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Bao W, Gu G, Wu J, Gu YC, Zhao Y. Detection and Identification of Nitrile Compounds via Recognition-Enabled Chromatographic 19F NMR. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4463-4468. [PMID: 38462969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The surge in applications of nitrile compounds across diverse fields, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and functional materials, necessitates the development of rapid and efficient detection and identification methods. In this study, we introduce a chemosensing strategy employing a novel 19F-labeled probe, facilitating swift and accurate analysis of a broad spectrum of nitrile-containing analytes. This approach leverages the reversible interaction between the 19F-labeled probe and the analytes to produce chromatogram-like outputs, ensuring the precise identification of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides within complex matrices. Additionally, this dynamic system offers a versatile platform to investigate through-space 19F-19F interactions, showcasing its potential for future applications in mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangxing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Gypakis A, Adelt S, Lemoine H, Vogel G, Wasner HK. Activated Inositol Phosphate, Substrate for Synthesis of Prostaglandylinositol Cyclic Phosphate (Cyclic PIP)-The Key for the Effectiveness of Inositol-Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1362. [PMID: 38338641 PMCID: PMC10855042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural cyclic AMP antagonist, prostaglandylinositol cyclic phosphate (cyclic PIP), is biosynthesized from prostaglandin E (PGE) and activated inositol phosphate (n-Ins-P), which is synthesized by a particulate rat-liver-enzyme from GTP and a precursor named inositol phosphate (pr-Ins-P), whose 5-ring phosphodiester structure is essential for n-Ins-P synthesis. Aortic myocytes, preincubated with [3H] myo-inositol, synthesize after angiotensin II stimulation (30 s) [3H] pr-Ins-P (65% yield), which is converted to [3H] n-Ins-P and [3H] cyclic PIP. Acid-treated (1 min) [3H] pr-Ins-P co-elutes with inositol (1,4)-bisphosphate in high performance ion chromatography, indicating that pr-Ins-P is inositol (1:2-cyclic,4)-bisphosphate. Incubation of [3H]-GTP with unlabeled pr-Ins-P gave [3H]-guanosine-labeled n-Ins-P. Cyclic PIP synthase binds the inositol (1:2-cyclic)-phosphate part of n-Ins-P to PGE and releases the [3H]-labeled guanosine as [3H]-GDP. Thus, n-Ins-P is most likely guanosine diphospho-4-inositol (1:2-cyclic)-phosphate. Inositol feeding helps patients with metabolic conditions related to insulin resistance, but explanations for this finding are missing. Cyclic PIP appears to be the key for explaining the curative effect of inositol supplementation: (1) inositol is a molecular constituent of cyclic PIP; (2) cyclic PIP triggers many of insulin's actions intracellularly; and (3) the synthesis of cyclic PIP is decreased in diabetes as shown in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Gypakis
- General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stephan Adelt
- Fachbereich C—Biochemie, Bergische University, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Horst Lemoine
- Institute for Laser-Medicine, Molecular Drug-Research Group, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Günter Vogel
- Fachbereich C—Biochemie, Bergische University, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Heinrich K. Wasner
- BioReg Biopharm, Technology Innovation Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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Wang X, Wang Y, Li X, Yu Z, Song C, Du Y. Nitrile-containing pharmaceuticals: target, mechanism of action, and their SAR studies. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1650-1671. [PMID: 34778767 PMCID: PMC8528211 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrile group is an important functional group widely found in both pharmaceutical agents and natural products. More than 30 nitrile-containing pharmaceuticals have been approved by the FDA for the management of a broad range of clinical conditions in the last few decades. Incorporation of a nitrile group into lead compounds has gradually become a promising strategy in rational drug design as it can bring additional benefits including enhanced binding affinity to the target, improved pharmacokinetic profile of parent drugs, and reduced drug resistance. This paper reviews the existing drugs with a nitrile moiety that have been approved or in clinical trials, involving their targets, molecular mechanism of pharmacology and SAR studies, and classifies them into different categories based on their clinical usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yuanxun Wang
- National Institution of Biological Sciences, Beijing No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park Beijing 102206 China
| | - Xuemin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao City Shandong Province 266237 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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4
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The expression of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in human umbilical arteries with severe pre-eclampsia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7955. [PMID: 33846486 PMCID: PMC8041753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish the expression of ATP-sensitive potassium channels(KATP) in human umbilical arteries with severe pre-eclampsia. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of KATP channel subunits Kir6.1 and SUR2B in human umbilical arteries from normal pregnant and those with severe pre-eclampsia, early onset severe pre-eclampsia and late onset severe pre-eclampsia. The mRNA and protein levels of SUR2B in the severe pre-eclampsia group were lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.001), and the expression of Kir6.1 was not statistically significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of SUR2B in early onset severe pre-eclampsia group were lower than those in late onset severe pre-eclampsia group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in expression of Kir6.1 between the two groups (P > 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of SUR2B in pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia were lower than those in normal pregnant women, suggesting that the expression of the SUR2B of the KATP channel may be related to the occurrence and development of severe pre-eclampsia. Compared with late onset severe pre-eclampsia, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SUR2B were lower in the umbilical arteries of women with early onset severe pre-eclampsia, suggesting that the occurrence time of severe pre-eclampsia may be related to the extent reduced expression of the SUR2B of the KATP channel.
