1
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Vigorov AY, Nizova IA, Levit GL, Matveeva TV, Sadretdinova LS, Nazarov OI, Kovalev NS, Bakulin DA, Kurkin DV, Tyurenkov IN, Krasnov VP. Synthesis and study of antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of 4-substituted pyroglutamic acids. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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2
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Fuse S, Komuro K, Otake Y, Masui H, Nakamura H. Rapid and Mild Lactamization Using Highly Electrophilic Triphosgene in a Microflow Reactor. Chemistry 2021; 27:7525-7532. [PMID: 33496974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactams are cyclic amides that are indispensable as drugs and as drug candidates. Conventional lactamization includes acid-mediated and coupling-agent-mediated approaches that suffer from narrow substrate scope, much waste, and/or high cost. Inexpensive, less-wasteful approaches mediated by highly electrophilic reagents are attractive, but there is an imminent risk of side reactions. Herein, a methods using highly electrophilic triphosgene in a microflow reactor that accomplishes rapid (0.5-10 s), mild, inexpensive, and less-wasteful lactamization are described. Methods A and B, which use N-methylmorpholine and N-methylimidazole, respectively, were developed. Various lactams and a cyclic peptide containing acid- and/or heat-labile functional groups were synthesized in good to high yields without the need for tedious purification. Undesired reactions were successfully suppressed, and the risk of handling triphosgene was minimized by the use of microflow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiji Komuro
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuma Otake
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masui
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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3
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Mei H, Han J, White S, Graham DJ, Izawa K, Sato T, Fustero S, Meanwell NA, Soloshonok VA. Tailor-Made Amino Acids and Fluorinated Motifs as Prominent Traits in Modern Pharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2020; 26:11349-11390. [PMID: 32359086 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structural analysis of modern pharmaceutical practices allows for the identification of two rapidly growing trends: the introduction of tailor-made amino acids and the exploitation of fluorinated motifs. Curiously, the former represents one of the most ubiquitous classes of naturally occurring compounds, whereas the latter is the most xenobiotic and comprised virtually entirely of man-made derivatives. Herein, 39 selected compounds, featuring both of these traits in the same molecule, are profiled. The total synthesis, source of the corresponding amino acids and fluorinated residues, and medicinal chemistry aspects and biological properties of the molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Sarah White
- Oakwood Chemical, Inc., 730 Columbia Hwy. N, Estill, SC, 29918, USA
| | - Daniel J Graham
- Oakwood Chemical, Inc., 730 Columbia Hwy. N, Estill, SC, 29918, USA
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Ibrahim RS, Mahrous RSR, Fathy HM, Omar AA, Abu EL-Khair RM. Anticoagulant activity screening of an in-house database of natural compounds for discovering novel selective factor Xa inhibitors; a combined in silico and in vitro approach. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Zhukovsky D, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Rh2
(esp)2
-Catalyzed Coupling of α-Diazo-γ-butyrolactams with Aromatic Amines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Zhukovsky
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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6
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Hao X, Zuo X, Kang D, Zhang J, Song Y, Liu X, Zhan P. Contemporary medicinal-chemistry strategies for discovery of blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:915-931. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1626821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, PR China
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7
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Hie B, Cho H, Berger B. Realizing private and practical pharmacological collaboration. Science 2018; 362:347-350. [PMID: 30337410 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although combining data from multiple entities could power life-saving breakthroughs, open sharing of pharmacological data is generally not viable because of data privacy and intellectual property concerns. To this end, we leverage modern cryptographic tools to introduce a computational protocol for securely training a predictive model of drug-target interactions (DTIs) on a pooled dataset that overcomes barriers to data sharing by provably ensuring the confidentiality of all underlying drugs, targets, and observed interactions. Our protocol runs within days on a real dataset of more than 1 million interactions and is more accurate than state-of-the-art DTI prediction methods. Using our protocol, we discover previously unidentified DTIs that we experimentally validated via targeted assays. Our work lays a foundation for more effective and cooperative biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hie
