1
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Esler WP, Cohen DE. Pharmacologic inhibition of lipogenesis for the treatment of NAFLD. J Hepatol 2024; 80:362-377. [PMID: 37977245 PMCID: PMC10842769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic accumulation of excess triglycerides is a seminal event in the initiation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis occurs when the hepatic accrual of fatty acids from the plasma and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is no longer balanced by rates of fatty acid oxidation and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides. Accumulating data indicate that increased rates of DNL are central to the development of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Whereas the main drivers in NAFLD are transcriptional, owing to both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia, the effectors of DNL are a series of well-characterised enzymes. Several have proven amenable to pharmacologic inhibition or oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown, with lead compounds showing liver fat-lowering efficacy in phase II clinical trials. In humans with NAFLD, percent reductions in liver fat have closely mirrored percent inhibition of DNL, thereby affirming the critical contributions of DNL to NAFLD pathogenesis. The safety profiles of these compounds have so far been encouraging. It is anticipated that inhibitors of DNL, when administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, will become important agents in the management of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States.
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States.
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2
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Zhou Y, Zhang MX, Sun M, Wan LS, Chen JS, Zhang ZX. Effects of the Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Pyriproxyfen, and Tebufenozide on the Fatty Acid Metabolome of Bactrocera Dorsalis Larvae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1462-1472. [PMID: 38197605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Insects' lipids, including fatty acids, as the second largest constituents in insects, play a variety of fundamental and vital functions. However, there is a lack of reports on the effects of insect growth regulators on fatty acid profiles and metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, a comparative study of three growth regulators, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide, on fatty acids was carried out using a targeted metabolomics approach to fill this gap. The results showed that when exposed to azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide, there were 14, 17, and 11 differentially regulated fatty acids, respectively. The pathway of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was the common shared pathway, while fatty acid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were the specific pathways affected by the 3 insect growth regulators. Therefore, the results could be helpful to deepen the effects of azadirachtin and insect growth regulators on terrestrial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min Xing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404155, China
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Lu Sheng Wan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Jing Sheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Zhi Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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3
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Mallick R, Bhowmik P, Duttaroy AK. Targeting fatty acid uptake and metabolism in cancer cells: A promising strategy for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115591. [PMID: 37774669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific development, cancer is still a fatal disease. The development of cancer is thought to be significantly influenced by fatty acids. Several mechanisms that control fatty acid absorption and metabolism are reported to be altered in cancer cells to support their survival. Cancer cells can use de novo synthesis or uptake of extracellular fatty acid if one method is restricted. This factor makes it more difficult to target one pathway while failing to treat the disease properly. Side effects may also arise if several inhibitors simultaneously target many targets. If a viable inhibitor could work on several routes, the number of negative effects might be reduced. Comparative investigations against cell viability have found several potent natural and manmade substances. In this review, we discuss the complex roles that fatty acids play in the development of tumors and the progression of cancer, newly discovered and potentially effective natural and synthetic compounds that block the uptake and metabolism of fatty acids, the adverse side effects that can occur when multiple inhibitors are used to treat cancer, and emerging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Prasenjit Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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4
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Limberakis C, Smith AC, Bagley SW, Yayla HG, Kung DW, Griffith DA. Convergent Syntheses of Isomeric Imidazolospiroketones as Templates for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13727-13740. [PMID: 37751412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of imidazole fused spirocyclic ketones as templates for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors is reported. By completing the spirocyclic ring closure via divergent pathways, the synthesis of these regioisomers from common intermediates was developed. Through an aldehyde homologation/transmetalation strategy, one isomer was formed selectively. The second desired isomer was obtained via an intramolecular aromatic homolytic substitution reaction. Preparation of these isomeric spiroketones provided templates which, upon elaboration, led to key structure-activity relationship (SAR) points for delivery of potent ACC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hatice G Yayla
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Kung
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Firdaus JU, Siddiqui N, Alam O, Manaithiya A, Chandra K. Pyrazole scaffold-based derivatives: A glimpse of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, SAR, and route of synthesis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200421. [PMID: 36617511 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The α-glucosidase is a validated target to develop drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The existing α-glucosidase inhibitors have certain shortcomings related to side effects and route of synthesis. Accordingly, it is inevitable to develop new chemical templates as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Pyrazole derivatives have a special place in medicinal chemistry because of various biological activities. Recently, pyrazole-based heterocyclic compounds have emerged as a promising scaffold to develop α-glucosidase inhibitors. This study focuses on the recently reported pyrazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors, including their biological activity (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico), structure-activity relationship, and ways of synthesis. The literature revealed the development of several promising pyrazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors and new synthetic routes for their preparation. The encouraging α-glucosidase inhibitory results of the pyrazole-based heterocyclic compounds make them an attractive target for further research. The authors also foresee the arrival of the pyrazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannat Ul Firdaus
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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6
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Wei WX, Kong X, Jiao RQ, Li XS, Wang CT, Li Y, Liang YM. Regioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Pyrrolines via a Palladium-Catalyzed Narasaka-Heck/C-H Activation/[4+2] Annulation Cascade Reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6348-6354. [PMID: 35733897 PMCID: PMC9159093 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed spirocyclization through sequential Narasaka-Heck, C-H activation and [4+2] annulation has been developed. In this reaction, cheap and readily available 2-chlorobenzoic acid or ethyl phenylpropiolate was employed as...
