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A review: methodologies for the synthesis of anthra[2,3-b]thiophene and naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b']dithiophene fragments for organic semiconductor materials. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Identification of Novel Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands—A Combined In Silico/In Vitro Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144435. [PMID: 35889317 PMCID: PMC9318694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system are an alarming global problem showing an increasing prevalence. Dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) has been shown to be involved in central nervous system diseases. While different D2R-targeting drugs have been approved by the FDA, they all suffer from major drawbacks due to promiscuous receptor activity leading to adverse effects. Increasing the number of potential D2R-targeting drug candidates bears the possibility of discovering molecules with less severe side-effect profiles. In dire need of novel D2R ligands for drug development, combined in silico/in vitro approaches have been shown to be efficient strategies. In this study, in silico pharmacophore models were generated utilizing both ligand- and structure-based approaches. Subsequently, different databases were screened for novel D2R ligands. Selected virtual hits were investigated in vitro, quantifying their binding affinity towards D2R. This workflow successfully identified six novel D2R ligands exerting micro- to nanomolar (most active compound KI = 4.1 nM) activities. Thus, the four pharmacophore models showed prospective true-positive hit rates in between 4.5% and 12%. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in developing novel drug candidates for D2R-associated pathologies.
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Bai YB, Gao YQ, Nie XD, Tuong TML, Li D, Gao JM. Antifungal Activity of Griseofulvin Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi in Vitro and in Vivo and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6125-6132. [PMID: 31083998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With environmental pollution, residual hazards accumulate and severe drug resistance and many other problems appear; some highly toxic drugs have been banned, and antifungal agents are far from satisfactory. Natural products play an important role in the discovery and development of new pesticides. The natural product griseofulvin (1) has been known as an antifungal agent in the treatment of dermatomycoses for decades. In this study, a series of new griseofulvin derivatives were synthesized with good yields. Their structures were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization). The antifungal activities of griseofulvin analogues were first evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi ( Cytospora sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, and Fusarium solani) in vitro. Of significance is that most of them showed excellent antifungal activities against C. gloeosporioides. The antifungal activities of the four best compounds (6a, 6c, 6e, and 6f) against C. gloeosporioides were further investigated in vivo using infected apples. The results suggested that compounds 6c, 6e, and 6f [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 47.25 ± 1.46, 49.44 ± 1.50, and 53.63 ± 1.74 μg/mL, respectively] were better than thiophanate-methyl (IC50 = 69.66 ± 6.07 μg/mL). Furthermore, comparative molecular field analysis was performed on the basis of the antifungal activity results of all 22 of the compounds against C. gloeosporioides in vitro. The three-dimensional coefficient contour plots revealed that the suitable bulky and electronegative acyl-substituted groups seem to be more favorable for increasing activity at the 4' position of griseofulvin. The structure-activity relationships were also discussed. Griseofulvin derivatives can be used for the development of highly effective and safe agricultural fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yan'an University , Yan'an , Shaanxi 716000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Di Nie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Thi-Mai-Luong Tuong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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4
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. The dopamine D3 receptor, a quarter century later. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Salmas RE, Yurtsever M, Durdagi S. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs at the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) elucidates their inhibition mechanism. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:738-754. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1159986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mine Yurtsever
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Investigating the structural impact of S311C mutation in DRD2 receptor by molecular dynamics & docking studies. Biochimie 2016; 123:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kassel S, Schwed JS, Stark H. Dopamine D3 receptor agonists as pharmacological tools. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1480-99. [PMID: 25498414 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the dopaminergic innervation in the central nervous system plays a key role in different neurological disorders like Parkinson´s disease, restless legs syndrome, schizophrenia etc. Although dopamine D3 receptors have been recognized as an important target in these diseases, their full pharmacological properties need further investigations. With focus on dopamine D3 receptor full agonists, this review has divided the ergoline and non-ergoline ligands in dissimilar chemical subclasses describing their pharmacodynamic properties on different related receptors, on species differences and their functional properties on different signaling mechanism. This is combined with a short description of structure-activity relationships for each class. Therefore, this overview should support the rational choice for the optimal compound selection based on affinity, selectivity and efficacy data in biochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kassel
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - J S Schwed
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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Searle GE, Beaver JD, Tziortzi A, Comley RA, Bani M, Ghibellini G, Merlo-Pich E, Rabiner EA, Laruelle M, Gunn RN. Mathematical modelling of [¹¹C]-(+)-PHNO human competition studies. Neuroimage 2012. [PMID: 23207573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The D(2)/D(3) agonist radioligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO is currently the most suitable D(3) imaging agent available, despite its limited selectivity for the D(3) over the D(2). Given the collocation of D(2) and D(3) receptors, and generally higher densities of D(2), the separation of D(2) and D(3) information from [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO PET data are somewhat complex. This complexity is compounded by recent data suggesting that [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans might be routinely performed in non-tracer conditions (with respect to D(3) receptors), and that the cerebellum (used as a reference region) might manifest some displaceable binding signal. Here we present the modelling and analysis of data from two human studies which employed an adequate dose range of selective D(3) antagonists (GSK598809 and GSK618334) to interrogate the [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO PET signal. Models describing the changes observed in the PET volume of distribution (V(T)) and binding potential (BP(ND)) were used to identify and quantify a [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO mass dose effect at the D(3), and displaceable signal in the cerebellum, as well as providing refined estimates of regional D(3) fractions of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO BP(ND). The dose of (+)-PHNO required to occupy half of the available D(3) receptors (ED(50)(PHNO,D3)) was estimated as 40ng/kg, and the cerebellum BP(ND) was estimated as 0.40. These findings confirm that [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO human PET studies are in fact routinely performed under non-tracer conditions. This suggests that (+)-PHNO injection masses should be minimised and tightly controlled in order to mitigate the mass dose effect. The specific binding detected in the cerebellum was modest but could have a significant effect, for example on estimates of D(3) potency in drug occupancy studies. A range of methods for the analysis of future [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO data, incorporating models for the effects quantified here, were developed and evaluated. The comparisons and conclusions drawn from these can inform the design and analysis of future PET studies with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham E Searle
- GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Goddard WA, Abrol R. 3-Dimensional structures of G protein-coupled receptors and binding sites of agonists and antagonists. J Nutr 2007; 137:1528S-1538S; discussion 1548S. [PMID: 17513420 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.6.1528s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize here recent progress in predicting the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and in predicting the binding sites for various agonists and antagonists. These receptors play a critical role in cell communications (dopamine, histamine, epinephrine, and serotonin) and in sensing the outside world (vision, smell, taste, and pain). There are no experimental 3D structures available for human GPCR despite their vital function and importance as therapeutic targets. Indeed, considering every form of life, there is an experimental structure for only 1 GPCR: bovine rhodopsin. Consequently, we developed the MembStruk method to predict the 3D structure without using homology. We then validated our predicted structures by using them to predict their binding sites and binding energies for strongly binding agonists and antagonists. The results were in excellent agreement with available binding and mutation experiments. We will summarize the results for adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, chemokine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and a tetrapeptide receptor (mas-related gene C11).