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5
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Heydari S, Habibi D, Reza Faraji A, keypour H, Mahmoudabadi M. An overview on the progress and development on the palladium catalyzed direct cyanation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Liu Z, Shao Y, Zhu G, Wang X, Chai Y, Wang L. Gas phase reaction between chromones and solvent in an electrospray ionization source. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:66-72. [PMID: 30381853 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromones were measured by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative mode. Interestingly, in addition to the deprotonated ion ([M - H]- ), unexpected [M + 17]- and [M + 31]- ions were observed in high intensity when water and methanol were used as the solvent. Chromones with different substitutes were tested. Compared with the deprotonated ion, [M + 17]- and [M + 31]- ions were observed with higher abundances when the C-3 site of chromones was substituted by electron withdrawing groups. Based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), deuterium-labeling and collisional-induced dissociation experiments, a covalent gas-phase nucleophilic addition reaction between chromone and water, and the formation of a noncovalent complex between chromone and methanol were proposed as the mechanism for the observed [M + 17]- and [M + 31]- ions, respectively. Understanding and using these unique gas phase reactions can avoid misannotation when analyzing chromones and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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7
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Costa M, Dias TA, Brito A, Proença F. Biological importance of structurally diversified chromenes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:487-507. [PMID: 27494166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Compounds incorporating the chromene scaffold are largely present in natural products and display a wide variety of biological activities. Their low toxicity combined to the broad pharmacological properties have inspired medicinal chemists in the search for new therapeutic agents. This review covers the literature between 1993 and on the biological activity of 2H- and 4H-chromenes, both from natural and synthetic origin. Includes a section that identifies a selection of chromene-based natural products, followed by recent literature on bioactive natural chromenes and the corresponding source, covering plants and fruits. Synthetic chromenes are equally important and a separate section addresses the use of these derivatives as new leads for drug discovery. Different biological targets were identified, namely those associated with anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and antipsychotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tatiana A Dias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Brito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Proença
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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8
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Hadianawala M, Shaik A, Hasija N, Vasu AK, Datta DB. Sodium Cyanate Mediated Synthesis of Sulfonylurea and Sulfonyltriuret from Sulfonyl Chloride and Amine. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtuza Hadianawala
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; village Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 India
| | - Althaf Shaik
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; village Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 India
| | - Nisha Hasija
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; village Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 India
| | - Anuji K. Vasu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; village Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 India
| | - Dr Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; village Palaj Gandhinagar 382355 India
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9
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Ranjith Reddy K, Siva Reddy A, Dhaked DK, Rasheed SK, Pathania AS, Shankar R, Malik F, Das P. Palladium-catalyzed arylation of 2H-chromene: a new entry to pyrano[2,3-c]carbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9285-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01295c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Various pyrano[2,3-c]carbazoles are synthesized in high yields over five steps from commercially available resorcinol. Palladium-catalyzed arylation remains a key step in this novel strategy. The versatility of this protocol has been demonstrated by the first total synthesis of naturally occurring carbazole clauraila C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ranjith Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
| | - A. Siva Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
| | - Devendra K. Dhaked
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - S. K. Rasheed
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
| | - Anup Singh Pathania
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)
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10
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Reyes-Trejo B, Guerra-Ramírez D, Zuleta-Prada H, Santillán R, Sánchez-Mendoza ME, Arrieta J, Reyes L. Molecular disorder in (‒)-encecanescin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 19:4695-707. [PMID: 24739931 PMCID: PMC6271977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(‒)-Encecanescin (1) has been isolated from the leaves of Eupatorium aschembornianum. Two conformers are present in the crystal structure as a result of molecular disorder. The structure of 1 was established by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3 solution using 2D NMR techniques (gHSQC, gHMBC and NOESY). A Monte Carlo random search using molecular mechanics followed by the geometry optimization of each minimum energy structure using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6–31G* level and a Boltzmann analysis of the total energies generated accurate molecular models describing the conformational behavior of 1. The three most stable conformers 2–4 of compound 1 were reoptimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory using CHCl3 as a solvent. Correlations between the experimental 1H- and 13C-NMR chemical shifts (δexp) have been found, and the GIAO/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculated magnetic isotropic shielding tensors (σcalc) for conformers 2 and 3, δexp = a + b σcalc, are reported. A good linear relationship between the experimental and calculated NMR data has been obtained for protons and carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Reyes-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola AP 74 Oficina de Correos Chapingo, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Diana Guerra-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola AP 74 Oficina de Correos Chapingo, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Holber Zuleta-Prada
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola AP 74 Oficina de Correos Chapingo, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Santillán
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México D.F. 07000, Mexico.
