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Dohle W, Asiki H, Gruchot W, Foster PA, Sahota HK, Bai R, Christensen KE, Hamel E, Potter BVL. 2-Difluoromethoxy-Substituted Estratriene Sulfamates: Synthesis, Antiproliferative SAR, Antitubulin Activity, and Steroid Sulfatase Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200408. [PMID: 36109340 PMCID: PMC9742152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
2-Difluoromethoxyestratriene derivatives were designed to improve potency and in vivo stability of the drug candidate 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2). Compound evaluation in vitro against the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells, as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation and also steroid sulfatase (STS) both in cell lysates and in whole cells, showed promising activities. In antiproliferative assays 2-difluoromethoxyestradiol was less potent than 2ME2, but its sulfamates were often more potent than their corresponding non-fluorinated analogues. The fluorinated bis-sulfamate is a promising antiproliferative agent in MCF-7 cells (GI50 0.28 μM) vs the known 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bissulfamate (STX140, GI50 0.52 μM), confirming the utility of our approach. Compounds were also evaluated in the NCI 60-cell line panel and the fluorinated bis-sulfamate derivative displayed very good overall activities with a sub-micromolar average GI50 . It was a very potent STS inhibitor in whole JEG-3 cells (IC50 3.7 nM) similar to STX140 (4.2 nM) and additionally interferes with tubulin assembly in vitro and colchicine binding to tubulin. An X-ray study of 2-difluoromethoxy-3-benzyloxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one examined conformational aspects of the fluorinated substituent. The known related derivative 2-difluoromethyl-3-sulfamoyloxyestrone was evaluated for STS inhibition in whole JEG-3 cells and showed an excellent IC50 of 55 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Hannah Asiki
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Wojciech Gruchot
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Havreen K Sahota
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Chemical Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
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2
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Löhndorf A, Hosang L, Dohle W, Odoardi F, Waschkowski SA, Rosche A, Bauche A, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Windhorst S, Marry S, Flügel A, Potter BVL, Diercks BP, Guse AH. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its derivatives inhibit store-operated Ca 2+ entry in T cells: Identification of a new and potent inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118988. [PMID: 33581218 PMCID: PMC8062851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation starts with formation of second messengers that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thereby activate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), one of the essential signals for T cell activation. Recently, the steroidal 2-methoxyestradiol was shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We therefore investigated 2-methoxyestradiol for inhibition of Ca2+ entry in T cells, screened a library of 2-methoxyestradiol analogues, and characterized the derivative 2-ethyl-3-sulfamoyloxy-17β-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX564) as a novel, potent and specific SOCE inhibitor. STX564 inhibits Ca2+ entry via SOCE without affecting other ion channels and pumps involved in Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Downstream effects such as cytokine expression and cell proliferation were also inhibited by both 2-methoxyestradiol and STX564, which has potential as a new chemical biology tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Löhndorf
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sissy-Alina Waschkowski
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Rosche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Marry
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Bardasov IN, Alekseeva AY, Ershov OV, Mar’yasov MA. Antiproliferative Activity of N-Substituted 2,4-Diamino-5-Aryl-5,6,7,8,9,10-Hexahydrobenzo[B][1,8]Naphthyridine-3-Carbonitriles. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Antiestrogenic Activity and Possible Mode of Action of Certain New Nonsteroidal Coumarin-4-acetamides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071553. [PMID: 32231072 PMCID: PMC7181245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of certain 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-N-substituted acetamides IIIa-h was planned as a step in the development of new modified nonsteroidal antiestrogens. The purity of target compounds IIIa-h was checked by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and their structures were confirmed using various spectroscopic tools including IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Viability tests were applied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the synthesized compounds against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Compound IIIb proved the most active against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.32 μM. The results of an analysis of in vitro antiestrogenic activity indicated that only compound IIIb exhibited antiestrogenic activity; its IC50 value of 29.49 μM was about twice as potent as that of the reference compound, MIBP. The aromatase activity was evaluated for the synthesized target compounds IIIa-g and the intermediates Ib and IIa. A significant aromatase inhibition was observed for the intermediate Ib and compound IIIe, with IC50 values of 14.5 and 17.4 μM, respectively. Compound IIIb, namely 7-methoxy-4-(2-oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, could be used as an antiestrogen and/or cytotoxic agent with selective activity against tumor cells.
