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Rathi K, Hassam M, Singh C, Puri SK, Jat JL, Prakash Verma V. Novel ether derivatives of 11-azaartemisinins with high order antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129700. [PMID: 38479483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates cutting-edge synthetic chemistry approaches for designing and producing innovative antimalarial drugs with improved efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Novel amino (-NH2) and hydroxy (-OH) functionalized 11-azaartemisinins 9, 12, and 14 were synthesized along with their derivatives 11a, 13a-e, and 15a-b through ART and were tested for their AMA (antimalarial activity) against Plasmodium yoelii via intramuscular (i.m.) and oral routes in Swiss mice. Ether derivative 13c was the most active compound by i.m. route, it has shown 100 % protection at the dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days and showed 100 % clearance of parasitaemia on day 4 at dose of 6 mg/kg. Amine 11a, ether derivatives 13d, 13e and ether 15a also showed promising antimalarial activity. β-Arteether gave 100 % protection at the dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days and 20 % protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days dose by oral route, while it showed 100 % protection at 6 mg/kg × 4 days and no protection at 3 mg/kg × 4 days by i.m. route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jawahar L Jat
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India; Department of Education in Science and Mathematics (DESM), Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneshwar 751022, India.
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2
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Rathi K, Shukla M, Hassam M, Shrivastava R, Rawat V, Prakash Verma V. Recent advances in the synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107043. [PMID: 38134523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of various malarial parasite strains to drugs has made the production of a new, rapid-acting, and efficient antimalarial drug more necessary, as the demand for such drugs is growing rapidly. As a major global health concern, various methods have been implemented to address the problem of drug resistance, including the hybrid drug concept, combination therapy, the development of analogues of existing medicines, and the use of drug resistance reversal agents. Artemisinin and its derivatives are currently used against multidrug- resistant P. falciparum species. However, due to its natural origin, its use has been limited by its scarcity in natural resources. As a result, finding a substitute becomes more crucial, and the peroxide group in artemisinin, responsible for the drugs biological action in the form of 1,2,4-trioxane, may hold the key to resolving this issue. The literature suggests that 1,2,4-trioxanes have the potential to become an alternative to current malaria drugs, as highlighted in this review. This is why 1,2,4-trioxanes and their derivatives have been synthesized on a large scale worldwide, as they have shown promising antimalarial activity in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium species. Consequently, the search for a more convenient, environment friendly, sustainable, efficient, and effective synthetic pathway for the synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes continues. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and mechanism of action of 1,2,4-trioxanes. This systematic review highlights the most recent summaries of derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxane compounds and dimers with potential antimalarial activity from January 1988 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (Rajasthan), VPO- Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan 30300, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Xiang YJ, Liu S, Zhou J, Lin JH, Yao X, Xiao JC. Dehydroxylative Sulfonylation of Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4818-4828. [PMID: 36913713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Described here is the R3P/ICH2CH2I-promoted dehydroxylative sulfonylation of alcohols with a variety of sulfinates. In contrast to previous dehydroxylative sulfonylation methods, which are usually limited to active alcohols, such as benzyl, allyl, and propargyl alcohols, our protocol can be extended to both active and inactive alcohols (alkyl alcohols). Various sulfonyl groups can be incorporated, such as CF3SO2 and HCF2SO2, which are fluorinated groups of interest in pharmaceutical chemistry and the installation of which has received increasing attention. Notably, all reagents are cheap and widely available, and moderate to high yields were obtained within 15 min of reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shun Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, PR China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, PR China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
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5
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Zeng ZW, Chen D, Chen L, He B, Li Y. A comprehensive overview of Artemisinin and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115000. [PMID: 36538859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is the crucial ingredient of artemisia annua, a traditional Chinese medicine used for the therapy of malaria in China for hundreds of years. In recent years, the anticancer properties of artemisinin and its derivatives have also been reported. This review has summarized the research and development of artemisinin and its derivatives as anticancer agents, which included both natural and synthetic monomers as well as their dimers. In addition, it highlights the antitumor effects of artemisinin and its derivatives after site-modification or after transformation to a nano-delivery system. Moreover, we have further explored their potential mechanisms of action and also discussed the clinical trials of ARTs used to treat cancer, which will facilitate in further development of novel anticancer drugs based on the scaffold