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Wang XS, Shi DQ, Wei XY, Zong ZM. A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-Cyano-4-Aryl-9,10-Dihydrobenzo[f] Chromene Derivatives Catalysed by KF/Al2O3. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234043431889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-9,10-dihydrobenzo[ f]chromene derivatives were synthesised from arylaldehyde, malononitrile with 7-methoxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-one in ethyl alcohol at refluxing temperature catalysed by KF-Al2O3. The structure of the product was confirmed by X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Jiangsu, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Da-qing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Jiangsu, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xian-yong Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008, China
| | - Zhi-min Zong
- School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008, China
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2
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Paterno' A, D'Anna F, Fortuna CG, Musumarra G. Polarity study of ionic liquids with the solvatochromic dye Nile Red: a QSPR approach using in silico VolSurf+ descriptors. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Paternò A, Bocci G, Goracci L, Musumarra G, Scirè S. Modelling the aquatic toxicity of ionic liquids by means of VolSurf in silico descriptors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:1-15. [PMID: 26727707 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
VolSurf+ in silico physicochemical descriptors for both the cationic and the anionic counterparts of ionic liquids (ILs) have been derived. These descriptors, suitable for molecular modelling of IL structures which, due to their amphiphilic nature, interact strongly with biological matrices, can be related to aquatic toxicity by means of a partial least squares statistical model. This model gives an insight into the relationships between structural physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity as well as a satisfactory quantitative structure-property correlation, allowing prediction of aquatic toxicity scores of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paternò
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G Bocci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - L Goracci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - G Musumarra
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - S Scirè
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
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4
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Tee JT, Yaeghoobi M, Chee CF, Rahman NA. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2,2-Dimethyl-2 H-chromenes via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Coupling and SiO 2-Promoted Condensation of o-Halophenols with 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1056371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ti Tee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzieh Yaeghoobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Guyon C, Métay E, Popowycz F, Lemaire M. Synthetic applications of hypophosphite derivatives in reduction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7879-906. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to collect the applications in fine synthesis of hypophosphite derivatives as reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Guyon
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
| | - Estelle Métay
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Equipe Chimie Organique et Bioorganique
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA Lyon)
- F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
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Dong J, Krasnova L, Finn MG, Sharpless KB. Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx): another good reaction for click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9430-48. [PMID: 25112519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aryl sulfonyl chlorides (e.g. Ts-Cl) are beloved of organic chemists as the most commonly used S(VI) electrophiles, and the parent sulfuryl chloride, O2 S(VI) Cl2 , has also been relied on to create sulfates and sulfamides. However, the desired halide substitution event is often defeated by destruction of the sulfur electrophile because the S(VI) Cl bond is exceedingly sensitive to reductive collapse yielding S(IV) species and Cl(-) . Fortunately, the use of sulfur(VI) fluorides (e.g., R-SO2 -F and SO2 F2 ) leaves only the substitution pathway open. As with most of click chemistry, many essential features of sulfur(VI) fluoride reactivity were discovered long ago in Germany.6a Surprisingly, this extraordinary work faded from view rather abruptly in the mid-20th century. Here we seek to revive it, along with John Hyatt's unnoticed 1979 full paper exposition on CH2 CH-SO2 -F, the most perfect Michael acceptor ever found.98 To this history we add several new observations, including that the otherwise very stable gas SO2 F2 has excellent reactivity under the right circumstances. We also show that proton or silicon centers can activate the exchange of SF bonds for SO bonds to make functional products, and that the sulfate connector is surprisingly stable toward hydrolysis. Applications of this controllable ligation chemistry to small molecules, polymers, and biomolecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (USA)
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7