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Cui-Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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7
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Azimi F, Azizian H, Najafi M, Khodarahmi G, Saghaei L, Hassanzadeh M, Ghasemi JB, Faramarzi MA, Larijani B, Hassanzadeh F, Mahdavi M. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of pyrazole-benzofuran hybrids as new α-glucosidase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20776. [PMID: 34675367 PMCID: PMC8531348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, new derivatives of biphenyl pyrazole-benzofuran hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro through enzymatic assay for inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase activity. Newly identified inhibitors were found to be four to eighteen folds more active with IC50 values in the range of 40.6 ± 0.2-164.3 ± 1.8 µM, as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 10.0 μM). Limited Structure-activity relationship was established. A kinetic binding study indicated that most active compound 8e acted as the competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase with Ki = 38 μM. Molecular docking has also been performed to find the interaction modes responsible for the desired inhibitory activity. As expected, all pharmacophoric features, used in the design of the hybrid, are involved in the interaction with the active site of the enzyme. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations showed compound 8e oriented vertically into the active site from mouth to the bottom and stabilized the enzyme domains by interacting with the interface of domain A and domain B and the back side of the active site while acarbose formed non-binding interaction with the residue belong to the domain A of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azimi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ghadamali Khodarahmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Su Z, Chai H, Xu J, Li J. ZnCl 2-promoted domino reaction of 2-hydroxybenzonitriles with ketones for synthesis of 1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29906-29911. [PMID: 35480257 PMCID: PMC9040917 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A ZnCl2-promoted synthesis of 1,3-benzoxazin-4-one from 2-hydroxybenzonitriles and ketones was developed. This method displays facile access to a diverse range of substituted 1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones in good yields. This synthetic protocol has advantages: (i) easy availability of starting material; (ii) strong corrosive acid-free condition; (iii) high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Hongxin Chai
- Shenzhen Xinhua Middle School Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning Haidian District, No. 12, Da Hui Si Road Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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9
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Ghasempour L, Asghari S, Tajbakhsh M, Mohseni M. Preparation of New Spiropyrazole, Pyrazole and Hydantoin Derivatives and Investigation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100197. [PMID: 34272925 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of new spiropyrazoles, pyrazole and hydantoin heterocycles is reported by three component reactions of parabanic acids, hydrazine derivatives, and phenacyl bromides in the presence of triphenylphosphine as a nucleophile and triethylamine as a base in good to high yields (69-91 %). Evaluation of the synthesized compounds revealed a good to excellent antioxidant activities (37.6-96.2 %) using DPPH inhibitory potency. Among these compounds, hydantoin derivatives displayed higher antioxidant activities (93.7-96.2 %) comparing with spiropyrazoles and pyrazoles. The obtained results showed that Cl and Br substituents on the phenyl ring increased antioxidant activities of the related heterocycles. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were examined against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. Among the synthesized heterocycles, 2-[1,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)imidazolidin-4-yl]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide exhibited the excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghasempour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Sakineh Asghari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
- Nano and Biotechnology Research Group, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tajbakhsh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Nano and Biotechnology Research Group, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
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10
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Wei WX, Li Y, Wen YT, Li M, Li XS, Wang CT, Liu HC, Xia Y, Zhang BS, Jiao RQ, Liang YM. Experimental and Computational Studies of Palladium-Catalyzed Spirocyclization via a Narasaka-Heck/C(sp 3 or sp 2)-H Activation Cascade Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7868-7875. [PMID: 33974798 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of highly strained spirocyclobutane-pyrrolines via a palladium-catalyzed tandem Narasaka-Heck/C(sp3 or sp2)-H activation reaction is reported here. The key step in this transformation is the activation of a δ-C-H bond via an in situ generated σ-alkyl-Pd(II) species to form a five-membered spiro-palladacycle intermediate. The concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) process, rate-determining step, and energy barrier of the entire reaction were explored by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, a series of control experiments was conducted to probe the rate-determining step and reversibility of the C(sp3)-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cui-Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Qiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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11