of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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Ngwa CJ, Stratmann R, Musabyimana JP, Pannen K, Schöbel JH, Frings M, Schiffers I, Quaranta C, Koschmieder S, Chatain N, Pradel G, Bolm C. Evaluation of Chiral Organosulfur Compounds on Their Activity against the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120416. [PMID: 36548671 PMCID: PMC9785921 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the deadliest tropical diseases, especially causing havoc in children under the age of five in Africa. Although the disease is treatable, the rapid development of drug resistant parasites against frontline drugs requires the search for novel antimalarials. In this study, we tested a series of organosulfur compounds from our internal library for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual blood stages. Some active compounds were also obtained in enantiomerically pure form and tested individually against asexual blood stages of the parasite to compare their activity. Out of the 23 tested compounds, 7 compounds (1, 2, 5, 9, 15, 16, and 17) exhibited high antimalarial activity, with IC50 values in the range from 2.2 ± 0.64 to 5.2 ± 1.95 µM, while the other compounds showed moderate to very low activity. The most active compounds also exhibited high activity against the chloroquine-resistant strain, reduced gametocyte development and were not toxic to non-infected red blood cells and Hela cells, as well as the hematopoietic HEL cell line at concentrations below 50 µM. To determine if the enantiomers of the active compounds display different antimalarial activity, enantiomers of two of the active compounds were separated and their antimalarial activity compared. The results show a higher activity of the (-) enantiomers as compared to their (+) counterparts. Our combined data indicate that organosulfur compounds could be exploited as antimalarial drugs and enantiomers of the active compounds may represent a good starting point for the design of novel drugs to target malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Julius Ngwa
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.J.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Rabea Stratmann
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean Pierre Musabyimana
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Pannen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Schöbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Frings
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Schiffers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Calogero Quaranta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.J.N.); (C.B.)
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7
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Nguyen NLT, Nguyen QA, Le TK, Luu TXT, Tran KNT, Pham PB. Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Lewis Acidic Catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts Sulfonylation of Aromatic Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051644. [PMID: 35268745 PMCID: PMC8911771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chloroaluminate ionic liquid bound on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@O2Si[PrMIM]Cl·AlCl3) was prepared and used as a heterogenous Lewis acidic catalyst for the Friedel–Crafts sulfonylation of aromatic compounds with sulfonyl chlorides or p-toluenesulfonic anhydride. The catalyst’s stability, efficiency, easy recovery, and high recyclability without considerable loss of catalytic capability after four recycles were evidence of its advantages. Furthermore, the stoichiometry, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, high yield of sulfones, and solvent-free reaction condition also made this procedure practical, ecofriendly, and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Lan Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.-L.T.N.); (Q.-A.N.); (T.K.L.); (K.-N.T.T.); (P.-B.P.)
| | - Quoc-Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.-L.T.N.); (Q.-A.N.); (T.K.L.); (K.-N.T.T.); (P.-B.P.)
| | - Tien Khoa Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.-L.T.N.); (Q.-A.N.); (T.K.L.); (K.-N.T.T.); (P.-B.P.)
| | - Thi Xuan Thi Luu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.-L.T.N.); (Q.-A.N.); (T.K.L.); (K.-N.T.T.); (P.-B.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Vietnam National University of Hochiminh City, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
| | - Kim-Ngan Thi Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.-L.T.N.); (Q.-A.N.); (T.K.L.); (K.-N.T.T.); (P.-B.P.)
| | - Phuoc-Bao Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.-L.T.N.); (Q.-A.N.); (T.K.L.); (K.-N.T.T.); (P.-B.P.)
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Karnatak M, Hassam M, Singh AS, Yadav DK, Singh C, Puri SK, Verma VP. Novel hydrazone derivatives of N-amino-11-azaartemisinin with high order of antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice via intramuscular route. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 58:128522. [PMID: 34974111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel hydrazone derivatives 10a-m were prepared from N-Amino-11-azaartemisinin (9) and screened for their antimalarial activity by oral and intramuscular (i.m.) routes against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss mice model. Several of the hydrazone derivatives showed higher order of antimalarial activity. Compounds 10b, 10g, 10m provided 100% protection to the infected mice at the dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route. Fluorenone based hydrazone 10m the most active compound of the series, provided 100% protection at the dose of 6 mg/kg × 4 days via intramuscular route and also provided 100% protection at the dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route. While artemisinin gave 100% protection at 48 mg/kg × 4 days and only 60% protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days via intramuscular (i.m.) route. Compound 10m found to be four-fold more active than artemisinin via intramuscular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022 Rajasthan, India.
