1
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Wang D, Wang J, Ma C, Jiang Y, Yu B. C-3 Functionalization of 2-Aryl-2 H-indazoles under Photo/Electrocatalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202208039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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2
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Sharma R, Yadav L, Yadav RK, Chaudhary S. Oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) via C (sp2)-H bond functionalization: tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB)-promoted regioselective direct C-3 acylation/benzoylation of 2 H-indazoles with aldehydes/benzyl alcohols/styrenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14178-14192. [PMID: 35423939 PMCID: PMC8698059 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient, cost-effective, transition-metal-free, oxidative C(sp2)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling via a C(sp2)–H bond functionalization protocol for the regioselective direct C-3 acylation/benzoylation of substituted 2H-Indazoles 1a–m with substituted aldehydes 2a–q/benzyl alcohols 5a–e/styrenes 6a–e is reported. The operationally simple protocol proceeds in the presence of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) as an oxidant in chlorobenzene (PhCl) as a solvent at 110 °C for 24 h under an inert atmosphere, which furnished a diverse variety of substituted 3-(acyl/benzoyl)-2H-indazoles 3a–q/4a–l in up to 87% yields. The reaction involves a free-radical mechanism and proceeds via the addition of an in situ generated acyl radical (from aldehydes/benzyl alcohols/styrenes) on 2H-indazoles. The functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, control/competitive experiments and gram-scale synthesis and its application to the synthesis of anti-inflammatory agent 11 and novel indazole-fused diazepine 13 further signify the versatile nature of the developed methodology. An efficient transition-metal-free oxidative C(sp2)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling via C(sp2)–H bond functionalization for regioselective C-3 acylation/benzoylation of 2H-indazoles with aldehydes/benzyl alcohols/styrenes is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
| | - Lalit Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
| | - Ravi Kant Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
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3
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Sun M, Zhou Y, Li L, Wang L, Ma Y, Li P. Electrochemically promoted C-3 amination of 2H-indazoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01088j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free and external oxidant-free method for the C-3 amination of 2H-indazoles in good yields was developed under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Laiqiang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
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4
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Camacho CM, Pizzio MG, Roces DL, Boggián DB, Mata EG, Bellizzi Y, Barrionuevo E, Blank VC, Roguin LP. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of a library of oxadiazole-containing hybrids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29741-29751. [PMID: 35479556 PMCID: PMC9040754 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of hybrid compounds led to the discovery of new pharmacologically active agents for some of the most critical diseases, including cancer. Herein, we describe a new series of oxadiazole-containing structures designed by a molecular hybridization approach. Penicillin derivatives and amino acids were linked to amino acid and aromatic moieties through the formation of a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. Alternatively, condensation between amino acid-derived hydrazides and an activated penicillanic acid led to a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole penicillin-containing hybrids and non-cyclized diacylhydrazides. From the cytotoxicity assays it is highlighted that two 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and one 1,3,4-oxadiazole connecting a penicillin and aliphatic amino acids displayed a high degree of cytotoxic selectivity, ranging between being three and four times more potent against tumor cells than normal cells. The results give a very interesting perspective suggesting that these hybrid compounds can offer a novel antitumor scaffold with promising cytotoxicity profiles. Synthesized hybrids of 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole connecting a penicillin and aliphatic amino acids displayed a high degree of cytotoxic selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián M. Camacho
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marianela G. Pizzio
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - David L. Roces
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dora B. Boggián
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ernesto G. Mata
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Yanina Bellizzi
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA – CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Barrionuevo
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA – CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana C. Blank
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA – CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonor P. Roguin
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA – CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Sun M, Li L, Wang L, Huo J, Sun M, Li P. Controllable chemoselectivity in the reaction of 2H-indazoles with alcohols under visible-light irradiation: synthesis of C3-alkoxylated 2H-indazoles and ortho-alkoxycarbonylated azobenzenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A high chemoselectivity in the visible-light-induced reaction of 2H-indazoles with alcohols controlled by the reaction atmosphere was achieved, providing C3-alkoxylated 2H-indazoles and ortho-alkoxycarbonylated azobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Laiqiang Li
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jie Huo
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P. R. China
| | - Manman Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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6
