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Olatunde OZ, Yong J, Lu C, Ming Y. A Review on Shikonin and Its Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents Targeted against Topoisomerases. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-129356. [PMID: 36752292 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230208094828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerases (TOPO) play indispensable roles in DNA metabolism, by regulating the topological state of DNA. Topoisomerase I and II are the well-established drug-targets for the development of anticancer agents and antibiotics. These drugs-targeting enzymes have been used to establish the relationship between drug-stimulated DNA cleavable complex formation and cytotoxicity. Some anticancer drugs (such as camptothecin, anthracyclines, mitoxantrone) are also widely used as Topo I and Topo II inhibitors, but the poor water solubility, myeloma suppression, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, and multidrug resistance (MDR) limited their prolong use as therapeutics. Also, most of these agents displayed selective inhibition only against Topo I or II. In recent years, researchers focus on the design and synthesis of the dual Topo I and II inhibitors, or the discovery of the dual Topo I and II inhibitors from natural products. Shikonin (a natural compound with anthraquinone skeleton, isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon) has drawn much attention due to its wide spectrum of anticancer activities, especially due to its dual Topo inhibitive performance, and without the adverse side effects, and different kinds of shikonin derivatives have been synthesized as TOPO inhibitors for the development of anticancer agents. In this review, the progress of the shikonin and its derivatives together with their anticancer activities, anticancer mechanism, and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was comprehensively summarized by searching the CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olagoke Zacchaeus Olatunde
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian,350002, China
| | - Jianping Yong
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian,350002, China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yanlin Ming
- Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
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2
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Tylińska B, Wiatrak B, Czyżnikowska Ż, Cieśla-Niechwiadowicz A, Gębarowska E, Janicka-Kłos A. Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083825. [PMID: 33917090 PMCID: PMC8067809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, new pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and analyzed in terms of their anticancer properties. The tested compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antitumor activity. The cytotoxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) was also determined. According to the results, all the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory activity on the proliferation of all lines of cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo), resistant colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo/DX), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM) and human monocytic (THP-1)). In particular, their feature stronger influence on the activity of P-glycoprotein of cell cultures resistant to doxorubicin than doxorubicin. Tested compounds have more lipophilic character than doxorubicin, which determines their affinity for the molecular target and passive transport through biological membranes. Moreover, the inhibitory potential against topoisomerase II and DNA intercalating properties of synthesized compounds were analyzed via molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tylińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.C.); (A.J.-K.)
| | | | - Elżbieta Gębarowska
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Janicka-Kłos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.C.); (A.J.-K.)
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Cinelli MA. Topoisomerase 1B poisons: Over a half-century of drug leads, clinical candidates, and serendipitous discoveries. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1294-1337. [PMID: 30456874 DOI: 10.1002/med.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are DNA processing enzymes that relieve supercoiling (torsional strain) in DNA, are necessary for normal cellular division, and act by nicking (and then religating) DNA strands. Type 1B topoisomerase (Top1) is overexpressed in certain tumors, and the enzyme has been extensively investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Various chemical agents can act as "poisons" of the enzyme's religation step, leading to Top1-DNA lesions, DNA breakage, and eventual cellular death. In this review, agents that poison Top1 (and have thus been investigated for their anticancer properties) are surveyed, including natural products (such as camptothecins and indolocarbazoles), semisynthetic camptothecin and luotonin derivatives, and synthetic compounds (such as benzonaphthyridines, aromathecins, and indenoisoquinolines), as well as targeted therapies and conjugates. Top1 has also been investigated as a therapeutic target in certain viral and parasitic infections, as well as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders, and a summary of literature describing alternative indications is also provided. This review should provide both a reference for the medicinal chemist