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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Andring JT, Dohle W, Tu C, Potter BVL, McKenna R. 3,17β-Bis-sulfamoyloxy-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene and Nonsteroidal Sulfamate Derivatives Inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase IX: Structure-Activity Optimization for Isoform Selectivity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2202-2212. [PMID: 30721041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
3,17β-Bis-sulfamoyloxy-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX140), a bis-sulfamate derivative of the endogenous steroid 2-methoxyestradiol, has shown promising anticancer potency both in vitro and in vivo, with excellent bioavailability. Its activity against taxane-resistant xenografts makes it a potential drug candidate against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These properties are linked to the ability of STX140 to act in a multitargeting fashion in vivo as a microtubule disruptor, leading to cell cycle arrest and with both proapoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a well-established biomarker for aggressive cancers, including TNBC. This study reports, for the first time, the inhibitory activities of a series of steroidal and nonsteroidal sulfamate derivatives against CA IX in comparison to the ubiquitous CA II, with some compounds demonstrating 100-200-fold selectivity for CA IX over CA II. X-ray crystallographic studies of four of the most promising compounds reveal that isoform-specific residue interactions are responsible for the high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Andring
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3QT , U.K
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3QT , U.K
| | - Robert McKenna
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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7
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McNamara KM, Guestini F, Sauer T, Touma J, Bukholm IR, Lindstrøm JC, Sasano H, Geisler J. In breast cancer subtypes steroid sulfatase (STS) is associated with less aggressive tumour characteristics. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1208-1216. [PMID: 29563635 PMCID: PMC5943586 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of breast cancer cases are steroid dependent neoplasms, with hormonal manipulation of either CYP19/aromatase or oestrogen receptor alpha axis being the most common therapy. Alternate pathways of steroid actions are documented, but their interconnections and correlations to BC subtypes and clinical outcome could be further explored. METHODS We evaluated selected steroid receptors (Androgen Receptor, Oestrogen Receptor alpha and Beta, Glucocorticoid Receptor) and oestrogen pathways (steroid sulfatase (STS), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (17βHSD2) and aromatase) in a cohort of 139 BC cases from Norway. Using logistic and cox regression analysis, we examined interactions between these and clinical outcomes such as distant metastasis, local relapse and survival. RESULTS Our principal finding is an impact of STS expression on the risk for distant metastasis (p<0.001) and local relapses (p <0.001), HER2 subtype (p<0.015), and survival (p<0.001). The suggestion of a beneficial effect of alternative oestrogen synthesis pathways was strengthened by inverted, but non-significant findings for 17βHSD2. CONCLUSIONS Increased intratumoural metabolism of oestrogens through STS is associated with significantly lower incidence of relapse and/or distant metastasis and correspondingly improved prognosis. The enrichment of STS in the HER2 overexpressing subtype is intriguing, especially given the possible role of HER-2 over-expression in endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely M McNamara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Fouzia Guestini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai, Japan
| | - Torill Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joel Touma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ida Rashida Bukholm
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jonas C Lindstrøm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Helse Sør-Øst Health Services Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Dohle W, Jourdan FL, Menchon G, Prota AE, Foster PA, Mannion P, Hamel E, Thomas MP, Kasprzyk PG, Ferrandis E, Steinmetz MO, Leese MP, Potter BVL. Quinazolinone-Based Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Antiproliferative SAR, Antitubulin Activity, and Tubulin Co-crystal Structure. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1031-1044. [PMID: 29227648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolinone-based anticancer agents were designed, decorated with functional groups from a 2-methoxyestradiol-based microtubule disruptor series, incorporating the aryl sulfamate motif of steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitors. The steroidal AB-ring system was mimicked, favoring conformations with an N-2 substituent occupying D-ring space. Evaluation against breast and prostate tumor cell lines identified 7b with DU-145 antiproliferative activity (GI50 300 nM). A preliminary structure-activity relationship afforded compounds (e.g., 7j GI50 50 nM) with activity exceeding that of the parent. Both 7b and 7j inhibit tubulin assembly in vitro and colchicine binding, and 7j was successfully co-crystallized with the αβ-tubulin heterodimer as the first of its class, its sulfamate group interacting positively at the colchicine binding site. Microtubule destabilization by 7j is likely achieved by preventing the curved-to-straight conformational transition in αβ-tubulin. Quinazolinone sulfamates surprisingly showed weak STS inhibition. Preliminary in vivo studies in a multiple myeloma xenograft model for 7b showed oral activity, confirming the promise of this template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K
| | - Fabrice L Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham , 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K
| | - Pascoe Mannion
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham , 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Mark P Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Eric Ferrandis
- Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, IPSEN , 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Biozentrum , 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathew P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.,Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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De Simone G, Langella E, Esposito D, Supuran CT, Monti SM, Winum JY, Alterio V. Insights into the binding mode of sulphamates and sulphamides to hCA II: crystallographic studies and binding free energy calculations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1002-1011. [PMID: 28738704 PMCID: PMC6445192 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1349764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphamate and sulphamide derivatives have been largely investigated as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) by means of different experimental techniques. However, the structural determinants responsible for their different binding mode to the enzyme active site were not clearly defined so far. In this paper, we report the X-ray crystal structure of hCA II in complex with a sulphamate inhibitor incorporating a nitroimidazole moiety. The comparison with the structure of hCA II in complex with its sulphamide analogue revealed that the two inhibitors adopt a completely different binding mode within the hCA II active site. Starting from these results, we performed a theoretical study on sulphamate and sulphamide derivatives, demonstrating that electrostatic interactions with residues within the enzyme active site play a key role in determining their binding conformation. These findings open new perspectives in the design of effective CAIs using the sulphamate and sulphamide zinc binding groups as lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Esposito
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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Kaise A, Ohta K, Shirata C, Endo Y. Design and synthesis of p-carborane-containing sulfamates as multitarget anti-breast cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6417-6426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site: a perspective of privileged structures. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1765-1794. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vital roles of microtubule in mitosis and cell division make it an attractive target for antitumor therapy. Colchicine binding site of tubulin is one of the most important pockets that have been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents. Over the past few years, a large number of colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have been developed inspired by natural products or synthetic origins, and many moieties frequently used in these CBSIs are structurally in common. In this review, we will classify the CBSIs into classical CBSIs and nonclassical CBSIs according to their spatial conformations and binding modes with tubulin, and highlight the privileged structures from these CBSIs in the development of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site.
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Szabó J, Pataki Z, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Bózsity N, Minorics R, Zupkó I, Mernyák E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 13α-estrone derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. Steroids 2016; 113:14-21. [PMID: 27263437 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
13α-Estrone derivatives containing various substituents on C-3 and C-17 were synthesized, and evaluated by means of MTT assays for in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of human adherent cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, A2780 and A431). Compounds with N-benzyltriazolylmethoxy moieties on C-3 proved to be more potent than their 3-hydroxy or 3-ether counterparts. Some triazoles exerted substantial cytostatic effects against particular tumor cell lines, with submicromolar IC50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pataki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Bózsity
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Shah R, Singh J, Singh D, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Sulfatase inhibitors for recidivist breast cancer treatment: A chemical review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:170-90. [PMID: 26974384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a momentous role in the conversion of sulfated steroids, which are biologically inactive, into biologically active un-sulfated steroid hormones, which support the development and growth of a number of hormone-dependent cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of STS are supposed to be potential drugs for the treatment of breast and other steroid-dependent cancers. The present review concentrates on broad chemical classification of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. The inhibitors reviewed are classified into four main categories: Steroid sulfamate based inhibitors; Steroid non-sulfamate based inhibitors; Non-steroidal sulfamate based inhibitors; Non-steroidal non-sulfamate based inhibitors. A succinct overview of current treatment of cancer, estradiol precursors, STS enzyme and its role in breast cancer is herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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14
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Higuchi K, Hikita H, Murayama A, Yuri D, Kobayakawa N, Takahashi T, Kojima S, Ueno H, Hatakeyama T, Kato A, Tayu M, Oyama E, Sugiyama S, Ishii K, Takahashi H, Kawasaki T. Design and Synthesis of Non-peptide RGD Mimics for Evaluation of Their Utility as Anti-platelet Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1726-1738. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Zefirov NA, Zefirova ON. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its analogs. Synthesis and structure—antiproliferative activity relationship. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015090018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Thomas MP, Potter BVL. Discovery and Development of the Aryl O-Sulfamate Pharmacophore for Oncology and Women's Health. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7634-58. [PMID: 25992880 PMCID: PMC5159624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1994, following work from this laboratory, it was reported that estrone-3-O-sulfamate irreversibly inhibits a new potential hormone-dependent cancer target steroid sulfatase (STS). Subsequent drug discovery projects were initiated to develop the core aryl O-sulfamate pharmacophore that, over some 20 years, have led to steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs in numerous preclinical and clinical trials, with promising results in oncology and women's health, including endometriosis. Drugs have been designed to inhibit STS, e.g., Irosustat, as innovative dual-targeting aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs) and as multitargeting agents for hormone-independent tumors, such as the steroidal STX140 and nonsteroidal counterparts, acting inter alia through microtubule disruption. The aryl sulfamate pharmacophore is highly versatile, operating via three distinct mechanisms of action, and imbues attractive pharmaceutical properties. This Perspective gives a personal view of the work leading both to the therapeutic concepts and these drugs, their current status, and how they might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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17