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyunghoon Cho
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Waldner BJ, Fuchs JE, Huber RG, von Grafenstein S, Schauperl M, Kramer C, Liedl KR. Quantitative Correlation of Conformational Binding Enthalpy with Substrate Specificity of Serine Proteases. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:299-308. [PMID: 26709959 PMCID: PMC4724848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Members of the same protease family
show different substrate specificity,
even if they share identical folds, depending on the physiological
processes they are part of. Here, we investigate the key factors for
subpocket and global specificity of factor Xa, elastase, and granzyme
B which despite all being serine proteases and sharing the chymotrypsin-fold
show distinct substrate specificity profiles. We determined subpocket
interaction potentials with GRID for static X-ray structures and an in silico generated ensemble of conformations. Subpocket
interaction potentials determined for static X-ray structures turned
out to be insufficient to explain serine protease specificity for
all subpockets. Therefore, we generated conformational ensembles using
molecular dynamics simulations. We identified representative binding
site conformations using distance-based hierarchical agglomerative
clustering and determined subpocket interaction potentials for each
representative conformation of the binding site. Considering the differences
in subpocket interaction potentials for these representative conformations
as well as their abundance allowed us to quantitatively explain subpocket
specificity for the nonprime side for all three example proteases
on a molecular level. The methods to identify key regions determining
subpocket specificity introduced in this study are directly applicable
to other serine proteases, and the results provide starting points
for new strategies in rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit J Waldner
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Roland G Huber
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A* STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix#07-01, 138671 Singapore
| | - Susanne von Grafenstein
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schauperl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Kramer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck , Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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New series of 6-substituted coumarin derivatives as effective factor Xa inhibitors: Synthesis, in vivo antithrombotic evaluation and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2014; 52:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani K, Mashayekhi V, Azerang P, Sardari S, Kobarfard F, Rostamizadeh K. Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Novel Thiadiazolylhydrazones of 1-Substituted Indole-3-carboxaldehydes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:224-36. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Gavazang Road, Zanjan 45139-56184 Iran
| | - Parisa Azerang
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute; Tehran 13164 Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute; Tehran 13164 Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali Asr Ave. Niayesh Junction; Tehran 14155-6153 Iran
- Phytochemistry Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Vali Asr Ave. Niayesh Junction, Tehran 14155-6153 Iran
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Gavazang Road, Zanjan 45139-56184 Iran
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Gavazang Road, Zanjan 45139-56184 Iran
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11
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Lin YS, Lin CY, Huang DY, Tsai TYR. Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Difuran and Furan-Thiophene via Suzuki Coupling. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Mashayekhi V, Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani K, Azerang P, Sardari S, Kobarfard F. Synthesis, antimycobacterial and anticancer activity of novel indole-based thiosemicarbazones. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 44:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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An Y, Sherman W, Dixon SL. Kernel-Based Partial Least Squares: Application to Fingerprint-Based QSAR with Model Visualization. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2312-21. [PMID: 23901898 DOI: 10.1021/ci400250c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling An
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120
West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Woody Sherman
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120
West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Steven L. Dixon
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120
West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
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14
