1
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Latorraca NR, Sabaat S, Habrian C, Bleier J, Stanley C, Marqusee S, Isacoff EY. Domain coupling in activation of a family C GPCR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582567. [PMID: 38464305 PMCID: PMC10925283 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors form homodimers and heterodimers with highly diverse responses to glutamate and varying physiological function. The molecular basis for this diversity remains poorly delineated. We employ molecular dynamics, single-molecule spectroscopy, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange to dissect the pathway of activation triggered by glutamate. We find that activation entails multiple loosely coupled steps and identify a novel pre-active intermediate whose transition to the active state forms dimer interactions that set signaling efficacy. Such subunit interactions generate functional diversity that differs across homodimers and heterodimers. The agonist-bound receptor is remarkably dynamic, with low occupancy of G protein-coupling conformations, providing considerable headroom for modulation of the landscape by allosteric ligands. Sites of sequence diversity within the dimerization interface and diverse coupling between activation rearrangements may contribute to precise decoding of glutamate signals and transients over broad spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R. Latorraca
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Sam Sabaat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Chris Habrian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Julia Bleier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Cherise Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Susan Marqusee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
| | - Ehud Y. Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Molecular Biology & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Weill Neurohub, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720 USA
- Molecular Biology & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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2
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Staudt M, Liu N, Malhaire F, Doroudian Y, Prézeau L, Renard E, Hasanpour Z, Pin JP, Bunch L. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of conformationally restricted 2-amino-Adipic acid analogs and carboxycyclopropyl glycines as selective metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116157. [PMID: 38245976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein coupled receptors, which play a central role in modulating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the development of tool compounds thereto, continues to interest the scientific community. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of new conformationally restricted 2-aminoadipic acid (2AA) 2-4, and glutamic acid 5, 6 analogs, which share the cyclopropane ring as the restrictor. The analogs were characterized at rat mGlu1-8 in an IP-One functional assay. While the 2AA analogs 3a, 4a and CCG-I analog 5a were shown to be selective mGlu2 agonists with low micromolar potencies, CCG-II analog 5b was shown to be a potent full agonist at mGlu2 (EC50 = 82 nM) with ∼15-fold selectivity over mGlu3, >25-fold selectivity over group III, and >60-fold selectivity over group I subtypes. An in silico study was performed to address this significant change (>3500 fold) in potency upon introduction of this methyl group (L-CCG-II vs 5b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Yasaman Doroudian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Renard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Hasanpour
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Liu N, Eshak F, Malhaire F, Brabet I, Prézeau L, Renard E, Pin JP, Acher FC, Staudt M, Bunch L. Design, Synthesis, Pharmacology, and In Silico Studies of (1 S,2 S,3 S)-2-(( S)-Amino(carboxy)methyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid (LBG30300): A Picomolar Potency Subtype-Selective mGlu 2 Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1314-1326. [PMID: 38170918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors (mGlu receptors) play a key role in modulating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we report the structure-based design and pharmacological evaluation of densely functionalized, conformationally restricted glutamate analogue (1S,2S,3S)-2-((S)-amino(carboxy)methyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (LBG30300). LBG30300 was synthesized in a stereocontrolled fashion in nine steps from a commercially available optically active epoxide. Functional characterization of all eight mGlu receptor subtypes showed that LBG30300 is a picomolar agonist at mGlu2 with excellent selectivity over mGlu3 and the other six mGlu receptor subtypes. Bioavailability studies on mice (IV administration) confirm CNS exposure, and an in silico study predicts a binding mode of LBG30300 which induces a flipping of Tyr144 to allow for a salt bridge interaction of the acetate group with Arg271. The Tyr144 residue now prevents Arg271 from interacting with Asp146, which is a residue of differentiation between mGlu2 and mGlu3 and thus could explain the observed subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Floriane Eshak
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, SPPIN CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Brabet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Renard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Francine C Acher
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, SPPIN CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
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4
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Atsumi N, Yasumatsu K, Takashina Y, Ito C, Yasui N, Margolskee RF, Yamashita A. Chloride ions evoke taste sensations by binding to the extracellular ligand-binding domain of sweet/umami taste receptors. eLife 2023; 12:84291. [PMID: 36852482 PMCID: PMC9977269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt taste sensation is multifaceted: NaCl at low or high concentrations is preferably or aversively perceived through distinct pathways. Cl- is thought to participate in taste sensation through an unknown mechanism. Here, we describe Cl- ion binding and the response of taste receptor type 1 (T1r), a receptor family composing sweet/umami receptors. The T1r2a/T1r3 heterodimer from the medaka fish, currently the sole T1r amenable to structural analyses, exhibited a specific Cl- binding in the vicinity of the amino-acid-binding site in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of T1r3, which is likely conserved across species, including human T1r3. The Cl- binding induced a conformational change in T1r2a/T1r3LBD at sub- to low-mM concentrations, similar to canonical taste substances. Furthermore, oral Cl- application to mice increased impulse frequencies of taste nerves connected to T1r-expressing taste cells and promoted their behavioral preferences attenuated by a T1r-specific blocker or T1r3 knock-out. These results suggest that the Cl- evokes taste sensations by binding to T1r, thereby serving as another preferred salt taste pathway at a low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Atsumi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Keiko Yasumatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
- Tokyo Dental Junior CollegeTokyoJapan
- Monell Chemical Senses CenterPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yuriko Takashina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Chiaki Ito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Norihisa Yasui
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | | | - Atsuko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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5
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Acher FC, Cabayé A, Eshak F, Goupil-Lamy A, Pin JP. Metabotropic glutamate receptor orthosteric ligands and their binding sites. Neuropharmacology 2022; 204:108886. [PMID: 34813860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been discovered almost four decades ago. Since then, their pharmacology has been largely developed as well as their structural organization. Indeed mGluRs are attractive therapeutic targets for numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders because of their modulating role of synaptic transmission. The more recent drug discovery programs have mostly concentrated on allosteric modulators. However, orthosteric agonists and antagonists have remained unavoidable pharmacological tools as, although not expected, many of them can reach the brain, or can be modified to reach the brain. This review focuses on the most common orthosteric ligands as well as on the few allosteric modulators interacting with the glutamate binding domain. The 3D-structures of these ligands at their binding sites are reported. For most of them, X-Ray structures or docked homology models are available. Because of the high conservation of the binding site, subtype selective agonists were not easy to find. Yet, some were discovered when extending their chemical structures in order to reach selective sites of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine C Acher
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | - Alexandre Cabayé
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France; BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, F-78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Floriane Eshak
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Anne Goupil-Lamy
- BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, F-78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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6
