1
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Abdou MM, Ötvös F, Dong D, Matziari M. Novel glycosyl prodrug of RXP03 as MMP-11 prodrug: design, synthesis and virtual screening. BMC Chem 2023; 17:167. [PMID: 38007463 PMCID: PMC10675898 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Like most phosphinic acids, the potent and selective RXP03 inhibitor of different MMPs exhibited moderate absorption and low bioavailability, which impaired its use. In an unprecedented attempt, we present an interesting synthetic approach to a new class of phosphinate prodrug, glycosyl ester of RXP03, to provide a potentially improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) behavior compared to the former lead compound RXP03. To validate this speculation, a predictive study for permeability enhancer of glycosyl ester of RXP03 showed encouraging insights to improve drug delivery across biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, P.O. 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ferenc Ötvös
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dewen Dong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hoffer L, Garcia M, Leblanc R, Feracci M, Betzi S, Ben Yaala K, Daulat AM, Zimmermann P, Roche P, Barral K, Morelli X. Discovery of a PDZ Domain Inhibitor Targeting the Syndecan/Syntenin Protein-Protein Interaction: A Semi-Automated "Hit Identification-to-Optimization" Approach. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4633-4658. [PMID: 36939673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid identification of early hits by fragment-based approaches and subsequent hit-to-lead optimization represents a challenge for drug discovery. To address this challenge, we created a strategy called "DOTS" that combines molecular dynamic simulations, computer-based library design (chemoDOTS) with encoded medicinal chemistry reactions, constrained docking, and automated compound evaluation. To validate its utility, we applied our DOTS strategy to the challenging target syntenin, a PDZ domain containing protein and oncology target. Herein, we describe the creation of a "best-in-class" sub-micromolar small molecule inhibitor for the second PDZ domain of syntenin validated in cancer cell assays. Key to the success of our DOTS approach was the integration of protein conformational sampling during hit identification stage and the synthetic feasibility ranking of the designed compounds throughout the optimization process. This approach can be broadly applied to other protein targets with known 3D structures to rapidly identify and optimize compounds as chemical probes and therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Hoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Manon Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Raphael Leblanc
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Mikael Feracci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Stéphane Betzi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Khaoula Ben Yaala
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Avais M Daulat
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Karine Barral
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
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3
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Huang X, Chen Y, Zhong W, Liu Z, Zhang H, Zhang B, Wang H. Novel combretastatin A-4 derivative containing aminophosphonates as dual inhibitors of tubulin and matrix metalloproteinases for lung cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Garcia M, Hoffer L, Leblanc R, Benmansour F, Feracci M, Derviaux C, Egea-Jimenez AL, Roche P, Zimmermann P, Morelli X, Barral K. Fragment-based drug design targeting syntenin PDZ2 domain involved in exosomal release and tumour spread. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113601. [PMID: 34153575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Syntenin stimulates exosome production and its expression is upregulated in many cancers and implicated in the spread of metastatic tumor. These effects are supported by syntenin PDZ domains interacting with syndecans. We therefore aimed to develop, through a fragment-based drug design approach, novel inhibitors targeting syntenin-syndecan interactions. We describe here the optimization of a fragment, 'hit' C58, identified by in vitro screening of a PDZ-focused fragment library, which binds specifically to the syntenin-PDZ2 domain at the same binding site as the syndecan-2 peptide. X-ray crystallographic structures and computational docking were used to guide our optimization process and lead to compounds 45 and 57 (IC50 = 33 μM and 47 μM; respectively), two representatives of syntenin-syndecan interactions inhibitors, that selectively affect the syntenin-exosome release. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to identify small molecules inhibiting syntenin-syndecan interaction and exosome release that may be useful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Hoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Leblanc
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm1068, CNRS7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Fatiha Benmansour
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Mikael Feracci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Derviaux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm1068, CNRS7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm1068, CNRS7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; Department of Human Genetics, K. U. Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Barral
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm 1068, CNRS 7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France.
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5
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Phosphinic Dehydrodipeptides: Diversification of the P1′ Residue with the Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates and Inhibition of Alanyl Aminopeptidases. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Abdou MM. Synopsis of recent synthetic methods and biological applications of phosphinic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Laronha H, Carpinteiro I, Portugal J, Azul A, Polido M, Petrova KT, Salema-Oom M, Caldeira J. Challenges in Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibition. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050717. [PMID: 32380782 PMCID: PMC7277161 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix. They have different substrates but similar structural organization. Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and there is a need to develop inhibitors for these enzymes in order to modulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). There exist two classes of inhibitors: endogenous and synthetics. The development of synthetic inhibitors remains a great challenge due to the low selectivity and specificity, side effects in clinical trials, and instability. An extensive review of currently reported synthetic inhibitors and description of their properties is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Laronha
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (H.L.); (I.C.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.S.-O.)
