1
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Zheng P, Cao W, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang M. Ultrafast Sulfur Mustard Simulant Gas Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Triazole AIEE Material with High Selectivity and Sensitivity at Room Temperature. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1946-1957. [PMID: 35819023 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel blue aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) material 4-N-(naphthalen-l-yl)-3,5-bis(4-N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine)phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NDTAZ) is developed and used as a fluorescent chemosensor for sulfur mustard (SM) simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) vapor. The NDTAZ chemosensor is designed by introducing an electron-donating N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine group at 3 and 5 position of 4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) to enhance the nucleophilicity of the TAZ group, and a naphthalene ring is connected to 4 position of the TAZ group to construct an AIEE molecule. The NDTAZ films show extraordinary stability and then are further used as reliable and portable fluorescent chemosensors. Upon exposure to 2-CEES vapor, the NDTAZ chemosensor exhibits an instantaneous fluorescence response (not more than 1 s). What should be noted is that this fluorescent chemosensor realizes the visualized detection of fluorescent color change from blue to green at "room temperature", which is rarely reported. The limit of detection is estimated to be 0.55 ppm, which is below the AEGL-1 (0.6 ppm for 1 min) safety ceiling level to SM exposure. Moreover, the NDTAZ chemosensor shows high selectivity toward 2-CEES vapor over closely related substances, including alkylating agents, aryl halide compounds, sulphur-containing compounds, and nerve agent mimics. More impressively, the NDTAZ chemosensor demonstrates good recyclability by water treatment. Also, the sensing mechanism is adequately proved by using multiple experimental methods and theoretical calculation. In addition, the NDTAZ-based facile filter paper-constructed test strips are fabricated for real-time and on-spot detection of leaked 2-CEES gas specifically. Therefore, this fluorescent chemosensor with excellent sensing performance greatly advances the practical detection of SM species at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Arora A, Bhuria V, Singh S, Pathak U, Mathur S, Hazari PP, Roy BG, Sandhir R, Soni R, Dwarakanath BS, Bhatt AN. Amifostine analog, DRDE-30, alleviates radiation induced lung damage by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis. Life Sci 2022; 298:120518. [PMID: 35367468 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy of thoracic neoplasms and accidental radiation exposure often results in pneumonitis and fibrosis of lungs. Here, we investigated the potential of amifostine analogs: DRDE-07, DRDE-30, and DRDE-35, in alleviating radiation-induced lung damage. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 13.5 Gy thoracic irradiation, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the analogs, and assessed for modulation of the pathological response at 12 and 24 weeks. KEY FINDINGS DRDE-07, DRDE-30 and DRDE-35 increased the survival of irradiated mice from 20% to 30%, 80% and 70% respectively. Reduced parenchymal opacity (X-ray CT) in the lungs of DRDE-30 pre-treated mice corroborated well with the significant decrease in Ashcroft score (p < 0.01). Two-fold increase in SOD and catalase activities (p < 0.05), coupled with a 50% increase in GSH content and a 60% decrease in MDA content (p < 0.05) suggested restoration of the antioxidant defence system. A 20% to 40% decrease in radiation-induced apoptotic and mitotic death in the lung tissue (micronuclei: p < 0.01), resulted in attenuated lung and vascular permeability (FITC-Dextran leakage) by 50% (p < 0.01), and a commensurate reduction (~50%) in leukocyte infiltration in the injured tissue (p < 0.05). DRDE-30 abrogated the activation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling cascades, suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β: p < 0.05; TNF-α: p < 0.05; IL-6: p < 0.05) and up-regulation of CAMs on the endothelial cell surface. Reduction in hydroxyproline content (p < 0.01) and collagen suggested inhibition of lung fibrosis which was associated with attenuation of TGF-β/Smad pathway-mediated-EMT. CONCLUSION DRDE-30 could be a potential prophylactic agent against radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Arora
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Bhuria
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Uma Pathak
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Sweta Mathur
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Puja P Hazari
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bal G Roy
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India; Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Feng W, Li H, Xue MJ, Zhang QL, Liu SL, Song QH. Quinoline-2-thione-based fluorescent probes for selective and sensitive detections of mustard gas and its analogues. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338440. [PMID: 33867036 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, also called as mustard gas (HD)) is a persistent and highly toxic gas used as chemical weapon in wars and military conflicts. Moreover, owing to its simple structure and easy synthesis, it is the most likely chemical agent used by terrorists. For this reason, it is vital important to develop a facile, rapid and reliable detection system for SM. In this paper, we have developed four quinoline-2-thiones as fluorescent probes, 2a-2d, for the detection of SM and its analogues, half sulfur mustard (CEES) and a nitrogen mustard NH1. In the presence of KOH, these quinoline-2-thiones deprotonated to quinoline-2-thiophenol anions, which react with SM and its analogues rapidly to form quinoline-2-thiethers with highly efficient fluorescence, giving turn-on fluorescence response. The sensing products with CEES were isolated and fully characterized, thereby, the sensing mechanism was firmly established. The fluorescent probes with 4-trifluoromethyl group, 2b and 2d, exhibit rapid response to SM, CEES and NH1 (within 1 min at 60 °C for CEES and NH1), high sensitivity (limit of detection, 50 nM for SM and 20 nM for NH1) and high selectivity. Furthermore, polymer film test strips were fabricated with probe-embedded poly(ethylene oxide) for the detection of CEES vapor. These test strips displayed a rapid response (<4 min) to gaseous CEES with high sensitivity (0.2 ppm) and high selectivity. These results show that fluorescent probes 2b and 2d have a good application prospect in the field detection of mustard gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Min-Jie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Qiao-Li Zhang
- The Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Chemical Defence, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Shi-Lei Liu
- The Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Chemical Defence, Beijing, 102205, PR China.
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
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Kumar V. Chromo-fluorogenic sensors for chemical warfare agents in real-time analysis: journey towards accurate detection and differentiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3430-3444. [PMID: 33725077 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The existence of chemical weapons (blister and nerve agents) is an unfortunate reality of the modern world. The usage of these chemical agents by rogue states or terrorist groups has showcased their ugly faces in the past and even in recent years. Despite extensive and strenuous efforts by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to eliminate chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by the prohibition of their production and the destruction of their stockpiles, many countries still possess them in enormous quantities. Given the potential threat from these lethal agents, it is imperative to have a foolproof chemical sensor and detection system, which should consist of readily deployable chemical probes that can operate with high specificity and sensitivity. Over the last decade, our group has been engaged in designing and developing novel field-deployable sensing techniques by exploring approaches based on supramolecular tools, which can result in excellent specificity, sensitivity, high speed, portability and low cost. In this article, I describe our group's journey and success stories in the development of chemical warfare detection protocols, detailing the range of unique chemical probes and methods explored to achieve the specific detection of individual agents under real environmental conditions. It is interesting to note that the combination of three molecular probes (SQ, Fc and LH2) could simply achieve the detection of all CWAs at room temperature in one go without the need for nonportable and expensive instruments. The ease and generality of these techniques/methods suggest great promise for the highly specific chemical sensing of almost the entire class of CWAs. In this paper, a brief introduction is first provided to present the basic chemistry related to CWAs and the importance of supramolecular chemistry in the design of new protocols with new insights. The manipulation of molecular probes is then debated towards the development of a system for the chromo-fluorogenic sensing of CWAs without interference from most relevant analytes. Finally, the outlook of open challenges and the future developments of this rapidly evolving field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Process and Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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Gupta A, Vijayaraghavan R, Gautam A. Combination therapy of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethylphenyl sulfide for sulfur mustard induced oxidative stress in mice. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:599-606. [PMID: 33842212 PMCID: PMC8020435 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sulfur mustard (SM) is chemically, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and a strong alkylating agent that causes cytotoxicity and blisters on skin. In laboratory animal models, SM is extremely lethal. Since no specific antidote has been proposed, decontamination upon contact is the recommended procedure. Several antidotes have been screened for SM, and in that sulfanyl compounds, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethylphenyl sulfide (DRDE-07) showed good protection. Since they showed protection at high doses, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in combination at low dose, for percutaneously administered SM in mice. Material and Methods 4 LD50 of SM (32.4 mg/kg) was administered, and NAC (50 mg/kg), DRDE-07 (25 and 50 mg/kg) and their combinations were evaluated as 30 min pre-treatment by single oral administration. Result After 72 h of SM exposure, significant decrease in body weight, decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione, and increase in hepatic malondialdehyde were observed (P < 0.001), showing oxidative stress. The combination of NAC (100 mg/kg) and DRDE-07 (50 mg/kg) showed significant protection (P < 0.01). The severe histopathological lesions induced by SM in liver, spleen and skin were also considerably reduced by the combination. Conclusion The combination of NAC and DRDE-07 having sulfanyl groups, will be promising antioxidants and an effective antidote for SM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Mantola, Agra, 282002, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Anshoo Gautam