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McCullock TW, Kammermeier PJ. The evidence for and consequences of metabotropic glutamate receptor heterodimerization. Neuropharmacology 2021; 199:108801. [PMID: 34547332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are an essential component of the mammalian central nervous system. These receptors modulate neuronal excitability in response to extracellular glutamate through the activation of intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins. Like most other class C G protein-coupled receptors, mGluRs function as obligate dimer proteins, meaning they need to form dimer complexes before becoming functional receptors. All mGluRs possess the ability to homodimerize, but studies over the past ten years have demonstrated these receptors are also capable of forming heterodimers in specific patterns. These mGluR heterodimers appear to have their own unique biophysical behavior and pharmacology with both native and synthetic compounds with few rules having been identified that allow for prediction of the consequences of any particular mGluR pair forming heterodimers. Here, we review the relevant literature demonstrating the existence and consequences of mGluR heterodimerization. By collecting biophysical and pharmacological data of several mGluR heterodimers we demonstrate the lack of generalizable behavior of these complexes indicating that each individual dimeric pair needs to be investigated independently. Additionally, by combining sequence alignment and structural analysis, we propose that interactions between the β4-A Helix Loop and the D Helix in the extracellular domain of these receptors are the structural components that dictate heterodimerization compatibility. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of mGluR heterodimerization from the viewpoints of further developing our understanding of neuronal physiology and leveraging mGluRs as a therapeutic target for the treatment of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W McCullock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Paul J Kammermeier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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7
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Lin S, Han S, Cai X, Tan Q, Zhou K, Wang D, Wang X, Du J, Yi C, Chu X, Dai A, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liu H, Liu J, Yang D, Wang MW, Zhao Q, Wu B. Structures of G i-bound metabotropic glutamate receptors mGlu2 and mGlu4. Nature 2021; 594:583-588. [PMID: 34135510 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) have key roles in modulating cell excitability and synaptic transmission in response to glutamate (the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system)1. It has previously been suggested that only one receptor subunit within an mGlu homodimer is responsible for coupling to G protein during receptor activation2. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the asymmetric signalling of mGlus remains unknown. Here we report two cryo-electron microscopy structures of human mGlu2 and mGlu4 bound to heterotrimeric Gi protein. The structures reveal a G-protein-binding site formed by three intracellular loops and helices III and IV that is distinct from the corresponding binding site in all of the other G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures. Furthermore, we observed an asymmetric dimer interface of the transmembrane domain of the receptor in the two mGlu-Gi structures. We confirmed that the asymmetric dimerization is crucial for receptor activation, which was supported by functional data; this dimerization may provide a molecular basis for the asymmetric signal transduction of mGlus. These findings offer insights into receptor signalling of class C GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxiang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexiu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejian Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiying Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Zhongshan Branch, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
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9
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Bian Y, Jun JJ, Cuyler J, Xie XQ. Covalent allosteric modulation: An emerging strategy for GPCRs drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112690. [PMID: 32818870 PMCID: PMC9948676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Designing covalent allosteric modulators brings new opportunities to the field of drug discovery towards G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Targeting an allosteric binding pocket can allow a modulator to have protein subtype selectivity and low drug resistance. Utilizing covalent warheads further enables the modulator to increase the binding potency and extend the duration of action. This review starts with GPCR allosteric modulation to discuss the structural biology of allosteric binding pockets, the different types of allosteric modulators, as well as the advantages of employing allosteric modulation. This is followed by a discussion on covalent modulators to clarify how covalent ligands can benefit the receptor modulation and to illustrate moieties that can commonly be used as covalent warheads. Finally, case studies are presented on designing class A, B, and C GPCR covalent allosteric modulators to demonstrate successful stories on combining allosteric modulation and covalent binding. Limitations and future perspectives are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Bian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research
| | - Jaden Jungho Jun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research
| | - Jacob Cuyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy,NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States; NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States; Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States.
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10
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Kurth M, Lolicato F, Sandoval-Perez A, Amaya-Espinosa H, Teslenko A, Sinning I, Beck R, Brügger B, Aponte-Santamaría C. Cholesterol Localization around the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9061-9078. [PMID: 32954729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2 plays a key role in the central nervous system. mGluR2 has been shown to be regulated by its surrounding lipid environment, especially by cholesterol, by an unknown mechanism. Here, using a combination of biochemical approaches, photo-cross-linking experiments, and molecular dynamics simulations we show the interaction of cholesterol with at least two, but potentially five more, preferential sites on the mGluR2 transmembrane domain. Our simulations demonstrate that surface matching, rather than electrostatic interactions with specific amino acids, is the main factor defining cholesterol localization. Moreover, the cholesterol localization observed here is similar to the sterol-binding pattern previously described in silico for other members of the mGluR family. Biochemical assays suggest little influence of cholesterol on trafficking or dimerization of mGluR2. Nevertheless, simulations revealed a significant reduction of residue-residue contacts together with an alteration in the internal mechanical stress at the cytoplasmic side of the helical bundle when cholesterol was present in the membrane. These alterations may be related to destabilization of the basal state of mGluR2. Due to the high sequence conservation of the transmembrane domains of mGluRs, the molecular interaction of cholesterol and mGluR2 described here is also likely to be relevant for other members of the mGLuR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kurth
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Lolicato
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelica Sandoval-Perez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Helman Amaya-Espinosa
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Teslenko
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Beck
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Forstenpointner J, Berry D, Baron R, Borsook D. The cornucopia of central disinhibition pain - An evaluation of past and novel concepts. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105041. [PMID: 32800994 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central disinhibition (CD), as applied to pain, decreases thresholds of endogenous systems. This provokes onset of spontaneous or evoked pain in an individual beyond the ability of the nervous system to inhibit pain resulting from a disease or tissue damage. The original CD concept as proposed by Craig entails a shift from the lateral pain pathway (i.e. discriminative pain processing) towards the medial pain pathway (i.e. emotional pain processing), within an otherwise neurophysiological intact environment. In this review, the original CD concept as proposed by Craig is extended by the primary "nociceptive pathway damage - CD" concept and the secondary "central pathway set point - CD". Thereby, the original concept may be transferred into anatomical and psychological non-functional conditions. We provide examples for either primary or secondary CD concepts within different clinical etiologies as well as present surrogate models, which directly mimic the underlying pathophysiology (A-fiber block) or modulate the CD pathway excitability (thermal grill). The thermal grill has especially shown promising advancements, which may be useful to examine CD pathway activation in the future. Therefore, within this topical review, a systematic review on the thermal grill illusion is intended to stimulate future research. Finally, the authors review different mechanism-based treatment approaches to combat CD pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Forstenpointner
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Delany Berry
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralf Baron
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Severina HI, Georgiyants VA, Kovalenko SM, Avdeeva NV, Yarcev AI, Prohoda SN. Molecular docking studies of N-substituted 4-methoxy-6-oxo-1-aryl-pyridazine-3-carboxamide derivatives as potential modulators of glutamate receptors. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.52026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The virtual target-oriented screening is a necessary stage of modern drug-design. In the present study, the affinity of pyridazine derivatives for the most promising antiparkinsonian biotargets – I–III groups of metabotropic and ionotropic NMDA-glutamate receptors – was evaluated.