- UCIBIO and LAQV, Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Inês Carpinteiro
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (H.L.); (I.C.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Jaime Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Azul
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (H.L.); (I.C.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Mário Polido
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (H.L.); (I.C.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Krasimira T. Petrova
- UCIBIO and LAQV, Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (H.L.); (I.C.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.S.-O.)
- UCIBIO and LAQV, Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Caldeira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (H.L.); (I.C.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.S.-O.)
- UCIBIO and LAQV, Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-919553592
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8
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Mendoza-Wilson AM, Balandrán-Quintana RR. Computational and Experimental Progress on the Structure and Chemical Reactivity of Procyanidins: Their Potential as Metalloproteinases Inhibitors. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666180828114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in various physiological
processes essential for living beings, but the loss of the regulatory control by endogenous
inhibitors of MMPs, leads to the development of serious diseases such as cardiovascular
system affections, cancer, and metastasis. For these reasons, exogenous inhibitors
are required for these enzymes, which are able to control the proteolytic activity
and are selective towards the different MMPs, besides properties which, from the
pharmacological point of view, are necessary to be effective under physiological
conditions. Based on these expectations, some bioactive compounds that are abundant in
the human diet, like procyanidins (PCs) have emerged as potential exogenous inhibitors
of MMPs. This review presents the advances of experimental and computational investigations
carried out to date on the structure and chemical reactivity of PCs, to support the basis of their potential
use as MMP inhibitors. For such purpose, specific sites among MMPs identified for a selective inhibition, the
role of PCs in the regulation of MMPs by posttranscriptional mechanisms at the level of microRNAs, modulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), effects on tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), the crosslinking of PCs
with the extracellular matrix proteins, as well as direct interaction between PCs and MMPs, are discussed.
Methods for isolation and synthesis of PCs, as well as hydrophilicity properties, bioavailability, and susceptibility
to be metabolized in oral intake, are also addressed. The information gathered in this review could additionally
help to visualize future research related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Mendoza-Wilson
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Coordinacion de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
| | - René Renato Balandrán-Quintana
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Coordinacion de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
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9
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The Role of MMP8 in Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184506. [PMID: 31514474 PMCID: PMC6770849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have traditionally been considered as tumor promoting enzymes as they degrade extracellular matrix components, thus increasing the invasion of cancer cells. It has become evident, however, that MMPs can also cleave and alter the function of various non-matrix bioactive molecules, leading to both tumor promoting and suppressive effects. We applied systematic review guidelines to study MMP8 in cancer including the use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor or as a target/anti-target in cancer treatment, and its molecular mechanisms. A total of 171 articles met the inclusion criteria. The collective evidence reveals that in breast, skin and oral tongue cancer, MMP8 inhibits cancer cell invasion and proliferation, and protects patients from metastasis via cleavage of non-structural substrates. Conversely, in liver and gastric cancers, high levels of MMP8 worsen the prognosis. Expression and genetic alterations of MMP8 can be used as a prognostic factor by examination of the tumor and serum/plasma. We conclude, that MMP8 has differing effects on cancers depending on their tissue of origin. The use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor alone, or with other factors, seems to have potential. The molecular mechanisms of MMP8 in cancer further emphasize its role as an important regulator of bioactive molecules.
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10
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Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Luchinat C. Mechanism and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2609-2633. [PMID: 29589527 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180326163523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases hydrolyze proteins and glycoproteins forming the extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors released in the extracellular space, and membrane-bound receptors on the outer cell membrane. The pathological relevance of MMPs has prompted the structural and functional characterization of these enzymes and the development of synthetic inhibitors as possible drug candidates. Recent studies have provided a better understanding of the substrate preference of the different members of the family, and structural data on the mechanism by which these enzymes hydrolyze the substrates. Here, we report the recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanism of collagenolysis and elastolysis, and we discuss the perspectives of new therapeutic strategies for targeting MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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11
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Abdou MM, El-Saeed RA. Potential chemical transformation of phosphinic acid derivatives and their applications in the synthesis of drugs. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103039. [PMID: 31220667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical transformation of phosphinic acid is a well-considered mature area of research on account of the historical significant reactions such as Kabachnik-Fields, Mannich, Arbuzov, Michaelis-Becker, etc. Considerable advances have been made over last years especially in metal-catalyzed, free-radical processes and asymmetric synthesis using catalytic enantioselective. As a result, the aim of this synopsis is to make the reader familiar with advances in the approaches of phosphinic acids toward the synthesis of highly functionalized and valuable buildings blocks. Another purpose of this survey is to provide the current status of the applications of phosphinic acids in the synthesis of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, P.O. 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Rasha A El-Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, ET-35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Fischer T, Senn N, Riedl R. Design and Structural Evolution of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors. Chemistry 2019; 25:7960-7980. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischer