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Lee YK, Player MR. Developments in factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:202-83. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Aubry S, Sasaki K, Eloy L, Aubert G, Retailleau P, Cresteil T, Crich D. Exploring the potential of the β-thiolactones in bioorganic chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7134-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Pinto DJP, Smallheer JM, Cheney DL, Knabb RM, Wexler RR. Factor Xa Inhibitors: Next-Generation Antithrombotic Agents. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6243-74. [PMID: 20503967 DOI: 10.1021/jm100146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. P. Pinto
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Joanne M. Smallheer
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Daniel L. Cheney
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Robert M. Knabb
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543
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17
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Lin HH, Han LY, Yap CW, Xue Y, Liu XH, Zhu F, Chen YZ. Prediction of factor Xa inhibitors by machine learning methods. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:505-18. [PMID: 17418603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors have been explored as anticoagulants for treatment and prevention of thrombotic diseases. Molecular docking, pharmacophore, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and support vector machines (SVM) have been used for computer prediction of FXa inhibitors. These methods achieve promising prediction accuracies of 69-80% for FXa inhibitors and 85-99% for non-inhibitors. Prediction performance, particularly for inhibitors, may be further improved by exploring methods applicable to more diverse range of compounds and by using more appropriate set of molecular descriptors. We tested the capability of several machine learning methods (C4.5 decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, probabilistic neural network, and support vector machine) by using a much more diverse set of 1098 compounds (360 inhibitors and 738 non-inhibitors) than those in other studies. A feature selection method was used for selecting molecular descriptors appropriate for distinguishing FXa inhibitors and non-inhibitors. The prediction accuracies of these methods are 89.1-97.5% for FXa inhibitors and 92.3-98.1% for non-inhibitors. In particular, compared to other studies, support vector machine gives a substantially improved accuracy of 94.6% for FXa non-inhibitors and maintains a comparable accuracy of 98.1% for inhibitors, based-on a more rigorous test with more diverse range of compounds. Our study suggests that machine learning methods such as SVM are useful for facilitating the prediction of FXa inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lin
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Blk SOC1, Level 7, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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18
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Chan C, Borthwick AD, Brown D, Burns-Kurtis CL, Campbell M, Chaudry L, Chung CW, Convery MA, Hamblin JN, Johnstone L, Kelly HA, Kleanthous S, Patikis A, Patel C, Pateman AJ, Senger S, Shah GP, Toomey JR, Watson NS, Weston HE, Whitworth C, Young RJ, Zhou P. Factor Xa Inhibitors: S1 Binding Interactions of a Series of N-{(3S)-1-[(1S)-1-Methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl}sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1546-57. [PMID: 17338508 DOI: 10.1021/jm060870c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Factor Xa inhibitory activities for a series of N-{(3S)-1-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl}sulfonamides with different P1 groups are described. These data provide insight into binding interactions within the S1 primary specificity pocket; rationales are presented for the derived SAR on the basis of electronic interactions through crystal structures of fXa-ligand complexes and molecular modeling studies. A good correlation between in vitro anticoagulant activities with lipophilicity and the extent of human serum albumin binding is observed within this series of potent fXa inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic profiles in rat and dog, together with selectivity over other trypsin-like serine proteases, identified 1f as a candidate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen Chan
- CVU UK Medicinal Chemistry Department, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
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19
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N. Maiti S, Kasani A, Subedi R, Stier M, D. Holsworth D. Cardiovascular Agents: Renin Inhibitors and Factor Xa Inhibitors. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-07-sr(u)1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Watson NS, Brown D, Campbell M, Chan C, Chaudry L, Convery MA, Fenwick R, Hamblin JN, Haslam C, Kelly HA, King NP, Kurtis CL, Leach AR, Manchee GR, Mason AM, Mitchell C, Patel C, Patel VK, Senger S, Shah GP, Weston HE, Whitworth C, Young RJ. Design and synthesis of orally active pyrrolidin-2-one-based factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3784-8. [PMID: 16697194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel, non-basic 3-(6-chloronaphth-2-ylsulfonyl)aminopyrrolidin-2-one-based factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors, incorporating an alanylamide P4 group, was designed and synthesised. Within this series, the N-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl derivative 24 was shown to be a potent, selective fXa inhibitor with good anticoagulant activity. Moreover, 24 possessed highly encouraging rat and dog pharmacokinetic profiles with excellent oral bioavailabilities in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Watson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
