1
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Wang D, Lin J, Zhu Y, Huang Y. De Novo Construction of Substituted Terephthalates via Phosphine Catalyzed Domino Benzannulation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Lin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - You Huang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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2
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Mak JYW, Wu KC, Gupta PK, Barbero S, McLaughlin MG, Lucke AJ, Tng J, Lim J, Loh Z, Sweet MJ, Reid RC, Liu L, Fairlie DP. HDAC7 Inhibition by Phenacetyl and Phenylbenzoyl Hydroxamates. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2186-2204. [PMID: 33570940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-containing histone deacetylase enzyme HDAC7 is emerging as an important regulator of immunometabolism and cancer. Here, we exploit a cavity in HDAC7, filled by Tyr303 in HDAC1, to derive new inhibitors. Phenacetyl hydroxamates and 2-phenylbenzoyl hydroxamates bind to Zn2+ and are 50-2700-fold more selective inhibitors of HDAC7 than HDAC1. Phenylbenzoyl hydroxamates are 30-70-fold more potent HDAC7 inhibitors than phenacetyl hydroxamates, which is attributed to the benzoyl aromatic group interacting with Phe679 and Phe738. Phthalimide capping groups, including a saccharin analogue, decrease rotational freedom and provide hydrogen bond acceptor carbonyl/sulfonamide oxygens that increase inhibitor potency, liver microsome stability, solubility, and cell activity. Despite being the most potent HDAC7 inhibitors to date, they are not selective among class IIa enzymes. These strategies may help to produce tools for interrogating HDAC7 biology related to its catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y W Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kai-Chen Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Praveer K Gupta
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sheila Barbero
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maddison G McLaughlin
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiahui Tng
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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3
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Satham L, Namboothiri INN. (3 + 3) Annulation of Nitroallylic Acetates with Stabilized Sulfur Ylides for the Synthesis of 2-Aryl Terephthalates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9471-9477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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Killander D, Sterner O. Synthesis of the Bioactive Benzochromenes Pulchrol and Pulchral, Metabolites ofBourreria pulchra. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Ettaoussi M, Sabaouni A, Pérès B, Landagaray E, Nosjean O, Boutin JA, Caignard DH, Delagrange P, Berthelot P, Yous S. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of a series of the Agomelatine Analogues as Melatonin MT1/MT2Agonist and 5-HT2CAntagonist. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1830-45. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Ochocki JD, Distefano MD. Prenyltransferase Inhibitors: Treating Human Ailments from Cancer to Parasitic Infections. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:476-492. [PMID: 25530833 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of protein prenylation is a covalent lipid modification on the C-terminus of substrate proteins that serves to enhance membrane affinity. Oncogenic proteins such as Ras have this modification and significant effort has been placed into developing inhibitors of the prenyltransferase enzymes for clinical therapy. In addition to cancer therapy, prenyltransferase inhibitors have begun to find important therapeutic uses in other diseases, including progeria, hepatitis C and D, parasitic infections, and other maladies. This review will trace the evolution of prenyltransferase inhibitors from their initial use as cancer therapeutics to their expanded applications for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ochocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
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7
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Bernini SK, Chiodini G, Corsini A, Ferri N, Fumagalli L, Straniero V, Valoti E. Thiazole- and imidazole-containing peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5408-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Radioiodinated O(6)-Benzylguanine derivatives containing an azido function. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 38:77-92. [PMID: 21220131 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug resistance to alkylator chemotherapy has been primarily attributed to the DNA repair protein alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT); thus, personalizing chemotherapy could be facilitated if tumor AGT content could be quantified prior to administering chemotherapy. We have been investigating the use of radiolabeled O(6)-benzylguanine (BG) analogues to label and quantify AGT in vivo. BG derivatives containing an azido function were sought to potentially enhance the targeting of these analogues to AGT, which is primarily present in the cell nucleus, either by conjugating them to nuclear localization sequence (NLS) peptides or by pretargeting via bio-orthogonal approaches. METHODS Two O(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)guanine (IBG) derivatives containing an azido moiety-O(6)-(4-azidohexyloxymethyl-3-iodobenzyl)guanine (AHOMIBG) and O(6)-(4-azido-3-iodobenzyl)guanine (AIBG)--and their tin precursors