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Brach N, Le Fouler V, Bizet V, Lanz M, Gallou F, Bailly C, Hoehn P, Parmentier M, Blanchard N. Optimized Synthesis of 7-Azaindazole by a Diels–Alder Cascade and Associated Process Safety. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brach
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 68000 Mulhouse, France
| | - Vincent Le Fouler
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 68000 Mulhouse, France
| | - Vincent Bizet
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 68000 Mulhouse, France
| | - Marian Lanz
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Bailly
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Fédération de Chimie Le Bel - FR2010, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascale Hoehn
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Parmentier
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 68000 Mulhouse, France
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7
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Yadav L, Chaudhary S. Bu4NI-catalyzed, oxidative C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross dehydrogenative coupling for the regioselective direct C-3 benzylation of 2H-indazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5927-5936. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A Bu4NI-catalyzed, DTBP-promoted, regioselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) protocol for the direct C-3 benzylation of 2H-indazoles is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab)
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jaipur 302017
- India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab)
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jaipur 302017
- India
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8
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Exploring the Chemical Space of Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors Using Integrated Physicochemical Parameters, Drug Efficiency Metrics and Decision Tree Models. COMPUTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/computation7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a central role in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds including drugs. CYPs are vulnerable to inhibition and induction which can lead to adverse drug reactions. Therefore, insights into the underlying mechanism of CYP450 inhibition and the estimation of overall CYP inhibitor properties might serve as valuable tools during the early phases of drug discovery. Herein, we present a large data set of inhibitors against five major metabolic CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) for the evaluation of important physicochemical properties and ligand efficiency metrics to define property trends across various activity levels (active, efficient and inactive). Decision tree models for CYP inhibition were developed with an accuracy >90% for both the training set and 10-folds cross validation. Overall, molecular weight (MW), hydrogen bond acceptors/donors (HBA/HBD) and lipophilicity (clogP/logPo/w) represent important physicochemical descriptors for CYP450 inhibitors. However, highly efficient CYP inhibitors show mean MW, HBA, HBD and logP values between 294.18–482.40,5.0–8.2,1–7.29 and 1.68–2.57, respectively. Our results might help in optimization of toxicological profiles associated with new chemical entities (NCEs), through a better understanding of inhibitor properties leading to CYP-mediated interactions.
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9
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Khalifeh R, Karimzadeh F. Copper nanoparticles supported on charcoal mediated one-pot three-component synthesis of N-substituted-2H-indazoles via consecutive condensation C–N and N–N bond formation. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward protocol for direct synthesis of 2H-indazoles is achieved from consecutive condensation of 2-halobenzaldehydes, primary amines, and sodium azide catalyzed by heterogeneous copper nanoparticles on charcoal (Cu/C) is achieved. The recoverable heterogeneous copper nanoparticles on charcoal (Cu/C) catalyst exhibited an impressive activity for the title reaction without any additives (expensive ligands, etc.). A series of structurally diverse 2H-indazoles were prepared in good to excellent yields from easily accessible starting materials by employing this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khalifeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
| | - Faranak Karimzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
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10
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van der Peet PL, Sandanayake S, Jarrott B, Williams SJ. Discovery of N-Aryloxypropylbenzylamines as Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V 1.2-Subtype-Selective Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:570-582. [PMID: 30676691 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a lipophilic N-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylbenzyl) derivative (1) of the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker mexiletine, was a more potent sodium channel blocker in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that replacing the chiral methylethylene linker between the amine and di-tert-butylphenol with an achiral 1,3-propylene linker (to give (2)) maintains potency in vitro. We synthesized 25 analogues bearing the 1,3-propylene linker and found that minor structural changes resulted in pronounced changes in state dependence of blocking human NaV 1.2 and 1.6 channels by high-throughput patch-clamp analysis. Compared to mexiletine, compounds 1 and 2 are highly selective NaV 1.2 inhibitors and >500 times less potent in inhibiting NaV 1.6 channels. On the other hand, a derivative (compound 4) bearing 2,6-dimethoxy groups in place of the 2,6-dimethyl groups found in mexiletine was found to be the most potent inhibitor, but is nonselective against both channels in the tonic, frequency-dependent and inactivated states. In a kindled mouse model of refractory epilepsy, compound 2 inhibited seizures induced by 6 Hz 44 mA electrical stimulation with an IC50 value of 49.9±1.6 mg kg-1 . As established sodium channel blockers do not suppress seizures in this mouse model, this indicates that 2 could be a promising candidate for treating pharmaco-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L van der Peet