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Dong J, Krasnova L, Finn MG, Sharpless KB. Schwefel(VI)-fluorid-Austausch (SuFEx): Eine weitere gute Anwendung für die Click-Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Martelli A, Manfroni G, Sabbatini P, Barreca ML, Testai L, Novelli M, Sabatini S, Massari S, Tabarrini O, Masiello P, Calderone V, Cecchetti V. 1,4-Benzothiazine ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Openers: Modifications at the C-2 and C-6 Positions. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4718-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno
6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno
6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Novelli
- Dipartimento
di Ricerca Traslazionale
e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Dipartimento
di Ricerca Traslazionale
e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno
6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Parmar NJ, Teraiya SB, Barad HA, Sharma D, Gupta VK. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Precursors of Some Novel Aminochromene Annulated Heterocycles via Domino Knoevenagel–hetero-Diels–Alder Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.652755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narsidas J. Parmar
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Shashikant B. Teraiya
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Hitesh A. Barad
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- b Postgraduate Department of Physics , University of Jammu , Jammu Tawi , India
| | - Vivek K. Gupta
- b Postgraduate Department of Physics , University of Jammu , Jammu Tawi , India
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Parmar NJ, Pansuriya BR, Labana BM, Sutariya TR, Kant R, Gupta VK. Access to Some Angular Aminochromeno[2,3-c]pyrazole Precursors by a Domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Madabhushi S, Jillella R, Godala KR, Mallu KKR, Beeram CR, Chinthala N. An efficient and simple method for synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted-2H-chromenes by condensation of a phenol with a 1,1-disubstituted propargyl alcohol using BF3·Et2O as the catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Parmar NJ, Pansuriya BR, Barad HA, Kant R, Gupta VK. An improved microwave assisted one-pot synthesis, and biological investigations of some novel aryldiazenyl chromeno fused pyrrolidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4075-9. [PMID: 22607678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An improved microwave assisted one-pot method for the synthesis of twelve new aryldiazenylchromeno [4,3-b] pyrrolidines via intramolecular azomethine ylide cycloaddition route is described. The method is efficient and advantageous over conventional and solvent-free thermal methods. The stereochemistry of the compounds was confirmed on the basis of various NMR experiments, and finally by single crystal X-ray diffraction data. N-Methyl or ethyl pyrrolidine based heterocycles gave good biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsidas J Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Cheng Q, Wang Q, Tan T, Wang M, Chen N. Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activities of 5-(2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyrimidione Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Parmar NJ, Patel RA, Teraiya SB, Sharma D, Gupta VK. Catalyst-and solvent-free one-pot synthesis of some novel polyheterocycles from aryldiazenyl salicylaldehyde derivatives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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ReCl(CO)5-catalyzed cyclocondensation of phenols with 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol to afford 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Parmar NJ, Teraiya SB, Patel RA, Talpada NP. Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate mediated domino reaction: synthesis of novel benzopyran-annulated pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lenkey N, Karoly R, Lukacs P, Vizi ES, Sunesen M, Fodor L, Mike A. Classification of drugs based on properties of sodium channel inhibition: a comparative automated patch-clamp study. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15568. [PMID: 21187965 PMCID: PMC3004914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is only one established drug binding site on sodium channels. However, drug binding of sodium channels shows extreme promiscuity: ∼25% of investigated drugs have been found to potently inhibit sodium channels. The structural diversity of these molecules suggests that they may not share the binding site, and/or the mode of action. Our goal was to attempt classification of sodium channel inhibitors by measuring multiple properties of inhibition in electrophysiology experiments. We also aimed to investigate if different properties of inhibition correlate with specific chemical properties of the compounds. Methodology/Principal Findings A comparative electrophysiological study of 35 compounds, including classic sodium channel inhibitors (anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics and local anesthetics), as well as antidepressants, antipsychotics and neuroprotective agents, was carried out using rNav1.2 expressing HEK-293 cells and the QPatch automatic patch-clamp instrument. In the multi-dimensional space defined by the eight properties of inhibition (resting and inactivated affinity, potency, reversibility, time constants of onset and offset, use-dependence and state-dependence), at least three distinct types of inhibition could be identified; these probably reflect distinct modes of action. The compounds were clustered similarly in the multi-dimensional space defined by relevant chemical properties, including measures of lipophilicity, aromaticity, molecular size, polarity and electric charge. Drugs of the same therapeutic indication typically belonged to the same type. We identified chemical properties, which were important in determining specific properties of inhibition. State-dependence correlated with lipophilicity, the ratio of the neutral form of molecules, and aromaticity: We noticed that the highly state dependent inhibitors had at least two aromatic rings, logP>4.0, and pKa<8.0. Conclusions/Significance The correlations of inhibition properties both with chemical properties and therapeutic profiles would not have been evident through the sole determination of IC50; therefore, recording multiple properties of inhibition may allow improved prediction of therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lenkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Karoly