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Huang T, Wu X, Yan S, Liu T, Yin X. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel spiroketopyrazoles as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113036. [PMID: 33276990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, which plays a critical role in the growth and survival of cancer cells. In this study, a series of spiroketopyrazole derivatives bearing quinoline moieties were synthesized, and in vitro anticancer activities of these compounds as ACC inhibitors were evaluated. The biological evaluation showed that compound 7j exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.29 nM), while compound 7m displayed the most potent anti-proliferative activity against A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 cells with corresponding IC50 values of 0.55, 0.38, and 1.65 μM, respectively. The preliminary pharmacological studies confirmed that compound 7m reduced the intracellular malonyl-CoA and TG levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it could down-regulate cyclin D1 and CDK4 to disturb the cell cycle and up-regulate Bax, caspase-3, and PARP along with the suppression of Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. Notably, the combination of 7m with doxorubicin synergistically decreased the HepG2 cell viability. These results indicated that compound 7m as a single agent, or in combination with other antitumor drugs, might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Medical University Science Park, 221000, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shirong Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221002, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Azimi F, Ghasemi JB, Azizian H, Najafi M, Faramarzi MA, Saghaei L, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Larijani B, Hassanzadeh F, Mahdavi M. Design and synthesis of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitor: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1082-1095. [PMID: 33157144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Given the importance of hydrogen bonding in promoting the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pharmacophore modification was established. The docking results rationalized the idea of the design. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent in vitro yeast α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 values in the range of 65.1-695.0 μM) even much more potent than standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 μM). Among them, compounds 8o displayed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 65.1 ± 0.3 μM). Kinetic study of compound 8o revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in a competitive mode (Ki = 87.0 μM). Limited SAR suggested that electronic properties of substitutions have little effect on inhibitory potential of compounds. Cytotoxic studies demonstrated that the active compounds (8o, 8k, 8p, 8l, 8i, and 8a) compounds are also non-cytotoxic. The binding modes of the most potent compounds 8o, 8k, 8p, 8l and 8i was studied through in silico docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed in order to explain the dynamic behavior and structural changes of the systems by the calculation of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib, 817416-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Kelly KL, Reagan WJ, Sonnenberg GE, Clasquin M, Hales K, Asano S, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Shirai N, Matthews MD, Li KW, Hellerstein MK, Vera NB, Ross TT, Cappon G, Bergman A, Buckeridge C, Sun Z, Qejvanaj EZ, Schmahai T, Beebe D, Pfefferkorn JA, Esler WP. De novo lipogenesis is essential for platelet production in humans. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1163-1178. [PMID: 32929234 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the first step of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pharmacologic inhibition of ACC has been of interest for therapeutic intervention in a wide range of diseases. We demonstrate here that ACC and DNL are essential for platelet production in humans and monkeys, but in not rodents or dogs. During clinical evaluation of a systemically distributed ACC inhibitor, unexpected dose-dependent reductions in platelet count were observed. While platelet count reductions were not observed in rat and dog toxicology studies, subsequent studies in cynomolgus monkeys recapitulated these platelet count reductions with a similar concentration response to that in humans. These studies, along with ex vivo human megakaryocyte maturation studies, demonstrate that platelet lowering is a consequence of DNL inhibition likely to result in impaired megakaryocyte demarcation membrane formation. These observations demonstrate that while DNL is a minor quantitative contributor to global lipid balance in humans, DNL is essential to specific lipid pools of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kelly
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William J Reagan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shoh Asano
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Amor
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Marcy D Matthews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin W Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Bergman
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enida Ziso Qejvanaj
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David Beebe
