1
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Novel Anti-Acanthamoebic Activities of Irosustat and STX140 and Their Nanoformulations. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030561. [PMID: 36978428 PMCID: PMC10044433 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Acanthamoeba produce keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Treatment remains problematic and often ineffective, suggesting the need for the discovery of novel compounds. For the first time, here we evaluated the effects of the anticancer drugs Irosustat and STX140 alone, as well as their nanoformulations, against A. castellanii via amoebicidal, excystment, cytopathogenicity, and cytotoxicity assays. Nanoformulations of the compounds were successfully synthesized with high encapsulation efficiency of 94% and 82% for Irosustat and STX140, respectively. Nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape and had a unimodal narrow particle size distribution, mean of 145 and 244 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.3, and surface charge of −14 and −15 mV, respectively. Irosustat and STX140 exhibited a biphasic release profile with almost 100% drug released after 48 h. Notably, Irosustat significantly inhibited A. castellanii viability and amoebae-mediated cytopathogenicity and inhibited the phenotypic transformation of amoebae cysts into the trophozoite form, however their nanoformulations depicted limited effects against amoebae but exhibited minimal cytotoxicity when tested against human cells using lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Accordingly, both compounds have potential for further studies, with the hope of discovering novel anti-Acanthamoeba compounds, and potentially developing targeted therapy against infections of the central nervous system.
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2
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Downey KT, Mo JY, Lai J, Thomson BJ, Sammis GM. Sulfur(iv) reagents for the SuFEx-based synthesis of substituted sulfamate esters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1775-1780. [PMID: 36819869 PMCID: PMC9930924 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange chemistry has been reported to be effective at synthesizing valuable sulfur(vi) functionalities through sequential nucleophilic additions, yet oxygen-based nucleophiles are limited in this approach to phenolic derivatives. Herein, we report a new sulfur(iv) fluoride exchange strategy to access synthetically challenging substituted sulfamate esters from alkyl alcohols and amines. We also report the development of a non-gaseous, sulfur(iv) fluoride exchange reagent, N-methylimidazolium sulfinyl fluoride hexafluorophosphate (MISF). By leveraging the reactivity of the sulfur(iv) center of this novel reagent, the sequential addition of alcohols and amines to MISF followed by oxidation afforded the desired substituted sulfamates in 40-83% yields after two steps. This new strategy expands the scope of SuFEx chemistry by increasing the accessibility of underdeveloped -S(O)F intermediates for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Downey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada
| | - Jia Yi Mo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Joey Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Brodie J. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada
| | - Glenn M. Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada
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3
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Dohle W, Asiki H, Gruchot W, Foster PA, Sahota HK, Bai R, Christensen KE, Hamel E, Potter BVL. 2-Difluoromethoxy-Substituted Estratriene Sulfamates: Synthesis, Antiproliferative SAR, Antitubulin Activity, and Steroid Sulfatase Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200408. [PMID: 36109340 PMCID: PMC9742152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
2-Difluoromethoxyestratriene derivatives were designed to improve potency and in vivo stability of the drug candidate 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2). Compound evaluation in vitro against the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells, as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation and also steroid sulfatase (STS) both in cell lysates and in whole cells, showed promising activities. In antiproliferative assays 2-difluoromethoxyestradiol was less potent than 2ME2, but its sulfamates were often more potent than their corresponding non-fluorinated analogues. The fluorinated bis-sulfamate is a promising antiproliferative agent in MCF-7 cells (GI50 0.28 μM) vs the known 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bissulfamate (STX140, GI50 0.52 μM), confirming the utility of our approach. Compounds were also evaluated in the NCI 60-cell line panel and the fluorinated bis-sulfamate derivative displayed very good overall activities with a sub-micromolar average GI50 . It was a very potent STS inhibitor in whole JEG-3 cells (IC50 3.7 nM) similar to STX140 (4.2 nM) and additionally interferes with tubulin assembly in vitro and colchicine binding to tubulin. An X-ray study of 2-difluoromethoxy-3-benzyloxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one examined conformational aspects of the fluorinated substituent. The known related derivative 2-difluoromethyl-3-sulfamoyloxyestrone was evaluated for STS inhibition in whole JEG-3 cells and showed an excellent IC50 of 55 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Hannah Asiki
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Wojciech Gruchot
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Havreen K Sahota
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Chemical Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
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4
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Molnár B, Gopisetty MK, Nagy FI, Adamecz DI, Kása Z, Kiricsi M, Frank É. Efficient access to domain-integrated estradiol-flavone hybrids via the corresponding chalcones and their in vitro anticancer potential. Steroids 2022; 187:109099. [PMID: 35970223 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of the phenolic A-ring of estrogens at C-2 and/or C-3 significantly reduces or eliminates the hormonal effects of the compounds, thus the incorporation of other pharmacophores into these positions can provide biologically active derivatives suitable for new indications, without possessing unwanted side effects. As part of this work, A-ring integration of estradiol with chalcones and flavones was carried out in the hope of obtaining novel molecular hybrids with anticancer action. The syntheses were performed from 2-acetylestradiol-17β-acetate which was first reacted with various (hetero)aromatic aldehydes in a pyrrolidine-catalyzed reaction in DMSO. The chalcones thus obtained were then subjected to oxidative cyclization with I2 in DMSO to afford estradiol-flavone hybrids in good yields. All newly synthesized derivatives were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity on human malignant cell lines of diverse origins as well as on a non-cancerous cell line, and the results demonstrated that estradiol-flavone hybrids containing a structure-integrated flavone moiety were the most active and cancer cell-selective agents. The minimal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) were calculated for selected compounds (3c, 3d and 3e) and their apoptosis inducing capacity was verified by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The results suggest an important structure-activity relationship regarding estradiol-flavone hybrids that could form a promising synthetic platform and rationale for future drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohana K Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc István Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Izabella Adamecz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kása
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Aradi Vértanúk tere 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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5