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Lukacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Laszlo Fodor
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpad Mike
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Schmitt CA, Heiss EH, Schachner D, Aristei Y, Severin T, Dirsch VM. A Maillard reaction product enhances eNOS activity in human endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:1031-8. [PMID: 20112298 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Although dietary factors can modulate eNOS activity, putative effects of processed food are barely investigated. We aimed to examine whether the model Maillard reaction product 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propyl-4(1H)-pyridone (HMPP), formed from maltol or starch and propylamine, affects the eNOS system. Incubation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with 30-300 microM HMPP for 18 h enhanced endothelial NO release measured with the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-2 and eNOS activity determined by the [14C]L-arginine-[14C]L-citrulline conversion assay. HMPP increased NO production also in two different types of primary human endothelial cells. Protein levels of eNOS and inducible NO synthase remained unaltered by HMPP. HMPP inhibited eNOS activity within the first 2-4 h, whereas it potently increased eNOS activity after 12-24 h. Levels of eNOS phosphorylation, expression of heat-shock protein 90, caveolin-1 and various antioxidant enzymes were not affected. Intracellular reactive oxygen species remained unchanged by HMPP. This is the first study to demonstrate positive effects of a Maillard reaction product on eNOS activity and endothelial NO production, which is considered favourable for cardiovascular protection.
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Efficient Synthesis Of Dihydrochromeno[4,3-B] Chromenone and Derivatives In Aqueous Media. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2010.16.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Sroka IM, Heiss EH, Havlicek L, Totzke F, Aristei Y, Pechan P, Kubbutat MHG, Strnad M, Dirsch VM. A novel roscovitine derivative potently induces G1-phase arrest in platelet-derived growth factor-BB-activated vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 77:255-61. [PMID: 19903826 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to the pathogenesis of restenosis. Thus, drugs interfering with cell cycle progression in VSMC are promising candidates for an antirestenotic therapy. In this study, we pharmacologically characterize N-5-(2-aminocyclohexyl)-N-7-benzyl-3-isopropyl-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5,7-di-amine (LGR1406), a novel derivative of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor roscovitine (ROSC), in PDGF-BB-activated VSMC. Cell proliferation was quantified measuring DNA synthesis via 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Analysis of cell cycle distribution was done by flow cytometry using propidium iodide-stained nuclei. Key regulators of the cell cycle and relevant signaling pathways were dissected by Western blot analyses. In addition, in vitro kinase assays and in silico studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profile of both compounds were performed. LGR1406 shows a stronger (IC(50) = 3.0 muM) antiproliferative activity than ROSC (IC(50) = 16.9 muM), halting VSMCs in G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, whereas ROSC does not arrest but rather delays cell cycle progression. Neither of the compounds interferes with early PDGF-BB-induced signaling pathways (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), and both inhibit CDKs, with LGR1406 exerting a slightly higher potency against CDK1/2 and 4 than ROSC. Expression of cyclins A and E as well as hyperphosphorylation of the pocket proteins retinoblastoma protein and p107 are negatively affected by both compounds, although to a different extent. In silico calculations predicted a much higher metabolic stability for LGR1406 compared with ROSC. Altogether, ROSC derivatives, such as LGR1406 seem to be promising compounds for further development in antirestenotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Sroka
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Structural understanding of quorum-sensing inhibitors by molecular modeling study in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tu S, Wu S, Yan S, Hao W, Zhang X, Cao X, Han Z, Jiang B, Shi F, Xia M, Zhou J. Design and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Naphtho[2,3-f]quinoline Derivatives and Their Luminescent Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:239-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800094m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Zhengguo Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Min Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Huaiyin Teachers College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223300, P. R. China