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Huard K, Smith AC, Cappon G, Dow RL, Edmonds DJ, El-Kattan A, Esler WP, Fernando DP, Griffith DA, Kalgutkar AS, Ross TT, Bagley SW, Beebe D, Bi YA, Cabral S, Crowley C, Doran SD, Dowling MS, Liras S, Mascitti V, Niosi M, Pfefferkorn JA, Polivkova J, Préville C, Price DA, Shavnya A, Shirai N, Smith AH, Southers JR, Tess DA, Thuma BA, Varma MV, Yang X. Optimizing the Benefit/Risk of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors through Liver Targeting. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10879-10896. [PMID: 32809824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have the potential to rebalance disordered lipid metabolism, leading to improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consistent with these observations, first-in-human clinical trials with our ACC inhibitor PF-05175157 led to robust reduction of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), albeit with concomitant reductions in platelet count, which were attributed to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis within bone marrow. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxylic acid-based ACC inhibitors with organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrate properties, which facilitated selective distribution of the compounds at the therapeutic site of action (liver) relative to the periphery. These efforts led to the discovery of clinical candidate PF-05221304 (12), which selectively inhibits liver DNL in animals, while demonstrating considerable safety margins against platelet reduction in a nonhuman primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert L Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayman El-Kattan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William P Esler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dilinie P Fernando
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Beebe
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi-An Bi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Collin Crowley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Mascitti
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Préville
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Price
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James R Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Tess
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin A Thuma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Manthena V Varma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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15
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Esler WP, Tesz GJ, Hellerstein MK, Beysen C, Sivamani R, Turner SM, Watkins SM, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Geoly FJ, Biddle KE, Purkal JJ, Fitch M, Buckeridge C, Silvia AM, Griffith DA, Gorgoglione M, Hassoun L, Bosanac SS, Vera NB, Rolph TP, Pfefferkorn JA, Sonnenberg GE. Human sebum requires de novo lipogenesis, which is increased in acne vulgaris and suppressed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/492/eaau8465. [PMID: 31092695 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sebum plays important physiological roles in human skin. Excess sebum production contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, and suppression of sebum production reduces acne incidence and severity. We demonstrate that sebum production in humans depends on local flux through the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway within the sebocyte. About 80 to 85% of sebum palmitate (16:0) and sapienate (16:1n10) were derived from DNL, based on stable isotope labeling, much higher than the contribution of DNL to triglyceride palmitate in circulation (~20%), indicating a minor contribution by nonskin sources to sebum lipids. This dependence on local sebocyte DNL was not recapitulated in two widely used animal models of sebum production, Syrian hamsters and Göttingen minipigs. Confirming the importance of DNL for human sebum production, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, ACCi-1, dose-dependently suppressed DNL and blocked synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, and wax esters but not free sterols in human sebocytes in vitro. ACCi-1 dose-dependently suppressed facial sebum excretion by ~50% (placebo adjusted) in human individuals dosed orally for 2 weeks. Sebum triglycerides, wax esters, and free fatty acids were suppressed by ~66%, whereas non-DNL-dependent lipid species, cholesterol, and squalene were not reduced, confirming selective modulation of DNL-dependent lipids. Last, individuals with acne vulgaris exhibited increased sebum production rates relative to individuals with normal skin, with >80% of palmitate and sapienate derived from DNL. These findings highlight the importance of local sebocyte DNL for human skin sebaceous gland biology and illuminate a potentially exploitable therapeutic target for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Gregory J Tesz
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- KineMed Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Raja Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | | | | | - Paul A Amor
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Santos Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank J Geoly
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kathleen E Biddle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Julie J Purkal
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Annette M Silvia
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Griffith
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Gorgoglione
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren Hassoun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Suzana S Bosanac
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy P Rolph
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Abstract
In the last few decades, pyrazole chemistry has attracted chemists’ and biologists’ attention
mainly due to the discovery of the interesting properties of a great number of pyrazole derivatives.