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, and BiotechnologyZurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Nicole Senn
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, and BiotechnologyZurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, and BiotechnologyZurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
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13
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Voreakos K, Devel L, Georgiadis D. Late-Stage Diversification of Phosphinic Dehydroalanine Pseudopeptides Based on a Giese-Type Radical C-Alkylation Strategy. Org Lett 2019; 21:4397-4401. [PMID: 30933530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward, late-stage diversification strategy for the installation of side chains on readily accessible unsaturated phosphinopeptidic scaffolds based on a Giese-type addition of alkyl radicals has been investigated. Among different alternatives, the preferred methodology is operationally simple as it can be carried out in an open flask with no need for protection of acidic moieties. Direct application to the synthesis of SPPS-compatible building blocks or to longer peptides is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Voreakos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou , 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou , 15771 Athens , Greece
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14
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Talma M, Maślanka M, Mucha A. Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of phosphinic peptide analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1031-1042. [PMID: 30846252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pseudopeptides that fit well with the active site architecture allow the most effective binding to enzymes, similar to native substrates in high-energy transition states. Phosphinic acid peptide analogs that comprise the tetrahedral phosphorus moiety introduced to replace an internal amide bond exert such an isosteric or isoelectronic resemblance, combined with providing other advantageous features, for example, metal complexing properties. Accordingly, they are capable of inhibiting metal-dependent enzymes involved in biological functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. These enzymes are associated with notorious human diseases, such as cancer, e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, or are etiological factors of protozoal and bacterial infections, e.g., metalloaminopeptidases. The affinity and selectivity of these compounds can be conveniently adjusted, either by structural modification of dedicated side chains or by backbone elongation to enhance specific interactions with the corresponding binding pockets. Recent approaches to the synthesis of these compounds are illustrated by examples of the preparation of rationally designed structures of inhibitors of particular enzymes. Activity against appealing enzymatic targets is presented, along with the molecular mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications. Innovative aspects of phosphinic peptide application, e.g., as activity-based probes, and ligands of complexes of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Talma
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Maślanka
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Mucha
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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Ding TT, Qin CC, Gao DD, Li XJ, Yan H, Liu RM, Zhao CQ, Nie SZ. Stereoselective formation of P-N bonds via coupling of H-P species with amines and the addition of Grignard reagents to chiral N-phosphinoylimines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1513511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Dan-Di Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ren-Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Qiu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Development of a Non-Hydroxamate Dual Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-7/-13 Inhibitor. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091548. [PMID: 32961647 PMCID: PMC6151531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) is a member of the MMP superfamily and is able to degrade extracellular matrix proteins such as casein, gelatin, fibronectin and proteoglycan. MMP-7 is a validated target for the development of small molecule drugs against cancer. MMP-13 is within the enzyme class the most efficient contributor to type II collagen degeneration and is a validated target in arthritis and cancer. We have developed the dual MMP-7/-13 inhibitor ZHAWOC6941 with IC50-values of 2.2 μM (MMP-7) and 1.2 μM (MMP-13) that is selective over a broad range of MMP isoforms. It spares MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -12 and -14, making it a valuable modulator for targeted polypharmacology approaches.
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17
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Yokomatsu T. Development of Biologically Active Compounds on the Basis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Functionalities. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:1051-1086. [PMID: 28867694 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonic and phosphinic acids, especially α-heteroatom-substituted ones, possess unique structural and physical features which enable them to act as hydrotically stable analogs to biological phosphates in biological processes. They also act as mimetics in the transition state of the protease-induced hydrolysis of dipeptides. The first half of this review focuses on selected new synthetic methods developed by our research group for the stereoselective synthesis of α-heteroatom-substituted phosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives, including modified nucleotide analogs and phosphinyl dipeptide isosteres. In the latter half, this review summarizes the utility of difluoromethylenephosphonic acids and phosphonic acid esters in the development of enzyme inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatases, sphingomyelinases, purine nucleoside phosphorylases and thrombin. The enzyme inhibitors developed were used as probes to elucidate signal transductions and the mechanisms of enzyme actions. The findings of the studies are briefly described.