and potentially offer clues to aid in the development of new Top1 poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A Cinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Arepalli SK, Lee C, Sim S, Lee K, Jo H, Jun KY, Kwon Y, Kang JS, Jung JK, Lee H. Development of 13H-benzo[f]chromeno[4,3-b][1,7]naphthyridines and their salts as potent cytotoxic agents and topoisomerase I/IIα inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5181-5193. [PMID: 30253887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 35 angularly fused pentacyclic 13H-benzo[f]chromeno[4,3-b][1,7]naphthyridines and 13H-benzo[f]chromeno[4,3-b][1,7]naphthyridin-5-ium chlorides were designed and synthesized. Their cytotoxic activities were investigated against six human cancer cell lines (NCIH23, HCT15, NUGC-3, ACHN, PC-3, and MDA-MB-231). Among all screened compounds; 28, 30, 34, 35, 46, 48, 52, and 53 compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against all tested human cancer cell lines. Further, these potent lead cytotoxic agents were evaluated against human Topoisomerase I and IIα inhibition. Among them, the compound 48 exhibited dual Topoisomerase I and IIα inhibition especially at 20 μM concentrations the compound 48 exhibited 1.25 times more potent Topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity (38.3%) than the reference drug etoposide (30.6%). The compound 52 also exhibited excellent (88.4%) topoisomerase I inhibition than the reference drug camptothecin (66.7%) at 100 μM concentrations. Molecular docking studies of the compounds 48 and 52 with topo I discovered that they both intercalated into the DNA single-strand cleavage site where the compound 48 have van der Waals interactions with residues Arg364, Pro431, and Asn722 whilst the compound 52 have with Arg364, Thr718, and Asn722 residues. Both the compounds 48 and 52 have π-π stacking interactions with the stacked DNA bases. The docking studies of the compound 48 with topo IIα explored that it was bound to the topo IIα DNA cleavage site where etoposide was situated. The benzo[f]chromeno[4,3-b][1,7]naphthyridine ring of the compound 48 was stacked between the DNA bases of the cleavage site with π-π stacking interactions and there were no hydrogen bond interactions with topo IIα.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaerim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongrak Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Ali I, Mukhtar SD, Hsieh MF, Alothman ZA, Alwarthan A. Facile synthesis of indole heterocyclic compounds based micellar nano anti-cancer drugs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37905-37914. [PMID: 35558619 PMCID: PMC9089882 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile synthesis of micellar “nano” indole heterocyclic anti-cancer compounds is described. The synthesized compounds (11–23) were characterized by UV-VIS, 1H NMR, FT-IR and mass spectroscopy. The binding energies of DNA–compound adducts varied from −20.08 to −23.85 kJ mol−1, and they were stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding. The synthesized compounds enter into minor grooves of DNA during adduct formation. The DNA binding constant of compounds 11–23 was 1.00 to 2.00 × 105 M−1. The drug-loading efficiency and drug-loading content in their micellar forms were recorded. Compounds 11, 12, 14 and 19 at a micellar concentration of 670 μL mL−1 displayed excellent anticancer activities against the HepG2/C3A line (25–50%). The potency of nano anticancer drugs was predicted by drug likeness using Lipinski's “rule of five”. Taken together, compounds 11–23 could be used to treat cancers. Facile synthesis of micellar “nano” indole heterocyclic anti-cancer compounds is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Taibah University
- Al-Medina Al-Munawara
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofi Danish Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Taibah University
- Al-Medina Al-Munawara
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ming Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung Li
- Taiwan
| | - Zeid A. Alothman
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwarthan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bist G, Park S, Song C, Thapa Magar TB, Shrestha A, Kwon Y, Lee ES. Dihydroxylated 2,6-diphenyl-4-chlorophenylpyridines: Topoisomerase I and IIα dual inhibitors with DNA non-intercalative catalytic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:69-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Chang SM, Christian W, Wu MH, Chen TL, Lin YW, Suen CS, Pidugu HB, Detroja D, Shah A, Hwang MJ, Su TL, Lee TC. Novel indolizino[8,7- b ]indole hybrids as anti-small cell lung cancer agents: Regioselective modulation of topoisomerase II inhibitory and DNA crosslinking activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:235-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 7-alkylamino substituted benzo[a]phenazin derivatives as dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:540-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Nagesh N, Raju G, Srinivas R, Ramesh P, Reddy MD, Reddy CR. A dihydroindolizino indole derivative selectively stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA and down-regulates c-MYC expression in human cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Zhuo ST, Li CY, Hu MH, Chen SB, Yao PF, Huang SL, Ou TM, Tan JH, An LK, Li D, Gu LQ, Huang ZS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[a]phenazine derivatives as a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:3989-4005. [PMID: 