The resulting proliferation of research literature reflects the enormous biological potential of
pyrazole derivatives as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and antimicrobial agents. This review
focuses on research concerning the antimicrobial activity of pyrazole derivatives conducted from
2010-2018, and is intended to assist in the development of a new generation of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, S. A. Jain (PG) College, Ambala City-134003, India
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17
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Recent development in acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and their potential as novel drugs. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:533-561. [PMID: 32048880 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a critical enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, has emerged as an attractive target for a plethora of emerging diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, bacterial infections and so on. With decades of efforts in medicinal chemistry, significant progress has been made toward the design and discovery of a considerable number of inhibitors of this enzyme. In this review, we not only clarify the role of ACC in emerging diseases, but also summarize recent developments of potent ACC inhibitors and discuss their molecular mechanisms of action and potentials as novel drugs as well as future perspectives toward the design and discovery of novel ACC inhibitors.
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18
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Zhou WN, Zhang YM, Qiao X, Pan J, Yin LF, Zhu L, Zhao JN, Lu S, Lu T, Chen YD, Liu HC. Virtual Screening Strategy Combined Bayesian Classification Model, Molecular Docking for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases Inhibitors. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:193-205. [PMID: 30411690 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181109110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases (ACC) have been an important target for the therapy of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and some other diseases. METHODS In this study, virtual screening strategy combined with Bayesian categorization modeling, molecular docking and binding site analysis with protein ligand interaction fingerprint (PLIF) was adopted to validate some potent ACC inhibitors. First, the best Bayesian model with an excellent value of Area Under Curve (AUC) value (training set AUC: 0.972, test set AUC: 0.955) was used to screen compounds of validation library. Then the compounds screened by best Bayesian model were further screened by molecule docking again. RESULTS Finally, the hit compounds evaluated with four percentages (1%, 2%, 5%, 10%) were verified to reveal enrichment rates for the compounds. The combination of the ligandbased Bayesian model and structure-based virtual screening resulted in the identification of top four compounds which exhibited excellent IC 50 values against ACC in top 1% of the validation library. CONCLUSION In summary, the whole strategy is of high efficiency, and would be helpful for the discovery of ACC inhibitors and some other target inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Neng Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Feng Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Nan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Dong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Chen L, Duan Y, Wei H, Ning H, Bi C, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Li Y. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and recent developments in ACC1/2 inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:917-930. [PMID: 31430206 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1657825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid metabolism. For many years, ACC inhibitors have gained great attention for developing therapeutics for various human diseases including microbial infections, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Areas covered: We present a comprehensive review and update of ACC inhibitors. We look at the current advance of ACC inhibitors in clinical studies and the implications in drug discovery. We searched ScienceDirect ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/ ), ACS ( https://pubs.acs.org/ ), Wiley ( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ), NCBI ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) and World Health Organization ( https://www.who.int/ ). The keywords used were Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, lipid, inhibitors and metabolic syndrome. All documents were published before June 2019. Expert opinion: The key regulatory role of ACC in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation pathways makes it an attractive target for various metabolic diseases. In particular, the combination of ACC inhibitors with other drugs is a new strategy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Expanding the clinical indications for ACC inhibitors will be one of the hot directions in the future. It is also worth looking forward to exploring safe and efficient inhibitors that act on the BC domain of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Huiqiang Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Hongxin Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Changfen Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology , Chongqing , China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
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20
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Esler WP, Bence KK. Metabolic Targets in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:247-267. [PMID: 31004828 PMCID: PMC6698700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise worldwide and currently has no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. The increase in disease burden of NAFLD and a more severe form of this progressive liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), largely mirrors the increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reflects the hepatic manifestation of an altered metabolic state. Indeed, metabolic syndrome, defined as a constellation of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is the major risk factor predisposing the NAFLD and NASH. There are multiple potential pharmacologic strategies to rebalance aspects of disordered metabolism in NAFLD. These include therapies aimed at reducing hepatic steatosis by directly modulating lipid metabolism within the liver, inhibiting fructose metabolism, altering delivery of free fatty acids from the adipose to the liver by targeting insulin resistance and/or adipose metabolism, modulating glycemia, and altering pleiotropic metabolic pathways simultaneously. Emerging data from human genetics also supports a role for metabolic drivers in NAFLD and risk for progression to NASH. In this review, we highlight the prominent metabolic drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss the major metabolic targets of NASH pharmacotherapy.