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9
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Nudelman A. Dimeric Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2751-2845. [PMID: 34375175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to summarize the structures of an extensive number of symmetrical-dimeric drugs, having two monomers linked via a bridging entity while emphasizing the large versatility of biologically active substances reported to possess dimeric structures. The largest number of classes of these compounds consist of anticancer agents, antibiotics/antimicrobials, and anti-AIDS drugs. Other symmetrical-dimeric drugs include antidiabetics, antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, anticholesterolemics, estrogenics, antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, anti-Parkisonians, laxatives, antiallergy compounds, cannabinoids, etc. Most of the articles reviewed do not compare the activity/potency of the dimers to that of their corresponding monomers. Only in limited cases, various suggestions have been made to justify unexpected higher activity of the dimers vs. the corresponding monomers. These suggestions include statistical effects, the presence of dimeric receptors, binding of a dimer to two receptors simultaneously, and others. It is virtually impossible to predict which dimers will be preferable to their respective monomers, or which linking bridges will lead to the most active compounds. It is expected that the extensive number of articles summarized, and the large variety of substances mentioned, which display various biological activities, should be of interest to many academic and industrial medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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10
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Çapcı A, Herrmann L, Sampath Kumar HM, Fröhlich T, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-derived dimers from a chemical perspective. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2927-2970. [PMID: 34114227 DOI: 10.1002/med.21814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made with the rather recently developed dimer approach, which has already found applications in the development of new effective artemisinin-derived antimalarial, anticancer, and antiviral agents. One observation common to these potential applications is the significant (i.e., much more than double) improvement in activity of artemisinin based dimers, which are not toxic to normal cells and have fewer or less harmful side effects, with respect to monomers against parasites, cancer cells and viruses. Due to the high potential of the dimerization concept, many new artemisinin-derived dimer compounds and their biological activities have been recently reported. In this review an overview of the synthesis of dimer drug candidates based on the clinically used drug artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives is given. Besides the highlighting of biological activities of the selected dimers, the main focus is set on different synthetic approaches toward the dimers containing a broad variety of symmetric and nonsymmetric linking moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Halmuthur M Sampath Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Sharma B, Singh P, Singh AK, Awasthi SK. Advancement of chimeric hybrid drugs to cure malaria infection: An overview with special emphasis on endoperoxide pharmacophores. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113408. [PMID: 33989911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy has led to a situation of haste in the scientific and pharmaceutical communities. Sincere efforts are redirected towards finding alternative chemotherapeutic agents that are capable of combating multidrug-resistant parasite strains. Extensive research yielded the concept of "Chimeric Bitherapy (CB)" which involves the linking of two molecules with individual pharmacological activity and exhibit dual mode of action into a single hybrid molecule. Current research in this field seems to endorse hybrid molecules as the next-generation antimalarial drugs and are more effective compared to the multi-component drugs because of the lower occurrence of drug-drug adverse effects. This review is an attempt to congregate complete survey on endoperoxide based hybrid antiplasmodial molecules that will give glimpse on the future directions for successful development and discovery of useful antimalarial hybrid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Preeti Singh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ashawani Kumar Singh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Satish K Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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12
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Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are one of the most important classes of antimalarial agents, originally derived from a Chinese medicinal plant called Artemisia annua L. Beyond their outstanding antimalarial and antischistosomal activities, ART and its derivatives also possess both in-vitro and in-vivo activities against various types of cancer. Their anticancer effects range from initiation of apoptotic cell death to inhibition of cancer proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, and even modulation of the cell signal transduction pathway. This review provides a comprehensive update on ART and its derivatives, their mechanisms of action, and their synergistic effects with other chemicals in targeting leukemia cells. Combined with limited evidence of drug resistance and low toxicity profile, we conclude that ART and its derivatives, including dimers, trimers, and hybrids, might be a potential therapeutic alternative to current chemotherapies in combating leukemia, although more studies are necessary before they can be applied clinically.