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Wang HM, Xiong CD, Chen XQ, Hu C, Wang DY. Preparation of Sulfamates and Sulfamides Using a Selective Sulfamoylation Agent. Org Lett 2021; 23:2595-2599. [PMID: 33749286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sulfamates and sulfamides are prevalent in biological molecules, but their universal synthetic methods are limited. We herein report a sulfamoylation agent with high solubility and shelf stability. Various sulfamates and sulfamides can be synthesized directly from alcohols or amines by employing this agent with high selectivity and high yields. This protocol was also successfully used for late-stage sulfamoylation of pharmaceuticals containing a hydroxyl or amino group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao-Dong Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Qu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dong-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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6
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Löhndorf A, Hosang L, Dohle W, Odoardi F, Waschkowski SA, Rosche A, Bauche A, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Windhorst S, Marry S, Flügel A, Potter BVL, Diercks BP, Guse AH. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its derivatives inhibit store-operated Ca 2+ entry in T cells: Identification of a new and potent inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118988. [PMID: 33581218 PMCID: PMC8062851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation starts with formation of second messengers that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thereby activate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), one of the essential signals for T cell activation. Recently, the steroidal 2-methoxyestradiol was shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We therefore investigated 2-methoxyestradiol for inhibition of Ca2+ entry in T cells, screened a library of 2-methoxyestradiol analogues, and characterized the derivative 2-ethyl-3-sulfamoyloxy-17β-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX564) as a novel, potent and specific SOCE inhibitor. STX564 inhibits Ca2+ entry via SOCE without affecting other ion channels and pumps involved in Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Downstream effects such as cytokine expression and cell proliferation were also inhibited by both 2-methoxyestradiol and STX564, which has potential as a new chemical biology tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Löhndorf
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sissy-Alina Waschkowski
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Rosche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Marry
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Multistep Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of 2-Pyrazolyl-Estradiol Derivatives, Pyrazolocoumarin-Estradiol Hybrids and Analogous Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184039. [PMID: 32899643 PMCID: PMC7571145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hormone independent cytotoxic activity of several estradiol derivatives endowed with a simple substituent at C-2 has been reported so far, 2-heterocyclic and 2,3-condensed analogs are less investigated from both synthetic and pharmacological points of view. Therefore, novel A-ring-connected 2-pyrazoles of estradiol and, for comparison, their structurally simplified non-steroidal pairs were synthesized from estradiol 3-methyl ether and 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. Friedel-Crafts acetylation of the protected phenolic compounds and subsequent O-demethylation led to ortho-substituted derivatives regioselectively, which were converted to arylhydrazones with phenylhydrazine, 4-tolylhydrazine and 4-chloro-phenylhydrazine, respectively, under microwave conditions. The hydrazones were subjected to cyclization with the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent immediately after preparation and the ring closure/formylation sequence resulted in steroidal and non-steroidal 4'-formylpyrazoles in moderate to good yields. During reductive transformations, 4-hydroxymethyl-pyrazoles were obtained, while oxidative lactonization of the 4-formylpyrazole moiety with the phenolic OH in the presence of the Jones reagent afforded A-ring-integrated pyrazolocoumarin hybrids and related analogs. Steroidal pyrazoles, which were produced as C-17 acetates due to acetylation of C-17 OH during the primary Friedel-Crafts reaction, underwent deacetylation in alkaline methanol to furnish 2-heterocyclic estradiol derivatives. Pharmacological studies revealed the overall and cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity of the derivatives and the half maximal inhibitory concentrations were obtained for the most promising compounds.
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8
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Maltais R, Perreault M, Roy J, Poirier D. Minor chemical modifications of the aminosteroid derivative RM-581 lead to major impact on its anticancer activity, metabolic stability and aqueous solubility. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:111990. [PMID: 31893547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aminosteroid (AM) RM-581 is built around a mestranol backbone and has recently emerged as this family's lead candidate, showing in vitro and in vivo potency over different types of cancer, including high fatality pancreatic cancer. To extend the structure-activity relationships (SAR) to other estrane analogs, we synthesized a focused series of RM-581 derivatives at position C3 or C2 of its steroidal core. These new AM derivatives were first tested on a large selection of prostate, breast, pancreatic and ovarian cancer cell lines. The impact of these modifications on metabolic stability (human liver microsomes) was also measured. A SAR study revealed a fine regulation of anticancer activity related to the nature of the substituent. Indeed, the addition of potential prodrug groups like acetate, sulfamate or phosphate (compounds 8, 9 and 10) at C3 of the phenolic counterpart provided better antiproliferative activities than RM-581 in breast and pancreatic cancer cell types while maintaining activity in other cancer cell lines. Also, the phosphate group was highly beneficial on water solubility. However, the bulkier carbamate prodrugs 6 (N,N-dimethyl) and 7 (N,N-diethyl) were less active. Otherwise, carbon homologation (CH2) at C2 (compound 33) was beneficial to metabolic stability and, in the meantime, this AM conserved the same anticancer activity as RM-581. However, the replacement of the hydroxy or methoxy at C3 by a hydrogen or an acetyl (compound 17 or 21b) was detrimental for anticancer activity, pointing to a crucial molecular interaction of the aromatic oxygen atom at this position. Overall, this work provided a better knowledge of the structural requirements to maintain RM-581's anticancer activity, and also identified minor structural modifications to increase both metabolic stability and water solubility, three important parameters of pharmacological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Martin Perreault
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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9