Materials and methods: Docking of the studied ligands to the active sites of biotargets – mGluR5, mGluR3, mGluR8, NMDA GluN2B – was performed using AutoDockVina. Base of the preparation of ligands and proteins – AutoDockTools-1.5.6. A Discovery Studio Visualizer 2017/R2 was used to visualize the interpretation of the results.
Results and discussion: A high degree of the affinity is predicted for group III of the metabotropic mGlu8 receptors – binding energy from -5.0 to -8.7 kcal/mol, compared to -6.1 kcal/mol of that of the reference drug (L-AP4), as well as for the ionotropic NMDA GluN2B receptors –binding energy from -8.7 to -11.6 kcal/mol, compared to -11.3 kcal/mol of that of ifenprodil.
Conclusion: The prospects of the searching for glutamate receptor modulators in a number of n-substituted 4-methoxy-6-oxo-1-aryl-pyridazine-3-carboxamide derivatives are proved. Some aspects of the structure-affinity relationship are discussed.
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13
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Pérez-Benito L, Llinas del Torrent C, Pardo L, Tresadern G. The computational modeling of allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. FROM STRUCTURE TO CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT: ALLOSTERIC MODULATION OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS 2020; 88:1-33. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Hao J, Chen Q. Insights into the Structural Aspects of the mGlu Receptor Orthosteric Binding Site. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2421-2446. [PMID: 31660833 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191011094935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The amino terminal domain (ATD) of the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors contains the orthosteric glutamate recognition site, which is highly conserved across the eight mGlu receptor subtypes. In total, 29 X-ray crystal structures of the mGlu ATD proteins have been reported to date. These structures span across 3 subgroups and 6 subtypes, and include apo, agonist- and antagonist-bound structures. We will discuss the insights gained from the analysis of these structures with the focus on the interactions contributing to the observed group and subtype selectivity for select agonists. Furthermore, we will define the full expanded orthosteric ligand binding pocket (LBP) of the mGlu receptors, and discuss the macroscopic features of the mGlu ATD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Hao
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Laboratory, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Laboratory, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
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15
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16
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Llinas Del Torrent C, Pérez-Benito L, Tresadern G. Computational Drug Design Applied to the Study of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061098. [PMID: 30897742 PMCID: PMC6470756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are a family of eight GPCRs that are attractive drug discovery targets to modulate glutamate action and response. Here we review the application of computational methods to the study of this family of receptors. X-ray structures of the extracellular and 7-transmembrane domains have played an important role to enable structure-based modeling approaches, whilst we also discuss the successful application of ligand-based methods. We summarize the literature and highlight the areas where modeling and experiment have delivered important understanding for mGlu receptor drug discovery. Finally, we offer suggestions of future areas of opportunity for computational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Llinas Del Torrent
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Laura Pérez-Benito
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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17
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Hao J, Chen Q. On the origin of the 2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate scaffold's unique group II selectivity for the mGlu receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:297-301. [PMID: 30470494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Analogs based on the 2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate scaffold showed high potency and selectivity as both group II mGlu receptors orthosteric agonists and antagonists. This scaffold was initially designed to mimic the fully extended glutamate backbone conformation that was hypothesized to be the active conformation for the group II mGlu receptors. With the availability of crystal structures of l-Glu-bound amino terminal domain proteins from multiple mGlu receptor subtypes spanning all three subgroups, a new steric hindrance hypothesis was proposed to account for the scaffold's unique group II selectivity that explores the subtle distance differences between the α-carbon of l-Glu and the center of the tyrosine phenyl ring from the bottom lobe (e.g. Y216 of mGlu2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Hao
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Qi Chen
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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18
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Pereira V, Goudet C. Emerging Trends in Pain Modulation by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:464. [PMID: 30662395 PMCID: PMC6328474 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is an essential protective mechanism meant to prevent tissue damages in organisms. On the other hand, chronic or persistent pain caused, for example, by inflammation or nerve injury is long lasting and responsible for long-term disability in patients. Therefore, chronic pain and its management represents a major public health problem. Hence, it is critical to better understand chronic pain molecular mechanisms to develop innovative and efficient drugs. Over the past decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated a pivotal role of glutamate in pain sensation and transmission, supporting glutamate receptors as promising potential targets for pain relieving drug development. Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Once released into the synapse, glutamate acts through ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels triggering fast excitatory neurotransmission, and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are G protein-coupled receptors modulating synaptic transmission. Eight mGluRs subtypes have been identified and are divided into three classes based on their sequence similarities and their pharmacological and biochemical properties. Of note, all mGluR subtypes (except mGlu6 receptor) are expressed within the nociceptive pathways where they modulate pain transmission. This review will address the role of mGluRs in acute and persistent pain processing and emerging pharmacotherapies for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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19
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20
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Kumata K, Hatori A, Yamasaki T, Zhang Y, Mori W, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Nengaki N, Zhang MR. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(2-fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methoxy)picolinamide for PET imaging of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 in the rat brain. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:483-491. [PMID: 30611634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) has been suggested as a therapeutic target for treating schizophrenia-like symptoms arising from increased glutamate transmission in the human forebrain. However, no reliable positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer allowing for in vivo visualization of mGluR2 in the human brain is currently available. In this study, we synthesized 4-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methoxy)picolinamide ([11C]1) and evaluated its potential as a PET tracer for imaging mGluR2 in the rodent brain. Compound 1, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mGluR2, showed high in vitro binding affinity (IC50: 26 nM) for mGluR2 overexpressed in human cells. [11C]1 was synthesized by O-[11C]methylation of the phenol precursor 2 with [11C]methyl iodide. After the reaction, HPLC purification and formulation, [11C]1 of 7.4 ± 2.8 GBq (n = 8) was obtained from [11C]carbon dioxide of 22.5 ± 4.8 GBq (n = 8) with >99% radiochemical purity and 70 ± 32 GBq/μmol (n = 8) molar activity at the end of synthesis. In vitro autoradiography for rat brains showed that [11C]1 binding was heterogeneously distributed in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. This pattern is consistent with the regional distribution pattern of mGluR2 in the rodent brain. The radioactivity was significantly reduced by self- or MNI-137 (a mGluR2 NAM) blocking. Small-animal PET studies indicated a low in vivo specific binding of [11C]1 in the rat brain. The brain uptake was increased in a P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistant protein double knockout mouse, when compared to a wild-type mouse. While [11C]1 presented limited potential as an in vivo PET tracer for mGluR2, we suggested that it can be used as a lead compound for developing new radiotracers with improved in vivo brain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Services Co., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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21
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Chen Q, Ho JD, Ashok S, Vargas MC, Wang J, Atwell S, Bures M, Schkeryantz JM, Monn JA, Hao J. Structural Basis for ( S)-3,4-Dicarboxyphenylglycine (DCPG) As a Potent and Subtype Selective Agonist of the mGlu 8 Receptor. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10040-10052. [PMID: 30365309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
( S)-3,4-Dicarboxyphenylglycine (DCPG) was first reported in 2001 as a potent orthosteric agonist with high subtype selectivity for the mGlu8 receptor, but the structural basis for its high selectivity is not well understood. We have solved a cocrystal structure of recombinant human mGlu8 amino terminal domain (ATD) protein bound to ( S)-DCPG, which possesses the largest lobe opening angle observed to date among known agonist-bound mGlu ATD crystal structures. The binding conformation of ( S)-DCPG observed in the crystal structure is significantly different from that in the homology model built from an l-glutamate-bound rat mGlu1 ATD crystal structure, which has a smaller lobe opening angle. This highlights the importance of considering various lobe opening angles when modeling mGlu ATD-ligand complex. New homology models of other mGlu receptors based on the ( S)-DCPG-bound mGlu8 ATD crystal structure were explored to rationalize ( S)-DCPG's high mGlu8 receptor subtype selectivity.