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13
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Tiwari MK, Chaudhary S. Artemisinin-derived antimalarial endoperoxides from bench-side to bed-side: Chronological advancements and future challenges. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1220-1275. [PMID: 31930540 DOI: 10.1002/med.21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
According to WHO World Malaria Report (2018), nearly 219 million new cases of malaria occurred and a total no. of 435 000 people died in 2017 due to this infectious disease. This is due to the rapid spread of parasite-resistant strains. Artemisinin (ART), a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua, has been recognized as a novel class of antimalarial drugs. The 2015 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine" was given to Prof Dr Tu Youyou for the discovery of ART. Hence, ART is termed as "Nobel medicine." The present review article accommodates insights from the chronological advancements and direct statistics witnessed during the past 48 years (1971-2019) in the medicinal chemistry of ART-derived antimalarial endoperoxides, and their clinical utility in malaria chemotherapy and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K Tiwari
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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14
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Yang P, Lu M, Li K, Xie Y. Artemisinin‐derived dimers and their antimalarial activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody‐based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of Medicine Huaihua China
| | - MeiLong Lu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody‐based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of Medicine Huaihua China
| | - Ke Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody‐based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of Medicine Huaihua China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
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15
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Zhang B. Artemisinin‐derived dimers as potential anticancer agents: Current developments, action mechanisms, and structure–activity relationships. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 353:e1900240. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life ScienceAnshan Normal University Anshan Liaoning China
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16
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Fröhlich T, Hahn F, Belmudes L, Leidenberger M, Friedrich O, Kappes B, Couté Y, Marschall M, Tsogoeva SB. Synthesis of Artemisinin-Derived Dimers, Trimers and Dendrimers: Investigation of Their Antimalarial and Antiviral Activities Including Putative Mechanisms of Action. Chemistry 2018; 24:8103-8113. [PMID: 29570874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Generation of dimers, trimers and dendrimers of bioactive compounds is an approach that has recently been developed for the discovery of new potent drug candidates. Herein, we present the synthesis of new artemisinin-derived dimers and dendrimers and investigate their action against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Dimer 7 was the most active compound (EC50 1.4 nm) in terms of antimalarial efficacy and was even more effective than the standard drugs dihydroartemisinin (EC50 2.4 nm), artesunic acid (EC50 8.9 nm) and chloroquine (EC50 9.8 nm). Trimer 4 stood out as the most active agent against HCMV in vitro replication and exerted an EC50 value of 0.026 μm, representing an even higher activity than the two reference drugs ganciclovir (EC50 2.60 μm) and artesunic acid (EC50 5.41 μm). In addition, artemisinin-derived dimer 13 and trimer 15 were for the first time both immobilized on TOYOPEARL AF-Amino-650M beads and used for mass spectrometry-based target identification experiments using total lysates of HCMV-infected primary human fibroblasts. Two major groups of novel target candidates, namely cytoskeletal and mitochondrial proteins were obtained. Two putatively compound-binding viral proteins, namely major capsid protein (MCP) and envelope glycoprotein pUL132, which are both essential for HCMV replication, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular, Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucid Belmudes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG-BGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG-BGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular, Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Germany
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17
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Synthesis of novel ring-contracted artemisinin dimers with potent anticancer activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:829-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Vil' VA, Yaremenko IA, Ilovaisky AI, Terent'ev AO. Peroxides with Anthelmintic, Antiprotozoal, Fungicidal and Antiviral Bioactivity: Properties, Synthesis and Reactions. Molecules 2017; 22:E1881. [PMID: 29099089 PMCID: PMC6150334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of organic peroxides is usually associated with the antimalarial properties of artemisinin and its derivatives. However, the analysis of published data indicates that organic peroxides exhibit a variety of biological activity, which is still being given insufficient attention. In the present review, we deal with natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic peroxides exhibiting anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, fungicidal, antiviral and other activities that have not been described in detail earlier. The review is mainly concerned with the development of methods for the synthesis of biologically active natural peroxides, as well as its isolation from natural sources and the modification of natural peroxides. In addition, much attention is paid to the substantially cheaper biologically active synthetic peroxides. The present review summarizes 217 publications mainly from 2000 onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey I Ilovaisky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
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19