- Division of CBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Li D, Xi H, Han S, Zhao S. A turn-on fluorescent probe based on N-(rhodamine-B)-thiolactam-2- n-butane with ionic liquids for selective and sensitive detection of mustard gas stimulant. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:484-490. [PMID: 33427830 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is recognized as one of the most lethal warfare agents. It has the potential to seriously affect public health and safety. To employ appropriate medical countermeasures and treat victims as quickly as possible, the development of a rapid and simple SM detection technique is crucial. The aim of the present study was to explore novel detection systems exhibiting excellent selectivity and high sensitivity. An SM probe, namely N-(rhodamine-B)-thiolactam-2-n-butane (SRB-NB), which was based on a thiolactam structure, was effectively designed and synthesized. The rhodamine and thiourea moieties played the roles of the chromogenic and reacting groups, respectively. Subsequently, using ionic liquids (ILs) as the solvents, a turn-on fluorescence detection system was constructed. Notably, it was found that imidazole-based ILs displayed good solubility for an SM simulant, specifically 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES). Moreover, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyandiamide ([BMIm]DCA) IL held the maximum amount of 2-CEES (132.5 g/100 g). The SRB-NB probe exhibited better ultraviolet (UV) absorption and fluorescence properties in ILs than in other organic solvents. SRB-NB/IL was able to detect 2-CEES in liquid form with remarkable selectivity and sensitivity. The limit of detection (LOD) was established at 3.0 × 10-6 M. Importantly, SRB-NB/ILs also showed good optical response to gaseous 2-CEES and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Hailing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Shitong Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Sanping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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7
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Ma B, Zuo G, Dong B, Gao S, You L, Wang X. Optical detection of sulfur mustard contaminated surfaces based on a sprayable fluorescent probe. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A water-based sprayable functional polymer was immobilized with the fluorescent probe DPXT and was used as a chemo-sensor for rapid localization of surface contamination by sulfur mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Institute of NBC defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Guomin Zuo
- Institute of NBC defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Shi Gao
- Institute of NBC defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Lijuan You
- Institute of NBC defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Institute of NBC defense, P.O. Box 1048, Beijing, 102205, China
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8
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Soliman B, Wang N, Zagotto G, Pockes S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of heteroalicyclic cyanoguanidines at histamine receptors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900107. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Soliman
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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9
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Arora A, Bhuria V, Hazari PP, Pathak U, Mathur S, Roy BG, Sandhir R, Soni R, Dwarakanath BS, Bhatt AN. Amifostine Analog, DRDE-30, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:394. [PMID: 29740320 PMCID: PMC5928292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is an effective curative option in the management of several malignancies including pleural effusions; but pulmonary toxicity, comprising of pneumonitis and fibrosis, poses challenge in its use as a front-line chemotherapeutic. Although Amifostine has been found to protect lungs from the toxic effects of radiation and BLM, its application is limited due to associated toxicity and unfavorable route of administration. Therefore, there is a need for selective, potent, and safe anti-fibrotic drugs. The current study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of DRDE-30, an analog of Amifostine, on BLM-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 mice. Whole body micro- computed tomography (CT) was used to non-invasively observe tissue damage, while broncheo-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were assessed for oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Changes in the lung density revealed by micro-CT suggested protection against BLM-induced lung injury by DRDE-30, which correlated well with changes in lung morphology and histopathology. DRDE-30 significantly blunted BLM-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs evidenced by reduced oxidative damage, endothelial barrier dysfunction, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and protection of tissue architecture, that could be linked to enhanced anti-oxidant defense system and suppression of redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. DRDE-30 decreased the BLM-induced augmentation in BALF TGF-β and lung hydroxyproline levels, as well as reduced the expression of the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), suggesting the suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as one of its anti-fibrotic effects. The results demonstrate that the Amifostine analog, DRDE-30, ameliorates the oxidative injury and lung fibrosis induced by BLM and strengthen its potential use as an adjuvant in alleviating the side effects of BLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Arora