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Huang X, Huang R, Gou S, Wang Z, Wang H. Anticancer Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Containing Monoaminophosphonate Ester as a Targeting Group Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases and Reverse Multidrug Resistance. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1305-1323. [PMID: 28276682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of platinum(IV) complexes comprising a monoaminophosphonate ester moiety, which can not only act as a bone-targeting group but also inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were designed and synthesized. Biological assay of these compounds showed that they had potent antitumor activities against the tested cancer cell lines compared with cisplatin and oxaliplatin and indicated low cytotoxicity to human normal liver cells. Particularly, the platinum(IV) complexes were very sensitive to cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines. The corresponding structure-activity relationships were studied and discussed. Related mechanism study revealed that the typical complex 11 caused cell cycle arrest at S phase and induced apoptosis in Bel-7404 cells via a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. Moreover, complex 11 had potent ability to inhibit the tumor growth in the NCI-H460 xenograft model comparable to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hengshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, China
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19
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Viveros-Ceballos JL, Ordóñez M, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C. Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Amino-C-phosphinic Acids and Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091141. [PMID: 27589703 PMCID: PMC6274224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives are an important group of compounds of synthetic and medicinal interest and particular attention has been dedicated to their stereoselective synthesis in recent years. Among these, phosphinic pseudopeptides have acquired pharmacological importance in influencing physiologic and pathologic processes, primarily acting as inhibitors for proteolytic enzymes where molecular stereochemistry has proven to be critical. This review summarizes the latest developments in the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic and phosphacyclic α-amino-C-phosphinic acids and derivatives, following in the first case an order according to the strategy used, whereas for cyclic compounds the nitrogen embedding in the heterocyclic core is considered. In addition selected examples of pharmacological implications of title compounds are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Viveros-Ceballos
- Secretaría Académica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Sayago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, ISQCH, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, ISQCH, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Kostov O, Páv O, Buděšínský M, Liboska R, Šimák O, Petrová M, Novák P, Rosenberg I. 4-Toluenesulfonyloxymethyl-(H)-phosphinate: A Reagent for the Introduction of O- and S-Methyl-(H)-phosphinate Moieties. Org Lett 2016; 18:2704-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kostov
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Páv
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Liboska
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šimák
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Petrová
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Novák
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rosenberg
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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21
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Demkowicz S, Rachon J, Daśko M, Kozak W. Selected organophosphorus compounds with biological activity. Applications in medicine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the latest applications of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) that exhibit biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Witold Kozak
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
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22
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Kalyva M, Zografos AL, Kapourani E, Giambazolias E, Devel L, Papakyriakou A, Dive V, Lazarou YG, Georgiadis D. Probing the Mechanism of Allylic Substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates (MBHAs) by using the Silyl Phosphonite Paradigm: Scope and Applications of a Versatile Transformation. Chemistry 2015; 21:3278-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalyva
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Alexandros L. Zografos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki (Greece)
| | - Era Kapourani
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Evaggelos Giambazolias
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA‐Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Labex LERMIT, CEA‐DSV‐iBiTecS, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National Center for Scientific Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR 15310 (Greece)
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA‐Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Labex LERMIT, CEA‐DSV‐iBiTecS, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)
| | - Yannis G. Lazarou
- National Center for Scientific Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR 15310 (Greece)
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
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Vassiliou S, Węglarz-Tomczak E, Berlicki Ł, Pawełczak M, Nocek B, Mulligan R, Joachimiak A, Mucha A. Structure-guided, single-point modifications in the phosphinic dipeptide structure yield highly potent and selective inhibitors of neutral aminopeptidases. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8140-51. [PMID: 25192493 PMCID: PMC4331105 DOI: 10.1021/jm501071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven crystal structures of alanyl aminopeptidase from Neisseria meningitides (the etiological agent of meningitis, NmAPN) complexed with organophosphorus compounds were resolved to determine the optimal inhibitor-enzyme interactions. The enantiomeric phosphonic acid analogs of Leu and hPhe, which correspond to the P1 amino acid residues of well-processed substrates, were used to assess the impact of the absolute configuration and the stereospecific hydrogen bond network formed between the aminophosphonate polar head and the active site residues on the binding affinity. For the hPhe analog, an imperfect stereochemical complementarity could be overcome by incorporating an appropriate P1 side chain. The constitution of P1'-extended structures was rationally designed and the lead, phosphinic dipeptide hPhePψ[CH2]Phe, was modified in a single position. Introducing a heteroatom/heteroatom-based fragment to either the P1 or P1' residue required new synthetic pathways. The compounds in the refined structure were low nanomolar and subnanomolar inhibitors of N. meningitides, porcine and human APNs, and the reference leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). The unnatural phosphinic dipeptide analogs exhibited a high affinity for monozinc APNs associated with a reasonable selectivity versus dizinc LAP. Another set of crystal structures containing the NmAPN dipeptide ligand were used to verify and to confirm the predicted binding modes; furthermore, novel contacts, which were promising for inhibitor development, were identified, including a π-π stacking interaction between a pyridine ring and Tyr372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Vassiliou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15701 Athens, Greece
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Synthesis and modifications of phosphinic dipeptide analogues. Molecules 2012; 17:13530-68. [PMID: 23154272 PMCID: PMC6268094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopeptides containing the phosphinate moiety (-P(O)(OH)CH2-) have been studied extensively, mainly as transition state analogue inhibitors of metalloproteases. The key synthetic aspect of their chemistry is construction of phosphinic dipeptide derivatives bearing appropriate side-chain substituents. Typically, this synthesis involves a multistep preparation of two individual building blocks, which are combined in the final step. As this methodology does not allow simple variation of the side-chain structure, many efforts have been dedicated to the development of alternative approaches. Recent achievements in this field are summarized in this review. Improved methods for the formation of the phosphinic peptide backbone, including stereoselective and multicomponent reactions, are presented. Parallel modifications leading to the structurally diversified substituents are also described. Finally, selected examples of the biomedical applications of the title compounds are given.