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Schmitt CA, Heiss EH, Aristei Y, Severin T, Dirsch VM. Norfuraneol dephosphorylates eNOS at threonine 495 and enhances eNOS activity in human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:750-7. [PMID: 19036824 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Pentoses are widely abundant in organic food. Thermal treatment of pentoses leads to the formation of norfuraneol (NF). The aim of this study was to show whether NF, which is taken up regularly, for example with cooked food, affects the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was performed using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), HUVEC-derived EA.hy926 cells, and bovine aortic endothelial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) release and eNOS activity were measured using diaminofluorescein-2 and [14C]L-arginine/[14C]L-citrulline conversion. Levels of (phospho-)eNOS were detected by western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Pharmacokinetic parameters of NF were calculated by VolSurf software. NF dose dependently increased eNOS activity and NO release (30-300 microM), but did not affect total eNOS protein or cellular ROS levels. The increase in eNOS activity coincided with specific dephosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495, known to enhance eNOS activity. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by calyculin A, tautomycetin, or siRNA against PP1 reversed NF-induced eNOS-Thr495 dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation at eNOS-Ser1177 was not significantly altered by NF. Inhibition of protein kinase C with bisindolylmaleimide I (GFX) or calphostin C mimicked the effect of NF. In contrast to GFX, however, NF had no effect on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced endothelial ROS formation. In silico, NF is stable towards CYP3A4 metabolism, shows low protein binding, and high tissue distribution. CONCLUSION NF enhances endothelial NO release most likely by promoting specific dephosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495 via PP1 in vitro and may be a promising compound to enhance endothelial function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Zhuang Q, Zhou D, Tu S, Li C, Cao L, Shao Q. A highly efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of chromeno-[3,4-b][4,7]phenanthroline derivatives through multicomponent reactions in water. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Li H, Wang J, E-Nunu T, Zu L, Jiang W, Wei S, Wang W. One-pot approach to chiral chromenesvia enantioselective organocatalytic domino oxa-Michael–aldol reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:507-9. [PMID: 17252110 DOI: 10.1039/b611502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective (S)-diphenylpyrrolinol triethylsilyl ether promoted tandem oxa-Michael-aldol reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes with salicylaldehydes has been developed; the method affords one-pot access to chiral and synthetically useful chromenes in high yields and high enantioselectivities from readily available compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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28
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Wang X, Zhang M, Zeng Z, Shi D, Tu S. Clean Procedure for Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐b]benzo [f]quinolin‐6‐one Derivatives: Reaction ofN‐arylidenenaphthalen‐2‐amine with 4‐Hydroxycoumarin in Aqueous Media. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600634449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Stephan D, Salamon E, Weber H, Russ U, Lemoine H, Quast U. KATP channel openers of the benzopyran type reach their binding site via the cytosol. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:199-205. [PMID: 16921394 PMCID: PMC2013803 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are composed of pore-forming subunits (Kir6.x) and of sulphonylurea receptors (SUR). Both sulphonylureas and K(ATP) channel openers act by binding to SUR. Sulphonylureas reach their binding site from the cytosol but it remains unknown whether this holds for openers too. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A poorly membrane-permeant sulphonic acid derivative of the benzopyran-type opener, bimakalim, was synthesized, descyano-bimakalim-6-sulphonic acid (BMSA). Binding of BMSA and bimakalim was compared in membranes and intact cells expressing the Kir6.2/SUR2B channel and channel opening was compared in inside-out patches and whole cells. KEY RESULTS In membranes, bimakalim and BMSA bound to Kir6.2/SUR2B with Ki values of 61 nM and 4.3 microM, showing that the negative charge decreased affinity 69-fold. In intact cells, however, binding of BMSA was much weaker than in membranes (75-fold) whereas that of bimakalim was unchanged. The Ki value of BMSA decreased with increasing incubation time. In inside-out patches, bimakalim (1 microM) and BMSA (100 microM) opened the Kir6.2/SUR2B channel closed by MgATP to a similar degree whereas in whole-cell experiments, only bimakalim was effective. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Despite its negative charge, BMSA is an effective channel opener. The fact that BMSA binds and acts more effectively when applied to the inner side of the cell membrane shows that benzopyran openers reach their binding site at SUR from the cytosol. This suggests that the binding pocket of SUR is only open on the cytoplasmic side.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stephan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Wang X, Shi D, Li Y, Chen H, Wei X, Zong Z. A Clean Synthesis of 1‐Oxo‐hexahydroxanthene Derivatives in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by TEBA. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200046510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐shan Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Xuzhou Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- b The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant , Xuzhou, China