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Dohle W, Prota AE, Menchon G, Hamel E, Steinmetz MO, Potter BVL. Tetrahydroisoquinoline Sulfamates as Potent Microtubule Disruptors: Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antitubulin Activity of Dichlorobenzyl-Based Derivatives, and a Tubulin Cocrystal Structure. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:755-764. [PMID: 30775645 PMCID: PMC6372245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) 6-O-sulfamate-based anticancer agents, inspired by the endogenous steroid 2-methoxyestradiol and its sulfamate derivatives, are further explored for antiproliferative and microtubule disruptor activity. Based on recently designed C3-methyl C7-methoxy-substituted THIQ derivatives, compounds with mono- and dichloro-substitutions on the pendant N-benzyl ring were synthesized and evaluated. Although improved antiproliferative activity was observed, for example, 4a versus 4b and 4b versus 8c, it was relatively modest. Compound 8c, a 2',5'-dichlorobenzyl derivative was, however, identified as a promising antiproliferative agent with in vitro activities exceeding that of the parent steroid (e.g., GI50 90 nM in DU-145 cells) and was highly potent against a range of tumor cell lines (e.g., GI50 26 nM for OVCAR-3). 8c inhibited the polymerization of tubulin in vitro with an IC50 only twofold less potent than combretastatin A-4 and inhibited colchicine binding to tubulin. Tubulin polymerization assays showed the parent THIQ 4a to be only a very weak inhibitor, but a striking potency difference was seen between compounds with C2' methoxy and chloro substituents, whereas this was much smaller when these substituents were positioned at C5'. To confirm the target in atomic detail and because 8c is a racemic mixture, an achiral parent THIQ 6-O-sulfamate derivative 10 was successfully cocrystallized with the αβ-tubulin heterodimer. The derivative 10 binds at the colchicine site on tubulin, the first example of this compound class investigated in such detail, with its sulfamate group interacting with residues beyond the reach of colchicine itself, similar to a recently reported quinazolinone sulfamate derivative, 6a. The structure also suggests that for racemic C3-methyl-substituted THIQ derivatives, such as 8c, the (S)-enantiomer is likely to be preferentially accommodated within the colchicine site for steric reasons. The results further confirm the potential of nonsteroidal THIQ sulfamate derivatives for oncology and suggest that the mechanism of microtubule destabilization for the THIQ compound class is to prevent the curved-to-straight conformational transition of tubulin required for polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Andrea E. Prota
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening
Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National
Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick 21702, Maryland, United States
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
- E-mail: . Phone: +44 1865 271945 (B.V.L.P.)
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10
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Mocilac P, Gallagher JF. Monohalogenated carbamates where hydrogen bonding rules without halogen bonding: is there a link between poor carbamate crystal growth and Z′ > 1? CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monohalogenated carbamates (CxxX) aggregate by N–H⋯N interactions without halogen bonding and crystallise as poor quality crystalline fibres often with Z′ > 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Mocilac
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
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11
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Dohle W, Jourdan FL, Menchon G, Prota AE, Foster PA, Mannion P, Hamel E, Thomas MP, Kasprzyk PG, Ferrandis E, Steinmetz MO, Leese MP, Potter BVL. Quinazolinone-Based Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Antiproliferative SAR, Antitubulin Activity, and Tubulin Co-crystal Structure. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1031-1044. [PMID: 29227648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolinone-based anticancer agents were designed, decorated with functional groups from a 2-methoxyestradiol-based microtubule disruptor series, incorporating the aryl sulfamate motif of steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitors. The steroidal AB-ring system was mimicked, favoring conformations with an N-2 substituent occupying D-ring space. Evaluation against breast and prostate tumor cell lines identified 7b with DU-145 antiproliferative activity (GI50 300 nM). A preliminary structure-activity relationship afforded compounds (e.g., 7j GI50 50 nM) with activity exceeding that of the parent. Both 7b and 7j inhibit tubulin assembly in vitro and colchicine binding, and 7j was successfully co-crystallized with the αβ-tubulin heterodimer as the first of its class, its sulfamate group interacting positively at the colchicine binding site. Microtubule destabilization by 7j is likely achieved by preventing the curved-to-straight conformational transition in αβ-tubulin. Quinazolinone sulfamates surprisingly showed weak STS inhibition. Preliminary in vivo studies in a multiple myeloma xenograft model for 7b showed oral activity, confirming the promise of this template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K
| | - Fabrice L Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham , 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K
| | - Pascoe Mannion
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham , 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Mark P Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Eric Ferrandis
- Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, IPSEN , 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Biozentrum , 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathew P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.,Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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12
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Shi X, Wang Z, Xu F, Lu X, Yao H, Wu D, Sun S, Nie R, Gao S, Li P, Xia L, Zhang Z, Wang C. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative effect of 17β-amide derivatives of 2-methoxyestradiol and their studies on pharmacokinetics. Steroids 2017; 128:6-14. [PMID: 29031938 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 17β-amide-2-methoxyestradiol compounds were synthesized with an aim to enhance the antiproliferative effect of 2-methoxyestradiol. The antiproliferative activity of 2-methoxyestradiol analogs against human cancer cells was investigated. 2-methoxy-3-benzyloxy-17β-chloroacetamide-1,3,5(10)-triene (5e) and 2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-17β-butyramide-1,3,5(10)-triene (6c) had comparable or better antitumor activity than 2-methoxyestradiol. The elimination half-life of 6c (t1/2β=240.93min) is ten times longer than 2-ME and the area under the curve was seven times (AUC0-tmin=2068.20±315.74μgmL-1min) higher than 2-ME, respectively. Whereas 5e had similar pharmacokinetic behavior with 2-ME (t1/2β=22.28min) with a t1/2β of 29.5 min. 6c had higher blood concentration, longer actuation duration and better suppression rate against S180 mouse ascites tumor than 2-methoxyestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, 3 Baiya Road, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, 661 Yellow River 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Shuaijun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Liwen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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13
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Kaise A, Ohta K, Shirata C, Endo Y. Design and synthesis of p-carborane-containing sulfamates as multitarget anti-breast cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6417-6426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site: a perspective of privileged structures. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1765-1794. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vital roles of microtubule in mitosis and cell division make it an attractive target for antitumor therapy. Colchicine binding site of tubulin is one of the most important pockets that have been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents. Over the past few years, a large number of colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have been developed inspired by natural products or synthetic origins, and many moieties frequently used in these CBSIs are structurally in common. In this review, we will classify the CBSIs into classical CBSIs and nonclassical CBSIs according to their spatial conformations and binding modes with tubulin, and highlight the privileged structures from these CBSIs in the development of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site.
