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Bailly C. Medicinal applications and molecular targets of dequalinium chloride. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114467. [PMID: 33577890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For more than 60 years dequalinium chloride (DQ) has been used as anti-infective drug, mainly to treat local infections. It is a standard drug to treat bacterial vaginosis and an active ingredient of sore-throat lozenges. As a lipophilic bis-quaternary ammonium molecule, the drug displays membrane effects and selectively targets mitochondria to deplete DNA and to block energy production in cells. But beyond its mitochondriotropic property, DQ can interfere with the correct functioning of diverse proteins. A dozen of DQ protein targets have been identified and their implication in the antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic and anticancer properties of the drug is discussed here. The anticancer effects of DQ combine a mitochondrial action, a selective inhibition of kinases (PKC-α/β, Cdc7/Dbf4), and a modulation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. At the bacterial level, DQ interacts with different multidrug transporters (QacR, AcrB, EmrE) and with the transcriptional regulator RamR. Other proteins implicated in the antiviral (MPER domain of gp41 HIV-1) and antiparasitic (chitinase A from Vibrio harveyi) activities have been identified. DQ also targets α -synuclein oligomers to restrict protofibrils formation implicated in some neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, DQ is a typical bolaamphiphile molecule, well suited to form liposomes and nanoparticules useful for drug entrapment and delivery (DQAsomes and others). Altogether, the review highlights the many pharmacological properties and therapeutic benefits of this old 'multi-talented' drug, which may be exploited further. Its multiple sites of actions in cells should be kept in mind when using DQ in experimental research.
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Brown BM, Shim H, Christophersen P, Wulff H. Pharmacology of Small- and Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:219-240. [PMID: 31337271 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The three small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa2) channels and the related intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 channel are voltage-independent K+ channels that mediate calcium-induced membrane hyperpolarization. When intracellular calcium increases in the channel vicinity, it calcifies the flexible N lobe of the channel-bound calmodulin, which then swings over to the S4-S5 linker and opens the channel. KCa2 and KCa3.1 channels are highly druggable and offer multiple binding sites for venom peptides and small-molecule blockers as well as for positive- and negative-gating modulators. In this review, we briefly summarize the physiological role of KCa channels and then discuss the pharmacophores and the mechanism of action of the most commonly used peptidic and small-molecule KCa2 and KCa3.1 modulators. Finally, we describe the progress that has been made in advancing KCa3.1 blockers and KCa2.2 negative- and positive-gating modulators toward the clinic for neurological and cardiovascular diseases and discuss the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Heesung Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | | | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
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Yang D, Arifhodzic L, Ganellin CR, Jenkinson DH. Further studies on bis-charged tetraazacyclophanes as potent inhibitors of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:907-23. [PMID: 23685886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, quinolinium-based tetraazacyclophanes, such as UCL 1684 and UCL 1848, have been shown to be extraordinarily sensitive to changes in chemical structure (especially to the size of the cyclophane system) with respect to activity as potent non-peptidic blockers of the small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) ion channels (SKCa). The present work has sought to optimize the structure of the linking chains in UCL 1848. We report the synthesis and SKCa channel-blocking activity of 29 analogues of UCL 1848 in which the central CH2 of UCL 1848 is replaced by other groups X or Y = O, S, CF2, CO, CHOH, CC, CHCH, CHMe to explore whether subtle changes in bond length or flexibility can improve potency still further. The possibility of improving potency by introducing ring substituents has also been explored by synthesizing and testing 25 analogues of UCL 1684 and UCL 1848 with substituents (NO2, NH2, CF3, F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, OCF3, OH) in the 5, 6 or 7 positions of the aminoquinolinium rings. As in our earlier work, each compound was assayed for inhibition of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in rat sympathetic neurons, an action mediated by the SK3 subtype of the SKCa channel. One of the new compounds (39, R(7) = Cl, UCL 2053) is twice as potent as UCL 1848 and UCL 1684: seven are comparable in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Calas M, Ouattara M, Piquet G, Ziora Z, Bordat Y, Ancelin ML, Escale R, Vial H. Potent Antimalarial Activity of 2-Aminopyridinium Salts, Amidines, and Guanidines. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6307-15. [PMID: 18004799 DOI: 10.1021/jm0704752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Calas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Mahama Ouattara
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Gilles Piquet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Zyta Ziora
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Y. Bordat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Marie L. Ancelin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Roger Escale
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Henri Vial
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
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