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Ren Y, Yu J, Kinghorn AD. Development of Anticancer Agents from Plant-Derived Sesquiterpene Lactones. Curr Med Chem 2017; 23:2397-420. [PMID: 27160533 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160510123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are of considerable interest due to their potent bioactivities, including cancer cell cytotoxicity and antineoplastic efficacy in in vivo studies. Among these compounds, artesunate, dimethylaminoparthenolide, and L12ADT peptide prodrug, a derivative of thapsigargin, are being evaluated in the current cancer clinical or preclinical trials. Based on the structures of several antitumor sesquiterpene lactones, a number of analogues showing greater potency have been either isolated as natural products or partially synthesized, and some potential anticancer agents that have emerged from this group of lead compounds have been investigated extensively. The present review focuses on artemisinin, parthenolide, thapsigargin, and their naturally occurring or synthetic analogues showing potential anticancer activity. This provides an overview of the advances in the development of these types of sesquiterpene lactones as potential anticancer agents, including their structural characterization, synthesis and synthetic modification, and antitumor potential, with the mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships also discussed. It is hoped that this will be helpful in stimulating the further interest in developing sesquiterpene lactones and their derivatives as new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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20
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Cyclic peroxides as promising anticancer agents: in vitro cytotoxicity study of synthetic ozonides and tetraoxanes on human prostate cancer cell lines. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Fröhlich T, Çapcı Karagöz A, Reiter C, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-Derived Dimers: Potent Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7360-88. [PMID: 27010926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new efficient therapeutics for the treatment of malaria and cancer is an important endeavor. Over the past 15 years, much attention has been paid to the synthesis of dimeric structures, which combine two units of artemisinin, as lead compounds of interest. A wide variety of atemisinin-derived dimers containing different linkers demonstrate improved properties compared to their parent compounds (e.g., circumventing multidrug resistance), making the dimerization concept highly compelling for development of efficient antimalarial and anticancer drugs. The present Perspective highlights recent developments on different types of artemisinin-derived dimers and their structural and functional features. Particular emphasis is put on the respective in vitro and in vivo studies, exploring the role of the length and nature of linkers on the activities of the dimers, and considering the future prospects of the dimerization concept for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Vasilevskii DA, Yashchenko VS, Ol’khovik VK. Synthesis of heterofunctional 3,3'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Venkatesham K, Bhujanga Rao C, Dokuburra CB, Bunce RA, Venkateswarlu Y. Direct Synthesis of Thioethers from Carboxylates and Thiols Catalyzed by FeCl3. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11611-7. [PMID: 26497695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of thioethers from carboxylates and thiols. The reaction proceeds via a Fe(III)-catalyzed direct displacement of carboxylates from benzylic or allylic esters by heterocyclic thiols. Short reaction times, good to excellent yields of products, and few side reactions are the significant features of the new protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunuru Venkatesham
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural Products Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India , 500007
| | - Chitturi Bhujanga Rao
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural Products Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India , 500007
| | - Chanti Babu Dokuburra
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural Products Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India , 500007
| | - Richard A Bunce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University , 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3071, United States
| | - Yenamandra Venkateswarlu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural Products Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India , 500007
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24
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Highly potent artemisinin-derived dimers and trimers: Synthesis and evaluation of their antimalarial, antileukemia and antiviral activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5452-8. [PMID: 26260339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New pharmaceutically active compounds can be obtained by modification of existing drugs to access more effective agents in the wake of drug resistance amongst others. To achieve this goal the concept of hybridization was established during the last decade. We employed this concept by coupling two artemisinin-derived precursors to obtain dimers or trimers with increased in vitro activity against Plasmodiumfalciparum 3D7 strain, leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant subline CEM/ADR5000) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Dimer 4 (IC50 of 2.6 nM) possess superior antimalarial activity compared with its parent compound artesunic acid(3) (IC50 of 9.0 nM). Dimer5 and trimers6 and 7 display superior potency against both leukemia cell lines (IC50 up to 0.002 μM for CCRF-CEM and IC50 up to 0.20 μM for CEM/ADR5000) and are even more active than clinically used doxorubicin (IC50 1.61 μM for CEM/ADR5000). With respect to anti-HCMV activity, trimer6 is the most efficient hybrid (IC50 0.04 μM) outperforming ganciclovir (IC50 2.6 μM), dihydroartemisinin(IC50 >10 μM) and artesunic acid (IC50 3.8 μM).