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15
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Gansbeke KV, Solum EJ, Liekens S, Vik A, Hansen TV. Regioselective monoalkylation of 17β-estradiol for the synthesis of cytotoxic estrogens. Steroids 2017. [PMID: 28624547 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective synthesis of estrogens and their derivatives continues to be of interest. Most reported syntheses require multistep protocols associated with poor overall yield and lack of regioselectivity. New preparative protocols are still desired. Herein, 11 2-alkylated 17β-estradiol analogs were synthesized in a highly regioselective manner. The products were obtained using a convenient, one pot and high-yielding protocol. The anti-proliferative activity of the compounds was tested in human T-cell leukemia (CEM), human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) and human dermal microvascular endothelial (HMEC-1) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Van Gansbeke
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; On Leave from the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Liekens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anders Vik
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Mishra CB, Mongre RK, Kumari S, Jeong DK, Tiwari M. Novel Triazole-Piperazine Hybrid Molecules Induce Apoptosis via Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway and Exhibit Antitumor Efficacy in Osteosarcoma Xenograft Nude Mice Model. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:753-768. [PMID: 28084722 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria impart a crucial role in the regulation of programmed cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, besides serving as a primary energy source. Mitochondria appeared as an important target for the therapy of cancer due to their significant contribution to cell survival and death. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of triazole-piperazine hybrids as potent anticancer agents. MCS-5 emerged as an excellent anticancer agent which showed better anticancer activity than the standard drug doxorubicin in in vitro and in vivo studies. MCS-5 displayed an IC50 value of 1.92 μM and induced apoptosis in Cal72 (human osteosarcoma cell line) cells by targeting the mitochondrial pathway. This compound arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced ROS production and mitochondrial potential collapse in Cal72 cells. MCS-5 displayed excellent anticancer activity in the Cal72 xenograft nude mice model, where it significantly reduced tumor progression, leading to enhanced life span in treated animals compared to control and doxorubicin treated animals without exerting noticeable toxicity. In addition, a 2DG optical probe guided study clearly evoked that MCS-5 remarkably reduced tumor metastasis in the Cal72 xenograft nude mice model. These results indicate that MCS-5 appeared as a novel chemical entity which is endowed with excellent in vitro as well as in vivo anticancer activity and may contribute significantly to the management of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Structural systematics and conformational analyses of an isomer grid of nine tolyl-N-pyridinylcarbamates. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kumar BS, Raghuvanshi DS, Hasanain M, Alam S, Sarkar J, Mitra K, Khan F, Negi AS. Recent Advances in chemistry and pharmacology of 2-methoxyestradiol: An anticancer investigational drug. Steroids 2016; 110:9-34. [PMID: 27020471 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an estrogen hormone metabolite is a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Presently, it is an investigational drug under various phases of clinical trials alone or in combination therapy. Its anticancer activity has been attributed to its antitubulin, antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic and ROS induction properties. This anticancer drug candidate has been explored extensively in last twenty years for its detailed chemistry and pharmacology. Present review is an update of its chemistry and biological activity. It also extends an assessment of potential of 2ME2 and its analogues as possible anticancer drug in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sathish Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Raghuvanshi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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19
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Shah R, Singh J, Singh D, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Sulfatase inhibitors for recidivist breast cancer treatment: A chemical review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:170-90. [PMID: 26974384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a momentous role in the conversion of sulfated steroids, which are biologically inactive, into biologically active un-sulfated steroid hormones, which support the development and growth of a number of hormone-dependent cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of STS are supposed to be potential drugs for the treatment of breast and other steroid-dependent cancers. The present review concentrates on broad chemical classification of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. The inhibitors reviewed are classified into four main categories: Steroid sulfamate based inhibitors; Steroid non-sulfamate based inhibitors; Non-steroidal sulfamate based inhibitors; Non-steroidal non-sulfamate based inhibitors. A succinct overview of current treatment of cancer, estradiol precursors, STS enzyme and its role in breast cancer is herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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20
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AaminaNaaz Y, Sathiyaraj S, Kalaimani S, Nasar AS, SubbiahPandi A. Crystal structure of phenyl N-(4-nitro-phen-yl)carbamate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o969-70. [PMID: 26870555 PMCID: PMC4719927 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015021544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H10N2O4, contains two independent mol-ecules (A and B). The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 48.18 (14)° in mol-ecule A and 45.81 (14)° in mol-ecule B. The mean plane of the carbamate N-C(=O)-O group is twisted slightly from the attached benzene and phenyl rings, making respective dihedral angles of 12.97 (13) and 60.93 (14)° in A, and 23.11 (14) and 59.10 (14)° in B. In the crystal, A and B mol-ecules are arranged alternately through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming chains along the a axis. The chains are further linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a double-chain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. AaminaNaaz
- Department of Physics, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India
| | | | - Sundararaj Kalaimani
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - A. Sultan Nasar
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - A. SubbiahPandi
- Department of Physics, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India
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21
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Thomas MP, Potter BVL. Discovery and Development of the Aryl O-Sulfamate Pharmacophore for Oncology and Women's Health. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7634-58. [PMID: 25992880 PMCID: PMC5159624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1994, following work from this laboratory, it was reported that estrone-3-O-sulfamate irreversibly inhibits a new potential hormone-dependent cancer target steroid sulfatase (STS). Subsequent drug discovery projects were initiated to develop the core aryl O-sulfamate pharmacophore that, over some 20 years, have led to steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs in numerous preclinical and clinical trials, with promising results in oncology and women's health, including endometriosis. Drugs have been designed to inhibit STS, e.g., Irosustat, as innovative dual-targeting aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs) and as multitargeting agents for hormone-independent tumors, such as the steroidal STX140 and nonsteroidal counterparts, acting inter alia through microtubule disruption. The aryl sulfamate pharmacophore is highly versatile, operating via three distinct mechanisms of action, and imbues attractive pharmaceutical properties. This Perspective gives a personal view of the work leading both to the therapeutic concepts and these drugs, their current status, and how they might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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22