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Mernyák E, Kovács I, Minorics R, Sere P, Czégány D, Sinka I, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Újfaludi Z, Boros I, Ocsovszki I, Varga M, Zupkó I. Synthesis of trans-16-triazolyl-13α-methyl-17-estradiol diastereomers and the effects of structural modifications on their in vitro antiproliferative activities. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:123-34. [PMID: 25845933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel 16-triazoles in the 13α-estrone series were synthesized via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of the two diastereomeric (on C-16 and on C-17) 16-azido-13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-ol 3-benzyl ethers with substituted phenylacetylenes. The new heterocyclic derivatives were evaluated in vitro by means of MTT assays for antiproliferative activity against a panel of human adherent cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, A431, A2780, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-361). The inversion of the configurations at C-16 and C-17 selectively affected the growth-inhibitory properties of the tested compounds. The 16β,17α isomers generally proved to be potent on all cell lines, with IC50 values comparable to those of the reference agent cisplatin. Change of the substitution pattern of the phenyl group of the acetylene led to great differences in antiproliferative properties. Exclusively the p-phenyl-substituted triazoles exerted high cytostatic effects. One of the most potent compounds activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 without influencing caspase-8, confirming the induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ida Kovács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Sere
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Czégány
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Izabella Sinka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Újfaludi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Boros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Varga
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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18
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. A 2-methoxyestradiol bis-sulphamoylated derivative induces apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25908963 PMCID: PMC4407428 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research involving antimitotic compounds identified 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), as a promising anticancer endogenous metabolite. Owing to its low bioavailability, several in silico-designed 2ME2 analogues were synthesized. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that an already existing 17-β-estradiol analogue, namely (8R,13S,14S,17S)-2-ethyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3,17-diyl bis(sulphamate) (EMBS) to exert potential in vitro anticancer activity. Methods This study investigated the in vitro apoptotic influence of EMBS in an estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MCF-7); an estrogen receptor-negative breast epithelial cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast cell line (MCF-12A). Cell cycle progression, a phosphatidylserine flip, caspase 6-, 7- and 8 enzyme activity levels, Bcl-2 phosphorylation status at serine 70 and Bcl-2- and p53 protein levels were investigated to identify a possible action mechanism for apoptotic induction. Results The xCELLigence real-time label-independent approach revealed that EMBS exerted antiproliferative activity in all three cell lines after 24 h of exposure. A G2M block was observed and apoptosis induction was verified by means of flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V-FITC respectively. EMBS-treated cells demonstrated a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. EMBS exposure resulted in a statistically significant increase in p53 protein expression, decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and a decrease in pBcl-2(s70) phosphorylation status in all three cell lines. Results support the notion that EMBS induces apoptosis in all three cell lines. Conclusion This study includes investigation into the apoptotic hallmarks exerted by EMBS after exposure of three cell lines namely MCF-7-, MDA-MDA-231- and MCF-12A cells. Increased caspase 6-, caspase 7- and caspase 8 activities, upregulation of p53 protein expression and a decrease in phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 at serine 70 in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lines were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Helen Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028 South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
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19
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Nikolić AR, Petri ET, Klisurić OR, Ćelić AS, Jakimov DS, Djurendić EA, Penov Gaši KM, Sakač MN. Synthesis and anticancer cell potential of steroidal 16,17-seco-16,17a-dinitriles: Identification of a selective inhibitor of hormone-independent breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:703-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Sommerwerk S, Heller L, Csuk R. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Sulfamates. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:46-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Sommerwerk
- Martin-Luther-Universit; ä; t Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-Universit; ä; t Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-Universit; ä; t Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale) Germany
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21
