated versatile scaffolds for the syntheses and derivatization of novel spirocyclic carbocyclic nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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24
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Brice H, Clayden J. Doubly dearomatising intramolecular coupling of a nucleophilic and an electrophilic heterocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1964-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b901558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Practical and divergent synthesis of 1- and 5-substituted 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes and undecan-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Arnott G, Brice H, Clayden J, Blaney E. Electrophile-induced dearomatizing spirocyclization of N-arylisonicotinamides: a route to spirocyclic piperidines. Org Lett 2008; 10:3089-92. [PMID: 18553971 DOI: 10.1021/ol801092s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of N-arylisonicotinamides with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride triggers intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the aryl ring on the 4-position of the pyridinium intermediate. The products are spirocyclic dihydropyridines which can be converted to valuable spirocyclic piperidines related to biologically active molecules such as MK-677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Arnott
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Prusov E, Maier ME. Synthesis of nitrogen-containing spirocyclic scaffolds via aminoallylation/RCM sequence. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Pasternak A, Marino D, Vicario PP, Ayala JM, Cascierri MA, Parsons W, Mills SG, Maccoss M, Yang L. Novel, Orally Bioavailable γ-Aminoamide CC Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4801-4. [PMID: 16884289 DOI: 10.1021/jm060439n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Through modification of a screening hit we have discovered a structurally distinct new lead, (2S)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)butanamide (11), which has subsequently served as the departure point for an ongoing program targeting CCR2 antagonists. Optimization of 11 leading to antagonists 26 and 37 is described. Antagonist 26 was shown to have good oral bioavailability in rats. Antagonist 37 had a CCR2 IC50 of 59 nM and excellent potency in a functional assay measuring inhibition of MCP-1 induced monocyte chemotaxis (IC50 of 41 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pasternak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Immunology/Rheumatology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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29
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A Sequential Cyclization Route to Spiroindanyl Heterocycles through Olefin Metathesis and Free Radical Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2005. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.2.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Imamura S, Ishihara Y, Hattori T, Kurasawa O, Matsushita Y, Sugihara Y, Kanzaki N, Iizawa Y, Baba M, Hashiguchi S. CCR5 antagonists as anti-HIV-1 agents. 1. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:63-73. [PMID: 14709870 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel lead compound, N-(3-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]propyl)-1-methyl-5-oxo-N-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide (1), was identified as a CCR5 antagonist by high-throughput screening using [(125)I]RANTES and CCR5-expressing CHO cells. The IC(50) value of 1 was 1.9 microM. In an effort to improve the binding affinity of 1, a series of 5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamides was synthesized. Introduction of 3,4-dichloro substituents to the central phenyl ring (10i, IC(50)=0.057 microM; 11b, IC(50)=0.050 microM) or replacing the 1-methyl group of the 5-oxopyrrolidine moiety with a 1-benzyl group (12e, IC(50)=0.038 microM) was found to be effective for improving CCR5 affinity. Compound 10i, 11b, and 12e also inhibited CCR5-using HIV-1 envelope-mediated membrane fusion with IC(50) values of 0.44, 0.19, and 0.49 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Imamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., 2-17-85 Jusohonmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
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31
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Xie JS, Huang CQ, Fang YY, Zhu YF. A convenient synthesis of 1′-H-spiro-(indoline-3,4′-piperidine) and its derivatives. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Ankersen M. Growth hormone secretagogues: discovery of small orally active molecules by peptidomimetic strategies. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 39:173-214. [PMID: 12536673 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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33
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Tacke R, Handmann VI, Bertermann R, Burschka C, Penka M, Seyfried C. Sila-Analogues of High-Affinity, Selective σ Ligands of the Spiro[indane-1,4‘-piperidine] Type: Syntheses, Structures, and Pharmacological Properties. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om020354u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Maier CA, Wünsch B. Novel spiropiperidines as highly potent and subtype selective sigma-receptor ligands. Part 1. J Med Chem 2002; 45:438-48. [PMID: 11784148 DOI: 10.1021/jm010992z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,4'-piperidines] and spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidines] of general structure 10 is prepared, and the affinity for sigma(1)- and sigma(2)-receptors is investigated by means of radioligand binding assays. The synthesis of the spiropiperidines 14a and 23 proceeds from bromine/lithium exchange of the bromoacetals 11 and 21, addition to piperidin-4-one 12a, and subsequent cyclization. Systematic variations of the substituent R at the nitrogen atom, the group X in position 3, and the ring size of the oxygen heterocycle are performed. The sigma(1)- and sigma(2)-receptor affinities are determined with guinea pig brain and rat liver membrane preparations using [(3)H]-labeled (+)-pentazocine and ditolylguanidine, respectively. Test results show that a benzyl residue at the piperidine nitrogen atom and a methoxy group in position 3 are advantageous for high sigma(1)-receptor affinity. In this series the 1'-benzyl-3-methoxy-3,4-dihydrospiro[[2]benzopyran-1,4'-piperidine] (14a) and the 1'-benzyl-3-methoxy-3H-spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] (23) are among the most potent sigma(1)-ligands interacting in the low nanomolar range with sigma(1)-receptors (14a, K(i) = 1.29 nM; 23, K(i) = 1.14 nM). Variation of the nitrogen substituent R from benzyl to H, alkyl, phenyl, or omega-phenylalkyl and the group X from methoxy to hydroxy, carbonyl, or alkyloxy led to reduced sigma(1)-receptor affinity. In addition to their high sigma(1)-receptor affinity, the spiropiperidines 14a and 23 display excellent selectivity toward sigma(2)-receptors (sigma(1)/sigma(2) = 2708 and 1130) and several other receptor and reuptake systems. Introduction of a polar hydroxy group in position 3 and elongation of the distance between the piperidine nitrogen atom and the phenyl moiety result in ligands with considerable sigma(2)-receptor affinity and therefore diminished sigma(1)/sigma(2)-receptor selectivity. The hemiacetalic 1'-(3-phenylpropyl)-3,4-dihydrospiro[[2]benzopyran-1,4'-piperidin]-3-ol (15e) represents the most active sigma(2)-receptor ligand in this series with a K(i) value of 83.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Maier
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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35
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Murali Dhar TG, Nagarathnam D, Marzabadi MR, Lagu B, Wong WC, Chiu G, Tyagarajan S, Miao SW, Zhang F, Sun W, Tian D, Shen Q, Zhang J, Wetzel JM, Forray C, Chang RS, Broten TP, Schorn TW, Chen TB, O'Malley S, Ransom R, Schneck K, Bendesky R, Harrell CM, Vyas KP. Design and synthesis of novel alpha(1)(a) adrenoceptor-selective antagonists. 2. Approaches to eliminate opioid agonist metabolites via modification of linker and 4-methoxycarbonyl-4-phenylpiperidine moiety. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4778-93. [PMID: 10579841 DOI: 10.1021/jm990201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described compound 1a as a high-affinity subtype selective alpha(1a) antagonist. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of compound 1a showed its major metabolite to be a mu-opioid agonist, 4-methoxycarbonyl-4-phenylpiperidine (3). Several dihydropyrimidinone analogues were synthesized with the goal of either minimizing the formation of 3 by modification of the linker or finding alternative piperidine moieties which when cleaved as a consequence of metabolism would not give rise to mu-opioid activity. Modification of the linker gave several compounds with good alpha(1a) binding affinity (K(i) = < 1 nM) and selectivity (>300-fold over alpha(1b) and alpha(1d)). In vitro analysis in the microsomal assay revealed these modifications did not significantly affect N-dealkylation and the formation of the piperidine 3. The second approach, however, yielded several piperidine replacements for 3, which did not show significant mu-opioid activity. Several of these compounds maintained good affinity at the alpha(1a) adrenoceptor and selectivity over alpha(1b) and alpha(1d). For example, the piperidine fragments of (+)-73 and (+)-83, viz. 4-cyano-4-phenylpiperidine and 4-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine, were essentially inactive at the mu-opioid receptor (IC(50) > 30 microM vs 3 microM for 3). Compounds (+)-73 and (+)-83 were subjected to detailed in vitro and in vivo characterization. Both these compounds, in addition to their excellent selectivity (>880-fold) over alpha(1b) and alpha(1d), also showed good selectivity over several other recombinant human G-protein coupled receptors. Compounds (+)-73 and (+)-83 showed good functional potency in isolated human prostate tissues, with K(b)s comparable to their in vitro alpha(1a) binding data. In addition, compound (+)-73 also exhibited good uroselectivity (DBP K(b)/IUP K(b) > 20-fold) in the in vivo experiments in dogs, similar to 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Murali Dhar
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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36
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Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptors form a large and diverse multi-gene superfamily with many important physiological functions. As such, they have become important targets in pharmaceutical research. Molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis have played an important role in our increasing understanding of the structural basis of drug action at these receptors. Aspects of this understanding, how these techniques can be used within a drug-design programme, and remaining challenges for the future are reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
- Drug Design
- GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Structure
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Angiotensin/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/classification
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Flower
- Department of Physical Sciences, ASTRA Charnwood, Bakewell Rd, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
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37
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Takemoto T, Nakajima K, Iio Y, Tamura M, Nishi T. Asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically pure spiro[((2S)-hydroxy)indane-1,4′-piperidine]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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38