- c School of Chemical Engineering , China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou, China
| | - Da‐qing Shi
- a Department of Chemistry , Xuzhou Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- b The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant , Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu‐ling Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Xuzhou Normal University , Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- b The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant , Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- c School of Chemical Engineering , China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou, China
| | - Xian‐yong Wei
- c School of Chemical Engineering , China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi‐min Zong
- c School of Chemical Engineering , China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou, China
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31
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Agrawal VK, Singh J, Gupta M, Jaliwala YA, Khadikar PV, Supuran CT. QSAR studies on benzopyran potassium channel activators. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:360-6. [PMID: 16458392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
QSAR studies on a series of benzopyrans as potassium channel activators have been carried out using a large set of distance-based topological indices. In addition, the molecular descriptors namely: negentropy and molecular redundancy indices have also been used. The relaxant potency in rat trachea, expressed as pEC(50) was used for biological characterization of the benzopyrans. The results have shown that pEC(50) can be modeled excellently in multiparametric model in that we have to include an indicator parameter. The predictive powers of the proposed models are discussed on the bases of cross-validation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Agrawal
- QSAR and Computer Chemical Laboratories, APS University, Rewa, India
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32
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Wang XS, Zhang MM, Zeng ZS, Shi DQ, Tu SJ, Wei XY, Zong ZM. A Clean Procedure for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-b]benzo[f]quinoline and Quinolino[4,3-b]benzo[f]quinoline Derivatives in Aqueous Media. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Berellini G, Cruciani G, Mannhold R. Pharmacophore, Drug Metabolism, and Pharmacokinetics Models on Non-Peptide AT1, AT2, and AT1/AT2Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4389-99. [PMID: 15974591 DOI: 10.1021/jm049024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
About 20 non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists are in various stages of clinical development. Different modeling approaches were used to predict the pharmacophoric requirements for AT(1) (angiotensin II receptor subtype 1) affinity. However, to our knowledge, none was used to predict both the selectivity toward AT(1) and AT(2) (angiotensin II receptor subtype 2) receptor subtypes. In this paper, partial least squares discriminant analysis is applied to derive the chemical features guiding AT(1) and AT(2) selectivity or mixed AT(1)/AT(2) receptor binding. The method can be used to modulate AT(1) versus AT(2) selectivity. Concerns that unopposed stimulation of the AT(2) receptor might produce adverse effects initiated a search for new balanced antagonists. Moreover, it can serve as a fast filtering procedure in database searches. Finally, some relevant pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties of the database of 53 compounds are calculated using the VolSurf and MetaSite software to allow the simultaneous characterization of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics properties of the chemical space of angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Berellini
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Cheminformatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, Via Elce di sotto 10, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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34
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Mannhold R. KATP channel openers: structure-activity relationships and therapeutic potential. Med Res Rev 2004; 24:213-66. [PMID: 14705169 DOI: 10.1002/med.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) are heteromeric complexes of pore-forming inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunits and regulatory sulfonylurea receptor subunits. K(ATP) channels were identified in a variety of tissues including muscle cells, pancreatic beta-cells, and various neurons. They are regulated by the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio; ATP induces channel inhibition and MgADP induces channel opening. Functionally, K(ATP) channels provide a means of linking the electrical activity of a cell to its metabolic state. Shortening of the cardiac action potential, smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of both insulin secretion, and neurotransmitter release are mediated via K(ATP) channels. Given their many physiological functions, K(ATP) channels represent promising drug targets. Sulfonylureas like glibenclamide block K(ATP) channels; they are used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. Openers of K(ATP) channels (KCOs), for example, relax smooth muscle and induce hypotension. KCOs are chemically heterogeneous and include as different classes as the benzopyrans, cyanoguanidines, thioformamides, thiadiazines, and pyridyl nitrates. Examples for new chemical entities more recently developed as KCOs include cyclobutenediones, dihydropyridine related structures, and tertiary carbinols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Mannhold