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Dohle W, Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Chapman CJ, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Optimisation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based chimeric microtubule disruptors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1783-93. [PMID: 24819406 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based "chimeric" microtubule disruptors were optimised through modification of the N-benzyl motif, in concert with changes at C3 and C7, resulting in the identification of compounds with improved in vitro antiproliferative activities (e.g. 15: GI50 20 nM in DU-145). The broad anticancer activity of these novel structures was confirmed in the NCI 60-cell line assay, with 12 e,f displaying MGM values in the 40 nM region. In addition, their profiles as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation and colchicine binding to tubulin were confirmed. Compound 15, for example, inhibited tubulin polymerisation with an IC50 of 1.8 μM, close to that of the clinical drug combretastatin A-4, and also proved effective at blocking colchicine binding. Additionally, compound 20 b was identified as the only phenol in the series to date showing both better in vitro antiproliferative properties than its corresponding sulfamate and excellent antitubulin data (IC50=.6 μM). Compound 12 f was selected for in vivo evaluation at the NCI in the hollow fibre assay and showed very good activity and wide tissue distribution, illustrating the value of this template for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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22
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Jeyachandran V, Vivek Kumar S, Ranjith Kumar R. Synthesis of novel 16-spiro steroids: 7-(Aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazolo estrone hybrid heterocycles. Steroids 2014; 82:29-37. [PMID: 24462648 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the reaction of isatins or acenaphthylene-1,2-dione and 1,3-thiazolane-4-carboxylic acid to various exocyclic dipolarophiles synthesized from estrone afforded a library of novel C-16 spiro oxindole or acenaphthylene-1-one - 7-(aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazole - estrone hybrid heterocycles. These reactions occur regio- and stereo-selectively affording a single isomer of the spiro estrones in excellent yields with the formation of two C-C and one C-N bonds along with the generation of four new contiguous stereo-centers in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Jeyachandran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Dohle W, Thomas MP, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Synthesis, anti-tubulin and antiproliferative SAR of steroidomimetic dihydroisoquinolinones. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:798-812. [PMID: 24596315 PMCID: PMC4114533 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A SAR translation strategy adopted for the discovery of tetrahydroisoquinolinone (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule disruptors has been extended to dihydroisoquinolinone (DHIQ)-based compounds. A steroid A,B-ring-mimicking DHIQ core was connected to methoxyaryl D-ring mimics through methylene, carbonyl, and sulfonyl linkers, and the resulting compounds were evaluated against two cancer cell lines. The carbonyl-linked DHIQs in particular exhibit significant in vitro antiproliferative activities (e.g., 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (16 g): GI50 51 nm in DU-145 cells). The broad anticancer activity of DHIQ 16 g was confirmed in the NCI 60-cell line assay giving a mean activity of 33 nm. Furthermore, 6-hydroxy-2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (16 f) and 16 g and their sulfamate derivatives 17 f and 17 g (2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, respectively) show excellent activity against the polymerization of tubulin, close to that of the clinical combretastatin A-4, and bind competitively at the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Compounds 16 f and 17 f were also shown to demonstrate in vitro anti-angiogenic activity. Additionally, X-ray and computational analyses of 17 f reveal that electrostatic repulsion between the two adjacent carbonyl groups, through conformational biasing, dictates the adoption of a “steroid-like” conformation that may partially explain the excellent in vitro activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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24
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. 17-beta-estradiol analog inhibits cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis in breast cell lines. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:236-42. [PMID: 24449492 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are important targets when studying potential anticancer agents since disturbance of these microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest and cell death. 2-Methoxyestradiol is a naturally occurring metabolite that exerts antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Due to limited biological accessibly and rapid metabolic degradation, several analogs were synthesized. This study investigated the antiproliferative influence of an 2-methoxyestradiol analog, (8R, 13S, 14S, 17S)-2-Ethyl-13-methyl-7, 8, 9, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3, 17-diyl bis(sulfamate) (EMBS) on cell proliferation, morphology and apoptosis induction in a estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma cells line (MCF-7), estrogen receptor-negative highly metastatic breast cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF-12A). Spectrophotometry results indicated that EMBS exerted differential antiproliferative activity in the three cell lines. Cell growth of the breast adenocarcinoma and highly metastatic breast cell line reached a plateau effect at 0.4 μM after 24 h of exposure. Light microscopy and polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference contrast demonstrated compromised cell density, cells blocked in metaphase and the presence of apoptotic characteristics after EMBS exposure for 24 h in all three cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed hallmarks of apoptosis namely the presence of apoptotic bodies, shrunken cells and cell debris in EMBS-exposed cells. This investigation demonstrated that EMBS does exert antimitotic activity and induces apoptosis contributing to elucidating the signal transduction of EMBS in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic breast cell lines. Findings warrant in-depth analysis of specific targets in vitro and subsequent in vivo investigation for anticancer therapy.