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Nakazato A, Ohta K, Sekiguchi Y, Okuyama S, Chaki S, Kawashima Y, Hatayama K. Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological characterization of novel arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine sigma ligands as potential antipsychotic drugs. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1076-87. [PMID: 10090790 DOI: 10.1021/jm980212v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
sigma Receptor antagonists may be effective antipsychotic drugs that do not induce motor side effects caused by ingestion of classical drugs such as haloperidol. We obtained evidence that 1-(2-dipropylaminoethyl)-4-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran hydrochloride 2a had selective affinity for sigma receptor over dopamine D2 receptor. This compound was designed to eliminate two bonds of apomorphine 1 to produce structural flexibility for the nitrogen atom and to bridge two benzene rings with a -CH2O- bond to maintain the planar structure. In light of the evidence, N, N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-benzyloxylphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride 10b was designed. Since compound 10b had eliminated a biphenyl bond of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran derivative 2a, it might be more released from the rigid structure of apomorphine 1 than compound 2a. The chemical modification of compound 10b led to the discovery that N, N-dipropyl-2- [4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxyl)phenyl]ethylamine hydrochloride 10g (NE- 100), the best compound among arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine derivatives 3, had a high and selective affinity for sigma receptor and had a potent activity in an animal model when the drug was given orally. We report here the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological characterization of novel arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine derivatives 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakazato
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Ohmiya, Saitama 330-8530, Japan.
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39
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Patchett AA, Smith RG, Wyvratt MJ. Orally active growth hormone secretagogues. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 11:525-54. [PMID: 9760695 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47384-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Patchett
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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40
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Afonso A, Kelly J, Puar MS, McCombie S, McPhail AT. Synthesis of a C11 spiropiperidino derivative of 8-chloro-6,11-dihydro 5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Nargund RP, Patchett AA, Bach MA, Murphy MG, Smith RG. Peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogues. Design considerations and therapeutic potential. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3103-27. [PMID: 9703459 DOI: 10.1021/jm970342o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R P Nargund
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Sciences, and Biochemistry and Physiology, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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42
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Elliott JM, Broughton H, Cascieri MA, Chicchi G, Huscroft IT, Kurtz M, MacLeod AM, Sadowski S, Stevenson GI. Serine derived NK1 antagonists. 2: A pharmacophore model for arylsulfonamide binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1851-6. [PMID: 9873446 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modifications to the spirocyclic aryl sulfonamide portion of serine derived NK1 antagonists allow a partial pharmacophore model to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Elliott
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Center, Harlow, Essex, U.K
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43
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Yang L, Guo L, Pasternak A, Mosley R, Rohrer S, Birzin E, Foor F, Cheng K, Schaeffer J, Patchett AA. Spiro[1H-indene-1,4'-piperidine] derivatives as potent and selective non-peptide human somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) agonists. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2175-9. [PMID: 9632348 DOI: 10.1021/jm980194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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44
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Cossy J, Poitevin C, Gomez Pardo D, Peglion JL, Dessinges A. Synthesis of Spiro[benzazepine-2,4‘-piperidine]. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9803986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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46
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Moriarty RM, Enache LA, Zhao L, Gilardi R, Mattson MV, Prakash O. Rigid phencyclidine analogues. Binding to the phencyclidine and sigma 1 receptors. J Med Chem 1998; 41:468-77. [PMID: 9484497 DOI: 10.1021/jm970059p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three phencyclidine (PCP) analogues possessing a highly rigid carbocyclic structure and an attached piperidine ring which is free to rotate were synthesized. Each analogue has a specific fixed orientation of the ammonium center of the piperidinium ring to the centrum of the phenyl ring. The binding affinities of the rigid analogues 1-piperidino-7,8-benzobicyclo[4.2.0]octene (14), 1-piperidinobenzobicyclo[2.2.1]heptene (16), and 1-piperidinobenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octene (13) for the PCP receptor ([3H]TCP) and th-receptor (NANM) were determined. The three analogues show low to no affinity for the PCP receptor but good affinity for the th-receptor and can be considered th-receptor selective ligands with PCP/th ratios of 13, 293, and 368, respectively. The binding affinities for the th-receptor are rationalized in terms of a model for the th-pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Moriarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607-7061, USA