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Caira MR, Bourne SA, Samsodien H. Thermal, X-ray Structural, and Dissolution Characteristics of Solid Forms Derived from the Anticancer Agents 2-Methoxyestradiol and 2-Methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-Bis-Sulfamate. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3418-25. [PMID: 26073557 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to generate alternative solid forms of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) and its sulfamoylated derivative 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (2MES), both of which are potent anticancer agents with no significant history of solid-state investigation. Screening for polymorphs and solvates by a variety of procedures yielded four distinct species: a crystalline form of 2ME, an amorphous form of 2ME, a chloroform solvate 2ME·(CHCl3 )2 , and the hemihydrate of the bis-sulfamate, 2MES·(H2 O)0.5 . Hydrogen-bonded assembly of 2ME molecules into layers in both crystalline 2ME and its chloroform solvate was established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This technique also revealed disorder of the sulfamate group at position 17 in both molecules comprising the asymmetric unit in the crystal of 2MES·(H2 O)0.5 . The thermal stabilities of the crystalline phases were recorded using hot-stage microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry, and the results were reconciled with the crystal structures. Aqueous dissolution rates measured at 37°C generally decreased in the order 2MES·(H2 O)0.5 > 2ME(amorphous) > 2ME(crystalline).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mino R Caira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Susan A Bourne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Halima Samsodien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
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23
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Dohle W, Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Chapman CJ, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Optimisation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based chimeric microtubule disruptors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1783-93. [PMID: 24819406 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based "chimeric" microtubule disruptors were optimised through modification of the N-benzyl motif, in concert with changes at C3 and C7, resulting in the identification of compounds with improved in vitro antiproliferative activities (e.g. 15: GI50 20 nM in DU-145). The broad anticancer activity of these novel structures was confirmed in the NCI 60-cell line assay, with 12 e,f displaying MGM values in the 40 nM region. In addition, their profiles as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation and colchicine binding to tubulin were confirmed. Compound 15, for example, inhibited tubulin polymerisation with an IC50 of 1.8 μM, close to that of the clinical drug combretastatin A-4, and also proved effective at blocking colchicine binding. Additionally, compound 20 b was identified as the only phenol in the series to date showing both better in vitro antiproliferative properties than its corresponding sulfamate and excellent antitubulin data (IC50=.6 μM). Compound 12 f was selected for in vivo evaluation at the NCI in the hollow fibre assay and showed very good activity and wide tissue distribution, illustrating the value of this template for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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24
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Jeyachandran V, Vivek Kumar S, Ranjith Kumar R. Synthesis of novel 16-spiro steroids: 7-(Aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazolo estrone hybrid heterocycles. Steroids 2014; 82:29-37. [PMID: 24462648 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the reaction of isatins or acenaphthylene-1,2-dione and 1,3-thiazolane-4-carboxylic acid to various exocyclic dipolarophiles synthesized from estrone afforded a library of novel C-16 spiro oxindole or acenaphthylene-1-one - 7-(aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazole - estrone hybrid heterocycles. These reactions occur regio- and stereo-selectively affording a single isomer of the spiro estrones in excellent yields with the formation of two C-C and one C-N bonds along with the generation of four new contiguous stereo-centers in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Jeyachandran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Dohle W, Thomas MP, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Synthesis, anti-tubulin and antiproliferative SAR of steroidomimetic dihydroisoquinolinones. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:798-812. [PMID: 24596315 PMCID: PMC4114533 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A SAR translation strategy adopted for the discovery of tetrahydroisoquinolinone (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule disruptors has been extended to dihydroisoquinolinone (DHIQ)-based compounds. A steroid A,B-ring-mimicking DHIQ core was connected to methoxyaryl D-ring mimics through methylene, carbonyl, and sulfonyl linkers, and the resulting compounds were evaluated against two cancer cell lines. The carbonyl-linked DHIQs in particular exhibit significant in vitro antiproliferative activities (e.g., 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (16 g): GI50 51 nm in DU-145 cells). The broad anticancer activity of DHIQ 16 g was confirmed in the NCI 60-cell line assay giving a mean activity of 33 nm. Furthermore, 6-hydroxy-2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (16 f) and 16 g and their sulfamate derivatives 17 f and 17 g (2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, respectively) show excellent activity against the polymerization of tubulin, close to that of the clinical combretastatin A-4, and bind competitively at the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Compounds 16 f and 17 f were also shown to demonstrate in vitro anti-angiogenic activity. Additionally, X-ray and computational analyses of 17 f reveal that electrostatic repulsion between the two adjacent carbonyl groups, through conformational biasing, dictates the adoption of a “steroid-like” conformation that may partially explain the excellent in vitro activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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26
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. 17-beta-estradiol analog inhibits cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis in breast cell lines. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:236-42. [PMID: 24449492 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are important targets when studying potential anticancer agents since disturbance of these microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest and cell death. 2-Methoxyestradiol is a naturally occurring metabolite that exerts antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Due to limited biological accessibly and rapid metabolic degradation, several analogs were synthesized. This study investigated the antiproliferative influence of an 2-methoxyestradiol analog, (8R, 13S, 14S, 17S)-2-Ethyl-13-methyl-7, 8, 9, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3, 17-diyl bis(sulfamate) (EMBS) on cell proliferation, morphology and apoptosis induction in a estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma cells line (MCF-7), estrogen receptor-negative highly metastatic breast cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF-12A). Spectrophotometry results indicated that EMBS exerted differential antiproliferative activity in the three cell lines. Cell growth of the breast adenocarcinoma and highly metastatic breast cell line reached a plateau effect at 0.4 μM after 24 h of exposure. Light microscopy and polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference contrast demonstrated compromised cell density, cells blocked in metaphase and the presence of apoptotic characteristics after EMBS exposure for 24 h in all three cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed hallmarks of apoptosis namely the presence of apoptotic bodies, shrunken cells and cell debris in EMBS-exposed cells. This investigation demonstrated that EMBS does exert antimitotic activity and induces apoptosis contributing to elucidating the signal transduction of EMBS in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic breast cell lines. Findings warrant in-depth analysis of specific targets in vitro and subsequent in vivo investigation for anticancer therapy.