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25
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Dohle W, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Fiore A, Kasprzyk PG, Potter BVL. Tetrahydroisoquinolinone-based steroidomimetic and chimeric microtubule disruptors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:85-108, 1. [PMID: 24124095 PMCID: PMC3877212 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) translation strategy was used for the discovery of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic and chimeric microtubule disruptors based upon a steroidal starting point. A steroid A,B-ring-mimicking THIQ core was connected to methoxyaryl D-ring ring mimics through methylene, carbonyl and sulfonyl linkers to afford a number of steroidomimetic hits (e.g., 7-methoxy-2-(3- methoxybenzyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (20 c) GI₅₀=2.1 μM). Optimisation and control experiments demonstrate the complementary SAR of this series and the steroid derivatives that inspired its design. Linkage of the THIQ-based A,B-mimic with the trimethoxyaryl motif prevalent in colchicine site binding microtubule disruptors delivered a series of chimeric molecules whose activity (GI₅₀=40 nM) surpasses that of the parent steroid derivatives. Validation of this strategy was obtained from the excellent oral activity of 7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline relative to a benchmark steroidal bis- sulfamate in an in vivo model of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Fabrice L. Jourdan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Meriel R. Major
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex (France)
| | - Ann Fiore
- IPSEN, 27 Maple St, Milford, MA (USA)
| | | | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
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26
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Spillane W, Malaubier JB. Sulfamic Acid and Its N- and O-Substituted Derivatives. Chem Rev 2013; 114:2507-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Spillane
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Malaubier
- Manufacturing Science
and
Technology, Roche Ireland Limited, Clarecastle, Co. Clare, Ireland
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27
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Kopel LC, Ahmed MS, Halaweish FT. Synthesis of novel estrone analogs by incorporation of thiophenols via conjugate addition to an enone side chain. Steroids 2013; 78:1119-25. [PMID: 23899492 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized estrogen analogs have received interest due to their unique and differing biological activity compared to their parent compounds. The synthesis of a new class of 3-methoxyestrone analogs functionalized at the C17 position possessing both alkyl and aryl substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones is described, along with their thiophenol conjugate addition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Kopel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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28
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Mostafa YA, Taylor SD. Steroid derivatives as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:183-98. [PMID: 23391659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated steroids function as a storage reservoir of biologically active steroid hormones. The sulfated steroids themselves are biologically inactive and only become active in vivo when they are converted into their desulfated (unconjugated) form by the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS). Inhibitors of STS are considered to be potential therapeutics for the treatment of steroid-dependent cancers such as breast, prostate and endometrial cancer. The present review summarizes steroid derivatives as inhibitors of STS covering the literature from the early years of STS inhibitor development to October of 2012. A brief discussion of the function, structure and mechanism of STS and its role in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) hormone-dependent breast cancer is also presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser A Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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29
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Gupta A, Kumar BS, Negi AS. Current status on development of steroids as anticancer agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:242-70. [PMID: 23727548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are important biodynamic agents. Their affinities for various nuclear receptors have been an interesting feature to utilize them for drug development particularly for receptor mediated diseases. Steroid biochemistry and its crucial role in human physiology, has attained importance among the researchers. Recent years have seen an extensive focus on modification of steroids. The rational modifications of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids have yielded several important anticancer lead molecules. Exemestane, SR16157, fulvestrant and 2-methoxyestradiol are some of the successful leads emerged on steroidal pharmacophores. The present review is an update on some of the steroidal leads obtained during past 25 years. Various steroid based enzyme inhibitors, antiestrogens, cytotoxic conjugates and steroidal cytotoxic molecules of natural as well as synthetic origin have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
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Frank E, Schneider G. Synthesis of sex hormone-derived modified steroids possessing antiproliferative activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:301-15. [PMID: 23499871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During recent years intensive research has been focused on the synthesis of structurally modified steroid hormones in order to obtain compounds with beneficial biological activity such as cell-growth inhibition. Experimental results have revealed that some steroidal derivatives possess direct cytostatic effect on cancer cells in a hormone receptor-independent manner. After a brief account on the most important biological function and characteristics of the naturally occurring sex hormones in physiological and pathological conditions, structural modifications of estrane and androstane scaffolds are discussed in detail. The review covers literature publications (from 2002 to 2012) relating to the synthesis and antiproliferative activity of semisynthetic sex hormone-derived molecules containing simple or heterocyclic substituents. The compounds reviewed are divided into three main categories according to their sterane framework and the nature of substitution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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31