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Puja P Hazari
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Pathak
- Synthetic Chemistry Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Sweta Mathur
- Synthetic Chemistry Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Bal G Roy
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anant N Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhang Y, Lv Y, Wang X, Peng A, Zhang K, Jie X, Huang J, Tian Z. A Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Sub-ppm Levels of a Sulfur Mustard Simulant with High Selectivity. Anal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kumar V, Rana H, Raviraju G, Gupta AK. Chemodosimeter for Selective and Sensitive Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Detection of Mustard Gas for Real Time Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1417-1422. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Process and Technology Development
Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Hemlata Rana
- Process and Technology Development
Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - G. Raviraju
- Process and Technology Development
Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Arvind K. Gupta
- Process and Technology Development
Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
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12
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Chen L, Oh H, Wu D, Kim MH, Yoon J. An ESIPT fluorescent probe and a nanofiber platform for selective and sensitive detection of a nerve gas mimic. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2276-2279. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09901k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An ESIPT based fluorescent probe, containing a hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole fluorophore and an oxime reaction site, serves as a selective probe for a nerve gas mimic, diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP), in solutions and the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Hyerim Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
- School of Chemistry
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul
- Korea
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13
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Chauhan V, Chaudhary D, Pathak U, Saxena N, Dhaked RK. In Silico Discovery and Validation of Amide Based Small Molecule Targeting the Enzymatic Site of Shiga Toxin. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10763-10773. [PMID: 27933947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx), a category B biothreat agent, is a ribosome inactivating protein and toxic to human and animals. Here, we designed and synthesized small molecules that block the active site of the Stx A subunit. On the basis of binding energy, 20 molecules were selected for synthesis and evaluation. These molecules were primarily screened using fluorescence-based thermal shift assay and in vitro in Vero cells. Among 32 molecules (including 12 reported), six molecules offered protection with IC50 of 2.60-23.90 μM. 4-Nitro-N-[2-(2-phenylsulfanylethylamino)ethyl]benzamide hydrochloride is the most potent inhibitor with IC50 at 7.96 μM and selectivity index of 22.23 and is better than any known small molecule inhibitor of Stx. Preincubation with Stx offered full protection against Shiga toxin in mice. Surface plasmon resonance assay further confirmed that these molecules bind specifically to Stx A subunit. Further optimization is continued to identify a potential candidate which will be in vivo effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Biotechnology Division, ‡Synthetic Chemistry Division, and §Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Dilip Chaudhary
- Biotechnology Division, ‡Synthetic Chemistry Division, and §Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Uma Pathak
- Biotechnology Division, ‡Synthetic Chemistry Division, and §Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Nandita Saxena
- Biotechnology Division, ‡Synthetic Chemistry Division, and §Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Ram Kumar Dhaked
- Biotechnology Division, ‡Synthetic Chemistry Division, and §Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior 474002, India
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14
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Lin C, Li D, Wang B, Yao J, Zhang Y. Direct ortho-Thiolation of Arenes and Alkenes by Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:1328-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Danyang Li
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binjie Wang
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Zhou X, Lee S, Xu Z, Yoon J. Recent Progress on the Development of Chemosensors for Gases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7944-8000. [PMID: 25651137 DOI: 10.1021/cr500567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- †Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.,‡Research Center for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanjii 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyi Lee
- †Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- §Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- †Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kumar V, Rana H. Selective and sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of sulfur mustard in organic, aqueous and gaseous medium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18641b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A chromogenic and fluorogenic system based on a squaraine dye (SQ) was used for the highly selective and sensitive detection of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Synthetic Chemistry Division
- Defence Research & Development Establishment
- Gwalior 474002
- India