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25
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New efficient artemisinin derived agents against human leukemia cells, human cytomegalovirus and Plasmodium falciparum: 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Kumar A, Paliwal D, Saini D, Thakur A, Aggarwal S, Kaushik D. A comprehensive review on synthetic approach for antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:147-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Mazzone JR, Conyers RC, Tripathi AK, Sullivan DJ, Posner GH. Antimalarial chemotherapy: artemisinin-derived dimer carbonates and thiocarbonates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2440-3. [PMID: 24775306 PMCID: PMC4074917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several 2-carbon-linked trioxane dimer secondary alcohol carbonates 14 and thiocarbonates 15, combined with mefloquine and administered in a low single oral dose, prolonged the survival times of malaria-infected mice much more effectively than the popular monomeric antimalarial drug artemether plus mefloquine. Three dimer carbonates 14 and one dimer thiocarbonate 15 partially cured malaria-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Ryan C Conyers
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Abhai K Tripathi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - David J Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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28
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Conyers RC, Mazzone JR, Siegler MA, Tripathi AK, Sullivan DJ, Mott BT, Posner GH. The survival times of malaria-infected mice are prolonged more by several new two-carbon-linked artemisinin-derived dimer carbamates than by the trioxane antimalarial drug artemether. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1285-9. [PMID: 24508128 PMCID: PMC3943161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen new artemisinin-derived 2-carbon-linked trioxane dimers were prepared to study chemical structure/antimalarial activity relationships (SAR). Administering a very low single oral dose of only 5mg/kg of dimer secondary alcohol 6a or 6b plus 15 mg/kg of mefloquine hydrochloride prolonged the lives of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to an average of 25 days after infection. This ACT chemotherapy result is of high medicinal significance because the antimalarial efficacy of the popular trioxane drug artemether (2) plus mefloquine under the same conditions was significantly lower (only 20 day average survival). NH-aryl carbamate derivatives 7e, 7i, and 7j of 2-carbon-linked dimer alcohol 6b also significantly outperformed artemether (2) in prolonging the survival times (25-27 days) of malaria-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Conyers
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jennifer R Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Abhai K Tripathi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - David J Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Bryan T Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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29
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Synthesis and study of cytotoxic activity of 1,2,4-trioxane- and egonol-derived hybrid molecules against Plasmodium falciparum and multidrug-resistant human leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:403-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Singh C, Verma VP, Hassam M, Singh AS, Naikade NK, Puri SK. New Orally Active Amino- and Hydroxy-Functionalized 11-Azaartemisinins and Their Derivatives with High Order of Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss Mice1. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Niraj K. Naikade
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Terent'ev AO, Borisov DA, Vil’ VA, Dembitsky VM. Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:34-114. [PMID: 24454562 PMCID: PMC3896255 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the current status of synthetic five and six-membered cyclic peroxides such as 1,2-dioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides), 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2-dioxenes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. The literature from 2000 onwards is surveyed to provide an update on synthesis of cyclic peroxides. The indicated period of time is, on the whole, characterized by the development of new efficient and scale-up methods for the preparation of these cyclic compounds. It was shown that cyclic peroxides remain unchanged throughout the course of a wide range of fundamental organic reactions. Due to these properties, the molecular structures can be greatly modified to give peroxide ring-retaining products. The chemistry of cyclic peroxides has attracted considerable attention, because these compounds are used in medicine for the design of antimalarial, antihelminthic, and antitumor agents.
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Key Words
- 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxolanes
- 1,2-dioxanes
- 1,2-dioxenes
- 1,2-dioxolanes
- cyclic peroxides
- ozonides
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valery M Dembitsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Ren Y, Jiménez F, García R, Mejía M, Chai H, Farnsworth NR, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD. A cytotoxic dimeric furanoheliangolide from Piptocoma rufescens.. Tetrahedron Lett 2013; 54:5457-5460. [PMID: 24159245 PMCID: PMC3804354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpene lactone, rufescenolide C (1), the first furanoheliangolide dimer, was isolated from the leaves of Piptocoma rufescens, collected in the Dominican Republic. Its structure was determined by analysis of its spectroscopic data, with the absolute configuration being established by analysis of the CD spectrum. A plausible biogenesis of this dimer is proposed. This compound showed potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 150 nM, when tested against HT-29 human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Francisco Jiménez
- Jar dín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso”, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ricardo García
- Jar dín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso”, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Milciades Mejía