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Saman Sandanayake
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bevyn Jarrott
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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11
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Chun R, Kim S, Han SH, Han S, Lee SH, Mishra NK, Jung YH, Kim HS, Kim IS. Synthesis of (2
H
)‐Indazoles from Azobenzenes Using Paraformaldehyde as a One‐Carbon Synthon. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Chun
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Saegun Kim
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Han
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hun Lee
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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12
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Panchangam RL, Manickam V, Chanda K. Assembly of Fully Substituted 2H-Indazoles Catalyzed by Cu 2 O Rhombic Dodecahedra and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:262-272. [PMID: 30422389 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous C-N, and N-N bond-forming methods for one-pot transformations are highly challenging in synthetic organic chemistry. In this study, the Cu2 O rhombic dodecahedra-catalyzed synthesis of 2H-indazoles is demonstrated with good to excellent yields from readily available chemicals. This one-pot procedure involves Cu2 O nanoparticle-catalyzed consecutive C-N, and N-N bond formation followed by cyclization to yield 2H-indazoles with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Various cell-based bioassay studies demonstrated that 2H-indazoles inhibit the growth of cancer cells, typically through induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 2H-indazoles tested in the MDA-MB-468 cell line were capable of inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, it is shown that 2H-indazoles have potent in vitro anticancer activity that warrant further investigation of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeeva Lochana Panchangam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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13
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Vidyacharan S, Adhikari C, Krishna VS, Reshma RS, Sriram D, Sharada DS. A robust synthesis of functionalized 2 H -indazoles via solid state melt reaction (SSMR) and their anti-tubercular activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1593-1597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Soltani Rad MN. Ultrasound promoted mild and facile one-pot, three component synthesis of 2H-indazoles by consecutive condensation, CN and NN bond formations catalysed by copper-doped silica cuprous sulphate (CDSCS) as an efficient heterogeneous nano-catalyst. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:865-872. [PMID: 27773314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonic promoted facile and convenient one-pot three-component procedure for the synthesis of 2H-indazole derivatives using copper-doped silica cuprous sulphate (CDSCS) as a heterogeneous nano-catalyst has been described. In this approach, ultrasonic mediated reaction of different substituted 2-bromobenzaldehydes, structurally diverse primary amines, and tetrabutylammonium azide (TBAA) as an azide source in the presence of CDSCS in DMSO at room temperature furnishes 2H-indazoles in good to excellent yields. Utilizing ultrasonic irradiation techniques provided the dramatic improvements in terms of higher yields and shorter reaction times compared with conventional heating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran.
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15
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Wei W, Li X, Gu M, Yao H, Lin A. Cu/Pd cooperatively catalyzed tandem C–N and C–P bond formation: access to phosphorated 2H-indazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8458-8462. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Cu/Pd cooperatively catalyzed tandem C–N/C–P bond formation reaction for the synthesis of phosphorated 2H-indazoles has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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16
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Haress NG, Govindarajan M, AL-Wabli RI, Almutairi MS, Al-Alshaikh MA, Al-Saadi AA, Attia MI. Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV, 1H and 13C NMR) profiling and theoretical calculations of (2E)-2-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylpropylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide: An anticonvulsant agent. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Basu K, Poirier M, Ruck RT. Solution to the C3–Arylation of Indazoles: Development of a Scalable Method. Org Lett 2016; 18:3218-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Basu
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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18
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Tang M, Kong Y, Chu B, Feng D. Copper(I) Oxide-Mediated Cyclization ofo-HaloarylN-Tosylhydrazones: Efficient Synthesis of Indazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Lin W, Hu M, Feng X, Cao C, Huang Z, Shi D. A Facile One-Step Synthesis of 2-Arylindazoles via Reductive Cyclization of N-(2-nitroarylidene)amines. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengpao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Daqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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20