were synthesized in multiple steps and the tin precursors were converted to radioiodinated AHOMIBG and AIBG, respectively. Both unlabeled and radioiodinated AHOMIBG analogues were conjugated to alkyne-derivatized NLS peptide heptynoyl-PK(3)RKV. The ability of these radioiodinated compounds to bind to AGT was determined by a trichloroacetic acid precipitation assay and gel electrophoresis/phosphor imaging. Labeling of an AGT-AIBG conjugate via Staudinger ligation using the (131)I-labeled phosphine ligand, 2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl 4-[(131)I]iodobenzoate, also was investigated. RESULTS [(131)I]AHOMIBG was synthesized in two steps from its tin precursor in 52.2 ± 7.5% (n = 5) radiochemical yield and conjugated to the NLS peptide via click reaction in 50.7 ± 4.9% (n = 6) yield. The protected tin precursor of AIBG was radioiodinated in an average radiochemical yield of 69.6 ± 4.5% (n = 7); deprotection of the intermediate gave [(131)I]AIBG in 17.8 ± 4.2% (n = 9) yield. While both [(131)I]AHOMIBG and its NLS conjugate bound to AGT pure protein, their potency as a substrate for AGT was substantially lower than that of [(125)I]IBG. Uptake of [(131)I]AHOMIBG-NLS conjugate in DAOY medulloblastoma cells was up to eightfold higher than that of [(125)I]IBG; however, the uptake was not changed when the cellular AGT content was first depleted with BG treatment. [(131)I]AIBG was almost equipotent as [(125)I]IBG with respect to binding to pure AGT; however, attempts to radiolabel AGT by treatment with unlabeled AIBG followed by Staudinger ligation using the radiolabeled phosphine ligand, 2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl 4-[(131)I]iodobenzoate were not successful. CONCLUSION Although AHOMIBG, and AIBG were synthesized successfully in both unlabeled and radioiodinated forms, the radioiodinated compounds failed to label AGT either after NLS peptide conjugation or via Staundiger ligation. Currently, other bio-orthogonal approaches are being evaluated for labeling AGT by pretargeting.
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9
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Harju K, Manevski N, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyridylpyrroles from N-acylated amino acids. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Fumagalli L, Ferri N, Corsini A, Rusconi C, Valoti E. New Ras CAAX mimetics: design, synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and RAS prenylation inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5500-4. [PMID: 19666221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mimetics of the C-terminal CAAX tetrapeptide of Ras protein were designed replacing cysteine (C) by 2-hydroxymethylbenzodioxane or 2-aminomethylbenzodioxane, respectively etherified and amidified with 2'-methyl or 2'-methoxy substituted 2-carboxy-4-hydroxybiphenyl and 2,4-dicarboxybiphenyl. These pluri-substituted biphenyl systems, used as internal spacer and AA dipeptide bioisoster, were linked to the methyl ester of l-methionine, glycine or l-leucine by an amide bond. The resultant twelve pairs of stereoisomers at the dioxane C-2 were tested for antiproliferative effect finding the maximum activity for derivatives with methyleneoxy linker between benzodioxane and 2'-methylbiphenyl. Of these compounds, the one with terminal methionine and S configuration proved a good Ras prenylation inhibitor in a cell-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche 'Pietro Pratesi', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Allen PH, Coissard V, Hickey MJ, Hogg C, Kingston LP, Caffrey M, Wilkinson DJ. Metallation of heteroaryls and its application to isotopic labelling. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Rusconi C, Diomede L, Ferri N, Corsini A, Fumagalli L, Pedretti A, Vistoli G, Valoti E. Peptidomimetic inhibitors of farnesyltransferase with high in vitro activity and significant cellular potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6192-6. [PMID: 17889533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-o-Tolyl or 2-o-anisyl substituted 4-hydroxy- and 4-carboxybenzamides of methionine, etherified and amidified with 2-hydroxymethyl- and 2-aminomethylpyridodioxane, respectively, are described as inhibitors of Ras protein farnesyltransferase (FTase). Of the sixteen compounds, resulting from the substitution pattern of benzamide and the configuration of the two stereocenters, seven inhibited FTase activity with potencies in the nanomolar range. They were all 2-oxymethylpyridodioxane ethers and, among them, the four o-tolyl substituted stereoisomers also showed micromolar antiproliferative effect on human aortic smooth muscle cells interfering with Ras farnesylation. The docking analysis enlightened significant differences in enzyme interaction between oxymethylpyridodioxane and aminomethylpyridodioxane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Pietro Pratesi, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milan, Italy
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13
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14
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Wang GT, Wang X, Wang W, Hasvold LA, Sullivan G, Hutchins CW, O'Conner S, Gentiles R, Sowin T, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Zhang H, Rosenberg SH, Sham HL. Design and synthesis of o-trifluoromethylbiphenyl substituted 2-amino-nicotinonitriles as inhibitors of farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:153-8. [PMID: 15582430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A non-methionine FT inhibitor lead structure (1) was designed through computer modeling of the peptidomimetic FT inhibitor ABT839. Optimization of this lead resulted in compounds 2e and 2g, with FT IC(50) values of 1.3 and 1.8 nM, GGT IC(50) of 1400 nM, and EC(50) (Ras processing) values of 13 and 11 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary T Wang
- Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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15
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Millet R, Domarkas J, Houssin R, Gilleron P, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Logé C, Pommery N, Pommery J, Hénichart JP. Potent and Selective Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6812-20. [PMID: 15615530 DOI: 10.1021/jm030502y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel series of CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics as farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). These compounds possess an N-(4-piperidinyl)benzamide scaffold mimicking A(1)A(2) residue. Extensive exploration of structure--activity relationships revealed that replacement of cysteine by substituted benzylimidazoles provided nanomolar FTIs with in vitro activities (18e, IC(50) = 4.60 nM on isolated enzyme, EC(50) = 20.0 nM for growth inhibition on a tumor cell line). The molecular docking of 18e and 19e in the active site of the enzyme provided details of key interactions with the protein and showed that the methionine or phenylalanine residue fits into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Millet
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, BP 83 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France
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16
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Polley MJ, Winkler DA, Burden FR. Broad-Based Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Modeling of Potency and Selectivity of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Using a Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6230-8. [PMID: 15566293 DOI: 10.1021/jm049621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyltransferase show potential as novel anticancer agents. There are many known inhibitors, but efforts to build predictive SAR models have been hampered by the structural diversity and flexibility of inhibitors. We have undertaken for the first time a QSAR study of the potency and selectivity of a large, diverse data set of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. We used novel molecular descriptors based on binned atomic properties and invariants of molecular matrices and a robust, nonlinear QSAR mapping paradigm, the Bayesian regularized neural network. We have built robust QSAR models of farnesyltransferase inhibition, geranylgeranyltransferase inhibition, and in vivo data. We have derived a novel selectivity index that allows us to model potency and selectivity simultaneously and have built robust QSAR models using this index that have the potential to discover new potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Polley
- Centre for Complexity in Drug Design, CSIRO Molecular Science, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton 3169, Australia
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17
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Look GC, Vacin C, Dias TM, Ho S, Tran TH, Lee LL, Wiesner C, Fang F, Marra A, Westmacott D, Hromockyj AE, Murphy MM, Schullek JR. The discovery of biaryl acids and amides exhibiting antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1423-6. [PMID: 15006375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthetic methods for biaryl-based compounds were developed resulting in the construction of two 1000-member libraries. Numerous compounds were identified by high-throughput screening using whole cell screens to exhibit anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. A series of biaryl compounds containing natural and unnatural amino acids were made to explore the SAR of the amino acid functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Look
- Rigel Inc., 1180 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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18
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Wang L, Wang GT, Wang X, Tong Y, Sullivan G, Park D, Leonard NM, Li Q, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Zhang H, Bauch JL, Jakob CG, Hutchins CW, Stoll VS, Marsh K, Rosenberg SH, Sham HL, Lin NH. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of 4-[(4-Cyano-2-arylbenzyloxy)-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]benzonitriles as Potent and Selective Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:612-26. [PMID: 14736242 DOI: 10.1021/jm030434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 4-[(4-cyano-2-arylbenzyloxy)-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]benzonitriles have been synthesized as selective farnesyltransferase inhibitors using structure-based design. X-ray cocrystal structures of compound 20-FTase-HFP and A313326-FTase-HFP confirmed our initial design. The decreased interaction between the aryl groups and Ser 48 in GGTase-I binding site could be one possible reason to explain the improved selectivity for this new series of FTase inhibitors. Medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of compound 64 with potent cellular activity (EC(50) = 3.5 nM) and outstanding pharmacokinetic profiles in dog (96% bioavailable, 18.4 h oral t(1/2), and 0.19 L/(h x kg) plasma clearance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Globe Pharmaceutical R and Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6101, USA.
