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Kim KM, Hong JH. Efficient electrophilic fluorination for the synthesis of novel 2'-fluoro-3'-methyl-5'-deoxyphosphonic acid apiosyl nucleoside analogues. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 32:555-70. [PMID: 24124689 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.832774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel 5'-deoxyapiosyl purine phosphonic acid analogues with a 2'-electropositive moiety, such as, a fluorine atom were designed and synthesized from commercially available hydroxylacetone. Condensation of a glycosyl donor 10 with purines under Vorbruggen conditions and cross-metathesis give the desired nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues 14, 17, 21, and 24. The synthesized nucleoside analogues were subjected to antiviral screening against HIV-1, and the adenine analogue 17 exhibited weak in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50=26.6 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mi Kim
- a BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University , Kwangju , Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim E, Shen GH, Kang L, Hong JH. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 6',6'-difluoro 5'-deoxycarbocyclic phosphonic acid nucleosides as antiviral agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 32:396-410. [PMID: 23742064 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.797582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe highly efficient synthetic routes for the preparation of novel 6',6'-difluoro 5'-deoxycarbocyclic phosphonic acid nucleosides from 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene. The discovery that the 6'-fluorinated carbocyclic nucleoside (2, EC₅₀ = 0.16 μM) is a potent anti-HSV-1 agent led to the syntheses and biological evaluations of 6'-modified 5'-deoxyversions of carbocyclic phosphonate nucleosides. The synthesized nucleoside analogues 15, 18, 22, and 25 were tested for anti-HIV activity and for cytotoxicity. However, none of them showed significant anti-HIV-1 activity or cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Kim
- BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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3
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Shen GH, Hong JH. Synthesis of Novel 2'-Fluoro-5'-deoxyphosphonic Acids and Bis(SATE) Adenine Analogue as Potent Antiviral Agents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.12.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baszczyňski O, Janeba Z. Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorinated Cyclic and Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates. Med Res Rev 2013; 33:1304-44. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Shen GH, Kang L, Kim E, Hong JH. Synthesis of novel 3'-hydroxymethyl 5'-deoxythreosyl phosphonic acid nucleoside analogues as potent antiviral agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 31:720-35. [PMID: 23067124 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.724134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A very efficient synthetic route to novel 3'-hydroxymethyl 5'-deoxythreosyl phosphonic acid nucleosides was described. The discovery of threosyl phosphonate nucleoside (PMDTA, EC(50) = 2.53 μM) as a potent antihuman immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) agent has led to the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3'-modified 5'-deoxy versions of the threosyl phosphonate nucleosides. 3'-Hydroxymethyl 5 '-deoxythreosyl phosphonic acid nucleoside analogues 15, 19, 24, and 28 were synthesized from 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and tested for anti-HIV activity as well as cytotoxicity. The adenine analogue 19 exhibits moderate in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC(50) = 10.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huan Shen
- BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Shen GH, Hong JH. Synthesis of novel 2'-spirocyclopropyl-5'- deoxyphosphonic acid furanosyl nucleoside analogues as potent antiviral agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:503-21. [PMID: 22849645 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.695839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel 5'-deoxyfuranosyl purine phosphonic acid analogues with 2 '-electropositive moiety, such as spirocyclopropanoid, were designed and synthesized from commercially available diethyl malonate. Condensation reaction successfully proceeded from a glycosyl donor 15 at low reaction temperature in Vorbruggen conditions to give desired phosphonate analogues 16b and 23b. The synthesized nucleotide analogues 19, 22, 26, and 29 were subjected to antiviral screening against HIV-1. Adenine phosphonic acid analogue 22 shows significant anti-HIV activity (EC(50) = 7.9 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huan Shen
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Liu LJ, Kim E, Hong JH. Design and synthesis of novel threosyl-5'- deoxyphosphonic acid purine analogues as potent anti-HIV agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:411-22. [PMID: 22497256 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.670349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of threosyl phosphonate nucleoside (PMDTA, EC₅₀ = 2.53 μM) as a potent anti-HIV agent has led to the synthesis and biological evaluation of 5 '-deoxyversions of threosyl phosphonate nucleosides from 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene. The synthesized nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues 14 and 19 were tested for anti-HIV activity as well as cytotoxicity. The adenine analogue 14 exhibits moderate in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC₅₀ = 12.6 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Jin Liu
- BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Shen GH, Kang L, Kim EA, Lee WJ, Hong JH. Synthesis and Conformation of Novel 3'-Branched Threosyl-5'-Deoxyphosphonic Acid Nucleoside Analogues. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.8.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim E, Liu LJ, Lee W, Hong JH. Design and synthesis of novel 1',3'-dioxolane 5'-deoxyphosphonic acid purine analogues as potent antiviral agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:85-96. [PMID: 22303989 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.643849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Electronic parameters of 1',3 '-oxygen play significant roles in steering the conformation of nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues. To investigate the relationship of two oxygen atoms with antiviral enhancement, novel 1',3 '-dioxolane 5 '-deoxyphosphonic acid purine analogues were synthesized via de novo acyclic stereoselective route from acrolein and glycolic acid. The synthesized nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues 14 and 19 were subjected to antiviral screening against several viruses, such as HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV. The guanine analogue 19 exhibits in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity similar to that of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) in MT-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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Jung KY, Hohl RJ, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Synthesis of phosphonate derivatives of uridine, cytidine, and cytosine arabinoside. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2501-9. [PMID: 11058045 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The vinyl phosphonate derivatives of uridine, cytidine, and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) have been prepared through oxidation of appropriately protected nucleosides to the 5' aldehydes and Wittig condensation with [(diethoxyphosphinyl)methylidine]triphenylphosphorane. Dihydroxylation of these vinyl phosphonates with an AD-mix reagent generated the new 5',6'-dihydroxy-6'-phosphonates. After hydrolysis of the phosphonate esters and the various protecting groups, the six phosphonic acids were tested for their ability to serve as substrates for the enzyme nucleotide monophosphate kinase and for their toxicity to K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1294, USA.
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Liu J, Skradis A, Kolar C, Kolath J, Anderson J, Lawson T, Talmadge J, Gmeiner WH. Increased cytotoxicity and decreased in vivo toxicity of FdUMP[10] relative to 5-FU. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:1789-802. [PMID: 10478484 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is limited, in part, by its inefficient conversion to 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (FdUMP). We present data indicating that FdUMP[10], designed as a pro-drug for intracellular release of FdUMP, is cytotoxic as a consequence of uptake of the multimeric form. FdUMP[10] is stable in cell culture medium, with more than one-half of the material persisting as multimers of at least six nucleotides after a 48 h incubation at 37 degrees C. FdUMP[10] is more than 400 times more cytotoxic than 5-FU towards human colorectal tumor cells (H630). FdUMP[10] also has decreased toxicity in vivo, with doses as high as 200 mg/kg/day (qdx3) administered to Balb/c mice without morbidity, compared to a maximum tolerated dose of 45 mg/kg/day for 5-FU using the same protocol. FdUMP[10] shows reduced sensitivity to OPRTase- and TK-mediated drug resistance, relative to 5-FU and FdU, respectively, and is much more cytotoxic than 5-FU towards cells that overexpress thymidylate synthase. Thus, FdUMP[10] is less susceptible to resistance mechanisms that limit the clinical utility of 5-FU. The increased cytotoxicity, decreased toxicity in vivo, and reduced sensitivity to drug resistance of FdUMP[10], relative to 5-FU, indicates multimeric FdUMP is potentially valuable as an anti-neoplastic agent, either as a single agent, or in combination with 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-6805, USA
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Casara PJ, Jund KC, Clauss A, Navé JF, Snyder RD. Synthesis of acid stable 5′-o-fluoromethyl phosphonates of nucleosides. Evaluation as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Rode W, Kulikowski T, Kedzierska B, Shugar D. Studies on the interaction with thymidylate synthase of analogues of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate with modified phosphate groups. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36:203-10. [PMID: 3814166 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the phosphate moiety of dUMP, and some analogues, in their interaction with mammalian thymidylate synthase, has been investigated. Substrate and inhibitor activities, and the pH-dependence of these activities, of dUMP and 5-FdUMP, as well as analogues with modified phosphate groups, were compared. The methyl ester of dUMP was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor. By contrast, the methyl ester of 5-FdUMP was a slow-binding inhibitor of the enzyme from L1210, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and CCRF-CEM cells, with Ki values in the micromolar range. Both 5-FdUrd and the newly synthesized 5'-methylphosphonate of 5-FdUrd were also slow-binding inhibitors of the Ehrlich carcinoma enzyme, but with Ki values in the millimolar range. The interaction of dUMP, 5-FdUMP, and the methyl ester of the latter decreased with increase in pH, whereas that of the 5'-methyl-phosphonate of 5-FdUrd remained unchanged. The results are discussed in relation to the role of the phosphate hydroxyls of dUMP in binding to the enzyme. 5-FdUMP and its analogues exhibited differing interactions with two binding sites on the enzyme molecule, consistent with cooperativity of binding. A convenient procedure is described for the synthesis of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-methylphosphonate, applicable also to the preparation of other 5'-methylphosphonate analogues.
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