| | - María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F. 11340, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Arrieta
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F. 11340, Mexico.
| | - Lino Reyes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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11
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Martelli A, Manfroni G, Sabbatini P, Barreca ML, Testai L, Novelli M, Sabatini S, Massari S, Tabarrini O, Masiello P, Calderone V, Cecchetti V. 1,4-Benzothiazine ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Openers: Modifications at the C-2 and C-6 Positions. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4718-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno
6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno
6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Novelli
- Dipartimento
di Ricerca Traslazionale
e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Dipartimento
di Ricerca Traslazionale
e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno
6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Avupati VR, Yejella RP, Guntuku G, Gunta P. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of some novel diarylsulfonylureas as potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1031-5. [PMID: 22200598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel diarylsulfonylureas (1-28) have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and LC mass spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. Among the tested compounds for cytotoxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality assay, compounds 18 and 22 exhibited significant cytotoxicity at ED(50) values 3.96±0.21 and 4.02±0.19μg/mL, respectively. This level of activity was found comparable to that of the reference drug podophyllotoxin with ED(50) value 3.61±0.17μg/mL and it could be a remarkable starting point to develop new lead molecules with major cytotoxicity. Antimicrobial activity was screened using agar well diffusion assay method against selected Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungal strains. Most of the compounds showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activity and the activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Rao Avupati
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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13
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Fleming FF, Yao L, Ravikumar PC, Funk L, Shook BC. Nitrile-containing pharmaceuticals: efficacious roles of the nitrile pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7902-17. [PMID: 20804202 PMCID: PMC2988972 DOI: 10.1021/jm100762r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1131] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282-1530, USA.
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14
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Fischer A, Schmidt C, Lachenicht S, Grittner D, Winkler M, Wrobel T, Rood A, Lemoine H, Frank W, Braun M. Synthesis of Benzofuran, Benzothiophene, and Benzothiazole-Based Thioamides and their Evaluation as KATP Channel Openers. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1749-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Lachenicht S, Fischer A, Schmidt C, Winkler M, Rood A, Lemoine H, Braun M. Synthesis of Modified 4H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides and Determination of their Affinity and Selectivity for Different Types of KATPChannels. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1850-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Stephan D, Salamon E, Weber H, Russ U, Lemoine H, Quast U. KATP channel openers of the benzopyran type reach their binding site via the cytosol. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:199-205. [PMID: 16921394 PMCID: PMC2013803 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are composed of pore-forming subunits (Kir6.x) and of sulphonylurea receptors (SUR). Both sulphonylureas and K(ATP) channel openers act by binding to SUR. Sulphonylureas reach their binding site from the cytosol but it remains unknown whether this holds for openers too. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A poorly membrane-permeant sulphonic acid derivative of the benzopyran-type opener, bimakalim, was synthesized, descyano-bimakalim-6-sulphonic acid (BMSA). Binding of BMSA and bimakalim was compared in membranes and intact cells expressing the Kir6.2/SUR2B channel and channel opening was compared in inside-out patches and whole cells. KEY RESULTS In membranes, bimakalim and BMSA bound to Kir6.2/SUR2B with Ki values of 61 nM and 4.3 microM, showing that the negative charge decreased affinity 69-fold. In intact cells, however, binding of BMSA was much weaker than in membranes (75-fold) whereas that of bimakalim was unchanged. The Ki value of BMSA decreased with increasing incubation time. In inside-out patches, bimakalim (1 microM) and BMSA (100 microM) opened the Kir6.2/SUR2B channel closed by MgATP to a similar degree whereas in whole-cell experiments, only bimakalim was effective. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Despite its negative charge, BMSA is an effective channel opener. The fact that BMSA binds and acts more effectively when applied to the inner side of the cell membrane shows that benzopyran openers reach their binding site at SUR from the cytosol. This suggests that the binding pocket of SUR is only open on the cytoplasmic side.