23657605 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases (Topo I and Topo II) are very important players in DNA replication, repair, and transcription, and are a promising class of antitumor target. In present study, a series of benzo[a]phenazine derivatives with alkylamino side chains at C-5 were designed, synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated. Most of derivatives showed good antiproliferative activity with a range of IC50 values of 1-10 μM on the four cancer cell lines HeLa, A549, MCF-7, and HL-60. Topoisomerase-mediated DNA relaxation assay results showed that derivatives could effectively inhibit the activity of both Topo I and Topo II, and the structure-activity relationship studies indicated the importance of introducing an alkylamino side chain. Further mechanism studies revealed that the compounds could stabilize the Topo I-DNA cleavage complexes and inhibit the ATPase activity of hTopo II, indicating that they are a rare class of dual topoisomerase inhibitors by acting as Topo I poisons and Topo II catalytic inhibitors. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis and caspase-3/7 activation assay showed that this class of compounds could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Tian Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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12
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Thomae D, Jeanty M, Coste J, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Extending the Scope of the Aza-Fischer Synthesis of 4- and 6-Azaindoles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Le LTT, Vu HL, Naud-Martin D, Bombled M, Nguyen CH, Molla A. Hydrosoluble benzo[e]pyridoindolones as potent inhibitors of aurora kinases. ChemMedChem 2012; 8:289-96. [PMID: 23281044 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aurora kinases play an essential role in mitotic progression and are potentially druggable targets in cancer therapy. We identified benzo[e]pyridoindoles (BePI) as powerful aurora kinase inhibitors. Their efficiency was demonstrated both in enzymatic inhibition studies and in cell culture assays. New BePI molecules were synthesized, and a structure-activity relationship study was conducted with the aim of improving the activity and solubility of the lead compound. Tetracyclic BePI derivatives are characterized by a particular curved shape, and the presence of an oxo group on the pyridine ring was found to be required for aurora kinase B inhibition. New hydrosoluble benzo[e]pyridoindolones were subsequently designed, and their efficacy was tested by a combination of cell-cycle analysis and time-lapse experiments in live cells. The most active BePI derivative, 13 b, inhibited the cell cycle, drove cells to polyploidy, and eventually induced apoptosis. It exhibited high antiproliferative activity in HeLa cells with an IC(50) value of 63 nM. Relative to compounds tested in clinical trials, this antiproliferative potency places 13 b among the top 10 aurora kinase inhibitors. Our results justify further in vivo evaluation in preclinical animal models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly-Thuy-Tram Le
- Biology Laboratory, CRI-INSERM/UJF U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, 38706 La Tronche, France
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14
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Carbolines. Part 2: Comparison of some of the properties of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (Review). Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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15
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Smirnova OB, Golovko TV, Granik VG. Carbolines. Part I: Comparison of some methods for the synthesis of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (a review). Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Prudent R, Moucadel V, Nguyen CH, Barette C, Schmidt F, Florent JC, Lafanechère L, Sautel CF, Duchemin-Pelletier E, Spreux E, Filhol O, Reiser JB, Cochet C. Antitumor Activity of Pyridocarbazole and Benzopyridoindole Derivatives that Inhibit Protein Kinase CK2. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9865-74. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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2-Dicyanomethylidene-3-ethoxymethylidene-2,3-dihydroindole in the synthesis of fused tri- and tetracyclic systems. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Jeanty M, Blu J, Suzenet F, Guillaumet G. Synthesis of 4- and 6-Azaindoles via the Fischer Reaction. Org Lett 2009; 11:5142-5. [PMID: 19839585 DOI: 10.1021/ol902139r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jeanty
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Jérôme Blu
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
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19