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27
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Dohle W, Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Bai R, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Kasprzyk PG, Fiore A, Newman SP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Synthesis, antitubulin, and antiproliferative SAR of C3/C1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:350-70. [PMID: 24436228 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and antiproliferative activities of novel substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives and their sulfamates are discussed. Biasing of conformational populations through substitution on the tetrahydroisoquinoline core at C1 and C3 has a profound effect on the antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. The C3 methyl-substituted sulfamate (±)-7-methoxy-2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-3-methyl-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (6 b), for example, was found to be ∼10-fold more potent than the corresponding non-methylated compound 7-methoxy-2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4 b) against DU-145 prostate cancer cells (GI50 values: 220 nM and 2.1 μM, respectively). Such compounds were also found to be active against a drug-resistant MCF breast cancer cell line. The position and nature of substitution of the N-benzyl group in the C3-substituted series was found to have a significant effect on activity. Whereas C1 methylation has little effect on activity, introduction of C1 phenyl and C3-gem-dimethyl substituents greatly decreases antiproliferative activity. The ability of these compounds to inhibit microtubule polymerisation and to bind tubulin in a competitive manner versus colchicine confirms the mechanism of action. The therapeutic potential of a representative compound was confirmed in an in vivo multiple myeloma xenograft study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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28
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Dohle W, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Fiore A, Kasprzyk PG, Potter BVL. Tetrahydroisoquinolinone-based steroidomimetic and chimeric microtubule disruptors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:85-108, 1. [PMID: 24124095 PMCID: PMC3877212 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) translation strategy was used for the discovery of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic and chimeric microtubule disruptors based upon a steroidal starting point. A steroid A,B-ring-mimicking THIQ core was connected to methoxyaryl D-ring ring mimics through methylene, carbonyl and sulfonyl linkers to afford a number of steroidomimetic hits (e.g., 7-methoxy-2-(3- methoxybenzyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (20 c) GI₅₀=2.1 μM). Optimisation and control experiments demonstrate the complementary SAR of this series and the steroid derivatives that inspired its design. Linkage of the THIQ-based A,B-mimic with the trimethoxyaryl motif prevalent in colchicine site binding microtubule disruptors delivered a series of chimeric molecules whose activity (GI₅₀=40 nM) surpasses that of the parent steroid derivatives. Validation of this strategy was obtained from the excellent oral activity of 7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline relative to a benchmark steroidal bis- sulfamate in an in vivo model of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Fabrice L. Jourdan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Meriel R. Major
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex (France)
| | - Ann Fiore
- IPSEN, 27 Maple St, Milford, MA (USA)
| | | | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
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29
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Spillane W, Malaubier JB. Sulfamic Acid and Its N- and O-Substituted Derivatives. Chem Rev 2013; 114:2507-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Spillane
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Malaubier
- Manufacturing Science
and
Technology, Roche Ireland Limited, Clarecastle, Co. Clare, Ireland
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30
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Mostafa YA, Taylor SD. Steroid derivatives as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:183-98. [PMID: 23391659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated steroids function as a storage reservoir of biologically active steroid hormones. The sulfated steroids themselves are biologically inactive and only become active in vivo when they are converted into their desulfated (unconjugated) form by the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS). Inhibitors of STS are considered to be potential therapeutics for the treatment of steroid-dependent cancers such as breast, prostate and endometrial cancer. The present review summarizes steroid derivatives as inhibitors of STS covering the literature from the early years of STS inhibitor development to October of 2012. A brief discussion of the function, structure and mechanism of STS and its role in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) hormone-dependent breast cancer is also presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser A Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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31
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Frank E, Schneider G. Synthesis of sex hormone-derived modified steroids possessing antiproliferative activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:301-15. [PMID: 23499871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During recent years intensive research has been focused on the synthesis of structurally modified steroid hormones in order to obtain compounds with beneficial biological activity such as cell-growth inhibition. Experimental results have revealed that some steroidal derivatives possess direct cytostatic effect on cancer cells in a hormone receptor-independent manner. After a brief account on the most important biological function and characteristics of the naturally occurring sex hormones in physiological and pathological conditions, structural modifications of estrane and androstane scaffolds are discussed in detail. The review covers literature publications (from 2002 to 2012) relating to the synthesis and antiproliferative activity of semisynthetic sex hormone-derived molecules containing simple or heterocyclic substituents. The compounds reviewed are divided into three main categories according to their sterane framework and the nature of substitution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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32
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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33
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Ren J, Wang Y, Wang J, Lin J, Wei K, Huang R. Synthesis and antitumor activity of N-sulfonyl-3,7-dioxo-5β-cholan-24-amides, ursodeoxycholic acid derivatives. Steroids 2013; 78:53-8. [PMID: 23127818 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-sulfonyl-3,7-dioxo-5β-cholan-24-amides, ursodeoxycholic acid derivatives, have been designed and synthesized in nine steps starting from ursodeoxycholic acid. The in vitro antitumor activity of the target compounds has been evaluated against HCT-116, MCF-7, K562, and SGC-7901 cell lines. The pharmacological results showed that most of the prepared compounds display excellent selective cytotoxicity toward HCT-116, MCF-7, and K562 cell lines. Particularly, compounds 10c, 10f and 10g show high inhibitory activity on these human cancer cell lines (IC50: 2.39-9.34 μM). Conversely, all compounds are generally inactive against SGC-7901, with only 10b having IC₅₀ below 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China