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21
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Tominey AF, Docherty PH, Rosair GM, Quenardelle R, Kraft A. Unusually Weak Binding Interactions in Tetrazole−Amidine Complexes. Org Lett 2006; 8:1279-82. [PMID: 16562871 DOI: 10.1021/ol053072+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Tetrazoles frequently replace carboxylic acids in pharmaceutical drugs. However, while the binding modes of tetrazolate and carboxylate anions in amidinium complexes turns out to be similar, the association constant of the former is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller in DMSO. Crystal structures revealed that the N...H-N hydrogen bonds in amidinium tetrazolates are bent (162 degrees and 169 degrees ) and noticeably longer (N...N 2.96 A) than corresponding hydrogen bonds in both amidinium carboxylates and ammonium tetrazolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan F Tominey
- Chemistry, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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22
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Bernier S, Akochy PM, Lapointe J, Chênevert R. Synthesis and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitory activity of aspartyl adenylate analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:69-75. [PMID: 15582453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Three nonhydrolyzable aspartyl adenylate analogs have been prepared and tested as inhibitors of E. coli aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. 5'-O-[N-(L-Aspartyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine is a potent competitive inhibitor (K(i) = 15 nM) whereas L-aspartol adenylate is a weaker inhibitor (K(i) = 45 microM) with respect to aspartic acid. The corresponding ketomethylphosphonate (a novel isosteric replacement) is also a strong inhibitor (K(i) = 123 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bernier
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur la fonction, la structure et l'ingénierie des protéines (CREFSIP), Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Micale N, Vairagoundar R, Yakovlev AG, Kozikowski AP. Design and Synthesis of a Potent and Selective Peptidomimetic Inhibitor of Caspase-3. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6455-8. [PMID: 15588079 DOI: 10.1021/jm049248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel potent and selective inhibitor of caspase-3, a member of the caspase family of cysteine proteases which plays an important role in many human disorders. This molecule represents 3(S)-acetylamino-N-[1-[(((3S)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)carbamoyl)methyl]-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl]succinamic acid, a monocyclic conformationally constrained form of the tetrapeptide Ac-DEVD-H, in which a 1,4-benzodiazepine nucleus is introduced internally to the peptidic sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Micale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Illinois 60612, USA.
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24
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Murcia M, Ortiz AR. Virtual screening with flexible docking and COMBINE-based models. Application to a series of factor Xa inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:805-20. [PMID: 14761183 DOI: 10.1021/jm030137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-step, fully automatic virtual screening procedure consisting of flexible docking followed by activity prediction by COMparative BINding Energy (COMBINE) analysis is presented. This novel approach has been successfully applied, as an example with medicinal chemistry interest, to a recently reported series of 133 factor Xa (fXa)(1) inhibitors whose activities encompass 4 orders of magnitude. The docking algorithm is linked to the COMBINE analysis program and used to derive independent regression models of the 133 inhibitors docked within three different fXa structures (PDB entries 1fjs, 1f0r, and 1xka), so as to explore the effect of receptor conformation on the overall results. Reliable docking conformations and predictive regression models requiring eight latent variables could be derived for two of the fXa structures, with the best model achieving a Q(2) of 0.63 and a standard deviation of errors of prediction (SDEP) of 0.51 (leave-one-out). The two-step procedure was then employed to screen a designed virtual library of 112 ligands, containing both active and inactive compounds. While docking energies alone could show a good performance for selecting hits, including structurally diverse ones, inclusion of COMBINE analysis regression models provided improved rankings for the identification of structurally related molecules in external sets. In our best case, a recognition rate of approximately 80% of known binders at approximately 15% false positives rate was achieved, corresponding to an enrichment factor of approximately 450% over random.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murcia