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stephan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Carosati E, Lemoine H, Spogli R, Grittner D, Mannhold R, Tabarrini O, Sabatini S, Cecchetti V. Binding studies and GRIND/ALMOND-based 3D QSAR analysis of benzothiazine type K(ATP)-channel openers. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5581-91. [PMID: 16002299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For seventeen 1,4-benzothiazine potassium channel openers, we performed binding studies in rat aortic smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, compared their binding affinities with published relaxation data, and derived 3D-QSAR models using GRIND/ALMOND descriptors. Binding affinities in smooth muscle cells range from a pK(D) of 4.76 for compound 3e to 9.10 for compound 4c. Comparison of data for smooth muscle relaxation and binding shows preferentially higher pEC(50)s for the former. In cardiomyocytes, pK(D) values range from 4.21 for 3e to 8.16 for 4c. 3D-QSAR analysis resulted in PLS models of two latent variables for all three activities with determination coefficients of 0.97 (smooth muscle relaxation) and 0.94 (smooth muscle cells- and cardiomyocytes-binding). Internal validation yielded q(2) values of 0.69, 0.66, and 0.64. The carbonyl on the N-4 substituent, the hydrogen bond acceptor at C-6, the five-membered ring at N-4, and the gem-dimethyls mainly guide strong binding and strong smooth muscle relaxation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/physiology
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiology
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Binding, Competitive/physiology
- Computer Simulation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/physiology
- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thiazines/chemical synthesis
- Thiazines/chemistry
- Thiazines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Carosati
- Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 10, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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18
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Martin C, Sandrinelli F, Perrio C, Perrio S, Lasne MC. Oxidation of Aromatic Lithium Thiolates into Sulfinate Salts: An Attractive Entry to Aryl Sulfones Labeled with Carbon-11. J Org Chem 2005; 71:210-4. [PMID: 16388637 DOI: 10.1021/jo051942v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Aromatic 11C-sulfones were synthesized by S alkylation of lithium arenesulfinates, which are readily available from the corresponding thiols by an oxaziridine-mediated oxidation reaction with [11C]alkyl iodides in THF/H2O (4:1) at 150 degrees C. The radiosyntheses, including purification by HPLC, were completed in an average of 35 min from the end of the bombardment with 55-76% overall radiochemical yields (decay corrected). The described procedure extends the range of accessible labeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Martin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (UMR CNRS 6507), ENSICAEN, Université de Caen-Basse Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
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19
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Mannhold R. KATP channel openers: structure-activity relationships and therapeutic potential. Med Res Rev 2004; 24:213-66. [PMID: 14705169 DOI: 10.1002/med.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) are heteromeric complexes of pore-forming inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunits and regulatory sulfonylurea receptor subunits. K(ATP) channels were identified in a variety of tissues including muscle cells, pancreatic beta-cells, and various neurons. They are regulated by the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio; ATP induces channel inhibition and MgADP induces channel opening. Functionally, K(ATP) channels provide a means of linking the electrical activity of a cell to its metabolic state. Shortening of the cardiac action potential, smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of both insulin secretion, and neurotransmitter release are mediated via K(ATP) channels. Given their many physiological functions, K(ATP) channels represent promising drug targets. Sulfonylureas like glibenclamide block K(ATP) channels; they are used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. Openers of K(ATP) channels (KCOs), for example, relax smooth muscle and induce hypotension. KCOs are chemically heterogeneous and include as different classes as the benzopyrans, cyanoguanidines, thioformamides, thiadiazines, and pyridyl nitrates. Examples for new chemical entities more recently developed as KCOs include cyclobutenediones, dihydropyridine related structures, and tertiary carbinols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Mannhold
- Department of Laser Medicine, Molecular Drug Research Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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20
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Chapter 24. Advances in technologies for the discovery and characterization of ion channel modulators: Focus on potassium channels. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(02)37025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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