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22
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Doornbos ML, Vermond SC, Lavreysen H, Tresadern G, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Impact of allosteric modulation: Exploring the binding kinetics of glutamate and other orthosteric ligands of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:356-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Tora AS, Rovira X, Cao AM, Cabayé A, Olofsson L, Malhaire F, Scholler P, Baik H, Van Eeckhaut A, Smolders I, Rondard P, Margeat E, Acher F, Pin JP, Goudet C. Chloride ions stabilize the glutamate-induced active state of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:275-286. [PMID: 30102917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the essential roles of glutamate, detection and response to a large range of extracellular concentrations of this excitatory amino acid are necessary for the fine-tuning of brain functions. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are implicated in shaping the activity of many synapses in the central nervous system. Among the eight mGluR subtypes, there is increasing interest in studying the mGlu3 receptor which has recently been linked to various diseases, including psychiatric disorders. This receptor displays striking functional properties, with a high and, often, full basal activity, making its study elusive in heterologous systems. Here, we demonstrate that Cl- ions exert strong positive allosteric modulation of glutamate on the mGlu3 receptor. We have also identified the molecular and structural determinants lying behind this allostery: a unique interactive "chloride-lock" network. Indeed, Cl- ions dramatically stabilize the glutamate-induced active state of the extracellular domain of the mGlu3 receptor. Thus, the mGlu3 receptors' large basal activity does not correspond to a constitutive activity in absence of agonist. Instead, it results mostly from a Cl-mediated amplified response to low ambient glutamate concentrations, such as those measured in cell media. This strong interaction between glutamate and Cl- ions allows the mGlu3 receptor to sense and efficiently react to sub-micromolar concentrations of glutamate, making it the most sensitive member of mGluR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie S Tora
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France; Present Address: Molecular Photopharmacology Research Group, The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, C. de La Laura,13, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Anne-Marinette Cao
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Cabayé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75270, Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Linnéa Olofsson
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Scholler
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Hayeon Baik
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR/FASC), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR/FASC), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Philippe Rondard
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75270, Paris Cedex 6, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
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Shao J, Chen W, Zhao M, Shu K, Liu H, Tang P. Substrate-Controlled Synthesis of Spirocyclopropylpyrazolones and Bicyclic 4,5-Dihydropyrazoles from 1,2-Diaza-1,3-dienes with Sulfur Ylides. Org Lett 2018; 20:3992-3995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Wenteng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Zhao
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ke Shu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Pai Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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25
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Doornbos ML, Van der Linden I, Vereyken L, Tresadern G, IJzerman AP, Lavreysen H, Heitman LH. Constitutive activity of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 explored with a whole-cell label-free biosensor. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Doornbos MLJ, Wang X, Vermond SC, Peeters L, Pérez-Benito L, Trabanco AA, Lavreysen H, Cid JM, Heitman LH, Tresadern G, IJzerman AP. Covalent Allosteric Probe for the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization. J Med Chem 2018; 62:223-233. [PMID: 29494768 PMCID: PMC6331142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Covalent labeling
of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by small
molecules is a powerful approach to understand binding modes, mechanism
of action, pharmacology, and even facilitate structure elucidation.
We report the first covalent positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for
a class C GPCR, the mGlu2 receptor. Three putatively covalent
mGlu2 PAMs were designed and synthesized. Pharmacological
characterization identified 2 to bind the receptor covalently.
Computational modeling combined with receptor mutagenesis revealed
T7917.29×30 as the likely position of covalent interaction.
We show how this covalent ligand can be used to characterize the PAM
binding mode and that it is a valuable tool compound in studying receptor
function and binding kinetics. Our findings advance the understanding
of the mGlu2 PAM interaction and suggest that 2 is a valuable probe for further structural and chemical biology
approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten L J Doornbos
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C Vermond
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Luc Peeters
- Janssen Research and Development , Turnhoutseweg 30 , 2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Laura Pérez-Benito
- Janssen Research and Development , Calle Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain.,Laboratori de Medicina Computacional Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Janssen Research and Development , Calle Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Janssen Research and Development , Turnhoutseweg 30 , 2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - José María Cid
- Janssen Research and Development , Calle Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Janssen Research and Development , Calle Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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Monn JA, Henry SS, Massey SM, Clawson DK, Chen Q, Diseroad BA, Bhardwaj RM, Atwell S, Lu F, Wang J, Russell M, Heinz BA, Wang XS, Carter JH, Getman BG, Adragni K, Broad LM, Sanger HE, Ursu D, Catlow JT, Swanson S, Johnson BG, Shaw DB, McKinzie DL, Hao J. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4 β-Amide-Substituted 2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1 S,2 S,4 S,5 R,6 S)-2-Amino-4-[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2794193), a Highly Potent and Selective mGlu 3 Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2303-2328. [PMID: 29350927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic opportunities have been suggested for compounds capable of selective activation of metabotropic glutamate 3 (mGlu3) receptors, but small molecule tools are lacking. As part of our ongoing efforts to identify potent, selective, and systemically bioavailable agonists for mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor subtypes, a series of C4β-N-linked variants of (1 S,2 S,5 R,6 S)-2-amino-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 1 (LY354740) were prepared and evaluated for both mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor binding affinity and functional cellular responses. From this investigation we identified (1 S,2 S,4 S,5 R,6 S)-2-amino-4-[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 8p (LY2794193), a molecule that demonstrates remarkable mGlu3 receptor selectivity. Crystallization of 8p with the amino terminal domain of hmGlu3 revealed critical binding interactions for this ligand with residues adjacent to the glutamate binding site, while pharmacokinetic assessment of 8p combined with its effect in an mGlu2 receptor-dependent behavioral model provides estimates for doses of this compound that would be expected to selectively engage and activate central mGlu3 receptors in vivo.
