1
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Tremblay T, Robert-Scott G, Bérubé C, Carpentier A, Voyer N, Giguère D. Synthesis of C-terminal glycopeptidesviaoxime resin aminolysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13741-13744. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a general solid-phase approach to complex C-terminal glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tremblay
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO
- Université Laval
- Faculté des sciences et de génie
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Gabrielle Robert-Scott
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO
- Université Laval
- Faculté des sciences et de génie
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Christopher Bérubé
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO
- Université Laval
- Faculté des sciences et de génie
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Antoine Carpentier
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO
- Université Laval
- Faculté des sciences et de génie
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO
- Université Laval
- Faculté des sciences et de génie
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO
- Université Laval
- Faculté des sciences et de génie
- Québec
- Canada
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2
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Freichel T, Eierhoff S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Toward Orthogonal Preparation of Sequence-Defined Monodisperse Heteromultivalent Glycomacromolecules on Solid Support Using Staudinger Ligation and Copper-Catalyzed Click Reactions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9400-9409. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Freichel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Eierhoff
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Hou Z, Liu Y, Zhang XX, Chang XW, Cheng MS, Guo C. Synthesis of glucuronic acid derivatives via the efficient and selective removal of a C6 methyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Lohani CR, Soley J, Kralt B, Palmer M, Taylor SD. α-Azido Esters in Depsipeptide Synthesis: C–O Bond Cleavage during Azido Group Reduction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11831-11840. [PMID: 27934468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Raj Lohani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Jacob Soley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Braden Kralt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
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5
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Abstract
The present review offers an overview of nonclassical (e.g., with no pre- or in situ activation of a carboxylic acid partner) approaches for the construction of amide bonds. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was mainly done in the field in the last 20 years. Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to substrate classes: catalytic direct formation of amides from carboxylic and amines ( section 2 ); the use of carboxylic acid surrogates ( section 3 ); and the use of amine surrogates ( section 4 ). The ligation strategies (NCL, Staudinger, KAHA, KATs, etc.) that could involve both carboxylic acid and amine surrogates are treated separately in section 5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Marcia de Figueiredo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Simon Suppo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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6
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Origin of problems related to Staudinger reduction in carbopeptoid syntheses. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2619-2633. [PMID: 27438266 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the solid phase synthesis of -GG-X-GG- type α/β-carbopeptoids incorporating RibAFU(ip) (1a, tX) or XylAFU(ip) (2a, cX) sugar amino acids. Though coupling efficacy is moderate, both the lengthier synthetic route using Fmoc derivative (e.g., Fmoc-RibAFU(ip)-OH) and the azido derivative (e.g., N3-RibAFU(ip)-OH) via Staudinger reaction with nBu3P can be successfully applied. Both X-ray diffraction, 1H- and 31P-NMR, and theoretical (QM) data support and explain why the application of Ph3P as Staudinger reagent is "ineffective" in the case of a cis stereoisomer, if cX is attached to the preceding residue with a peptide (-CONH-) bond. The failure of the polypeptide chain elongation with N3-cX originates from the "coincidence" of a steric crowdedness and an electronic effect disabling the mandatory nucleophilic attack during the hydrolysis of a quasi penta-coordinated triphenylphosphinimine. Nevertheless, the synthesis of the above α/β-chimera peptides as completed now by a new pathway via 1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-azido-3-deoxy-ribo- and -xylo-furanuronic acid (H-RibAFU(ip)-OH 1a and H-XylAFU(ip)-OH 2a) coupled with N-protected α-amino acids on solid phase could serve as useful examples and starting points of further synthetic efforts.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 California, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 California, United States
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8
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Dinesh M, Archana S, Ranganathan R, Sathishkumar M, Ponnuswamy A. Bis azide–triphenylphosphine as a reagent for esterification at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Bera S, Mondal D, Martin JT, Singh M. Potential effect of ultrasound on carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 2015; 410:15-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Chennamadhavuni D, Howell AR. A Solvent-free Approach to Glycosyl Amides: Towards the Synthesis of α- N-Galactosyl Ceramides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3583-3586. [PMID: 26028787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple and efficient method for the synthesis of both α- and β-glycosyl amides using solvent-free conditions is described. This method involves the coupling of glycosyl amines with the p-nitrophenol esters of lipids as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy R Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060
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11
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Potewar TM, Petrova KT, Barros MT. Efficient microwave assisted synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole–sucrose derivatives by cycloaddition reaction of sucrose azides and terminal alkynes. Carbohydr Res 2013; 379:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of glycosyl derivatives of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4259-65. [PMID: 23712085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues are used extensively for the treatment of various hormone-dependent diseases. However, none of the currently marketed derivatives can be administered orally. Modification of peptide sequences by attachment of carbohydrate moieties is a promising strategy that may increase the metabolic stability of the target peptide and enhance its transport across cell membranes, subsequently improving peptide bioavailability. In this study, either the N- or C-terminus of the LHRH peptide was altered by attachment of carbohydrate moieties. Caco-2 cells were chosen as an in vitro model to investigate both the permeability and stability of the new LHRH analogues. Our findings show that conjugating sugar moieties to the N-terminus of the LHRH peptide significantly increased both permeability and metabolic stability of most of the modified LHRH derivatives.