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Visagie MH, Joubert AM. 2-Methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate refrains from inducing apoptosis and autophagy in a non-tumorigenic breast cell line. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:37. [PMID: 22905730 PMCID: PMC3492053 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anticancer research resulted in the discovery of a promising antimitotic metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate, a bis-sulphamoylated analogue exerts antiproliferative- and antimitotic activity. Investigating the anticancer potential of 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate requires demonstrating the influence of 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate on non-tumorigenic cells. This project focused on the in vitro effects of 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate on the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A breast epithelial cell line. Methods The in vitro influence of 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate was investigated on cell cycle progression, possible induction of apoptosis and autophagy and reactive oxygen species generation. Cell cycle progression was done using flow cytometry in conjunction with ethanol fixation and propidium iodide staining. Displaying effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential was achieved utilizing flow cytometry and the MitoCapture TM Mitochondrial apoptosis detection kit. Autophagy detection was done by means of flow cytometry and anti-LC3B conjugated to DyLight 488. Reactive oxygen species generation was conducted employing flow cytometry and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and hydroethidine. Results This study demonstrated that 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate did not affect cell cycle progression or reactive oxygen species in a statistically significant manner in the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cell line. In addition, 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate did not statistically significantly induce apoptosis or autophagy. Conclusion Reports indicate that 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate induces apoptosis and autophagy in several tumorigenic cell lines. The anticancer ability of 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate is due to its antimitotic activity. However, this study demonstrates the promising notion that 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate does not affect the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells. This project contributes to the embedded scientific knowledge regarding the differential death mechanisms used by 2-methoxyestradiol-bis-sulphamate on tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, P,O, Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Alterio V, Di Fiore A, D'Ambrosio K, Supuran CT, De Simone G. Multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases: how to design specific drugs targeting 15 different isoforms? Chem Rev 2012; 112:4421-68. [PMID: 22607219 DOI: 10.1021/cr200176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 918] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Leese MP, Jourdan F, Dohle W, Kimberley MR, Thomas MP, Bai R, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Steroidomimetic Tetrahydroisoquinolines for the Design of New Microtubule Disruptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:5-9. [PMID: 22247790 PMCID: PMC3256937 DOI: 10.1021/ml200232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
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Structure–activity relationship translation offers
an expeditious
means for discovery of new active series. This approach was applied
to discover tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule
disruptors. The two A-ring elements of a three-point steroidal pharmacophore
were incorporated into a THIQ-based A,B-ring mimic to which an H-bond
acceptor was attached as the third motif. Optimization of the representative 6c through conformational biasing delivered
a 10-fold gain in activity and a new series of microtubule disruptors
(e.g., 9c) with antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar
range. The THIQ derivatives match, or surpass, the activities of the
steroidal series and exhibit improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel R. Kimberley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- IPSEN, Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Panchapakesan G, Dhayalan V, Dhatchana Moorthy N, Saranya N, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of 2-substituted 17β-hydroxy/17-methylene estratrienes and their in vitro cytotoxicity in human cancer cell cultures. Steroids 2011; 76:1491-504. [PMID: 21872616 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of various types of 2-(alkylaminomethyl) and 2-(aroyl) 17β-estradiol analogs are reported. The synthesis of similar types of 2-substituted 17-methylene estratriene analogs was also achieved. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives of 17β-estradiol and 17-methylene estratriene were also realized. All these 2-substituted estratrienes were tested for their antiproliferative activity by using four different cell lines from colon, lung, glioma and breast cancers. Among the various 2-substituted estratrienes, the compounds 10d, 14a-h and 17e were found to have in vitro antiproliferative activity comparable to that of parent analogs 1-4. Comparison of the SAR pattern of these 2-susbtituted estratriene derivatives confirmed that relatively, 17-methylene estratrienes are more active than that of 17β-estradiol analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Panchapakesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Maltais R, Poirier D. Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: a review covering the promising 2000-2010 decade. Steroids 2011; 76:929-48. [PMID: 21458474 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a major role in the regulation of steroid hormone concentrations in several human tissues and target organs and therefore, represents an interesting target to regulate estrogen and androgen levels implicated in different diseases. In this review article, the emphasis is put on STS inhibitors reported in the fruitful 2000-2010 decade, which consolidated the first ones that were previously developed (1990-1999). The inhibitors reviewed are divided into four categories according to the fact that they are sulfamoylated or not or that they have a steroid nucleus or not. Other topics such as function, localization, structure and mechanism as well as applications of STS inhibitors are also briefly discussed to complement the information on this crucial steroidogenic enzyme and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Endocrinology and Genomic Unit) and Laval University (Faculty of Medicine), Québec, Canada