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Selvam C, Lemasson IA, Brabet I, Oueslati N, Karaman B, Cabaye A, Tora AS, Commare B, Courtiol T, Cesarini S, McCort-Tranchepain I, Rigault D, Mony L, Bessiron T, McLean H, Leroux FR, Colobert F, Daniel H, Goupil-Lamy A, Bertrand HO, Goudet C, Pin JP, Acher FC. Increased Potency and Selectivity for Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Binding at Dual sites. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1969-1989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah Selvam
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle A. Lemasson
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle Brabet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Nadia Oueslati
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Berin Karaman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Alexandre Cabaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Amélie S. Tora
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Commare
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
- UMR 7509/CNRS/ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg 02, France
| | - Tiphanie Courtiol
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Sara Cesarini
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle McCort-Tranchepain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Delphine Rigault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Laetitia Mony
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
- Institut de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, PSL University, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bessiron
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/NeuroPSI−UMR 9197, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Heather McLean
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/NeuroPSI−UMR 9197, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric R. Leroux
- UMR 7509/CNRS/ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg 02, France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- UMR 7509/CNRS/ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg 02, France
| | - Hervé Daniel
- Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/NeuroPSI−UMR 9197, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne Goupil-Lamy
- BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, 10 rue Marcel Dassault, CS 40501, 78946 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Hugues-Olivier Bertrand
- BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, 10 rue Marcel Dassault, CS 40501, 78946 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Francine C. Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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Determination of L-AP4-bound human mGlu8 receptor amino terminal domain structure and the molecular basis for L-AP4’s group III mGlu receptor functional potency and selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:612-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Scholler P, Nevoltris D, de Bundel D, Bossi S, Moreno-Delgado D, Rovira X, Møller TC, El Moustaine D, Mathieu M, Blanc E, McLean H, Dupuis E, Mathis G, Trinquet E, Daniel H, Valjent E, Baty D, Chames P, Rondard P, Pin JP. Allosteric nanobodies uncover a role of hippocampal mGlu2 receptor homodimers in contextual fear consolidation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1967. [PMID: 29213077 PMCID: PMC5719040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have enormous therapeutic and biotechnology potential. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the main targets in drug development, are of major interest in antibody development programs. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are dimeric GPCRs that can control synaptic activity in a multitude of ways. Here we identify llama nanobodies that specifically recognize mGlu2 receptors, among the eight subtypes of mGluR subunits. Among these nanobodies, DN10 and 13 are positive allosteric modulators (PAM) on homodimeric mGlu2, while DN10 displays also a significant partial agonist activity. DN10 and DN13 have no effect on mGlu2-3 and mGlu2-4 heterodimers. These PAMs enhance the inhibitory action of the orthosteric mGlu2/mGlu3 agonist, DCG-IV, at mossy fiber terminals in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices. DN13 also impairs contextual fear memory when injected in the CA3 region of hippocampal region. These data highlight the potential of developing antibodies with allosteric actions on GPCRs to better define their roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Scholler
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
- Cisbio Bioassays, F-30200, Codolet, France
| | - Damien Nevoltris
- Cisbio Bioassays, F-30200, Codolet, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Dimitri de Bundel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Bossi
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - David Moreno-Delgado
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Thor C Møller
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Driss El Moustaine
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Michaël Mathieu
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanc
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Heather McLean
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Daniel
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
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Konnert L, Lamaty F, Martinez J, Colacino E. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28644621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Konnert
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Evelina Colacino
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Johnson MP, Muhlhauser MA, Nisenbaum ES, Simmons RMA, Forster BM, Knopp KL, Yang L, Morrow D, Li DL, Kennedy JD, Swanson S, Monn JA. Broad spectrum efficacy with LY2969822, an oral prodrug of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747, in rodent pain models. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:822-835. [PMID: 28177520 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A body of evidence suggests activation of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3 ) receptors would be an effective analgesic in chronic pain conditions. Thus, the analgesic properties of a novel mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH After oral absorption, the prodrug LY2969822 rapidly converts to the brain penetrant, potent and subtype-selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747. Behavioural assessments of allodynia, hyperalgesia and nocifensive behaviours were determined in preclinical pain models after administration of LY2969822 0.3-10 mg·kg-1 . In addition, the ability of i.v. LY2934747 to modulate dorsal horn spinal cord wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats was assessed. KEY RESULTS Following treatment with LY2934747, the spontaneous activity and electrically-evoked wind-up of WDR neurons in rats that had undergone spinal nerve ligation and developed mechanical allodynia were suppressed. In a model of sensitization, orally administered LY2969822 prevented the nociceptive behaviours induced by an intraplantar injection of formalin. The on-target nature of this effect was confirmed by blockade with an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist. LY2969822 prevented capsaicin-induced tactile hypersensitivity, reversed the SNL-induced tactile hypersensitivity and reversed complete Freund's adjuvant - induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug demonstrated efficacy in visceral pain models, including a colorectal distension model and partially prevented the nocifensive behaviours in the mouse acetic acid writhing model. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Following oral administration of the prodrug LY2969822, the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747 was formed and this attenuated pain behaviours across a broad range of preclinical pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Johnson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark A Muhlhauser
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric S Nisenbaum
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rosa M A Simmons
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Beth M Forster
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly L Knopp
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Denise Morrow
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dominic L Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Kennedy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven Swanson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James A Monn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Jin C, Ma S. Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of group II and group III mGlu receptors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:501-515. [PMID: 30108768 PMCID: PMC6072351 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors superfamily. They are divided into three groups, in which group II and group III belong to presynaptic receptors that negatively modulate glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release when activated. In this review, we introduce not only the functions of mGlu receptors, but also the group II and group III allosteric modulators and agonists/antagonists reported over the past five years according to a classification of their structures, with a specific focus on their biological activity and selectivity. In particular, the structure of these compounds and the future directions of ideal candidates are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