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1218, New York, New York 10029, USA
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25
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Hranjec M, Grdisa M, Pavelic K, Boykin DW, Karminski-Zamola G. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of some new substituted amidino-benzimidazolyl-furyl-phenyl-acrylates and naphtho[2,1-b]furan-carboxylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 58:1319-24. [PMID: 14630246 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The multistep synthesis of a series of substituted amidino-benzimidazolyl-furyl-phenyl-acrylic acid's esters and substituted amidino-benzimidazolyl-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-carboxylic acid's esters is described starting from corresponding 3-(2-furyl)-2-phenyl-acrylic acids. The new compounds were tested on the cytostatic activities against malignant cell lines: pancreatic carcinoma (MiaPaCa2), breast carcinoma (MCF7), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2), colon carcinoma (HT 29), melanoma (HBL), and human fibroblasts cell line (WI38). All compounds inhibited the proliferation of tumor cell lines. Inhibitory effect of examined compounds depended on concentration, but without significant difference among the type of tumor cells. The compounds 2 and 5 exerted very low inhibitory effect on the growth of human fibroblasts. Unsubstituted derivative 8 has not inhibited any tested cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Oostenbrink C, van Gunsteren WF. Single-step perturbations to calculate free energy differences from unphysical reference states: limits on size, flexibility, and character. J Comput Chem 2003; 24:1730-9. [PMID: 12964191 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.10304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Relative free energies for a series of not too different compounds can be estimated accurately from a single simulation of an unphysical reference state that encompasses the characteristic molecular features of the compounds. Previously, this method has been applied to the calculation of free energies of solvation and of ligand binding for small molecules. In the present study we investigate the limits to the accuracy of the method by applying it to a realistic model of the binding of a set of rather large ligands to the protein factor Xa, a key protein in current efforts to design anticoagulation drugs. The evaluation of the binding free energies and conformations of nine derivatives of a biphenylamidino inhibitor leads to insights regarding the effect of the size, flexibility, and character of the unphysical part of the ligand in the reference state on the accuracy of the predicted binding free energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Oostenbrink
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-Zürich, ETH Hönggerberg, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Lee K, Park CW, Jung WH, Park HD, Lee SH, Chung KH, Park SK, Kwon OH, Kang M, Park DH, Lee SK, Kim EE, Yoon SK, Kim A. Efficacious and orally bioavailable thrombin inhibitors based on a 2,5-thienylamidine at the P1 position: discovery of N-carboxymethyl-d-diphenylalanyl-l-prolyl[(5-amidino-2-thienyl)methyl]amide. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3612-22. [PMID: 12904065 DOI: 10.1021/jm030025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin, a crucial enzyme in the blood coagulation, has been a target for antithrombotic therapy. Orally active thrombin inhibitors would provide effective and safe prophylaxis for venous and arterial thrombosis. We conducted optimization of a highly efficacious benzamidine-based thrombin inhibitor LB30812 (3, K(i) = 3 pM) to improve oral bioavailability. Of a variety of arylamidines investigated at the P1 position, 2,5-thienylamidine effectively replaced the benzamidine without compromising the thrombin inhibitory potency and oral absorption. The sulfamide and sulfonamide derivatization at the N-terminal position in general afforded highly potent thrombin inhibitors but with moderate oral absorption, while the well-absorbable N-carbamate derivatives exhibited limited metabolic stability in S9 fractions. The present work culminated in the discovery of the N-carboxymethyl- and 2,5-thienylamidine-containing compound 22 that exhibits the most favorable profiles of anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities as well as oral bioavilability (K(i) = 15 pM; F = 43%, 42%, and 15% in rats, dogs, and monkeys, respectively). This compound on a gravimetric basis was shown to be more effective than a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in the venous thrombosis models of rat and rabbit. Compound 22 (LB30870) was therefore selected for further preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koo Lee
- LG Life Sciences Ltd./R&D Park, P.O. Box 61 Yu-Sung, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Korea.
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28