- Jar dín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso”, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Heebyung Chai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Norman R. Farnsworth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Mott BT, He R, Chen X, Fox JM, Civin CI, Arav-Boger R, Posner GH. Artemisinin-derived dimer phosphate esters as potent anti-cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) and anti-cancer agents: a structure-activity study. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3702-7. [PMID: 23673218 PMCID: PMC3685872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the anti-cancer and anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) activity of artemisinin-derived trioxane diphenylphosphate dimer 838. To probe the relationship between chemical structure and anti-CMV and anti-cancer activities, we now report synthesis and evaluation of a series of eight new dimer phosphate ester analogs of 838. This series of novel molecules was screened against human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) infected with CMV and against the human Jurkat T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. This SAR study confirms the very high anti-CMV and anti-cancer potencies of dimer diphenyl phosphate ester 838 without its being toxic to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T. Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Ran He
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jennifer M. Fox
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Curt I. Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Gary H. Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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34
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Wang S, Sasaki T. Synthesis of artemisinin dimers using the Ugi reaction and their in vitro efficacy on breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4424-7. [PMID: 23790541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ugi four-component reaction was used to prepare a series of artemisinin monomers and dimers. We found that the endoperoxide group in artemisinin remains intact during the reaction. The new artemisinin dimers showed potent anti-cancer activity against two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT-474. One of the Ugi artemisinin dimers showed an IC₅₀ value of 12 nM when tested on BT474 cells, more than 600 times more potent than artesunate. Furthermore, the same Ugi artemisinin dimer showed a low toxicity when tested on MCF10A, a nontumorigenic cell line, resulting in a selectivity index of more than 8000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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35
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Malik S, Khan SA, Ahuja P, Arya SK, Sahu S, Sahu K. Singlet oxygen-mediated synthesis of malarial chemotherapeutic agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Mott BT, Tripathi A, Siegler MA, Moore CD, Sullivan DJ, Posner GH. Synthesis and antimalarial efficacy of two-carbon-linked, artemisinin-derived trioxane dimers in combination with known antimalarial drugs. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2630-41. [PMID: 23425037 DOI: 10.1021/jm400058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a difficult disease to eradicate largely because of the widespread populations it affects and the resistance that malaria parasites have developed against once very potent therapies. The natural product artemisinin has been a boon for antimalarial chemotherapy, as artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) has become the first line of chemotherapy. Because the threat of resistance is always on the horizon, it is imperative to continually identify new treatments, comprising both advanced analogues of all antimalarial drugs, especially artemisinin, and the exploration of novel combinations, ideally with distinct mechanisms of action. Here we report for the first time the synthesis of a series of two-carbon-linked artemisinin-derived dimers, their unique structural features, and demonstration of their antimalarial efficacy via single oral dose administration in two 60-day survival studies of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Several of the new endoperoxide chemical entities consistently demonstrated excellent antimalarial efficacy, and combinations with two non-peroxide antimalarial drugs have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
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38
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Griesbeck AG, Schlundt V, Neudörfl JM. Functionalized polar 1,2,4-trioxanes as building blocks by singlet oxygenation of 4-hydroxy tiglic acid using the solvent deuterium isotope trick. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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39
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Antimalarial and anticancer activities of artemisinin–quinoline hybrid-dimers and pharmacokinetic properties in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:834-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Jiang Z, Wang B, Che H, Liu B. Structural Characterization and Bacteriostatic and Cytotoxicity to 3T3 Cells Study of Oligobiguanidine (Polyhexamethylene Biguanidine Hydrochloride) and its 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane Derivatives. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.722856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Development of artemisinin compounds for cancer treatment. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:230-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Reiter C, Herrmann A, Çapci A, Efferth T, Tsogoeva SB. New artesunic acid homodimers: potent reversal agents of multidrug resistance in leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5637-41. [PMID: 22884578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evade the problem of multidrug resistance, hybridization of natural products in dimers is considered as an effective method. After the successful synthesis of three artesunic acid homodimers connected by different types of chemical linkers, we analyzed their activity against human CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR 5000 leukemia cells and observed, that multidrug resistant cells were not cross-resistant to the new compounds. Collateral sensitivity was observed for artesunic acid homodimer 2. The obtained results deliver valuable information about the linker's structure which is required for homodimers to be highly cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Reiter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Perković I, Tršinar S, Žanetić J, Kralj M, Martin-Kleiner I, Balzarini J, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Katsori AM, Zorc B. Novel 1-acyl-4-substituted semicarbazide derivatives of primaquine − synthesis, cytostatic, antiviral and antioxidative studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:601-10. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.663366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Tršinar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Žanetić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Maria Katsori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