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Chen J, Dong X, Liu T, Lou J, Jiang C, Huang W, He Q, Yang B, Hu Y. Design, synthesis, and quantitative structure–activity relationship of cytotoxic γ-carboline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Rosu F, Nguyen CH, De Pauw E, Gabelica V. Ligand binding mode to duplex and triplex DNA assessed by combining electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1052-62. [PMID: 17459721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the analysis of seven benzopyridoindole and benzopyridoquinoxaline drugs binding to different duplex DNA and triple helical DNA, using an approach combining electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and molecular modeling. The ligands were ranked according to the collision energy (CE(50)) necessary to dissociate 50% of the complex with the duplex or the triplex in tandem MS. To determine the probable ligand binding site and binding mode, molecular modeling was used to calculate relative ligand binding energies in different binding sites and binding modes. For duplex DNA binding, the ligand-DNA interaction energies are roughly correlated with the experimental CE(50), with the two benzopyridoindole ligands more tightly bound than the benzopyridoquinoxaline ligands. There is, however, no marked AT versus GC base preference in binding, as supported both by the ESI-MS and the calculated ligand binding energies. Product ion spectra of the complexes with triplex DNA show only loss of neutral ligand for the benzopyridoquinoxalines, and loss of the third strand for the benzopyridoindoles, the ligand remaining on the duplex part. This indicates a higher binding energy of the benzopyridoindoles, and also shows that the ligands interact with the triplex via the duplex. The ranking of the ligand interaction energies compared with the CE(50) values obtained by MS/MS on the complexes with the triplex clearly indicates that the ligands intercalate via the minor groove of the Watson-Crick duplex. Regarding triplex versus duplex selectivity, our experiments have demonstrated that the most selective drugs for triplex share the same heteroaromatic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Rosu
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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21
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Dong X, Xu Y, Afonso C, Jiang W, Laronze JY, Wen R, Tabet JC. Non-covalent complexes between bis-β-carbolines and double-stranded DNA: A study by electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry (I). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2549-53. [PMID: 17368899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The non-covalent complexes of five bis-beta-carbolines alkaloids with three different double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides d(GCGCGATCGCGC)(2), d(GCGCAATTGCGC)(2), and d(GCGAAATTTCGC)(2) were investigated by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. These five antitumor compounds all showed DNA-binding abilities. Binding affinities in the order of 2>3, 4>5, and 1 with double-stranded DNA were obtained, which mean that the length of the linkage chain between two beta-carbolines has a remarkable effect on the formation of the non-covalent complexes. Additionally, the preliminary results indicated that bis-beta-carbolines had no notable sequence selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Aragon PJ, Yapi AD, Pinguet F, Chezal JM, Teulade JC, Chapat JP, Blache Y. A Photochemical Approach to Pyridopyrroloquinoline Derivatives as New Potential Anticancer Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:659-63. [PMID: 15187384 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoloquinoline alkaloid cryptolepine and pyridocarbazole alkaloid ellipticine are of great interest because in vitro and in vivo studies revealed their good cytotoxic properties. In order to obtain some biologically active analogs of these compounds, we developped a synthesis based on the photocyclisation of tertiary N-methylated enaminones derived from cyclopentane-1,3-dione and 3 or 6-aminoquinoline. The angular cyclised compounds thus obtained were submitted to Beckmann rearrangement, preceded by the formation of a Z oxime. Finally, the delta-lactame ring was oxidized using 10% palladium/carbon in diphenylether and pyridopyrroloquinolines were obtained. These compounds and the intermediate lactams and cyclopentanopyrroloquinolines were tested in vitro on K 562 cells and A 2780 doxorubicine sensitive and resistant cells. All compounds were less effective than doxorubicine in sensitive cells but their activity wasn't decreased by MDR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Aragon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Pharmaceutique, E.A. 2414, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Clarles Flahault, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Kukreti S, Sun JS, Loakes D, Brown DM, Nguyen CH, Bisagni E, Garestier T, Helene C. Triple helices formed at oligopyrimidine*oligopurine sequences with base pair inversions: effect of a triplex-specific ligand on stability and selectivity. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:2179-83. [PMID: 9547278 PMCID: PMC147530 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.9.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation is mostly restricted to oligopyrimidine*oligopurine sequences of double helical DNA. An interruption of one or two pyrimidines in the oligopurine target strand leads to a strong triplex destabilisation. We have investigated the effect of nucleotide analogues introduced in the third strand at the site opposite the base pair inversion(s). We show that a 3-nitropyrrole derivative (M) discriminates G*C from C*G, A*T and T*A in the presence of a triplex-specific ligand (a benzo[e]pyridoindole derivative, BePI). N6-methoxy-2,6-diaminopurine (K) binds to an A*T base pair better than a T*A, G*C or C*G base pair. Some discrimination is still observed in the presence of BePI and triplex stability is markedly increased. These findings should help in designing BePI-oligonucleotide conjugates to extend the range of DNA sequences available for triplex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kukreti