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Leach K, Gregory KJ. Molecular insights into allosteric modulation of Class C G protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacol Res 2017; 116:105-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Witkin JM, Mitchell SN, Wafford KA, Carter G, Gilmour G, Li J, Eastwood BJ, Overshiner C, Li X, Rorick-Kehn L, Rasmussen K, Anderson WH, Nikolayev A, Tolstikov VV, Kuo MS, Catlow JT, Li R, Smith SC, Mitch CH, Ornstein PL, Swanson S, Monn JA. Comparative Effects of LY3020371, a Potent and Selective Metabotropic Glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 Receptor Antagonist, and Ketamine, a Noncompetitive N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist in Rodents: Evidence Supporting the Use of mGlu2/3 Antagonists, for the Treatment of Depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:68-86. [PMID: 28138040 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine to alleviate symptoms in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is well documented. In this paper, we directly compare in vivo biologic responses in rodents elicited by a recently discovered metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor antagonist 2-amino-3-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-4-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY3020371) with those produced by ketamine. Both LY3020371 and ketamine increased the number of spontaneously active dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area of anesthetized rats, increased O2 in the anterior cingulate cortex, promoted wakefulness, enhanced the efflux of biogenic amines in the prefrontal cortex, and produced antidepressant-related behavioral effects in rodent models. The ability of LY3020371 to produce antidepressant-like effects in the forced-swim assay in rats was associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug levels that matched concentrations required for functional antagonist activity in native rat brain tissue preparations. Metabolomic pathway analyses from analytes recovered from rat CSF and hippocampus demonstrated that both LY3020371 and ketamine activated common pathways involving GRIA2 and ADORA1. A diester analog of LY3020371 [bis(((isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy)-methyl) (1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-(((3,4-difluorophenyl)thio)methyl)-4-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY3027788)] was an effective oral prodrug; when given orally, it recapitulated effects of intravenous doses of LY3020371 in the forced-swim and wake-promotion assays, and augmented the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine or citalopram without altering plasma or brain levels of these compounds. The broad overlap of biologic responses produced by LY3020371 and ketamine supports the hypothesis that mGlu2/3 receptor blockade might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of TRD patients. LY3020371 and LY3027788 represent molecules that are ready for clinical tests of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Witkin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - S N Mitchell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - K A Wafford
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - G Carter
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - G Gilmour
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - J Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - B J Eastwood
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - C Overshiner
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - X Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - L Rorick-Kehn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - K Rasmussen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - W H Anderson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - A Nikolayev
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - V V Tolstikov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - M-S Kuo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - J T Catlow
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - R Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - S C Smith
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - C H Mitch
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - P L Ornstein
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - S Swanson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - J A Monn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
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Chappell MD, Li R, Smith SC, Dressman BA, Tromiczak EG, Tripp AE, Blanco MJ, Vetman T, Quimby SJ, Matt J, Britton TC, Fivush AM, Schkeryantz JM, Mayhugh D, Erickson JA, Bures MG, Jaramillo C, Carpintero M, Diego JED, Barberis M, Garcia-Cerrada S, Soriano JF, Antonysamy S, Atwell S, MacEwan I, Condon B, Sougias C, Wang J, Zhang A, Conners K, Groshong C, Wasserman SR, Koss JW, Witkin JM, Li X, Overshiner C, Wafford KA, Seidel W, Wang XS, Heinz BA, Swanson S, Catlow JT, Bedwell DW, Monn JA, Mitch CH, Ornstein PL. Discovery of (1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-Amino-3-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-4-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (LY3020371·HCl): A Potent, Metabotropic Glutamate 2/3 Receptor Antagonist with Antidepressant-Like Activity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10974-10993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Discovery
Chemistry Synthesis Group, Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30 Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Mercedes Carpintero
- Discovery
Chemistry Synthesis Group, Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30 Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - José Eugenio de Diego
- Discovery
Chemistry Synthesis Group, Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30 Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Mario Barberis
- Discovery
Chemistry Synthesis Group, Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30 Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Susana Garcia-Cerrada
- Discovery
Chemistry Synthesis Group, Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30 Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - José F. Soriano
- Discovery
Chemistry Synthesis Group, Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. Avda. de la Industria, 30 Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Stephen Antonysamy
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shane Atwell
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Iain MacEwan
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bradley Condon
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christine Sougias
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kris Conners
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chris Groshong
- Structural
Biology, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen R. Wasserman
- Structural Biology,
Eli Lilly and Company, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Building 438A, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - John W. Koss
- Structural Biology,
Eli Lilly and Company, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Building 438A, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | | | - Keith A. Wafford
- Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, U.K. GU20 6PH
| | - Wesley Seidel
- Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, U.K. GU20 6PH
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Malik R, Mehta P, Srivastava S, Choudhary BS, Sharma M. Structure-based screening, ADMET profiling, and molecular dynamic studies on mGlu2 receptor for identification of newer antiepileptic agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3433-3448. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1257440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Pakhuri Mehta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Bhanwar Singh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala, Haryana 134007, India
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38
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Dressman BA, Tromiczak EG, Chappell MD, Tripp AE, Quimby SJ, Vetman T, Fivush AM, Matt J, Jaramillo C, Li R, Khilevich A, Blanco MJ, Smith SC, Carpintero M, de Diego JE, Barberis M, García-Cerrada S, Soriano JF, Schkeryantz JM, Witkin JM, Wafford KA, Seidel W, Britton T, Overshiner CD, Li X, Wang XS, Heinz BA, Catlow JT, Swanson S, Bedwell D, Ornstein PL, Mitch CH. Novel bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane analogs as antagonists of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptors for the treatment of depression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5663-5668. [PMID: 27836401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Negative modulators of metabotropic glutamate 2 & 3 receptors demonstrate antidepressant-like activity in animal models and hold promise as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein we describe our efforts to prepare and optimize a series of conformationally constrained 3,4-disubstituted bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane glutamic acid analogs as orthosteric (glutamate site) mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. This work led to the discovery of a highly potent and efficacious tool compound 18 (hmGlu2 IC50 46±14.2nM, hmGlu3 IC50=46.1±36.2nM). Compound 18 showed activity in the mouse forced swim test with a minimal effective dose (MED) of 1mg/kg ip. While in rat EEG studies it exhibited wake promoting effects at 3 and 10mg/kg ip without any significant effects on locomotor activity. Compound 18 thus represents a novel tool molecule for studying the impact of blocking mGlu2/3 receptors both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Dressman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Eric G Tromiczak
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Mark D Chappell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Allie E Tripp
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Steven J Quimby
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Tatiana Vetman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Adam M Fivush
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - James Matt
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Renhua Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Albert Khilevich
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Maria-Jesus Blanco