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44
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Slack RD, Jacobine AM, Posner GH. Antimalarial peroxides: advances in drug discovery and design. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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46
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Slack RD, Mott BT, Woodard LE, Tripathi A, Triphati A, Sullivan D, Nenortas E, Girdwood SCT, Shapiro TA, Posner GH. Malaria-infected mice are completely cured by one 6 mg/kg oral dose of a new monomeric trioxane sulfide combined with mefloquine. J Med Chem 2011; 55:291-6. [PMID: 22128829 DOI: 10.1021/jm201214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen new anilide derivatives of the natural trioxane artemisinin were prepared and evaluated for antimalarial efficacy in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Of these 16 new anilides administered orally as one 6 mg/kg dose combined with 18 mg/kg mefloquine hydrochloride, only sulfide 3-arteSanilide 12d was completely curative: on day 30 after infection, all mice in this group had no detectable parasitemia, gained as much weight as the uninfected control mice, and behaved normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Slack
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, United States
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47
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Xie L, Zhai X, Ren L, Meng H, Liu C, Zhu W, Zhao Y. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of novel artemisinin derivatives using hybrid approach. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:984-90. [PMID: 21804243 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop potent and selective anti-tumor agents, two novel series of artemisinin-chalcone hybrids were designed, synthesized and screened for their antitumor activities against HT-29, A549, MDA-MB-231, HeLa and H460 cell lines in vitro. Nearly all of the tested compounds showed significantly increased anti-tumor activity compared with the corresponding dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Most of the title compounds displayed good selectivity toward HT-29 and HeLa cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.09 to 0.85 µM. Among them, the most promising compound 9c (IC₅₀) range of 0.09-0.93 µM) was 10.5- to 70-times more active than DHA (IC₅₀ range of 5.6-15.6 µM) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Original New Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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48
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He R, Mott BT, Rosenthal AS, Genna DT, Posner GH, Arav-Boger R. An artemisinin-derived dimer has highly potent anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) and anti-cancer activities. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24334. [PMID: 21904628 PMCID: PMC3164168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that two artemisinin-derived dimers (dimer primary alcohol 606 and dimer sulfone 4-carbamate 832-4) are significantly more potent in inhibiting human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication than artemisinin-derived monomers. In our continued evaluation of the activities of artemisinins in CMV inhibition, twelve artemisinin-derived dimers and five artemisinin-derived monomers were used. Dimers as a group were found to be potent inhibitors of CMV replication. Comparison of CMV inhibition and the slope parameter of dimers and monomers suggest that dimers are distinct in their anti-CMV activities. A deoxy dimer (574), lacking the endoperoxide bridge, did not have any effect on CMV replication, suggesting a role for the endoperoxide bridge in CMV inhibition. Differences in anti-CMV activity were observed among three structural analogs of dimer sulfone 4-carbamate 832-4 indicating that the exact placement and oxidation state of the sulfur atom may contribute to its anti-CMV activity. Of all tested dimers, artemisinin-derived diphenyl phosphate dimer 838 proved to be the most potent inhibitor of CMV replication, with a selectivity index of approximately 1500, compared to our previously reported dimer sulfone 4-carbamate 832-4 with a selectivity index of about 900. Diphenyl phosphate dimer 838 was highly active against a Ganciclovir-resistant CMV strain and was also the most active dimer in inhibition of cancer cell growth. Thus, diphenyl phosphate dimer 838 may represent a lead for development of a highly potent and safe anti-CMV compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bryan T. Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas T. Genna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary H. Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Xie L, Zhai X, Liu C, Li P, Li Y, Guo G, Gong P. Anti-tumor activity of new artemisinin-chalcone hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:639-47. [PMID: 21984014 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop potent and selective anti-tumor agents, three new series of artemisinin-chalcone hybrids 10a-10g, 11a-11g and 12a-12h were designed, synthesized and screened for their anti-tumor activity against five cell lines (HT-29, A549, MDA-MB-231, HeLa and H460) in vitro. Among compounds 10a-g and 11a-11g, most of them displayed enhanced activity and good selectivity toward HT-29 and HeLa cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 0.12 to 0.85 µM as compared with DHA (dihydroartemisinin). Compounds 10a and 11a are most active toward HeLa cells with IC(50) values of 0.12 and 0.19 µM. The results revealed that the presence of chalcone moiety is beneficial to their activity and selectivity. In addition, compounds 12a-12h containing a 'reversed chalcone' moiety showed only slight improvement in activity than those of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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50
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Xie L, Zhao Y, Zhai X, Li P, Liu C, Li Y, Gong P. The Application of Tandem Aza-Wittig Reaction to Synthesize Artemisinin-Guanidine Hybrids and Their Anti-Tumor Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:631-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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