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, CNRS URA481, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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24
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Nguyen CH, Marchand C, Delage S, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C, Bisagni E. Synthesis of 13H-Benzo[6,7]- and 13H-Benzo[4,5]indolo[3,2-c]- quinolines: A New Series of Potent Specific Ligands for Triplex DNA. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971707x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hung Nguyen
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Marchand
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Delage
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Sun
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Thérèse Garestier
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Hélène
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emile Bisagni
- Contribution from the UMR 176 CNRS−Institut Curie, Section Recherche 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France, and Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle INSERM U 201 et CNRS URA 481 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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25
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Wang HK, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Recent advances in the discovery and development of topoisomerase inhibitors as antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 1997; 17:367-425. [PMID: 9211397 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1128(199707)17:4<367::aid-med3>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H K Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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26
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Kim SK, Sun JS, Garestier T, Hélène C, Nguyen CH, Bisagni E, Rodger A, Nordén B. Binding geometries of triple helix selective benzopyrido [4,3-b]indole ligands complexed with double- and triple-helical polynucleotides. Biopolymers 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199707)42:1<101::aid-bip9>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Guerquin-Kern JL, Coppey M, Carrez D, Brunet AC, Nguyen CH, Rivalle C, Slodzian G, Croisy A. Complementary advantages of fluorescence and SIMS microscopies in the study of cellular localization of two new antitumor drugs. Microsc Res Tech 1997; 36:287-95. [PMID: 9140928 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19970215)36:4<287::aid-jemt6>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low light level fluorescence microscopy studies have been carried out on MCF7-P human mammary tumor cells to localize the intracellular distribution of two new anticancer drugs, Pazelliptine and Intoplicine, which are currently under clinical evaluation. These two molecules are thought to act at the nuclear level, through DNA topoisomerase interactions. Because fluorescence of these compounds appears strongly quenched by intercalation in double strand DNA, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging was used to check the presence of the drugs in the nuclear compartment. In spite of chemical structure similitudes, pazelliptine and intoplicine appear to be distributed in quite different ways within the cells. Incubation for 1 and 24 hours also allowed us to bring to light strong differences in the distribution kinetics. Pazelliptine quickly enters into the nucleoli but is no longer present in the nucleus after 24 hours incubation. Intoplicine was not detected by fluorescence in the nucleus, however SIMS microscopy allowed us to show its accumulation within this cellular compartment as a function of time of exposure. This study shows the complementarity of fluorescence and SIMS microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guerquin-Kern
- INSERM U350, Institut Curie Recherche, Laboratoire Raymond Latarjet, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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28
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Escudé C, Mohammadi S, Sun JS, Nguyen CH, Bisagni E, Liquier J, Taillandier E, Garestier T, Hélène C. Ligand-induced formation of hoogsteen-paired parallel DNA. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 1996; 3:57-65. [PMID: 8807829 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(96)90085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on molecular modeling studies, a model has been proposed for intercalation of triple-helix-specific ligands (benzopyridoindole (BPI) derivatives) into triple helices, in which the intercalating compounds interact mainly with the Hoogsteen-paired strands of the triple helix. We set out to test this model experimentally using DNA duplexes capable of forming parallel Hoogsteen base-paired structures. RESULTS We have investigated the possible formation of a parallel DNA structure involving Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds by thermal denaturation, FTIR spectroscopy and gel-shift experiments. We show that BPI derivatives bind to Hoogsteen base-paired duplexes and stabilize them. The compounds induce a reorganization from a non-perfectly matched antiparallel Watson- Crick duplex into a perfectly matched parallel Hoogsteen-paired duplex. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that preferential intercalation of BPI derivatives in triple helices is due to their ability to interact specifically with the Hoogsteen-paired bases. The results are consistent with a model proposed on the basis of molecular modeling studies using energy minimization, and they open a new field of investigations regarding the biological relevance of Hoogsteen base-pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Escudé