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Stephon C Smith
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | - Mario Barberis
- Avenida de la Industria, 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José F Soriano
- Avenida de la Industria, 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jeffrey M Witkin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Britton
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Carl D Overshiner
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Xu-Shan Wang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Beverly A Heinz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - John T Catlow
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Steven Swanson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - David Bedwell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Paul L Ornstein
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Charles H Mitch
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Abstract
Unusual amino acids are fundamental building blocks of modern medicinal chemistry. The combination of readily functionalized amine and carboxyl groups attached to a chiral central core along with one or two potentially diverse side chains provides a unique three-dimensional structure with a high degree of functionality. This makes them invaluable as starting materials for syntheses of complex molecules, highly diverse elements for SAR campaigns, integral components of peptidomimetic drugs, and potential drugs on their own. This Perspective highlights the diversity of unnatural amino acid structures found in hit-to-lead and lead optimization campaigns and clinical stage and approved drugs, reflecting their increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland Australia 4072
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40
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Zhang C, Zhang T, Zou J, Miller CL, Gorkhali R, Yang JY, Schilmiller A, Wang S, Huang K, Brown EM, Moremen KW, Hu J, Yang JJ. Structural basis for regulation of human calcium-sensing receptor by magnesium ions and an unexpected tryptophan derivative co-agonist. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600241. [PMID: 27386547 PMCID: PMC4928972 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-sensing receptors (CaSRs) modulate calcium and magnesium homeostasis and many (patho)physiological processes by responding to extracellular stimuli, including divalent cations and amino acids. We report the first crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ECD) of human CaSR bound with Mg(2+) and a tryptophan derivative ligand at 2.1 Å. The structure reveals key determinants for cooperative activation by metal ions and aromatic amino acids. The unexpected tryptophan derivative was bound in the hinge region between two globular ECD subdomains, and represents a novel high-affinity co-agonist of CaSR. The dissection of structure-function relations by mutagenesis, biochemical, and functional studies provides insights into the molecular basis of human diseases arising from CaSR mutations. The data also provide a novel paradigm for understanding the mechanism of CaSR-mediated signaling that is likely shared by the other family C GPCR [G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptor] members and can facilitate the development of novel CaSR-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Cassandra Lynn Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Rakshya Gorkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anthony Schilmiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Edward M. Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenny J. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Leach K, Gregory KJ, Kufareva I, Khajehali E, Cook AE, Abagyan R, Conigrave AD, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A. Towards a structural understanding of allosteric drugs at the human calcium-sensing receptor. Cell Res 2016; 26:574-92. [PMID: 27002221 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that allosterically target the human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) have substantial therapeutic potential, but are currently limited. Given the absence of high-resolution structures of the CaSR, we combined mutagenesis with a novel analytical approach and molecular modeling to develop an "enriched" picture of structure-function requirements for interaction between Ca(2+)o and allosteric modulators within the CaSR's 7 transmembrane (7TM) domain. An extended cavity that accommodates multiple binding sites for structurally diverse ligands was identified. Phenylalkylamines bind to a site that overlaps with a putative Ca(2+)o-binding site and extends towards an extracellular vestibule. In contrast, the structurally and pharmacologically distinct AC-265347 binds deeper within the 7TM domains. Furthermore, distinct amino acid networks were found to mediate cooperativity by different modulators. These findings may facilitate the rational design of allosteric modulators with distinct and potentially pathway-biased pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anna E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Di Prisco S, Merega E, Bonfiglio T, Olivero G, Cervetto C, Grilli M, Usai C, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. Presynaptic, release-regulating mGlu2 -preferring and mGlu3 -preferring autoreceptors in CNS: pharmacological profiles and functional roles in demyelinating disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1465-77. [PMID: 26791341 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Presynaptic, release-regulating metabotropic glutamate 2 and 3 (mGlu2/3) autoreceptors exist in the CNS. They represent suitable targets for therapeutic approaches to central diseases that are typified by hyperglutamatergicity. The availability of specific ligands able to differentiate between mGlu2 and mGlu3 subunits allows us to further characterize these autoreceptors. In this study we investigated the pharmacological profile of mGlu2/3 receptors in selected CNS regions and evaluated their functions in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The comparative analysis of presynaptic mGlu2/3 autoreceptors was performed by determining the effect of selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist(s) and antagonist(s) on the release of [(3)H]-D-aspartate from cortical and spinal cord synaptosomes in superfusion. In EAE mice, mGlu2/3 autoreceptor-mediated release functions were investigated and effects of in vivo LY379268 administration on impaired glutamate release examined ex vivo. KEY RESULTS Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of presynaptic mGlu2/3 receptor proteins. Cortical synaptosomes possessed LY541850-sensitive, NAAG-insensitive autoreceptors having low affinity for LY379268, while LY541850-insensitive, NAAG-sensitive autoreceptors with high affinity for LY379268 existed in spinal cord terminals. In EAE mice, mGlu2/3 autoreceptors completely lost their inhibitory activity in cortical, but not in spinal cord synaptosomes. In vivo LY379268 administration restored the glutamate exocytosis capability in spinal cord but not in cortical terminals in EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose the existence of mGlu2-preferring and mGlu3-preferring autoreceptors in mouse cortex and spinal cord respectively. The mGlu3 -preferring autoreceptors could represent a target for new pharmacological approaches for treating demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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43
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Huynh THV, Erichsen MN, Tora AS, Goudet C, Sagot E, Assaf Z, Thomsen C, Brodbeck R, Stensbøl TB, Bjørn-Yoshimoto WE, Nielsen B, Pin JP, Gefflaut T, Bunch L. New 4-Functionalized Glutamate Analogues Are Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 or Selective Agonists at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Group III. J Med Chem 2016; 59:914-24. [PMID: 26814576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors (mGluRs) play key roles in modulating excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. In all, eight subtypes have been identified and divided into three groups, group I (mGlu1,5), group II (mGlu2,3), and group III (mGlu4,6-8). In this article, we present a L-2,4-syn-substituted Glu analogue, 1d, which displays selective agonist activity at mGlu2 over the remaining mGluR subtypes. A modeling study and redesign of the core scaffold led to the stereoselective synthesis of four new conformationally restricted Glu analogues, 2a-d. Most interestingly, 2a retained a selective agonist activity profile at mGlu2 (EC50 in the micromolar range), whereas 2c/2d were both selective agonists at group III, subtypes mGlu4,6,8. In general, 2d was 20-fold more potent than 2c and potently activated mGlu4,6,8 in the low-mid nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri H V Huynh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette N Erichsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amélie S Tora
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, UMR5203, University of Montpellier , 34094 Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191 , 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, UMR5203, University of Montpellier , 34094 Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191 , 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sagot
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448 , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR6296, ICCF, BP 80026 , 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Zeinab Assaf
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448 , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR6296, ICCF, BP 80026 , 63177 Aubière, France
| | | | | | | | - Walden E Bjørn-Yoshimoto
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, UMR5203, University of Montpellier , 34094 Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191 , 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Gefflaut