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26
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Gupta SP, Patil VM. Specificity of binding with matrix metalloproteinases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:35-56. [PMID: 22642189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate a wide range of biological functions; hence, they have invited great attention for the studies on their structures and functions, and since their overactivation leads to several diseases, the design and discovery of their potent inhibitors have become the need of the day. Since there have been so far discovered 28 different types of human MMPs, the specificity of binding of inhibitors with each different MMP needs special attention. The chapter presents the X-ray crystallographic and NMR studies on three-dimensional structures of a number of MMPs to reveal their catalytic site, subsites, specificity of binding with substrate and inhibitors, and catalytic mechanism. In addition to catalytic site, MMPs possess some subsites designated by unprimed and primed S, e.g., S1, S2, S3 and S1', S2', S3'. Among these, the S1' pocket varies the most among the different MMPs varying in both the amino acid makeup and depth of the pocket (shallow, intermediate, and deep pocket MMPs). This, along with the flexibility in the structures of MMPs, could be of great help in the design and the development of selective MMP inhibitors (MMPIs). The determination of affinity of inhibitors and the cleavage position of peptide substrates is mainly based on P1'-S1' interaction (P1', the group in inhibitor or substrate binding to S1' pocket of the enzyme), and it is the main determinant for the affinity of inhibitors and the cleavage position of peptide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as investigative tools in the pathogenesis and management of vascular disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:209-79. [PMID: 22642194 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs could also regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates and consequently affect different cellular functions. Members of the MMPs family include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others. Pro-MMPs are cleaved into active MMPs, which in turn act on various substrates in the ECM and on the cell surface. MMPs play an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. MMPs may also be involved in vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and varicose veins. MMPs also play a role in the hemodynamic and vascular changes associated with pregnancy and preeclampsia. The role of MMPs is commonly assessed by measuring their gene expression, protein amount, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. Because there are no specific activators of MMPs, MMP inhibitors are often used to investigate the role of MMPs in different physiologic processes and in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. MMP inhibitors include endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and pharmacological inhibitors such as zinc chelators, doxycycline, and marimastat. MMP inhibitors have been evaluated as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although several MMP inhibitors have been synthesized and tested both experimentally and clinically, only one MMP inhibitor, i.e., doxycycline, is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This is mainly due to the undesirable side effects of MMP inhibitors especially on the musculoskeletal system. While most experimental and clinical trials of MMP inhibitors have not demonstrated significant benefits, some trials still showed promising results. With the advent of new genetic and pharmacological tools, disease-specific MMP inhibitors with fewer undesirable effects are being developed and could be useful in the management of vascular disease.
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Luo LB, Wang DY, Zhou XM, Zheng Z, Hu XP. Asymmetric synthesis of 2-alkyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid derivatives via Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mucha A, Kafarski P, Berlicki Ł. Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5955-80. [PMID: 21780776 DOI: 10.1021/jm200587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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A three-component Mannich-type condensation leading to phosphinic dipeptides—extended transition state analogue inhibitors of aminopeptidases. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang H, Chang M, Hansen CN, Basso DM, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Role of matrix metalloproteinases and therapeutic benefits of their inhibition in spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 2011; 8:206-20. [PMID: 21455784 PMCID: PMC3077748 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will focus on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI). MMPs have a specific cellular and temporal pattern of expression in the injured spinal cord. Here we consider their diverse functions in the acutely injured cord and during wound healing. Excessive activity of MMPs, and in particular gelatinase B (MMP-9), in the acutely injured cord contributes to disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, and the influx of leukocytes into the injured cord, as well as apoptosis. MMP-9 and MMP-2 regulate inflammation and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury and may contribute to SCI-induced pain. Early pharmacologic inhibition of MMPs or the gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) results in an improvement in long-term neurological recovery and is associated with reduced glial scarring and neuropathic pain. During wound healing, gelatinase A (MMP-2) plays a critical role in limiting the formation of an inhibitory glial scar, and mice that are genetically deficient in this protease showed impaired recovery. Together, these findings illustrate complex, temporally distinct roles of MMPs in SCIs. As early gelatinase activity is detrimental, there is an emerging interest in developing gelatinase-targeted therapeutics that would be specifically tailored to the acute injured spinal cord. Thus, we focus this review on the development of selective gelatinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0110, USA.