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Guo H, Zhang G, Zhang T, He X, Wu Z, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Qiu G, Liu P, Hu X. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some 16β-azolyl-3β-amino-5α-androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3662-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jourdan F, Leese MP, Dohle W, Ferrandis E, Newman SP, Chander S, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17-substituted estratriene-3-O-sulfamates as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4863-79. [PMID: 21604672 DOI: 10.1021/jm200483x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activities of analogues of 2-substituted estradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamates (E2bisMATEs) are discussed. Modifications of the C-17 substituent confirm that an H-bond acceptor is essential for high activity; its optimal linkage to C-17 and the local environment in which it resides are defined. In the non-sulfamoylated series 17β-acyl substitution delivers 48b, the most potent compound identified to date. In the sulfamate series a number of permutations of linker and H-bond acceptor deliver excellent activity, with 55, 61, 65, 49a, and 49b proving especially promising. The in vivo potential of these compounds was explored in the NCI hollow fiber assay and also in a mouse Matrigel model of antiangiogenesis in which 49 and 55 show significant inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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38
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Woo LWL, Jackson T, Putey A, Cozier G, Leonard P, Acharya KR, Chander SK, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Highly Potent First Examples of Dual Aromatase−Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors based on a Biphenyl Template. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. W. Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Toby Jackson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Aurélien Putey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gyles Cozier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Philip Leonard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Surinder K. Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Atul Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Michael J. Reed
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study with a Series of 17α-Derivatives of Estradiol: Model for the Development of Reversible Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200960028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Day JM, Foster PA, Tutill HJ, Newman SP, Ho YT, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. BCRP expression does not result in resistance to STX140 in vivo, despite the increased expression of BCRP in A2780 cells in vitro after long-term STX140 exposure. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:476-86. [PMID: 19156141 PMCID: PMC2658539 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of the endogenous oestrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2), are enhanced in a series of sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-MeOE2. To investigate possible mechanisms of resistance to these compounds, a cell line, A2780.140, eightfold less sensitive to the 3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamoylated derivative, STX140, was derived from the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line by dose escalation. Other cell lines tested did not develop STX140 resistance. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression is dramatically increased in A2780.140 cells. The cells are cross-resistant to the most structurally similar bis-sulphamates, and to BCRP substrates, mitoxantrone and doxorubicin; but they remain sensitive to taxol, an MDR1 substrate, and to all other sulphamates tested. Sensitivity can be restored using a BCRP inhibitor, and this pattern of resistance is also seen in a BCRP-expressing MCF-7-derived cell line, MCF-7.MR. In mice bearing wild-type (wt) and BCRP-expressing tumours on either flank, both STX140 and mitoxantrone inhibited the growth of the MCF-7wt xenografts, but only STX140 inhibited growth of the MCF-7.MR tumours. In conclusion, STX140, a promising orally bioavailable anti-cancer agent in pre-clinical development, is highly efficacious in BCRP-expressing xenografts. This is despite an increase in BCRP expression in A2780 cells in vitro after chronic dosing with STX140.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Day
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
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Woo LL, Fischer DS, Sharland CM, Trusselle M, Foster PA, Chander SK, Di Fiore A, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BV. Anticancer steroid sulfatase inhibitors: synthesis of a potent fluorinated second-generation agent, in vitro and in vivo activities, molecular modeling, and protein crystallography. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2435-44. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jourdan F, Bubert C, Leese MP, Smith A, Ferrandis E, Regis-Lydi S, Newman SP, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Effects of C-17 heterocyclic substituents on the anticancer activity of 2-ethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-O-sulfamates: synthesis, in vitro evaluation and computational modelling. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4108-19. [DOI: 10.1039/b810300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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