| | - Hemlata Rana
- Synthetic Chemistry Division
- Defence Research & Development Establishment
- Gwalior 474002
- India
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17
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Sawale SD, Ambhore PD, Pawar PP, Pathak U, Deb U, Satpute RM. Ameliorating effect of S-2(ω-aminoalkylamino) alkylaryl sulfide (DRDE-07) on sulfur mustard analogue, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:702-10. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.843109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Kumar V, Anslyn EV. A selective and sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of a sulfur mustard simulant. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Yao J, Yu M, Zhang Y. Thioethers as Directing Group for the Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Arenes. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Sharma M, Vijayaraghavan R, Agrawal OP. Comparative toxic effect of nitrogen mustards (HN-1, HN-2, and HN-3) and sulfur mustard on hematological and biochemical variables and their protection by DRDE-07 and its analogues. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:391-401. [PMID: 20466873 DOI: 10.1177/1091581810365730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustards (HN-1, HN-2, and HN-3) are highly reactive vesicants. The study was planned to investigate the protective efficacy of amifostine, DRDE-07 and their analogues, and few conventional antidotes (30 minutes pretreatment) against dermally applied SM and nitrogen mustards in preventing hematological and biochemical changes in mice. Mustard agents (1.0 median lethal dose [LD(50)]) induced a significant decrease in the body weight and spleen weight. A significant decrease in the white blood cell (WBC) count and an increase in serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) were observed. A significant decrease in reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were also observed. All the mustard agents increased DNA fragmentation. The effects of SM were significantly ameliorated by DRDE-07 analogues, and with nitrogen mustards the protection was partial. Overall, DRDE-30 (propyl analogue) followed by DRDE-35 (butyl analogue) are favored as safer and better compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, India
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21
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Kumar P, Gautam A, Prakash Chandra Jatav, kumar A, Ganeshan K, Pathak U, Vijayaraghavan R. Ameliorative effect of DRDE 07 and its analogues on the systemic toxicity of sulphur mustard and nitrogen mustard in rabbit. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:747-55. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327109359641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts, there is no unanimous approval of any animal model to evaluate the toxicity of sulphur mustard [SM; bis (2-chloroethyl) sulphide] or nitrogen mustard [HN-3; tris-(2-chloroethyl) amine] and screening of various prophylactic and therapeutic agents against them. In this study, differential toxicity of mustard agents in higher animal model that is male rabbit was determined. Protective efficacy of DRDE 07 [S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethyl phenyl sulphide] and its analogues were also evaluated against SM and HN-3 toxicity. Differential toxicity study of SM and HN-3 reveals that both the compounds were more toxic by percutaneous route as compared to subcutaneous route. Till date, there is no recommended drug to counteract SM induced toxicity or mortality in vivo. However, DRDE 07 (an amifostine analogue) and its analogues are found to be very effective protective agents against percutaneously exposed SM in rabbits. The present experiments also showed that SM does not cause skin injury alone but also can cause systemic toxicity as well. DRDE 07 and many of its analogues may prove as prototype compounds for the development of better prophylactic and therapeutic drugs to counter the toxicity of SM or HN-3. In conclusion, rodents and rabbits can be used for the screening of drugs against the blistering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India
| | - Anshoo Gautam
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India,
| | | | - Abdhesh kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India
| | - K. Ganeshan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India
| | - Uma Pathak
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India
| | - R. Vijayaraghavan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India
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22
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Bhutia YD, Vijayaraghavan R, Pathak U. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of amifostine, DRDE-07, and their analogs, in mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42:17-20. [PMID: 20606831 PMCID: PMC2885634 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.62401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find out the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, if any, of Amifostine [S-2(3 amino propyl amino) ethyl phosphorothioate], DRDE-07 [S-2(3 amino ethyl amino) ethyl phenyl sulphide] and their analogs DRDE-30 and DRDE-35, the probable prophylactic agent for sulphur mustard (SM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to find out the analgesic activities of the compounds two methods were employed, namely, acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking. The persistent pain model of formalin-induced hind paw licking was carried out to test the effect of the compounds on neurogenic pain or early phase (0 to 5 minutes) and on the peripheral pain or the late phase (15 to 30 minutes). To test the effect of the compound in acute inflammation, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema was carried out. This model of inflammation involves a variety of mediators of inflammation. RESULTS DRDE-07 (81.7%) and DRDE-30 (79.4%) showed significant reduction in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. DRDE-07 (93.1%), DRDE-30 (82%), and DRDE-35 (61.3%) showed significant reduction in the second or late phase of formalin-induced paw licking. All the analogs (more than 60%) including amifostine (43.9%) showed significant reduction of paw edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. CONCLUSION The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the antidotes were comparable with aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uma Pathak