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19
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Curtin ML, Florjancic AS, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Frost DJ, Muchmore SW, Sham HL. Novel and selective imidazole-containing biphenyl inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1367-71. [PMID: 12657284 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazole-containing biphenyls was prepared and evaluated in vitro for inhibition of FTase and cellular Ras processing. Several of these analogues, such as 21, are potent inhibitors of FTase (<1nM), FTase/GGTase selective (>300-fold) and cellularly active (<or=80nM). An X-ray crystal structure of inhibitor 21 bound to rat farnesyltransferase is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Curtin
- Department of Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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20
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Ferretti G, Dukat M, Giannella M, Piergentili A, Pigini M, Quaglia W, Damaj MI, Martin BR, Glennon RA. Homoazanicotine: a structure-affinity study for nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor binding. J Med Chem 2002; 45:4724-31. [PMID: 12361399 DOI: 10.1021/jm020188s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified 3-[(1-methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]pyridine (homoazanicotine, 8) as a novel nicotinic acetylcholinergic (nACh) receptor ligand. In the present investigation, after we determined that 8 binds selectively at nicotinic (K(i) = 7.8 nM) vs muscarinic (K(i) > 10,000 nM) acetylcholinergic receptors, we examined its structure-affinity relationships for nACh receptor binding. The features investigated included the influence of (i) the composition of connector that separates the two rings, (ii) the N-methyl group, (iii) the ring opening of the imidazoline ring, (iv) the pyridine nitrogen atom, and (v) the aromatization of the imidazoline ring on nACh receptor affinity. As with nicotine, the parent structure seems optimal and most structural changes reduce nACh receptor affinity. Also, as with nicotine analogues, alteration of the spacer group influences affinity in a manner that is somewhat different than that seen with the parent structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita di Camerino, 6032 Camerino, Italy
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21
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Houssin R, Pommery J, Salaün MC, Deweer S, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Hénichart JP. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of new farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:533-6. [PMID: 11784157 DOI: 10.1021/jm010297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics are described as Ras farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). They include cysteine and methionine as mimetics of the C-terminus sequence of farnesylated proteins. Furthermore, cysteine was replaced by heterocycles, taking into account the role of zinc and the metabolic instability of amino acids. The molecular docking of 8 in the active site of the enzyme and the pharmacological evaluation of the compounds are illustrative of a new class of FTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Houssin
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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22
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Hobbs DW, Guo T. Library design concepts and implementation strategies. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2001; 21:311-56. [PMID: 11789688 DOI: 10.1081/rrs-100107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Hobbs
- Pharmacopeia, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Böhm M, Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Exploration of novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase using molecular modeling and benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3117-24. [PMID: 11543680 DOI: 10.1021/jm010873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most non-thiol CAAX-peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitors bear nitrogen-containing heterocycles in place of the terminal cysteine which are supposed to coordinate the enzyme-bound zinc. However, it has been shown that those nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be replaced by carbocyclic aromatic moieties which are unable to coordinate the zinc ion, a conclusion that resulted in the postulation of one or two hitherto unknown aryl binding sites. No indication has been given about the spatial location of these novel binding sites. Employing flexible docking of several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors known from the literature and some model compounds based on our benzophenone scaffold as well as performing GRID searches, we have identified two regions in the farnesyltransferase's active site which we suggest being the postulated aryl binding sites. One aryl binding region is located in close proximity to the zinc ion and is defined by the aromatic side chains of Tyr 300beta, Trp 303beta, Tyr 361beta, and Tyr 365beta. The second aryl binding site is defined by the side chains of Tyr 300beta, Leu 295beta, Lys 294beta, Lys 353beta, and Lys 356beta. This second aryl binding site has been used for the design of a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor (9c) with an IC(50) of 35 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Böhm
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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24