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34
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Kvasnica M, Rarova L, Oklestkova J, Budesinsky M, Kohout L. Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of estrone and estradiol cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6969-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Armitage I, Berne AM, Elliott EL, Fu M, Hicks F, McCubbin Q, Zhu L. N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-[(triethylenediammonium)sulfonyl]azanide: A Convenient Sulfamoylation Reagent for Alcohols. Org Lett 2012; 14:2626-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3009683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Armitage
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander M. Berne
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric L. Elliott
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingkun Fu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frederick Hicks
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Quentin McCubbin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Process Chemistry Research and Development, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Mata I, Molins E, Amat M, Llor N, Checa B. C—H... X( X= O, N or π) interactions in benzyl carbamate. Acta Crystallogr C 2012; 68:o114-8. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270112003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal packing and interaction energy of benzyl carbamate, C8H9NO2, have been analysed in detail by thePIXELmethod. Benzyl carbamate forms layers of hydrogen-bonded molecules, with the layers connected by weaker C—H...π interactions. According to thePIXELanalysis, combinations of C—H...X(X= O, N or π) interactions are comparable in energy with hydrogen bonding. These interactions are necessary for explaining the geometry and the assembly of the layers.
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37
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Leese MP, Jourdan F, Dohle W, Kimberley MR, Thomas MP, Bai R, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Steroidomimetic Tetrahydroisoquinolines for the Design of New Microtubule Disruptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:5-9. [PMID: 22247790 PMCID: PMC3256937 DOI: 10.1021/ml200232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Structure–activity relationship translation offers
an expeditious
means for discovery of new active series. This approach was applied
to discover tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule
disruptors. The two A-ring elements of a three-point steroidal pharmacophore
were incorporated into a THIQ-based A,B-ring mimic to which an H-bond
acceptor was attached as the third motif. Optimization of the representative 6c through conformational biasing delivered
a 10-fold gain in activity and a new series of microtubule disruptors
(e.g., 9c) with antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar
range. The THIQ derivatives match, or surpass, the activities of the
steroidal series and exhibit improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel R. Kimberley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- IPSEN, Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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38
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Bruno RD, Vasaitis TS, Gediya LK, Purushottamachar P, Godbole AM, Ates-Alagoz Z, Brodie AMH, Njar VCO. Synthesis and biological evaluations of putative metabolically stable analogs of VN/124-1 (TOK-001): head to head anti-tumor efficacy evaluation of VN/124-1 (TOK-001) and abiraterone in LAPC-4 human prostate cancer xenograft model. Steroids 2011; 76:1268-79. [PMID: 21729712 PMCID: PMC3171567 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing study of our clinical candidate 5 VN/124-1 (TOK-001) and analogs as potential agents for prostate cancer therapy, putative metabolites (10, 15 and 18) of compound 5 were rationally designed and synthesized. However, none of these agents were as efficacious as 5 in several in vitro studies. Using western blot analysis, we have generated a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 5 and related analogs as androgen receptor ablative agents (ARAAs). In vivo using the androgen-dependent LAPC-4 prostate cancer xenograft model, we demonstrated for the first time that 5 is more efficacious than the 17-lyase inhibitor 3 (abiraterone)/4 (abiraterone acetate) that is currently in phase III clinical trials. In our desire to optimize the potency of 5, compounds 6 (3ξ-fluoro-) and 9 (3β-sulfamate-) designed to increase the stability and oral bioavailability of 5, respectively were evaluated in vivo. We showed, that on equimolar basis, compound 6 was ∼2-fold more efficacious versus LAPC-4 xenografts than 5, but the toxicity observed with 6 is of concern. These studies further demonstrate the efficacy of 5 in a clinically relevant prostate cancer model and justify its current clinical development as a potential treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Bruno
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tadas S. Vasaitis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lalji K. Gediya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abhijit M. Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100Tandogan, Ankara-Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela M. H. Brodie
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vincent C. O. Njar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Corresponding author: Tel: (215) 503 7468, Fax: (215) 503 9052;
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39
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Maltais R, Poirier D. Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: a review covering the promising 2000-2010 decade. Steroids 2011; 76:929-48. [PMID: 21458474 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a major role in the regulation of steroid hormone concentrations in several human tissues and target organs and therefore, represents an interesting target to regulate estrogen and androgen levels implicated in different diseases. In this review article, the emphasis is put on STS inhibitors reported in the fruitful 2000-2010 decade, which consolidated the first ones that were previously developed (1990-1999). The inhibitors reviewed are divided into four categories according to the fact that they are sulfamoylated or not or that they have a steroid nucleus or not. Other topics such as function, localization, structure and mechanism as well as applications of STS inhibitors are also briefly discussed to complement the information on this crucial steroidogenic enzyme and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Endocrinology and Genomic Unit) and Laval University (Faculty of Medicine), Québec, Canada
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40