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U201 CNRS URA481, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43, rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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29
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Relationship between cytotoxicity and DNA-binding affinity of amidine derivatives of tetrahydroquino[4,3-b][1]benzazepines and tetrahydrobenzo[k]naphthyridines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Bailly C, Marchand C, Hung Nguyen C, Bisagni E, Garestier T, Hélène C, Waring MJ. Localized chemical reactivity in double-stranded DNA associated with the intercalative binding of benzo[e]pyridoindole and benzo[g]pyridoindole triple-helix-stabilizing ligands. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 232:66-76. [PMID: 7556172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Footprinting with methidiumpropyl-EDTA.FeII has been used to map the binding sites on duplex DNA of two closely related benzopyridoindole derivatives which selectively stabilize triple-helical DNA-oligonucleotide complexes. Both ligands bind to many sites, including certain oligopurine.oligopyrimidine tracts, with a weak preference for some (but not all) sequences rich in A.T base pairs. This indifference to primary sequence, with evidence of binding to the commonly disfavoured (A)n.(T)ntracts, may at least partially explain why the ligands stabilize triplex structures composed of T.A.T pairings. Neither 3-methoxy-7H-8-methyl-11- [(3'amino)propylamino]benzo[e]pyrido[4, 3-b]indole (BePI) nor 3- methoxy-7-[3'-diethylamino)propylamino]-10-methyl-11H- benzo[g]pyrido[4,3-b]indole (BgPI) affect the reaction of dimethyl sulphate or potassium tetrachloropalladinate with the N7 of purines in the major groove, but both enhance the reactivity of purines (mostly adenine residues) towards diethylpyrocarbonate, both proximal and distal to their identified binding sites. With potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide/pyridine, probes for the accessibility of the 5,6 double bond of pyrimidine residues, BgPI has a more potent effect than BePI and, generally, the reaction with KMnO4 is more pronounced than that with OsO4. BgPI conspicuously potentiates the oxidation of pyrimidines in the triplet sequences 3'-ATA, 3'-GTA and 3'-GCA, whereas BePI enhances the reactivity of OsO4 towards thymine in sequences 3'-ATYR, with no effect on cytosine residues. Thus, despite their structural homology and common lack of specific sequence preferences, the two benzopyridoindole derivatives induce distinct conformational changes in duplex DNA, not just within the sites where footprints can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, England
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31
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Von Hoff DD, Burris HA, Eckardt J, Rothenberg M, Fields SM, Chen SF, Kuhn JG. Preclinical and phase I trials of topoisomerase I inhibitors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994; 34 Suppl:S41-5. [PMID: 8070026 DOI: 10.1007/bf00684862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A total of three topoisomerase I inhibitors, including topotecan, CPT-11 (irinotecan), and intoplicine, have been studied in both preclinical and clinical/clinical pharmacology studies. In in vitro testing against human tumor colony-forming units, all three compounds were significantly more effective when tested as a continuous exposure as compared with a 1-h exposure. The dose-limiting toxicities were different for all three of the agents, with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia being dose-limiting for topotecan; diarrhea, for CPT-11; and hepatotoxicity, for intoplicine. In these phase I studies a number of marginal responses were noted with topotecan; partial and marginal responses, with CPT-11 (particularly in patients with colon cancer); and no response, with intoplicine. The detailed pharmacology of all three agents documented a very short half-life for topotecan, an intermediate half-life for CPT-11, and a prolonged half-life for intoplicine. Based on our experience to date, these compounds (particularly CPT-11) have promise as useful additions to our tremendous therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Von Hoff
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284
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32
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van Gijn R, Kuijs S, Rosing H, Dubbelman AC, van Tellingen O, ten Bokkel Huinink WW, Pinedo HM, Beijnen JH. Determination of intoplicine, a new antitumour drug, in human faeces by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1993; 11:1345-8. [PMID: 8123753 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80123-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R van Gijn
- Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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van Gijn R, De Graaff-Teulen MJ, van Tellingen O, Beijnen JH. Chemical stability of the new antitumour agent intoplicine in infusion fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1993; 11:1353-6. [PMID: 8123754 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80125-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R van Gijn