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Adamczyk M, Reddy RE. Synthesis of (R)-(+)-methyl 3-amino-3-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)propanoate, an analog of l-azatyrosine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Prendergast GC, Oliff A. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: antineoplastic properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical prospects. Semin Cancer Biol 2000; 10:443-52. [PMID: 11170866 DOI: 10.1006/scbi.2000.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors are among the current wave of molecularly targeted anti-cancer agents being used to attack malignancy in a rational manner. A large body of preclinical data indicates that FTase inhibitors block cancer cell proliferation through both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, FTase inhibitors have rather limited effects on normal cell function, suggesting that they may target unique aspects of cancer cell pathophysiology. The development of FTase inhibitors was predicated on the discovery that the Ras oncoproteins must be post-translationally modified to transform cells. However, recent work indicates that the anti-neoplastic effects of FTase inhibitors depend on altering the post-translational modifications of non-Ras proteins as well. In particular, a critical target protein that responds to FTase inhibition by blocking tumor cell growth is RhoB, an endosomal Rho protein that functions in receptor trafficking. In this review, we survey the biological foundations for the clinical development of FTase inhibitors, and consider some of the latest mechanistic studies that reveal how these agents affect cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Prendergast
- Department of Cancer Research, Dupont Pharmaceuticals Company, Glenolden Laboratory, Glenolden, PA 19036, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bamford
- GlaxoWellcome Medicines Research Center, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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27
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Dinsmore CJ, Williams TM, O'Neill TJ, Liu D, Rands E, Culberson JC, Lobell RB, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Gibbs JB, Oliff AI, Graham SL, Hartman GD. Imidazole-containing diarylether and diarylsulfone inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3301-6. [PMID: 10612589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and syntheses of non-thiol inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are described. Optimization of cysteine-substituted diarylethers led to highly potent imidazole-containing diarylethers and diarylsulfones. Polar diaryl linkers dramatically improved potency and gave highly cell active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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28
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Qian Y, Marugan JJ, Fossum RD, Vogt A, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD. Probing the hydrophobic pocket of farnesyltransferase: aromatic substitution of CAAX peptidomimetics leads to highly potent inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:3011-24. [PMID: 10658608 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine farnesylation at the carboxylate terminal tetrapeptide CAAX of Ras protein is catalyzed by farnesyltransferase. This lipid modification is necessary for regulatory function of both normal and oncogenic Ras. The high frequency of Ras mutation in human cancers has prompted an intensive study on finding ways of controlling oncogenic Ras function. Inhibition of farnesyltransferase is among the most sought after targets for cancer chemotherapy. We report here the design, synthesis and biological characterization of a series of peptidomimetics as farnesyltransferase inhibitors. These compounds are extremely potent towards farnesyltransferase with IC50 values ranging from subnanomolar to low nanomolar concentrations. They have a high selectivity for farnesyltransferase over the closely related geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that a properly positioned hydrophobic group significantly enhanced inhibition potency, reflecting an improved complementarity to the large hydrophobic pocket in the CAAX binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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29
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Henry KJ, Wasicak J, Tasker AS, Cohen J, Ewing P, Mitten M, Larsen JJ, Kalvin DM, Swenson R, Ng SC, Saeed B, Cherian S, Sham H, Rosenberg SH. Discovery of a series of cyclohexylethylamine-containing protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors exhibiting potent cellular activity. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4844-52. [PMID: 10579847 DOI: 10.1021/jm990335v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a library of secondary benzylic amines based on the Sebti-Hamilton type peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor FTI-276 (1) led to the identification of 6 as a potent enzyme inhibitor (IC(50) of 8 nM) which lacked the problematic thiol residue which had been a common theme in many of the more important FTase inhibitors reported to date. It has previously been disclosed that addition of o-tolyl substitution to FTase inhibitors of the general description 2 had a salutary effect on both FTase inhibition and inhibition of Ras prenylation in whole cells. Combination of these two observations led us to synthesize 7, a potent FTase inhibitor which displayed an IC(50) of 0.16 nM for in vitro inhibition of FTase and an EC(50) of 190 nM for inhibition of whole cell Ras prenylation. Modification of 7 by classical medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of a series of potent FTase inhibitors, culminating in the identification of 25 which exhibited an IC(50) of 0.20 nM and an EC(50) of 4.4 nM. In vivo tests in a nude mouse xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer (MiaPaCa cells) showed that oral dosing of 25 gave rise to impressive attenuation of the growth of this aggressive tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Henry
- Departments of Cancer Research, D-47B, Combinatorial Chemistry, D-4CP, and Anti-infective Research, D-47T, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA.