- Department of Laser Medicine, Molecular Drug Research Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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35
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Cianchetta G, Mannhold R, Cruciani G, Baroni M, Cecchetti V. Chemometric Studies on the Bactericidal Activity of Quinolones via an Extended VolSurf Approach. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3193-201. [PMID: 15163198 DOI: 10.1021/jm030986y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An extended VolSurf approach, that additionally includes SHAPE descriptors, was applied to a dataset of 55 quinolones. Bactericidal activity was measured at Bayer AG, Germany, for Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis). Chemometric analysis was first approached via a classical VolSurf approach. The following descriptors were found most important: bactericidal activity particularly increases with high values of the best volume (BV11(OH2)) and the minimum energy (Emin1(OH2)) of the water probe, high values of the integy moment (ID(DRY)) of the lipophilic probe, and high values of the hydrophilic region (W(O)) of the hydrogen bond acceptor probe. Best volume (BV31(OH2)) of the water probe and best volume (BV12(DRY)) and lipophilic regions (D(DRY)) of the lipophilic probe as well as H-bonding capacity derived with the CO probe (HB(O)) are inversely related to activity. PLS analysis yields a five-component model with an r(2) of 0.83 and a q(2) of 0.43 after variable selection via fractional factorial design (FFD). Chemometric modeling could be improved by including newly derived SHAPE descriptors, which were merged with the VolSurf descriptors and subjected to PLS analysis. The global model of this extended VolSurf approach is optimal with two components and exhibits a significantly improved statistical quality; a marginally reduced r(2) (0.75 versus 0.83) is more than compensated by a highly improved predictivity with a q(2) of 0.63 versus 0.43. To prove model quality, external prediction of seven test set quinolones was performed. The precise prediction of all test set molecules nicely demonstrates the robustness and statistical significance of the obtained chemometric model using the extended VolSurf approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cianchetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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Thompson R, Doggrell S, Hoberg JO. Potassium channel activators based on the benzopyran substructure: synthesis and activity of the C-8 substituent. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1663-8. [PMID: 12659752 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of methoxy bearing 2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyrans have been achieved for testing as potassium channel activators. The synthesis involves formation of 6-cyano-8-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran from vanillin, epoxidation, then ring opening of the epoxide with nitrogen nucleophiles to produce the new benzopyrans. Biological testing showed a dramatic decrease in activity thus revealing an important site of activity in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Thompson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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37
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Borges EG, Takahata Y. The 4-indolyl-2-guanidinothiazoles QSAR study of anti-ulcer activity using quantum descriptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Salamon E, Mannhold R, Weber H, Lemoine H, Frank W. 6-Sulfonylchromenes as highly potent K(ATP)-channel openers. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1086-97. [PMID: 11855989 DOI: 10.1021/jm010999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized K(ATP)-channel openers (KCOs) composed of the 4-pyridonechromene moiety of bimakalim (1) and a variety of sulfonyl-containing 6-substituents 4-29. Dilator potencies were measured in rat aorta and trachea. In both test systems the KCOs exhibit potency ranges of roughly 3 log units. The 6-N-phenyl-N-methylsulfonamido derivative 24 shows the highest potency. In rat aorta the potency spectrum ranges from a pEC(50) value of 8.76 to 5.68; in rat trachea it ranges from 8.01 to 4.99. On average, the dilator activity is about 0.8 log units stronger in the aorta. Aortic relaxation by chromene 13 is markedly retarded, the clinical relevance of which (e.g., preventing tachycardia) remains to be clarified. Binding affinities were determined in myocardial membranes and aortic smooth muscle cells of the rat. The affinity spectrum in myocardial membranes ranges from a pK(D) of 7.83 to 5.18; the highest affinity in aortic smooth muscle cells is measured for compound 28 (pK(D) = 8.55), whereas the lowest affinity is measured for 4 (pK(D) = 4.51). Significant selectivities discriminating between K(ATP)-channels of different organs could not be detected. PLS analysis yielded no significant correlation between vasodilator activity in aorta and chemical descriptors (GRIND). Compounds 13, 24, and 28 represent the most potent KCOs of the 4-pyridonechromene type published so far. Their 6-substituents exhibit a phenyl ring with a congruent conformational orientation in relation to the sulfonylchromene. From SAR data and conformational analysis we postulate that these new 6-substituents extend the binding site for chromene KCOs. Correspondingly, we assume that the receptor area exhibits two separate interaction sites with the capacity to bind 6-substituents: (a) one site interacting with negatively polarized partial structures (e.g., CN, NO(2), SO(2)) and (b) one spatially restricted site enabling favorable pi-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekkehart Salamon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Filizola