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Igel P, Geyer R, Strasser A, Dove S, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of cyanoguanidine-type and structurally related histamine H4 receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6297-313. [PMID: 19791743 DOI: 10.1021/jm900526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified high-affinity human histamine H3 (hH3R) and H4 receptor (hH4R) ligands among a series of NG-acylated imidazolylpropylguanidines, which were originally designed as histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists. Aiming at selectivity for hH4R, the acylguanidine group was replaced with related moieties. Within a series of cyanoguanidines, 2-cyano-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[(2-phenylthio)ethyl]guanidine (UR-PI376, 67) was identified as the most potent hH4R agonist (pEC50 = 7.47, alpha = 0.93) showing negligible hH1R and hH2R activities and significant selectivity over the hH3R (pKB = 6.00, alpha = -0.28), as determined in steady-state GTPase assays using membrane preparations of hH(x)R-expressing Sf9 cells. In contrast to previously described selective H4R agonists, this compound and other 3-substituted derivatives are devoid of agonistic activity at the other HR subtypes. Modeling of the binding mode of 67 suggests that the cyanoguanidine moiety forms charge-assisted hydrogen bonds not only with the conserved Asp-94 but also with the hH4R-specific Arg-341 residue. 2-Carbamoyl-1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(3-phenylpropyl)guanidine (UR-PI97, 88) was unexpectedly identified as a highly potent and selective hH3R inverse agonist (pKB = 8.42, >300-fold selectivity over the other HR subtypes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Igel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitatsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Sharma M, Vijayaraghavan R, Gautam A. DRDE-07 and its analogues as promising cytoprotectants to nitrogen mustard (HN-2)—An alkylating anticancer and chemical warfare agent. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:243-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Pathak U, Pandey LK, Mazumder A, Kumar R, Raza S. A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT MICROWAVE MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL S- HETEROCYCLIC AMINOALKYLAMINO ETHNANE THIOLS. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2008.14.4.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Pandey LK, Pathak U, Rao AN. Silica–PSCl3: A Mild and Efficient Reagent for Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701572753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Kulkarni AS, Vijayaraghavan R, Anshoo G, Satish HT, Pathak U, Raza SK, Pant SC, Malhotra RC, Prakash AO. Evaluation of analogues of DRDE-07 as prophylactic agents against the lethality and toxicity of sulfur mustard administered through percutaneous route. J Appl Toxicol 2006; 26:115-25. [PMID: 16421877 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM), chemically bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide is a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes serious blisters on contact with human skin. Although several antidotes have been reported for the systemic toxicity of SM in experimental animals none of them are approved so far and decontamination of SM immediately by physical or chemical means is recommended as the best protection. Two compounds amifostine [S-2(3-aminopropylamino) ethyl phosphorothioate] and DRDE-07 [S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethyl phenyl sulfide] gave very good protection as an oral prophylactic agent against SM the in mouse model, but in the rat model the protection was only moderate. In the search for more effective and less toxic compounds, a number of analogues of DRDE-07 were synthesised and their protective efficacy was evaluated in mouse and rat models. The LD50 of S-aryl substitution was between 1 and 2 g kg(-1) and S-alkyl substitution was more than 2 g kg(-1). In the mouse model, DRDE-07, DRDE-10, DRDE-21, DRDE-30 and DRDE-35 gave about 20 fold protection, and DRDE-23 and DRDE-38 gave less protection of 4.8 and 9.0 fold respectively, against percutaneously administered SM. In the rat model, DRDE-07, DRDE-09, DRDE-10 and DRDE-21 gave about two fold protection. Percutaneously administered SM (19.33 mg kg(-1)) significantly depleted the hepatic GSH content in mice. Pretreatment with DRDE-21 significantly elevated the levels. A 4.4 fold increase in % DNA fragmentation was observed 7 days after SM administration (19.33 mg kg(-1)) in mice. Pretreatment with DRDE-07, DRDE-09, DRDE-10, DRDE-21, DRDE-30 and DRDE-35 significantly protected the mice from SM induced DNA damage. The histopathological lesions in liver and spleen induced by percutaneously administered SM was reduced by pretreatment with DRDE-07, DRDE-09, DRDE-10 and DRDE-21. These analogues may prove as prototypes for the designing of more effective prophylactic drug for SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kulkarni
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474 002, India
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