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47
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Yang L, Morriello G, Prendergast K, Cheng K, Jacks T, Chan WW, Schleim KD, Smith RG, Patchett AA. Potent 3-spiropiperidine growth hormone secretagogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:107-12. [PMID: 9925440 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)10199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Systematic SAR studies of the different regioisomers and homologues of the spiro(indane-1,4-piperidine) moiety in the growth hormone secretagogue L-162,752 are presented. Among them, spiro(3H-1-benzopyran-2,3-piperidine) was found to afford secretagogues with low nanomolar in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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48
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Efange SM, Kamath AP, Khare AB, Kung MP, Mach RH, Parsons SM. N-hydroxyalkyl derivatives of 3 beta-phenyltropane and 1-methylspiro[1H-indoline-3,4'-piperidine]: vesamicol analogues with affinity for monoamine transporters. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3905-14. [PMID: 9397171 DOI: 10.1021/jm970326r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As part of our ongoing structure-activity studies of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligand 2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol, 1), 22 N-hydroxy(phenyl)alkyl derivatives of 3 beta-phenyltropane, 6, and 1-methylspiro[1H-indoline-3,4'-piperidine], 7, were synthesized and tested for binding in vitro. Although a few compounds displayed moderately high affinity for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, no compound was more potent than the prototypical vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligand vesamicol. However, a few derivatives of 6 displayed higher affinity for the dopamine transporter than cocaine. We conclude that modification of the piperidyl fragment of 1 will not lead to more potent vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Efange
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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49
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Smith RG, Van der Ploeg LH, Howard AD, Feighner SD, Cheng K, Hickey GJ, Wyvratt MJ, Fisher MH, Nargund RP, Patchett AA. Peptidomimetic regulation of growth hormone secretion. Endocr Rev 1997; 18:621-45. [PMID: 9331545 DOI: 10.1210/edrv.18.5.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Smith
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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50
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Moebius FF, Reiter RJ, Hanner M, Glossmann H. High affinity of sigma 1-binding sites for sterol isomerization inhibitors: evidence for a pharmacological relationship with the yeast sterol C8-C7 isomerase. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121:1-6. [PMID: 9146879 PMCID: PMC1564641 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The sigma-drug binding site of guinea-pig liver is carried by a protein which shares significant amino acid sequence similarities with the yeast sterol C8-C7 isomerase (ERG2 protein). Pharmacologically-but not structurally-the sigma 1-site is also related to the emopamil binding protein, the mammalian sterol C8-C7 isomerase. We therefore investigated if sterol C8-C7 isomerase inhibitors are high affinity ligands for the (+)-[3H]-pentazocine labelled sigma 1-binding site. 2. Among the compounds which bound with high affinity to native hepatic and cerebral as well as to yeast expressed sigma 1-binding sites were the agricultural fungicide fenpropimorph (Ki 0.005 nM), the antihypocholesterinaemic drugs triparanol (Ki 7.0 nM), AY-9944 (Ki, 0.46 nM) and MDL28,815 (Ki 0.16 nM), the enantiomers of the ovulation inducer clomiphene (Ki 5.5 and 12 nM, respectively) and the antioestrogene tamoxifen (Ki 26 nM). 3. Except for tamoxifen these affinities are essentially identical with those for the [3H]-ifenprodil labelled sterol C8-C7 isomerase of S. cerevisiae. This demonstrates that sigma 1-binding protein and yeast isomerase are not only structurally but also pharmacologically related. Because of its affiliations with yeast and mammalian sterol isomerases we propose that the sigma 1-binding site is localized on a sterol isomerase related protein, involved in postsqualene sterol biosynthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/metabolism
- Clomiphene/metabolism
- Clomiphene/pharmacology
- Estrogen Antagonists/metabolism
- Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/metabolism
- Fertility Agents, Female/metabolism
- Fertility Agents, Female/pharmacology
- Fungicides, Industrial/metabolism
- Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity
- Guinea Pigs
- Hypolipidemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology
- Isoquinolines/metabolism
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Isotope Labeling
- Microsomes/metabolism
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Morpholines/metabolism
- Morpholines/toxicity
- Pentazocine/metabolism
- Piperidines/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/drug effects
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Steroid Isomerases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Steroid Isomerases/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Triparanol/metabolism
- Triparanol/pharmacology
- Verapamil/analogs & derivatives
- Verapamil/metabolism
- trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride/metabolism
- trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Moebius
- Institut für Biochemische Pharmakologie, Universität Innsbruck, Austria
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