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Key Words
- acc, acetyl-coa carboxylase
- alt, alanine aminotransferase
- aso, anti-sense oligonucleotide
- ast, aspartate aminotransferase
- chrebp, carbohydrate response element binding protein
- ci, confidence interval
- dgat, diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase
- dnl, de novo lipogenesis
- fas, fatty acid synthase
- ffa, free fatty acid
- fgf, fibroblast growth factor
- fxr, farnesoid x receptor
- glp-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- hdl, high-density lipoprotein
- homa-ir, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- ldl, low-density lipoprotein
- nafld, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- nas, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score
- nash, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- or, odds ratio
- pdff, proton density fat fraction
- ppar, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- sglt2, sodium glucose co-transporter 2
- srebp-1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
- t2d, type 2 diabetes
- t2dm, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tg, triglyceride
- th, thyroid hormone
- thr, thyroid hormone receptor
- treg, regulatory t cells
- tzd, thiazolidinedione
- vldl, very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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21
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Karrouchi K, Radi S, Ramli Y, Taoufik J, Mabkhot YN, Al-Aizari FA, Ansar M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010134. [PMID: 29329257 PMCID: PMC6017056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically important active scaffold that possesses almost all types of pharmacological activities. The presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antipsychotic CDPPB, the anti-obesity drug rimonabant, difenamizole, an analgesic, betazole, a H2-receptor agonist and the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Owing to this diversity in the biological field, this nucleus has attracted the attention of many researchers to study its skeleton chemically and biologically. This review highlights the different synthesis methods and the pharmacological properties of pyrazole derivatives. Studies on the synthesis and biological activity of pyrazole derivatives developed by many scientists around the globe are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Karrouchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
- Physicochemical service, Drugs Quality Control Laboratory, Division of Drugs and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Smaail Radi
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Ramli
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jamal Taoufik
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiz A Al-Aizari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M'hammed Ansar
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
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22
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Karrouchi K, Radi S, Ramli Y, Taoufik J, Mabkhot YN, Al-Aizari FA, Ansar M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Pyrazole Derivatives: A Review. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29329257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically important active scaffold that possesses almost all types of pharmacological activities. The presence of this nucleus in pharmacological agents of diverse therapeutic categories such as celecoxib, a potent anti-inflammatory, the antipsychotic CDPPB, the anti-obesity drug rimonabant, difenamizole, an analgesic, betazole, a H2-receptor agonist and the antidepressant agent fezolamide have proved the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety. Owing to this diversity in the biological field, this nucleus has attracted the attention of many researchers to study its skeleton chemically and biologically. This review highlights the different synthesis methods and the pharmacological properties of pyrazole derivatives. Studies on the synthesis and biological activity of pyrazole derivatives developed by many scientists around the globe are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Karrouchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
- Physicochemical service, Drugs Quality Control Laboratory, Division of Drugs and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Smaail Radi
- LCAE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Ramli
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jamal Taoufik
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiz A Al-Aizari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M'hammed Ansar
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
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23
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Reis J, Gaspar A, Milhazes N, Borges F. Chromone as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7941-7957. [PMID: 28537720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of privileged structures in drug discovery has proven to be an effective strategy, allowing the generation of innovative hits/leads and successful optimization processes. Chromone is recognized as a privileged structure and a useful template for the design of novel compounds with potential pharmacological interest, particularly in the field of neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases as well as diabetes and cancer. This perspective provides the reader with an update of an earlier article entitled "Chromone: A Valid Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry" ( Chem. Rev. 2014 , 114 , 4960 - 4992 ) and is mainly focused on chromones of biological interest, including those isolated from natural sources. Moreover, as drug repurposing is becoming an attractive drug discovery approach, recent repurposing studies of chromone-based drugs are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Nuno Milhazes
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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24
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Blanco-Ania D, Heus R, Rutjes FPJT. Privileged heterocycles: bioactivity and synthesis of 1,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-containing compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017; 53:827-845. [PMID: 32214420 PMCID: PMC7088121 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biological activity and synthesis of 1,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes, including those ring-fused with arenes and heteroarenes and/or containing a carbonyl group at position 2. These compounds could be used for the treatment of obesity, pain, as well as various immune system, cell signaling, cardiovascular, and psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Heus
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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25