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Suero R, Gorgojo JM, Aurrecoechea JM. Synthesis of 3-aminopyrrolidines by cyclization of neutral C-centered α-aminoalkyl radicals. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Song Y, Clizbe L, Bhakta C, Teng W, Li W, Wu Y, Jia ZJ, Zhang P, Wang L, Doughan B, Su T, Kanter J, Woolfrey J, Wong P, Huang B, Tran K, Sinha U, Park G, Reed A, Malinowski J, Hollenbach S, Scarborough RM, Zhu BY. Design, synthesis, and SAR of substituted acrylamides as factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1511-5. [PMID: 12031331 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substituted acrylamides were used as templates that bridge P1 and P4 binding elements, resulting in a series of potent (sub-nanomolar) and selective factor Xa inhibitors. In this template, cis-geometry of P1 and P4 ligands is highly preferred. SAR on the substituting groups, as well as on modification of P1 and P4 moieties is described. Compounds in this series show good in vivo efficacy in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Song
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 256 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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30
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Lee K, Jung WH, Park CW, Park HD, Lee SH, Kwon OH. Noncovalent tripeptidic thrombin inhibitors incorporating amidrazone, amine and amidine functions at P1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1017-22. [PMID: 11909707 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of noncovalent tripeptidic thrombin inhibitors incorporating amidrazone, amine and amidine functions at P1 was investigated. While the amidrazone and the amine series displayed limited oral absorption, the amidine series demonstrated generally good oral absorption and strong antithrombotic activity; the single-digit picomolar K(i) achieved from this series is among the best yet reported. The present work highlights the benzamidine compound 11f (LB30812) that exhibits excellent overall profiles of potency, oral absorption and antithrombotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koo Lee
- Life Science R&D, LGCI, PO Box 61 Yu-Sung, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Republic of
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31
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Mackman RL, Katz BA, Breitenbucher JG, Hui HC, Verner E, Luong C, Liu L, Sprengeler PA. Exploiting subsite S1 of trypsin-like serine proteases for selectivity: potent and selective inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3856-71. [PMID: 11689072 DOI: 10.1021/jm010244+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A nonselective inhibitor of trypsin-like serine proteases, 2-(2-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamidine (1) (Verner, E.; Katz, B. A.; Spencer, J.; Allen, D.; Hataye, J.; Hruzewicz, W.; Hui, H. C.; Kolesnikov, A.; Li, Y.; Luong, C.; Martelli, A.; Radika. K.; Rai, R.; She, M.; Shrader, W.; Sprengeler, P. A.; Trapp, S.; Wang, J.; Young, W. B.; Mackman, R. L. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 2753-2771) has been optimized through minor structural changes on the S1 binding group to afford remarkably selective and potent inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). The trypsin-like serine proteases(1) that comprise drug targets can be broadly categorized into two subfamilies, those with Ser190 and those with Ala190. A single-atom modification, for example, replacement of hydrogen for chlorine at the 6-position of the 5-amidinoindole P1 group on 1, generated up to 6700-fold selectivity toward the Ser190 enzymes and against the Ala190 enzymes. The larger chlorine atom displaces a water molecule (H(2)O1(S1)) that binds near residue 190 in all the complexes of 1, and related inhibitors, in uPA, thrombin, and trypsin. The water molecule, H(2)O1(S1), in both the Ser190 or Ala190 enzymes, hydrogen bonds with the amidine N1 nitrogen of the inhibitor. When it is displaced, a reduction in affinity toward the Ala190 enzymes is observed due to the amidine N1 nitrogen of the bound inhibitor being deprived of a key hydrogen-bonding partner. In the Ser190 enzymes the affinity is maintained since the serine hydroxyl oxygen O gamma(Ser190) compensates for the displaced water molecule. High-resolution crystallography provided evidence for the displacement of the water molecule and validated the design rationale. In summation, a novel and powerful method for engineering selectivity toward Ser190 proteases and against Ala190 proteases without substantially increasing molecular weight is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Mackman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Axys Pharmaceuticals Inc., 180 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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32
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33
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Heinelt U, Herok S, Matter H, Wildgoose P. Solid-phase optimisation of achiral amidinobenzyl indoles as potent and selective factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:227-30. [PMID: 11206465 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the achiral and potent factor Xa inhibitor 1, a new and flexible solid-phase optimisation strategy is described to reduce its cationic character. By replacing one positively charged side chain by a lipophilic substituent, a novel series of highly potent and selective achiral factor Xa inhibitors was discovered. The identified lipophilic replacements in the S4 pocket might be valuable for other approaches towards fXa inhibitors.