M, Tasso SM, Loew GH, Villar HO. Global physicochemical properties as activity discriminants for the mGluR1 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors. J Comput Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Cruciani G, Pastor M, Guba W. VolSurf: a new tool for the pharmacokinetic optimization of lead compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000; 11 Suppl 2:S29-39. [PMID: 11033425 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the modeling and prediction of pharmacokinetic properties based on computed molecular interaction fields and multivariate statistics has been investigated in different experimental datasets. The program VolSurf was used to correlate 3D molecular structures with physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties. In membrane partitioning, VolSurf produced a two-component model explaining 94% of the total variation with a predictive q(2) of 0.90. This result was achieved without conformational sampling and without any quantum-chemical calculation. For the prediction of blood-brain barrier penetration the VolSurf model was able to predict the BBB profile for most of the drugs in the external prediction set. In Caco-2 and MDCK permeation experiments, VolSurf was used with success to establish statistical models and to predict the behaviour of new compounds. The method thus appears as a valuable new property filter in virtual screening and as a novel tool in optimizing the pharmacokinetic profile of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cruciani
- Laboratory for Chemometrics, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 10, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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41
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Crivori P, Cruciani G, Carrupt PA, Testa B. Predicting blood-brain barrier permeation from three-dimensional molecular structure. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2204-16. [PMID: 10841799 DOI: 10.1021/jm990968+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Predicting blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation remains a challenge in drug design. Since it is impossible to determine experimentally the BBB partitioning of large numbers of preclinical candidates, alternative evaluation methods based on computerized models are desirable. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the value of descriptors derived from 3D molecular fields in estimating the BBB permeation of a large set of compounds and to produce a simple mathematical model suitable for external prediction. The method used (VolSurf) transforms 3D fields into descriptors and correlates them to the experimental permeation by a discriminant partial least squares procedure. The model obtained here correctly predicts more than 90% of the BBB permeation data. By quantifying the favorable and unfavorable contributions of physicochemical and structural properties, it also offers valuable insights for drug design, pharmacological profiling, and screening. The computational procedure is fully automated and quite fast. The method thus appears as a valuable new tool in virtual screening where selection or prioritization of candidates is required from large collections of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Crivori
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, BEP, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
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42
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Cruciani G, Crivori P, Carrupt PA, Testa B. Molecular fields in quantitative structure–permeation relationships: the VolSurf approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(99)00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Lemoine H, Weber H, Derix A, Uhrig U, Höltje HD, Mannhold R. Relaxant activity in rat aorta and trachea, conversion to a muscarinic receptor antagonist and structure-activity relationships of new K(ATP) activating 6-varied benzopyrans. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 378:85-97. [PMID: 10478568 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To characterize ATP-sensitive channels (K(ATP) channels) benzopyrans with different substituents at position 6 were synthesized as new K(ATP)-activators. Their relaxant potencies were determined in rat aorta and trachea. In aorta, pEC50-values (-log, M) ranged from 7.37 to 5.43; in trachea, pEC50-values were 0.3 to 0.8 log units lower. Functional data were compared with binding data obtained in calf tracheal cells using the cyanoguanidine [3H]P1075 (N-cyano-N'-1,1-dimethyl[2,3(n)-3H]propyl)-N11-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine) as radioligand. A high correlation (r = 0.96) between pEC50- and pKD-values indicated that tracheal relaxation produced by benzopyrans is mediated via K(ATP) channels without signal amplification. The permanently charged trimethylammonium derivative designed as a probe for the membrane site of action completely lost its affinity for K(ATP) channels, but converted to an antagonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (pK(B) = 6.12+/-0.10), as confirmed in radioligand binding studies (pK(D) = 5.77+/-0.04). Structure-activity analyses revealed that the 6-substituent influences biological activity by a direct receptor interaction of its own and not indirectly by withdrawing electrons from the benzopyran nucleus. The variance of the biological activity is primarily determined by electrostatic properties, but desolvation energies additionally contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lemoine
- Institut für Lasermedizin, Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Wirkstoff-Forschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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