- Slotervaart Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Bissery MC, Nguyen CH, Bisagni E, Vrignaud P, Lavelle F. Antitumor activity of intoplicine (RP 60475, NSC 645008), a new benzo-pyrido-indole: evaluation against solid tumors and leukemias in mice. Invest New Drugs 1993; 11:263-77. [PMID: 8157469 DOI: 10.1007/bf00874425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intoplicine (RP 60475, NSC 645008) is a new 7H-benzo[e]pyrido [4,3-b] indole derivative which interacts with DNA and inhibits both topoisomerases I and II. In vitro it was found cytotoxic against various cell types with greater cytotoxicity towards solid tumor cells. We report here the anticancer activity of RP 60475 against a variety of transplantable tumors of mice, and also its cross-resistance profile in leukemias. The end points used were % T/C (median tumor weight of the Treated over the Control x 100) and logCK (log10 cell kill total). RP 60475 administered i.v. was found schedule-independent with a peak plasma level problem. It had a good therapeutic index and host recovery usually occurred 7.5 days post last treatment. RP 60475 was found to be highly active against early stage colon 38 (T/C = 0%, 2.9 logCK) and could induce 5/5 complete regressions of advanced stage tumor. It was found active against colon adenocarcinoma 51 (T/C = 3.6%, 1.9 logCK) and colon carcinoma 26 (T/C = 11.7%, 1.2 logCK). Most of the mammary adenocarcinomas were found very responsive, MA16/C (T/C = 0%, 2.8 logCK), MA14/A (T/C = 0%, 1.4 logCK), MA13/C (T/C = 0%, 3.1 log CK) and MA44 (T/C = 34%). Excellent activity was also observed against early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 03 (T/C = 0%) and RP 60475 could achieve 5/5 complete regressions of upstaged tumor. Activity was also obtained on Glasgow osteogenic sarcoma (T/C = 0%, 3.3 logCK), on B16 melanoma (T/C = 14%, 1.3 logCK) and to a lesser extent on Lewis lung carcinoma (T/C = 33.2%). Evaluation of RP 60475 against leukemia sublines with acquired resistance, revealed that L1210/cisplatin and L1210/BCNU were not cross-resistant to RP 60475 whereas P388/vincristine was partially cross-resistant to RP 60475 and P388/doxorubicin was cross-resistant to RP 60475. Based on RP 60475 broad activity against transplantable tumors of mice, its effectiveness against some resistant sublines, its original mechanism of action and its acceptable toxicological profile, this compound was selected for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bissery
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer S.A., Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry sur Seine, France
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35
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van Gijn R, Rosing H, ten Bokkel Huinink WW, van Tellingen O, Vermorken JB, Liefting AJ, Bruno R, Pinedo HM, Beijnen JH. Determination of intoplicine, a new antitumour drug, in human whole blood and plasma by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 614:299-306. [PMID: 8314943 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80322-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intoplicine, a benzopyrido-indole derivative, is a novel anticancer agent currently under phase I clinical evaluation. A selective, sensitive normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay with fluorescence detection, suitable for the determination of intoplicine in human plasma and whole blood, is described. The sample pretreatment involves a protein precipitation step with 2-propanol. The reported assay was validated, and the stability of the analyte in plasma, in whole blood and in the extraction fluid was investigated. The method has been implemented in a pharmacokinetic phase I clinical trial with intoplicine given as a 24-h intravenous infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van Gijn
- Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Chapter 18. Antineoplastic Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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37
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In vitro cytotoxicity of carbazole derivatives IV. 5,11-Dimethyl-6H-pyrido[3,2-b]carbazoles substituted on the pyridine ring. Eur J Med Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(93)90032-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Mergny JL, Duval-Valentin G, Nguyen CH, Perrouault L, Faucon B, Rougée M, Montenay-Garestier T, Bisagni E, Hélène C. Triple helix-specific ligands. Science 1992; 256:1681-4. [PMID: 1609278 DOI: 10.1126/science.256.5064.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A triple helix is formed upon binding of an oligodeoxynucleotide to the major groove of duplex DNA. A benzo[e]pyridoindole derivative (BePI) strongly stabilized this structure and showed preferential binding to a triplex rather than to a duplex. Energy transfer experiments suggest that BePI intercalates within the triple helix. Sequence-specific inhibition of transcription initiation of a specific gene by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by a triplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotide is strongly enhanced when the triplex is stabilized by BePI. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, BePI induces covalent modifications of the target within the triple helix structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mergny
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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