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Zhang A, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ. Recent progress in development of dopamine receptor subtype-selective agents: potential therapeutics for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Chem Rev 2007; 107:274-302. [PMID: 17212477 DOI: 10.1021/cr050263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Tang ML, Okamoto T, Bao Z. High-performance organic semiconductors: asymmetric linear acenes containing sulphur. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:16002-3. [PMID: 17165730 DOI: 10.1021/ja066824j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new linear acenes with fused thiophene units have been synthesized. These acenes have conjugation lengths between anthracene and pentacene. Thin films of these linear molecules were characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field-effect transistor measurements. Submonolayer AFM studies show growth that greatly resembles pentacene, while thin-film growth is dendritic. Mobilites as high as 0.47 cm2 V-1 s-1 have been found for the tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene and are as high as 0.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 for anthra[2,3-b]thiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming L Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
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Boeckler F, Gmeiner P. The structural evolution of dopamine D3 receptor ligands: structure-activity relationships and selected neuropharmacological aspects. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 112:281-333. [PMID: 16905195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
"Evolution consists largely of molecular tinkering."-Following the famous concept of the molecular geneticist and medicine Nobel laureate François Jacob, in this review we describe the structural evolution of dopamine D3 receptor ligands from the natural agonist dopamine (DA) to highly potent and subtype selective new agents by bioisosteric tinkering with well-established and privileged or novel and fancy chemical functionalities and scaffolds. Some of the more than 200 ligands presented herein have already achieved therapeutic or scientific value up to now, some will most likely achieve it in the future. Hence, great importance is not only attached to the relationship between structure and activity of the ligands, but also to their utility as pharmacological tools in animal models or as therapeutics in patients with neurological diseases or other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Boeckler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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Elsner J, Boeckler F, Heinemann FW, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Pharmacophore-guided drug discovery investigations leading to bioactive 5-aminotetrahydropyrazolopyridines. Implications for the binding mode of heterocyclic dopamine D3 receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5771-9. [PMID: 16134944 DOI: 10.1021/jm0503805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of a 3D-QSAR based pharmacophore hypothesis, synthesis and biological evaluation of dopaminergic 5-aminotetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines are described. The data displayed substantial and selective D3 receptor affinity for the heterocyclic test compound (+/-)-1 when the enantiomer (S)-1 turned out to be responsible for the D3 binding (K(i) (high) = 4.0 nM). (S)-1 exhibited binding affinity and ligand efficacy comparable to those of our previously described D3 agonist FAUC 54, when subtype selectivity could be significantly improved. The results indicate that the sp(2) nitrogens of the pyrazole and thiazole rings of the dopaminergics (S)-1 and pramipexole, respectively, are pharmacophoric elements of major importance. To provide putative explanations for the high affinity of (S)-1, computational studies were performed employing an active state D3 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Elsner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Kalani MYS, Vaidehi N, Hall SE, Trabanino RJ, Freddolino PL, Kalani MA, Floriano WB, Kam VWT, Goddard WA. The predicted 3D structure of the human D2 dopamine receptor and the binding site and binding affinities for agonists and antagonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3815-20. [PMID: 14999101 PMCID: PMC374327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmitter and its receptors play a critical role in the cell signaling process responsible for information transfer in neurons functioning in the nervous system. Development of improved therapeutics for such disorders as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia would be significantly enhanced with the availability of the 3D structure for the dopamine receptors and of the binding site for dopamine and other agonists and antagonists. We report here the 3D structure of the long isoform of the human D2 dopamine receptor, predicted from primary sequence using first-principles theoretical and computational techniques (i.e., we did not use bioinformatic or experimental 3D structural information in predicting structures). The predicted 3D structure is validated by comparison of the predicted binding site and the relative binding affinities of dopamine, three known dopamine agonists (antiparkinsonian), and seven known antagonists (antipsychotic) in the D2 receptor to experimentally determined values. These structures correctly predict the critical residues for binding dopamine and several antagonists, identified by mutation studies, and give relative binding affinities that correlate well with experiments. The predicted binding site for dopamine and agonists is located between transmembrane (TM) helices 3, 4, 5, and 6, whereas the best antagonists bind to a site involving TM helices 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 with minimal contacts to TM helix 5. We identify characteristic differences between the binding sites of agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yashar S Kalani
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Chapter 5.1 Five-membered ring systems: Thiophenes & Se, Te analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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