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Fougère C, Guénin E, Retailleau P, Barbey C. Benzyl(methyl)phosphinic acid. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1786. [PMID: 21587997 PMCID: PMC3006977 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810024116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C8H11O2P, is a phosphinic compound with a tetracoordinate pentavalent P atom. The phosphinic function plays a predominant role in the cohesion of the crystal structure, both by forming chains along the b axis via strong intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and by cross-linking these chains perpendicularly via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).
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Abstract
The recognition that the successful clinical use of MMP inhibitors will require quantitative correlation of MMP activity with disease type, and to disease progression, has stimulated intensive effort toward the development of sensitive assay methods, improved analytical methods for the determination of the structural profile for MMP-sub-type inhibition, and the development of new methods for the determination - in both quantitative and qualitative terms - of MMP activity. This chapter reviews recent progress toward these objectives, with particular emphasis on the quantitative and qualitative profiling of MMP activity in cells and tissues. Quantitative determination of MMP activity is made from the concentration of the MMP from the tissue, using immobilization of a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor on a chromatography resin. Active MMP, to the exclusion of MMP zymogens and endogenous TIMP-inhibited MMPs, is retained on the column. Characterization of the MMP sub-type(s) follows from appropriate analysis of the active MMP eluted from the resin. Qualitative determination of MMP involvement in disease can be made using an MMP sub-type-selective inhibitor. The proof of principle, with respect to this qualitative determination of the disease involvement of the gelatinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 sub-types, is provided by the class of thiirane-based MMP mechanism-based inhibitors (SB-3CT as the prototype). Positive outcomes in animal models of disease having MMP-2 and/or -9 dependency follow administration of this MMP inhibitor, whereas this inhibitor is inactive in disease models where other MMPs (such as MMP-14) are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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To bind zinc or not to bind zinc: an examination of innovative approaches to improved metalloproteinase inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1803:72-94. [PMID: 19712708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This short review highlights some recent advances in matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) design and development. Three distinct approaches to improved MMP inhibition are discussed: (1) the identification and investigation of novel zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), (2) the study of non-zinc-binding MMPi, and (3) mechanism-based MMPi that form covalent adducts with the protein. Each of these strategies is discussed and their respective advantages and remaining challenges are highlighted. The studies discussed here bode well for the development of ever more selective, potent, and well-tolerated MMPi for treating several important disease pathologies.
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Wang DY, Hu XP, Hou CJ, Deng J, Yu SB, Duan ZC, Huang JD, Zheng Z. Enantioselective Rh-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 3-Aryl-2-phosphonomethylpropenoates by a New Class of Chiral Ferrocenyl Diphosphine Ligands. Org Lett 2009; 11:3226-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9012469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yong Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chuan-Jin Hou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Sai-Bo Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Duan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jia-Di Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Yan YL, Miller MT, Cao Y, Cohen SM. Synthesis of hydroxypyrone- and hydroxythiopyrone-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: developing a structure-activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1970-6. [PMID: 19261472 PMCID: PMC2833267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The zinc(II)-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with a variety of diseases. Development of inhibitors to modulate MMP activity has been an active area of investigation for therapeutic development. Hydroxypyrones and hydroxythiopyrones are alternative zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) that, when combined with peptidomimetic backbones, comprise a novel class of MMP inhibitors (MMPi). In this report, a series of hydroxypyrone- and hydroxythiopyrone-based MMPi with aryl backbones at the 2-, 5-, and 6-positions of the hydroxypyrone ring have been synthesized. Synthetic routes for developing inhibitors with substituents at two of these positions (so-called double-handed inhibitors) are also explored. The MMP inhibition profiles and structure-activity relationship of synthesized hydroxypyrones and hydroxythiopyrones have been analyzed. The results here show that the ZBG, the position of the backbone on the ZBG, and the nature of the linker between the ZBG and backbone are critical for MMPi activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, United States
| | - Melissa T. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yuchen Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, United States
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, United States