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30
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O'Connor SJ, Barr KJ, Wang L, Sorensen BK, Tasker AS, Sham H, Ng SC, Cohen J, Devine E, Cherian S, Saeed B, Zhang H, Lee JY, Warner R, Tahir S, Kovar P, Ewing P, Alder J, Mitten M, Leal J, Marsh K, Bauch J, Hoffman DJ, Sebti SM, Rosenberg SH. Second-generation peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase demonstrating improved cellular potency and significant in vivo efficacy. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3701-10. [PMID: 10479301 DOI: 10.1021/jm9901935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of analogues of previously reported farnesyltransferase inhibitors, pyridyl benzyl ether 3 and pyridylbenzylamine 4, are described. Substitution of 3 at the 5-position of the core aryl ring resulted in inhibitors of equal or less potency against the enzyme and decreased efficacy in a cellular assay against Ras processing by the enzyme. Substitution of 4 at the benzyl nitrogen yielded 26, which showed improved efficacy and potency and yet presented a poor pharmacokinetic profile. Further modification afforded 30, which demonstrated a dramatically improved pharmacokinetic profile. Compounds 26 and 29 demonstrated significant in vivo efficacy in nude mice inoculated with MiaPaCa-2, a human pancreatic tumor-derived cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J O'Connor
- Department of Cancer Research D-47B, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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31
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Ciccarone TM, MacTough SC, Williams TM, Dinsmore CJ, O'Neill TJ, Shah D, Culberson JC, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Gibbs JB, Oliff AI, Graham SL, Hartman GD. Non-thiol 3-aminomethylbenzamide inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1991-6. [PMID: 10450968 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The design and syntheses of non-thiol inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are described. Substitutions on an imidazolylmethyl-AMBA-methionine template gave a highly potent and cell-active inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ciccarone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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32
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Oliff A. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: targeting the molecular basis of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1423:C19-30. [PMID: 10382537 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(99)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Augeri DJ, Janowick D, Kalvin D, Sullivan G, Larsen J, Dickman D, Ding H, Cohen J, Lee J, Warner R, Kovar P, Cherian S, Saeed B, Zhang H, Tahir S, Ng SC, Sham H, Rosenberg SH. Potent and orally bioavailable noncysteine-containing inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1069-74. [PMID: 10328287 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Potent and orally bioavailable nonthiol-containing inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase are described. Oral bioavailability was achieved by replacement of the pyridyl ether moiety of 1 with a 2-substituted furan ether to give 4. Potency was regained with 2,5-disubstituted furan ethers while maintaining the bioavailability inherent in 4. p-Chlorophenylfuran ether 24 is 0.7 nM in vitro (FTase) and is 32% bioavailable in the mouse, 30% bioavailable in rats, and 21% bioavailable in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Augeri
- Department of Cancer Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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34
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Shen W, Fakhoury S, Donner G, Henry K, Lee J, Zhang H, Cohen J, Warner R, Saeed B, Cherian S, Tahir S, Kovar P, Bauch J, Ng SC, Marsh K, Sham H, Rosenberg S. Potent inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase: heteroarenes as cysteine replacements. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:703-8. [PMID: 10201832 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of heteroarenes as reduced cysteine replacements are described. Of the heteroaryl groups examined with respect to FT inhibitor FTI-276 (1), pyridyl was the replacement found to be most effective. Substitutions at C4 of the pyridyl moiety did not affect the in vitro activity. Compound 9a was found to have moderate in vivo bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shen
- Cancer Research, Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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