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13
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Nisic F, Speciale G, Bernardi A. Stereoselective Synthesis of α- and β-Glycofuranosyl Amides by Traceless Ligation of Glycofuranosyl Azides. Chemistry 2012; 18:6895-906. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Xue J, Guo M, Gu G, Guo Z. A Facile Synthesis ofNγ-Glycosyl Asparagine Conjugates and ShortN-Linked Glycopeptides. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.633723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Nagarajan S, Ran P, Shanmugavelan P, Sathishkumar M, Ponnuswamy A, Suk Nahm K, Gnana kumar G. The catalytic activity of titania nanostructures in the synthesis of amides under solvent-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Guerra A, Brea RJ, Amorín M, Castedo L, Granja JR. Self-assembling properties of all γ-cyclic peptides containing sugar amino acid residues. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8762-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Salunke SB, Babu NS, Chen CT. Iron(III) chloride as an efficient catalyst for stereoselective synthesis of glycosyl azides and a cocatalyst with Cu(0) for the subsequent click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10440-2. [PMID: 21842053 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient and mild method for azido glycosylation of glycosyl β-peracetates to 1,2-trans glycosyl azides was developed by using inexpensive FeCl(3) as the catalyst. In addition, we demonstrated, for the first time, that FeCl(3) in combination with copper powder can promote 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry) of azido glycosides with terminal alkynes. Good to excellent yields were obtained with exclusive formation of a single isomer in both glycosyl azidation and subsequent cycloaddition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Sathishkumar M, Shanmugavelan P, Nagarajan S, Maheswari M, Dinesh M, Ponnuswamy A. Solvent-free protocol for amide bond formation via trapping of nascent phosphazenes with carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of S-functionalized thioesters using thioaroylate ions derived from carboxylic acids and tetrathiomolybdate via acyloxyphosphonium intermediates. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Gopinath P, Vidyarini RS, Chandrasekaran S. Synthesis of Thioesters by Simultaneous Activation of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols Using PPh3/NBS with Benzyltriethylammonium Tetrathiomolybdate as the Sulfur Transfer Reagent. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Schierholt A, Shaikh HA, Schmidt-Lassen J, Lindhorst TK. Utilizing Staudinger Ligation for the Synthesis of Glycoamino Acid Building Blocks and Other Glycomimetics. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Burés J, Martín M, Urpí F, Vilarrasa J. Catalytic Staudinger—Vilarrasa Reaction for the Direct Ligation of Carboxylic Acids and Azides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2203-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802825e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Burés
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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23
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A novel synthesis of β-d-mannopyranosyl azide by phase transfer catalysis. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:240-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Jain S, Sain B. An Efficient Approach for Immobilizing the Oxo‐Vanadium Schiff Base onto Polymer Supports using Staudinger Ligation. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Koda Y, Del Borgo M, Wessling ST, Lazarus LH, Okada Y, Toth I, Blanchfield JT. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6286-96. [PMID: 18468445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (Endo-1=Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2)), an endogenous opioid with high affinity and selectivity for mu-opioid receptors, mediates acute and neuropathic pain in rodents. To overcome metabolic instability and poor membrane permeability, the N- and C-termini of Endo-1 were modified by lipoamino acids (Laa) and/or sugars, and 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) replacement of Tyr. Analogues were assessed for mu-opioid receptor affinity, inhibition of cAMP accumulation, enzymatic stability, and permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. C-terminus modification decreased receptor affinity, while N-terminus C8-Laa improved stability and permeability with slight change in receptor affinity. Dmt provided a promising lead compound: [C8Laa-Dmt[1]]-Endo-1 is nine times more stable (t(1/2)=43.5min), >8-fold more permeable in Caco-2 cell monolayers, and exhibits 140-fold greater mu-opioid receptor affinity (K(imu)=0.08nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Koda
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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26