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Biological Activity of Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Short Peptides. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2008_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Specific targeting of metzincin family members with small-molecule inhibitors: Progress toward a multifarious challenge. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8781-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ye Y, Liu M, Kao JLF, Marshall GR. Design, synthesis, and metal binding of novelPseudo- oligopeptides containing two phosphinic acid groups. Biopolymers 2008; 89:72-85. [PMID: 17910046 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinic compounds have potential as amide-bond mimetics in the development of novel peptidomimetics, enzyme inhibitors, and metal-binding ligands. Novel pseudo-oligopeptides with two phosphinic acid groups embedded in the peptide backbone serving as amide-bond surrogates, Psi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)], were targeted. A series of linear and cyclic pseudo-oligopeptides with two phosphinic acid groups arrayed at different positions in the peptide sequence were designed, including Ac--Phe--{(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly}(2)--NH(2) (P2), Ac--NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--NH(2) (P3), Ac--NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe--Phe--(R,S) --AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--NH(2) (P4), cyclo{NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe}(2) (P5), and cyclo[NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe--Phe](2) (P6). They were synthesized via conventional Fmoc chemistry on solid support utilizing Fmoc-protected phosphinic acid-containing pseudo-dipeptide fragment, i.e. Fmoc--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OCH(3))--CH(2)]Gly--OH. The pseudo-peptides containing two phosphinic acid groups exhibited the highest binding affinity and selectivity for Fe(III) among the 10-metal ions screened by ESI-MS analysis--Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Al(III), Ga(III), and Gd(III). P4 and P6 with 11-atom linkages between the two phosphinic acids preferred intramolecular metal binding to form 1:1 ligand/metal complexes. As revealed by competition experiments, P4 showed the highest relative binding affinity among the six compounds tested. Noteworthy, P4 also showed higher relative binding affinity than similar dihydroxamate-containing pseudo-peptides reported previously. The novel structural prototype and facile synthesis along with selective and potent Fe(III) binding strongly suggest that pseudo-peptides containing the two or more phosphinic groups as amide-bond surrogates deserve further exploration in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Matziari M, Dive V, Yiotakis A. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11; stromelysin-3) and synthetic inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:528-52. [PMID: 16710861 DOI: 10.1002/med.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-11, or Stromelysin 3, is a particular member of MMP family, a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in matrix degradation and tissue remodeling. Despite intense efforts since its first characterization 15 years ago, its role and target substrates in different diseases remain largely unknown. While mice with MMP-11 deficiency display no particular phenotype, analysis of different tumorigenesis models with these mice lead to the conclusion that MMP-11 promotes tumor development. In contrast with other MMPs, MMP-11 is unable to degrade any major extracellular matrix component and unlike most of other MMPs that are secreted as inactive proenzymes and activated extracellularly, MMP-11 is secreted under active form. MMP-11 may thus play a unique role in tissue remodeling processes, including those associated with tumor progression. Although MMP-11 and other MMPs have been considered as promising targets to combat cancer, a first series of clinical trials using broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors have not led to significant therapeutic benefits. These disappointing results highlight the need for better understanding of the exact role played by each MMP during the different stages of tumor progression. Among the different strategies to fill this gap, highly specific MMP inhibitors would be of great value. This review provides an update on the selectivity profile of phosphinic MMP-11 synthetic inhibitors developed and discusses the opportunities and limitations to identify inhibitors able to fully discriminate MMP-11 from the other MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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Tochowicz A, Maskos K, Huber R, Oltenfreiter R, Dive V, Yiotakis A, Zanda M, Pourmotabbed T, Bode W, Goettig P. Crystal Structures of MMP-9 Complexes with Five Inhibitors: Contribution of the Flexible Arg424 Side-chain to Selectivity. J Mol Biol 2007; 371:989-1006. [PMID: 17599356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), also called gelatinase B, is particularly involved in inflammatory processes, bone remodelling and wound healing, but is also implicated in pathological processes such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, tumour growth, and metastasis. We have prepared the inactive E402Q mutant of the truncated catalytic domain of human MMP-9 and co-crystallized it with active site-directed synthetic inhibitors of different binding types. Here, we present the X-ray structures of five MMP-9 complexes with gelatinase-specific, tight binding inhibitors: a phosphinic acid (AM-409), a pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (RO-206-0222), two carboxylate (An-1 and MJ-24), and a trifluoromethyl hydroxamic acid inhibitor (MS-560). These compounds bind by making a compromise between optimal coordination of the catalytic zinc, favourable hydrogen bond formation in the active-site cleft, and accommodation of their large hydrophobic P1' groups in the slightly flexible S1' cavity, which exhibits distinct rotational conformations of the Pro421 carbonyl group in each complex. In all these structures, the side-chain of Arg424 located at the bottom of the S1' cavity is not defined in the electron density beyond C(gamma), indicating its mobility. However, we suggest that the mobile Arg424 side-chain partially blocks the S1' cavity, which might explain the weaker binding of most inhibitors with a long P1' side-chain for MMP-9 compared with the closely related MMP-2 (gelatinase A), which exhibits a short threonine side-chain at the equivalent position. These novel structural details should facilitate the design of more selective MMP-9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tochowicz