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Sudhapriya N, Nandakumar A, Perumal PT. Facile synthesis of 2-substituted quinolines and 3-alkynyl-2-aryl-2H-Indazole via SnCl2-mediated reductive cyclization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Sodhi RK, Changotra A, Paul S. Metal Acetylacetonates Covalently Anchored onto Amine Functionalized Silica/Starch Composite for the One-Pot Thioetherification and Synthesis of 2H-Indazoles. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Synthesis of 1H-benzo[g]indazole derivatives: propargyl–allenyl isomerization and 6π-electrocyclization involving two aromatic π-bonds. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Vidyacharan S, Sagar A, Chaitra NC, Sharada DS. A facile synthesis of 2H-indazoles under neat conditions and further transformation into aza-γ-carboline alkaloid analogues in a tandem one-pot fashion. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Anticonvulsant evaluation of clubbed indole-1,2,4-triazine derivatives: A synthetic approach. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:509-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Browne L, Lidster K, Al-Izki S, Clutterbuck L, Posada C, Chan AWE, Riddall D, Garthwaite J, Baker D, Selwood DL. Imidazol-1-ylethylindazole voltage-gated sodium channel ligands are neuroprotective during optic neuritis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2942-52. [PMID: 24601592 PMCID: PMC4010550 DOI: 10.1021/jm401881q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazol-1-ylethylindazole sodium channel ligands were developed and optimized for sodium channel inhibition and in vitro neuroprotective activity. The molecules exhibited displacement of a radiolabeled sodium channel ligand and selectivity for blockade of the inactivated state of cloned neuronal Nav channels. Metabolically stable analogue 6 was able to protect retinal ganglion cells during optic neuritis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan Browne
- Biological and Medicinal Chemistry, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Science, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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26
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Hu J, Xu H, Nie P, Xie X, Nie Z, Rao Y. Synthesis of Indazoles and Azaindazoles by Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative CN Coupling under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Chemistry 2014; 20:3932-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Mota F, Allerston CK, Hampden-Smith K, Garthwaite J, Selwood DL. Surface plasmon resonance using the catalytic domain of soluble guanylate cyclase allows the detection of enzyme activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1075-9. [PMID: 24480469 PMCID: PMC3978654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) is the receptor for the signalling agent nitric oxide (NO) and catalyses the production of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The enzyme is an attractive drug target for small molecules that act in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, and has also shown to be a potential target in neurological disorders. We have discovered that 5-(indazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles activate the enzyme in the absence of added NO and shown they bind to the catalytic domain of the enzyme after development of a surface plasmon resonance assay that allows the biophysical detection of intrinsic binding of ligands to the full length sGC and to a construct of the catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mota
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn Hampden-Smith
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - John Garthwaite
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom..
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28
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Khatun N, Gogoi A, Basu P, Das P, Patel BK. CuO nanoparticle catalysed synthesis of 2H-indazoles under ligand free conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Saikia AK, Unnava R, Indukuri K, Sarkar S. Regioselective one-pot, three-component synthesis of substituted 2H-indazoles from 2-nitroarylaldehyde, alkyne and amine catalyzed by the CuBr/Zn(OTf)2 system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3-(Arylethynyl)-2H-indazoles are synthesized in one-pot using 2-nitroarylaldehydes, primary amines and alkynes catalysed by the Zn(OTf)2/CuBr system in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Saikia
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati, India
| | | | - Kiran Indukuri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati, India
| | - Sujit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati, India
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30
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Yao J, Feng R, Lin C, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indazoles by Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H cleavage of arylhydrazines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5469-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Hankey DJR, Lidster K, von Kutzleben SM, Browne L, Clutterbuck L, Posada C, Edith Chan AW, Amor S, Perkins V, Gerritsen WH, Ummenthum K, Peferoen-Baert R, van der Valk P, Montoya A, Joel SP, Garthwaite J, Giovannoni G, Selwood DL, Baker D. Lesional-targeting of neuroprotection to the inflammatory penumbra in experimental multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 137:92-108. [PMID: 24287115 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis is associated with metabolic failure of the axon and excitotoxicity that leads to chronic neurodegeneration. Global sodium-channel blockade causes side effects that can limit its use for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Through selective targeting of drugs to lesions we aimed to improve the potential therapeutic window for treatment. This was assessed in the relapsing-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ABH mouse model of multiple sclerosis using conventional sodium channel blockers and a novel central nervous system-excluded sodium channel blocker (CFM6104) that was synthesized with properties that selectively target the inflammatory penumbra in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis lesions. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine were not immunosuppressive in lymphocyte-driven autoimmunity, but slowed the accumulation of disability in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when administered during periods of the inflammatory penumbra after active lesion formation, and was shown to limit the development of neurodegeneration during optic neuritis in myelin-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice. CFM6104 was shown to be a state-selective, sodium channel blocker and a fluorescent p-glycoprotein substrate that was traceable. This compound was >90% excluded from the central nervous system in normal mice, but entered the central nervous system during the inflammatory phase in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. This occurs after the focal and selective downregulation of endothelial p-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier that occurs in both experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis lesions. CFM6104 significantly slowed down the accumulation of disability and nerve loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therapeutic-targeting of drugs to lesions may reduce the potential side effect profile of neuroprotective agents that can influence neurotransmission. This class of agents inhibit microglial activity and neural sodium loading, which are both thought to contribute to progressive neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Izki
