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Steinfeld T, Hughes AD, Klein U, Smith JAM, Mammen M. THRX-198321 is a bifunctional muscarinic receptor antagonist and beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) that binds in a bimodal and multivalent manner. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:389-99. [PMID: 21139051 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.069120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphenyl-2-yl-carbamic acid 1-{9-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-5-yl)-ethylamino]-nonyl}-piperidin-4-yl ester (THRX-198321) is a single molecule composed of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist moiety, represented by the fragment MA, linked by a C9 polymethylene chain to a β(2)-adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) agonist moiety, represented by the fragment 8-hydroxy-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-1H-quinolin-2-one (BA). THRX-198321 exhibited high affinity for mAChR (M(2) pK(I,App) = 10.57 ± 0.09; M(3) pK(I,App) = 10.07 ± 0.11) and β(2)AR (pK(I,App) = 9.54 ± 0.15), with potent mAChR antagonist (M(2) pK(I,Fn) = 9.69 ± 0.23; M(3) pK(I,Fn) = 10.05 ± 0.17) and β(2)AR agonist (pEC(50) = 9.25 ± 0.02) activities. Consistent with multivalent interactions, THRX-198321 binding affinity was >300-fold higher at mAChR and 29-fold higher at β(2)AR relative to its monovalent fragments biphenyl carbamic acid piperidinyl ester (MA) and BA, respectively. THRX-198321 was a competitive antagonist at mAChR (M(2) pK(B) = 9.98 ± 0.13; M(3) pK(B) = 10.31 ± 0.89), whereas THRX-198321 agonist activity at β(2)AR was competitively inhibited by propranolol. Interactions of THRX-198321 with an allosteric site on mAChR and a novel extracellular allosteric site on β(2)AR, respectively, were detected by measuring THRX-198321-evoked changes in the dissociation rates for the orthosteric radioligands, [N-methyl-(3)H]scopolamine methyl chloride (M(2) pEC(50,diss) = 6.73 ± 0.10; M(3) pEC(50,diss) = 5.02 ± 0.14) and [4,6-propyl-(3)H]dihydroalprenolol (β(2)AR pEC(50,diss) = 3.82 ± 0.25). The carbostyril-linker fragment (BA-L) binds to the allosteric site of mAChR (M(2) pEC(50,diss) = 5.06 ± 0.03; M(3) pEC(50,diss) = 4.15 ± 0.25), whereas the MA fragment binds to the allosteric site of β(2)AR (pEC(50,diss) = 3.60 ± 0.18). Collectively, these observations suggest that THRX-198321 exhibits a multivalent bimodal orientation in the orthosteric and allosteric binding pockets of mAChR and β(2)AR, a phenomenon that may be unique to this class of molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tod Steinfeld
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Theravance, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Baur F, Beattie D, Beer D, Bentley D, Bradley M, Bruce I, Charlton SJ, Cuenoud B, Ernst R, Fairhurst RA, Faller B, Farr D, Keller T, Fozard JR, Fullerton J, Garman S, Hatto J, Hayden C, He H, Howes C, Janus D, Jiang Z, Lewis C, Loeuillet-Ritzler F, Moser H, Reilly J, Steward A, Sykes D, Tedaldi L, Trifilieff A, Tweed M, Watson S, Wissler E, Wyss D. The Identification of Indacaterol as an Ultralong-Acting Inhaled β2-Adrenoceptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3675-84. [PMID: 20402514 DOI: 10.1021/jm100068m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Baur
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Beattie
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Beer
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Bentley
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Bradley
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ian Bruce
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven J. Charlton
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Cuenoud
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Ernst
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin A. Fairhurst
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Faller
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Farr
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Keller
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John R. Fozard
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joe Fullerton
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sheila Garman
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hatto
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Hayden
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Handan He
- DMPK-Translational Science, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Colin Howes
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Janus
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Lewis
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Loeuillet-Ritzler
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Moser
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Reilly
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Steward
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Sykes
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Tedaldi
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Trifilieff
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morris Tweed
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Watson
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke Wissler
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wyss
- Respiratory Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K. and Lichtstrasse, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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