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448 , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR6296, ICCF, BP 80026 , 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Witkin JM, Ornstein PL, Mitch CH, Li R, Smith SC, Heinz BA, Wang XS, Xiang C, Carter JH, Anderson WH, Li X, Broad LM, Pasqui F, Fitzjohn SM, Sanger HE, Smith JL, Catlow J, Swanson S, Monn JA. In vitro pharmacological and rat pharmacokinetic characterization of LY3020371, a potent and selective mGlu 2/3 receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology 2015; 115:100-114. [PMID: 26748052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors are of considerable interest owing to their role in modulating glutamate transmission via presynaptic, postsynaptic and glial mechanisms. As part of our ongoing efforts to identify novel ligands for these receptors, we have discovered (1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-4-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; (LY3020371), a potent and selective orthosteric mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist. In this account, we characterize the effects of LY3020371 in membranes and cells expressing human recombinant mGlu receptor subtypes as well as in native rodent and human brain tissue preparations, providing important translational information for this molecule. In membranes from cells expressing recombinant human mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor subtypes, LY3020371.HCl competitively displaced binding of the mGlu2/3 agonist ligand [3H]-459477 with high affinity (hmGlu2 Ki = 5.26 nM; hmGlu3 Ki = 2.50 nM). In cells expressing hmGlu2 receptors, LY3020371.HCl potently blocked mGlu2/3 agonist (DCG-IV)-inhibited, forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation (IC50 = 16.2 nM), an effect that was similarly observed in hmGlu3-expressing cells (IC50 = 6.21 nM). Evaluation of LY3020371 in cells expressing the other human mGlu receptor subtypes revealed high mGlu2/3 receptor selectivity. In rat native tissue assays, LY3020371 demonstrated effective displacement of [3H]-459477 from frontal cortical membranes (Ki = 33 nM), and functional antagonist activity in cortical synaptosomes measuring both the reversal of agonist-suppressed second messenger production (IC50 = 29 nM) and agonist-inhibited, K+-evoked glutamate release (IC50 = 86 nM). Antagonism was fully recapitulated in both primary cultured cortical neurons where LY3020371 blocked agonist-suppressed spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations (IC50 = 34 nM) and in an intact hippocampal slice preparation (IC50 = 46 nM). Functional antagonist activity was similarly demonstrated in synaptosomes prepared from epileptic human cortical or hippocampal tissues, suggesting a translation of the mGlu2/3 antagonist pharmacology from rat to human. Intravenous dosing of LY3020371 in rats led to cerebrospinal fluid drug levels that are expected to effectively block mGlu2/3 receptors in vivo. Taken together, these results establish LY3020371 as an important new pharmacological tool for studying mGlu2/3 receptors in vitro and in vivo. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Paul L Ornstein
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Charles H Mitch
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Renhua Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Stephon C Smith
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Beverly A Heinz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Xu-Shan Wang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Chuanxi Xiang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Joan H Carter
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Wesley H Anderson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Catlow
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Steven Swanson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - James A Monn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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45
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Monn JA, Prieto L, Taboada L, Hao J, Reinhard MR, Henry SS, Beadle CD, Walton L, Man T, Rudyk H, Clark B, Tupper D, Baker SR, Lamas C, Montero C, Marcos A, Blanco J, Bures M, Clawson DK, Atwell S, Lu F, Wang J, Russell M, Heinz BA, Wang X, Carter JH, Getman BG, Catlow JT, Swanson S, Johnson BG, Shaw DB, McKinzie DL. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of C4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-Amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812223), a Highly Potent, Functionally Selective mGlu2 Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7526-48. [PMID: 26313429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of orthosteric mGlu(2/3) receptor agonists capable of discriminating between individual mGlu2 and mGlu3 subtypes has been highly challenging owing to the glutamate-site sequence homology between these proteins. Herein we detail the preparation and characterization of a series of molecules related to (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate 1 (LY354740) bearing C4-thiotriazole substituents. On the basis of second messenger responses in cells expressing other recombinant human mGlu2/3 subtypes, a number of high potency and efficacy mGlu2 receptor agonists exhibiting low potency mGlu3 partial agonist/antagonist activity were identified. From this, (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 14a (LY2812223) was further characterized. Cocrystallization of 14a with the amino terminal domains of hmGlu2 and hmGlu3 combined with site-directed mutation studies has clarified the underlying molecular basis of this unique pharmacology. Evaluation of 14a in a rat model responsive to mGlu2 receptor activation coupled with a measure of central drug disposition provides evidence that this molecule engages and activates central mGlu2 receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Monn
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lourdes Prieto
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lorena Taboada
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Junliang Hao
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Matthew R Reinhard
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Steven S Henry
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Christopher D Beadle
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lesley Walton
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Teresa Man
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Helene Rudyk
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Barry Clark
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David Tupper
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - S Richard Baker
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Carlos Lamas
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Carlos Montero
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Alicia Marcos
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jaime Blanco
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Mark Bures
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David K Clawson
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Shane Atwell
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Frances Lu
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Marijane Russell
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Beverly A Heinz
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Xushan Wang
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joan H Carter
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Brian G Getman
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - John T Catlow
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Steven Swanson
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Bryan G Johnson
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David B Shaw
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David L McKinzie
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, ‡Quantitative Biology, §Structural Biology, ∥Drug Disposition and ⊥Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Drop 0510, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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46
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Yuan Z, Fang X, Li X, Wu J, Yao H, Lin A. 1,6-Conjugated Addition-Mediated [2+1] Annulation: Approach to Spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11123-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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47
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Tora AS, Rovira X, Dione I, Bertrand H, Brabet I, De Koninck Y, Doyon N, Pin J, Acher F, Goudet C. Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by chloride ions. FASEB J 2015; 29:4174-88. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie S. Tora
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 5203, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- INSERM U1191MontpellierFrance
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 5203, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- INSERM U1191MontpellierFrance
| | - Ibrahima Dione
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale du Québec and Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | | | - Isabelle Brabet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 5203, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- INSERM U1191MontpellierFrance
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale du Québec and Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Nicolas Doyon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale du Québec and Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Jean‐Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 5203, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- INSERM U1191MontpellierFrance
| | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et ToxicologiquesCNRS, UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 5203, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- INSERM U1191MontpellierFrance
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