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The therapeutic voyage of pyrazole and its analogs: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:170-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Leung SSF, Sindhikara D, Jacobson MP. Simple Predictive Models of Passive Membrane Permeability Incorporating Size-Dependent Membrane-Water Partition. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:924-9. [PMID: 27135806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between passive permeability and molecular size, in the context of solubility-diffusion theory, using a diverse compound set with molecular weights ranging from 151 to 828, which have all been characterized in a consistent manner using the RRCK cell monolayer assay. Computationally, each compound was subjected to extensive conformational search and physics-based permeability prediction, and multiple linear regression analyses were subsequently performed to determine, empirically, the relative contributions of hydrophobicity and molecular size to passive permeation in the RRCK assay. Additional analyses of Log D and PAMPA data suggest that these measurements are not size selective, a possible reason for their sometimes weak correlation with cell-based permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried S F Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Daniel Sindhikara
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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27
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Meanwell NA. Improving Drug Design: An Update on Recent Applications of Efficiency Metrics, Strategies for Replacing Problematic Elements, and Compounds in Nontraditional Drug Space. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:564-616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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28
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Samuel VT, Shulman GI. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance: integrating signaling pathways and substrate flux. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:12-22. [PMID: 26727229 DOI: 10.1172/jci77812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance arises when the nutrient storage pathways evolved to maximize efficient energy utilization are exposed to chronic energy surplus. Ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle triggers pathways that impair insulin signaling, leading to reduced muscle glucose uptake and decreased hepatic glycogen synthesis. Muscle insulin resistance, due to ectopic lipid, precedes liver insulin resistance and diverts ingested glucose to the liver, resulting in increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis and hyperlipidemia. Subsequent macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to increased lipolysis, which further increases hepatic triglyceride synthesis and hyperlipidemia due to increased fatty acid esterification. Macrophage-induced WAT lipolysis also stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis, promoting fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia through increased fatty acid delivery to the liver, which results in increased hepatic acetyl-CoA content, a potent activator of pyruvate carboxylase, and increased glycerol conversion to glucose. These substrate-regulated processes are mostly independent of insulin signaling in the liver but are dependent on insulin signaling in WAT, which becomes defective with inflammation. Therapies that decrease ectopic lipid storage and diminish macrophage-induced WAT lipolysis will reverse the root causes of type 2 diabetes.
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29
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Biswal B, Mallick D, Bag B. Signaling preferences of substituted pyrrole coupled six-membered rhodamine spirocyclic probes for Hg2+ ion detection. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2241-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Six-membered spiro-ring expanded probes in rhodamine scaffolds exhibit Hg2+ ion specific dual mode signaling responses; specificity is achieved with tuning substituents on the appended pyrrole receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswonath Biswal
- Colloids and Materials Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
- Bhubaneswar-751 013
- India
| | - Debajani Mallick
- Colloids and Materials Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
- Bhubaneswar-751 013
- India
| | - Bamaprasad Bag
- Colloids and Materials Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
- Bhubaneswar-751 013
- India
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30
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Qiu Y, Ye Y, Song X, Zhu X, Yang F, Song B, Wang J, Hua H, He Y, Han Y, Liu X, Liang Y. Convenient and Highly Efficient Routes to 2
H
‐Chromene and 4‐Chromanone Derivatives: Iodine‐Promoted and
p
‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations of Propynols. Chemistry 2015; 21:3480-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Yu‐Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Xian‐Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Xin‐Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Hui‐Liang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Yu‐Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Ya‐Ping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Xue‐Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
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31
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Siau WY, Bode JW. One-Step Synthesis of Saturated Spirocyclic N-Heterocycles with Stannyl Amine Protocol (SnAP) Reagents and Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17726-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Yew Siau
- Laboratorium
für Organische
Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium
für Organische
Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Bourbeau MP, Bartberger MD. Recent advances in the development of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disease. J Med Chem 2014; 58:525-36. [PMID: 25333641 DOI: 10.1021/jm500695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disease has been pursued by the pharmaceutical industry for some time. A number of recent disclosures describing potent ACC inhibitors have been reported by multiple research groups. Unlike many prior publications in this area, more recent publications contain a significant amount of in vivo efficacy data generated by long-term experiments in rodent models of metabolic disease. Additionally, one compound has been advanced to human clinical studies. The results from these studies should allow researchers to better gauge the potential utility of ACC inhibition for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bourbeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, Inc. , 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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33
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The use of spirocyclic scaffolds in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3673-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Lamaziere A, Wolf C, Quinn PJ. How lipidomics provides new insight into drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:819-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.914026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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