- Arbeitsgruppe Proteinaseforschung, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Matziari M, Nasopoulou M, Yiotakis A. Active methylene phosphinic peptides: a new diversification approach. Org Lett 2007; 8:2317-9. [PMID: 16706515 DOI: 10.1021/ol060575m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Simple, rapid, and efficient methods for P(1)' diversification of phosphinic peptides have been developed, employing alkylation and Knoevenagel-type condensation reactions with active methylene phosphinic scaffolds, thus leading to a wide variety of diversified phosphinic and dehydrophosphinic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Nasopoulou M, Matziari M, Dive V, Yiotakis A. Chemoselective Protection of Solid-Phase Compatible Fmoc-Phosphinic Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9525-7. [PMID: 17137389 DOI: 10.1021/jo061535z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient four-step synthetic strategy able to fully discriminate hydroxyphosphinyl and carboxylic groups of Fmoc-phosphinic building blocks and related analogues has been developed. The proposed method applies selective acidic removal of the phenacyl (Pac) group from the hydroxyphosphinyl functionality and protection by the 1-adamantyl (Ad) group. Reductive removal of the Pac group from the carboxylic functionality leads to Fmoc-protected phosphinic pseudodipeptidic units suitable for phosphinic peptide and library development using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Nasopoulou
- University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
The search for an MMP inhibitor with anticancer efficacy is a nearly three-decade endeavor. This inhibitor is yet to be found. The reasons for this failure include shortcomings in the chemistry of these compounds (including broad MMP sub-type selectivity, metabolic lability, and toxicity) as well as the emerging, and arguably extraordinary, complexity of MMP cell (and cancer) biology. Together these suggest that the successful anticancer inhibitor must possess MMP selectivity against the MMP subtype whose involvement is critical, yet highly temporally (with respect to metastatic progression) and mechanistically (with respect to matrix degradation) regulated. This review summarizes the progression of chemical structure and mechanistic thinking toward these objectives, with emphasis on the disappointment, the perseverance, and the resilient optimism that such an inhibitor is there to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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Overall CM, Kleifeld O. Tumour microenvironment - opinion: validating matrix metalloproteinases as drug targets and anti-targets for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6:227-39. [PMID: 16498445 DOI: 10.1038/nrc1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 907] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate homeostasis of the extracellular environment. They have multiple signalling activities that are commonly altered during tumorigenesis and that might serve as intervention points for anticancer drugs. However, there are many criteria to consider in validating MMPs as drug targets and for the development of MMP inhibitors. The inhibition of some MMPs could have pro-tumorigenic effects (making them anti-targets), counterbalancing the benefits of target inhibition. These effects might partially account for the failure of MMP inhibitors in clinical trials. What are the major challenges in MMP target validation and MMP-inhibitor-drug development?
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Overall
- University of British Columbia Centre for Blood Research, CBCRA Program in Breast Cancer Metastasis, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Ishimatsu-Tsuji Y, Moro O, Kishimoto J. Expression profiling and cellular localization of genes associated with the hair cycle induced by wax depilation. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125:410-20. [PMID: 16117780 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hair cycle is a highly regulated process controlled by multiple factors. Systematic analysis of gene expression patterns in each stage of the hair cycle would provide information useful for understanding this complicated process. To identify genes associated with the hair cycle, we used DNA microarray hybridization to analyze sequential gene expression patterns in mouse skin following hair cycle synchronization by wax depilation. Messenger RNA levels in mouse skin at various times after depilation were compared with those prior to depilation (resting phase). According to their expression patterns, upregulated genes were categorized into four groups: early anagen, middle anagen, late anagen/early catagen, and middle/late catagen, and processes that take place in each stage were evaluated. We identified 12 new components that are specifically expressed in the hair follicle, 11 genes in anagen including carbonic anhydrase 6, cytokeratin 12, and matrix metalloproteinase-11 in catagen that were confirmed using in situ hybridization. The strategy used here allowed us to identify unknown genes or process previously not suspected to have a role in hair biology. These analyses will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of hair cycle regulation and should lead to the identification of novel molecular targets for hair growth and/or depilation agents.
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Abstract
A three-component condensation reaction of Fmoc-carbamate, aldehydes, and alkylphosphinic acids provides a new, direct, and efficient method for synthesizing Fmoc-protected phosphinic pseudodipeptidic blocks, directly usable for solid-phase peptide synthesis. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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50
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Bianchini G, Aschi M, Cavicchio G, Crucianelli M, Preziuso S, Gallina C, Nastari A, Gavuzzo E, Mazza F. Design, modelling, synthesis and biological evaluation of peptidomimetic phosphinates as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-8. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4740-9. [PMID: 15935680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Three novel peptidomimetic phosphinate inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-8. Their IC50 values are in the micromolar range, and one of them showed to be the most effective inhibitor of MMP-2. The differences in binding affinities for MMP-2 and MMP-8 of the three phosphinates have been rationalized by means of modelling studies and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, via Vetoio, I-67010-Coppito, AQ, Italy
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