- 1 Neuroimmunology Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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32
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Gooding M, Browne LP, Quinteiro FM, Selwood DL. siRNA delivery: from lipids to cell-penetrating peptides and their mimics. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 80:787-809. [PMID: 22974319 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To deliver siRNA for therapeutic use, several hurdles must be addressed. Metabolic degradation must be blocked, and the RNAi cellular machinery is located in the cytoplasm, while double-stranded siRNA is large, highly charged and impermeable to cell membranes. To date, the solutions to the delivery issues have mostly involved different forms of lipid particle encapsulation. Cell-penetrating peptides and their mimics or analogues offer a different approach and this is an emerging field with the first in vivo examples now reported. Recent reports point to lipid receptors being involved in the cellular uptake of both types of transporter. This review examines the delivery of siRNA with a focus on cell-penetrating peptides and their small molecule and oligomeric mimics. The current status of siRNA delivery methods in clinical trials is examined. It now seems that the goal of delivering siRNA therapeutically is achievable but will they form part of a sustainable healthcare portfolio for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gooding
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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33
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Akbar S, Srinivasan K. A Tandem Strategy for the Synthesis of 1H-Benzo[g]indazoles and Naphtho[2,1-d]isoxazoles fromo-Alkynylarene Chalcones. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Prasad AN, Srinivas R, Reddy BM. CuII–hydrotalcite catalyzed one-pot three component synthesis of 2H-indazoles by consecutive condensation, C–N and N–N bond formations. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Migliorini A, Oliviero C, Gasperi T, Loreto MA. The Suzuki reaction applied to the synthesis of novel pyrrolyl and thiophenyl indazoles. Molecules 2012; 17:4508-21. [PMID: 22508331 PMCID: PMC6268423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper describes the Suzuki cross-coupling of a variety of N and C-3 substituted 5-bromoindazoles with N-Boc-2-pyrrole and 2-thiopheneboronic acids. The reactions, performed in the presence of K(2)CO(3), dimethoxyethane and Pd(dppf)Cl(2) as catalyst, gave the corresponding adducts in good yields. The methodology allows the facile production of indazole-based heteroaryl compounds, a unique architectural motif that is ubiquitous in biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Migliorini
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (A.M.); (C.O.)
| | - Chiara Oliviero
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (A.M.); (C.O.)
| | - Tecla Gasperi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and CISDiC, University of Studies “Roma Tre”, via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Loreto
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; (A.M.); (C.O.)
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36
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Shavkunov A, Panova N, Prasai A, Veselenak R, Bourne N, Stoilova-McPhie S, Laezza F. Bioluminescence methodology for the detection of protein-protein interactions within the voltage-gated sodium channel macromolecular complex. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 10:148-60. [PMID: 22364545 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are critical molecular determinants of ion channel function and emerging targets for pharmacological interventions. Yet, current methodologies for the rapid detection of ion channel macromolecular complexes are still lacking. In this study we have adapted a split-luciferase complementation assay (LCA) for detecting the assembly of the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel C-tail and the intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), a functionally relevant component of the Nav channelosome that controls gating and targeting of Nav channels through direct interaction with the channel C-tail. In the LCA, two complementary N-terminus and C-terminus fragments of the firefly luciferase were fused, respectively, to a chimera of the CD4 transmembrane segment and the C-tail of Nav1.6 channel (CD4-Nav1.6-NLuc) or FGF14 (CLuc-FGF14). Co-expression of CLuc-FGF14 and CD4-Nav1.6-NLuc in live cells led to a robust assembly of the FGF14:Nav1.6 C-tail complex, which was attenuated by introducing single-point mutations at the predicted FGF14:Nav channel interface. To evaluate the dynamic regulation of the FGF14:Nav1.6 C-tail complex by signaling pathways, we investigated the effect of kinase inhibitors on the complex formation. Through a platform of counter screenings, we show that the p38/MAPK inhibitor, PD169316, and the IκB kinase inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, reduce the FGF14:Nav1.6 C-tail complementation, highlighting a potential role of the p38MAPK and the IκB/NFκB pathways in controlling neuronal excitability through protein-protein interactions. We envision the methodology presented here as a new valuable tool to allow functional evaluations of protein-channel complexes toward probe development and drug discovery targeting ion channels implicated in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shavkunov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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37