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34
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Kastenholz MA, Pastor M, Cruciani G, Haaksma EE, Fox T. GRID/CPCA: a new computational tool to design selective ligands. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3033-44. [PMID: 10956211 DOI: 10.1021/jm000934y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a computational procedure aimed at understanding enzyme selectivity and guiding the design of drugs with respect to selectivity. It starts from a set of 3D structures of the target proteins characterized by the program GRID. In the multivariate description proposed, the variables are organized and scaled in a different way than previously published methodologies. Then, consensus principal component analysis (CPCA) is used to analyze the GRID descriptors, allowing the straightforward identification of possible modifications in the ligand to improve its selectivity toward a chosen target. As an important new feature the computational method is able to work with more than two target proteins and with several 3D structures for each protein. Additionally, the use of a 'cutout tool' allows to focus on the important regions around the active site. The method is validated for a total number of nine structures of the three homologous serine proteases thrombin, trypsin, and factor Xa. The regions identified by the method as being important for selectivity are in excellent agreement with available experimental data and inhibitor structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kastenholz
- Department of Chemical Research/Structural Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
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35
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Daura X, Haaksma E, van Gunsteren WF. Factor Xa: simulation studies with an eye to inhibitor design. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2000; 14:507-29. [PMID: 10921769 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008120005475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Factor Xa is a serine protease which activates thrombin and plays a key regulatory role in the blood-coagulation cascade. Factor Xa is at the crossroads of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation and, hence, has become an important target for the design of anti-thrombotics (inhibitors). It is not known to be involved in other processes than hemostasis and its binding site is different to that of other serine proteases, thus facilitating selective inhibition. The design of high-affinity selective inhibitors of factor Xa requires knowledge of the structural and dynamical characteristics of its active site. The three-dimensional structure of factor Xa was resolved by X-ray crystallography and refined at 2.2 A resolution by Padmanabhan and collaborators. In this article we present results from molecular dynamics simulations of the catalytic domain of factor Xa in aqueous solution. The simulations were performed to characterise the mobility and flexibility of the residues delimiting the unoccupied binding site of the enzyme, and to determine hydrogen bonding propensities (with protein and with solvent atoms) of those residues in the active site that could interact with a substrate or a potential inhibitor. The simulation data is aimed at facilitating the design of high-affinity selective inhibitors of factor Xa.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Daura
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, ETH Zentrum, Switzerland
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36
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Gong Y, Becker M, Choi-Sledeski YM, Davis RS, Salvino JM, Chu V, Brown KD, Pauls HW. Solid-phase parallel synthesis of azarene pyrrolidinones as factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1033-6. [PMID: 10843210 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A focused library (4 x 14) prepared from 4-aminopyridine and 4-, 5-, and 6-azoindole templates was synthesized using 14 polymer supported 4-amido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl (TFP) sulfonate esters inputs. Several compounds were identified as factor Xa inhibitors (IC50< or =0.1 microM) helping to establish the SAR among these four series of azarene pyrrolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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37
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Zhu BY, Scarborough RM. Chapter 9. Factor Xa inhibitors: Recent advances in anticoagulant agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(00)35010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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38
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Choi-Sledeski YM, McGarry DG, Green DM, Mason HJ, Becker MR, Davis RS, Ewing WR, Dankulich WP, Manetta VE, Morris RL, Spada AP, Cheney DL, Brown KD, Colussi DJ, Chu V, Heran CL, Morgan SR, Bentley RG, Leadley RJ, Maignan S, Guilloteau JP, Dunwiddie CT, Pauls HW. Sulfonamidopyrrolidinone factor Xa inhibitors: potency and selectivity enhancements via P-1 and P-4 optimization. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3572-87. [PMID: 10479289 DOI: 10.1021/jm990041+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamidopyrrolidinones were previously disclosed as a selective class of factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors, culminating in the identification of RPR120844 as a potent member with efficacy in vivo. Recognizing the usefulness of the central pyrrolidinone template for the presentation of ligands to the S-1 and S-4 subsites of fXa, studies to optimize the P-1 and P-4 groups were initiated. Sulfonamidopyrrolidinones containing 4-hydroxy- and 4-aminobenzamidines were discovered to be effective inhibitors of fXa. X-ray crystallographic experiments in trypsin and molecular modeling studies suggest that our inhibitors bind by insertion of the 4-hydroxybenzamidine moiety into the S-1 subsite of the fXa active site. Of the P-4 groups examined, the pyridylthienyl sulfonamides were found to confer excellent potency and selectivity especially in combination with 4-hydroxybenzamidine. Compound 20b (RPR130737) was shown to be a potent fXa inhibitor (K(i) = 2 nM) with selectivity against structurally related serine proteinases (>1000 times). Preliminary biological evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of this inhibitor in common assays of thrombosis in vitro (e.g. activated partial thromboplastin time) and in vivo (e.g. rat FeCl(2)-induced carotid artery thrombosis model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Choi-Sledeski
- Departments of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery and New Leads Generation, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0107, USA
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