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Guo H, Zhang G, Zhang T, He X, Wu Z, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Qiu G, Liu P, Hu X. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some 16β-azolyl-3β-amino-5α-androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3662-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Jourdan F, Leese MP, Dohle W, Ferrandis E, Newman SP, Chander S, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17-substituted estratriene-3-O-sulfamates as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4863-79. [PMID: 21604672 DOI: 10.1021/jm200483x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activities of analogues of 2-substituted estradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamates (E2bisMATEs) are discussed. Modifications of the C-17 substituent confirm that an H-bond acceptor is essential for high activity; its optimal linkage to C-17 and the local environment in which it resides are defined. In the non-sulfamoylated series 17β-acyl substitution delivers 48b, the most potent compound identified to date. In the sulfamate series a number of permutations of linker and H-bond acceptor deliver excellent activity, with 55, 61, 65, 49a, and 49b proving especially promising. The in vivo potential of these compounds was explored in the NCI hollow fiber assay and also in a mouse Matrigel model of antiangiogenesis in which 49 and 55 show significant inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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42
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study with a Series of 17α-Derivatives of Estradiol: Model for the Development of Reversible Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200960028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Li YH, Zhang L, Tseng PS, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Shen J, Jin J. A facile one-pot synthesis of 3-unsubstituted-2,4-oxazolidinediones via in situ generation of carbamates from α-hydroxyesters using trichloroacetyl isocyanate. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Parsons MFC, Foster PA, Chander SK, Jhalli R, Newman SP, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Purohit A, Reed MJ. The in vivo properties of STX243: a potent angiogenesis inhibitor in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1433-41. [PMID: 18841154 PMCID: PMC2579677 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidal-based drug 2-ethyloestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX243) has been developed as a potent antiangiogenic and antitumour compound. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether STX243 is more active in vivo than the clinically relevant drug 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) and the structurally similar compound 2-MeOE2-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140). The tumour growth inhibition efficacy, antiangiogenic potential and pharmacokinetics of STX243 were examined using four in vivo models. Both STX243 and STX140 were capable of retarding the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumours (72 and 63%, respectively), whereas no inhibition was observed for animals treated with 2-MeOE2. Further tumour inhibition studies showed that STX243 was also active against MCF-7 paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Using a Matrigel plug-based model, in vivo angiogenesis was restricted with STX243 and STX140 (50 and 72%, respectively, using a 10 mg kg(-1) oral dose), thereby showing the antiangiogenic activity of both compounds. The pharmacokinetics of STX243 were examined at two different doses using adult female rats. The compound was orally bioavailable (31% after a single 10 mg kg(-1) dose) and resistant to metabolism. These results show that STX243 is a potent in vivo drug and could be clinically effective at treating a number of oncological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F C Parsons
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - P A Foster
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - S K Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - R Jhalli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - S P Newman
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - B V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M J Reed
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
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45
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Moreira VMA, Vasaitis TS, Guo Z, Njar VCO, Salvador JAR. Synthesis of novel C17 steroidal carbamates. Studies on CYP17 action, androgen receptor binding and function, and prostate cancer cell growth. Steroids 2008; 73:1217-27. [PMID: 18582482 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have exploited the reaction of 1,1'-carbonylbis(2-methylimidazole) (CBMI) with several 17beta-hydroxy androstanes to synthesize a series of novel C17 steroidal carbamates. Structural elucidation features have been provided for the final compounds based on 1D and 2D NMR techniques, IR spectroscopy, and related literature. The new compounds were tested for inhibition of human cytochrome 17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (CYP17) and androgen receptor (AR) binding and function effects. Their inhibitory potential against PC-3 cell proliferation was also evaluated. Compounds 11 and 23 were found to inhibit CYP17 with IC50 values of 17.1 and 11.5 microM, respectively. The carbamate moiety at C17 allowed tight binding of the synthesized compounds to both wild-type (wt-) and mutated AR. When bound to the mutated AR, the compounds were found to have a dual effect, stimulating transcription at low concentrations while almost fully blocking it at the higher concentrations tested, in the presence of the natural androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Compounds 8 and 12 were the most active against PC-3 cell proliferation with EC50 values of 2.2 and 0.2 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia M A Moreira
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua do Norte, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
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46
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Gaukroger K, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Foster PA, Stengel C, Regis-Lydi S, Ferrandis E, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17 cyano-substituted estratrienes as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1295-308. [PMID: 18260615 DOI: 10.1021/jm701319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, SAR, and preclinical evaluation of 17-cyanated 2-substituted estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes as anticancer agents are discussed. 2-Methoxy-17beta-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol ( 14), but not the related 2-ethyl derivative 7, and the related 3- O-sulfamates 8 and 15 display potent antiproliferative effects (MCF-7 GI 50 300, 60 and 70 nM, respectively) against human cancer cells in vitro. Investigation of the SAR reveals that a sterically unhindered hydrogen bond acceptor attached to C-17 is most likely key to the enhanced activity. Compound 8 displayed significant in vitro antiangiogenic activity, and its ability to act as a microtubule disruptor was confirmed. Inhibitory activity of the sulfamate derivatives against steroid sulfatase and carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) was also observed, and the interaction between 15 and hCAII was investigated by protein crystallography. The potential of these multimechanism anticancer agents was confirmed in vivo, with promising activity observed for both 14 and 15 in an athymic nude mouse MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Leese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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47
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Jourdan F, Bubert C, Leese MP, Smith A, Ferrandis E, Regis-Lydi S, Newman SP, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Effects of C-17 heterocyclic substituents on the anticancer activity of 2-ethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-O-sulfamates: synthesis, in vitro evaluation and computational modelling. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4108-19. [DOI: 10.1039/b810300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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