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Li J, Zhang Q, Zhou L. Theoretical Studies on N–O or N–N Bond Formation from Aryl Azide Catalyzed by Iron(II) Bromide Complex. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2566-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202646t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
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38
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Unsinn A, Knochel P. Regioselective zincation of indazoles using TMP2Zn and Negishi cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl iodides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2680-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Fang Y, Wu C, Larock RC, Shi F. Synthesis of 2H-indazoles by the [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of sydnones with arynes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8840-51. [PMID: 21970468 PMCID: PMC3209955 DOI: 10.1021/jo201605v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient synthesis of 2H-indazoles has been developed using a [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of sydnones and arynes. A series of 2H-indazoles have been prepared in good to excellent yields using this protocol, and subsequent Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions can be applied to the halogenated products to generate a structurally diverse library of indazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Chunrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China PR
| | - Richard C. Larock
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China PR
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40
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Kumar MR, Park A, Park N, Lee S. Consecutive condensation, C-N and N-N bond formations: a copper- catalyzed one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazole. Org Lett 2011; 13:3542-5. [PMID: 21644532 DOI: 10.1021/ol201409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2H-Indazoles are synthesized using copper-catalyzed, one-pot, three-component reactions of 2-bromobenzaldehydes, primary amines, and sodium azide. A copper catalyst plays the key role in the formation of C-N and N-N bonds. This method has a broad substrate scope with a high tolerance for a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manian Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
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41
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42
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Hu J, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Rao Y. A general and efficient approach to 2H-indazoles and 1H-pyrazoles through copper-catalyzed intramolecular N–N bond formation under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10133-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13908h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Lenkey N, Karoly R, Epresi N, Vizi E, Mike A. Binding of sodium channel inhibitors to hyperpolarized and depolarized conformations of the channel. Neuropharmacology 2010; 60:191-200. [PMID: 20713065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sodium channels are inhibited by a chemically diverse group of compounds. In the last decade entirely new structural classes with superior properties have been discovered, and novel therapeutic uses of sodium channel inhibitors (SCIs) have been suggested. Many promising novel drug candidates have been described and characterized. Published structure-activity relationship studies, pharmacophore models, and mutagenesis studies seem to lag behind, dealing with only a limited group of inhibitor compounds. The abundance of novel compounds requires an organized comparison of drug potencies. The affinity of sodium channel inhibitors can vary typically ten- to thousand-fold depending on the voltage protocol; therefore comparison of electrophysiology data is difficult. In this study we describe a method for standardization of these data with the help of a simple model of state-dependence. We derived hyperpolarized (resting) and depolarized (generally termed "inactivated") state affinities for the studied drugs, which made the measurements comparable. We show a rank order of SCIs based on resting and inactivated affinity values. In an attempt to define basic chemical requirements for sodium channel inhibitor activity we investigated the dependence of both resting and inactivated state affinities on individual chemical descriptors. Lipophilicity (most often expressed by the logP value) is the single most important determinant of SCI potency. We investigated the independent impact of several other calculated chemical properties by standardizing drug potencies for logP values. By combining these two approaches: standardization of affinity values, and standardization of potencies, we concluded that while resting affinity is mostly determined by lipophilicity, inactivated state affinity is determined by a more complex interaction of chemical properties, including hydrogen bond acceptors, aromatic rings, and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lenkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 67, H-1450 Budapest, Hungary
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44
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Kemp MI. Structural trends among second-generation voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010; 49:81-111. [PMID: 20855039 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(10)49003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Kemp
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich, Kent, UK
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45
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Halland N, Nazaré M, R'kyek O, Alonso J, Urmann M, Lindenschmidt A. A General and Mild Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of 2H-Indazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6879-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Halland N, Nazaré M, R'kyek O, Alonso J, Urmann M, Lindenschmidt A. A General and Mild Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of 2H-Indazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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