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Del Borgo MP, Blanchfield JT, Toth I. Internalisation of the mu-opioid receptor by endomorphin-1 and leu-enkephalin is dependant on aromatic amino acid residues. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4341-6. [PMID: 18329886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The opioid receptor system in the central nervous system controls a number of physiological processes, most notably pain. However, most opioids currently available have a variety of side-effects as well as exhibiting tolerance. Tolerance is most likely to be a complex phenomenon, however, the role of receptor internalisation is thought to play a crucial role. In this study, we examined the role of aromaticity in ligand-mediated receptor internalisation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOPR). These studies show that the amount of receptor internalisation may be dependant on the amphiphilicity of the ligand. Specifically, deletion of the C-terminus aromatic residues of endomorphin 1, particularly tryptophan reduces receptor-mediated internalisation whilst the addition of tryptophan within the enkephalin sequence increases receptor internalisation and decreases tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Del Borgo
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Qld, Australia
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27
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Jain S, Reiser O. Immobilization of cobalt(II) Schiff base complexes on polystyrene resin and a study of their catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2008; 1:534-541. [PMID: 18702152 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the Staudinger ligation are readily applicable and highly efficient for the immobilization of cobalt Schiff base complexes onto polystyrene resins. Stepwise synthesis of polymer-bound Schiff bases followed by their subsequent complexation with metal ions were successfully carried out. Direct covalent attachment of preformed homogeneous cobalt Schiff base complexes to the resins was also possible. The catalytic efficiency of the so-prepared polystyrene-bound cobalt Schiff bases was studied for the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds using molecular oxygen as oxidant. The immobilized complexes were highly efficient and even more reactive than the corresponding homogenous analogues, thus affording better yields of oxidized products within shorter reaction times. The supported catalysts could easily be recovered from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused for subsequent experiments with consistent catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Jain
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Kumar R, Maulik PR, Misra AK. Significant rate accelerated synthesis of glycosyl azides and glycosyl 1,2,3-triazole conjugates. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:595-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Falconer RA, Toth I. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel lipoamino acid-based glycolipids for oral drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7012-20. [PMID: 17851079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of lipoamino acid-based glycolipids were synthesised. Suitably derivatised lipoamino acid derivatives were prepared and conjugated to monosaccharides (including glycosyl azides, isothiocyanates, thiols and sulphones) to yield novel O-, N-, S- and C-linked glycolipids in good yields. Their potential to improve the oral absorption of piperacillin is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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30
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Yang J, Mercer GJ, Nguyen HM. Palladium-catalyzed glycal imidate rearrangement: formation of alpha- and beta-N-glycosyl trichloroacetamides. Org Lett 2007; 9:4231-4. [PMID: 17880097 DOI: 10.1021/ol701778z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel palladium(II)-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of alpha- and beta-N-glycosyl trichloroacetamides has been developed. The alpha- and beta-selectivity at the anomeric carbon depends on the nature of the palladium-ligand catalyst. While the cationic palladium(II) promotes the alpha-selectivity, the neutral palladium(II) favors the beta-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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31
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Loukou C, Tosin M, Müller-Bunz H, Murphy PV. Synthesis of sugar-lactams from azides of glucuronic acid. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1953-9. [PMID: 17477912 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-lactams have found application as glycosidase inhibitors, synthetic precursors of iminosugars and they are structural components of natural products. The synthesis of beta-D-glucopyranosidurono-6,1-lactams from glucuronic acid derivatives are described. NMR data and X-ray crystal structures indicate that the sugar-lactams adopt distorted (1)C4 conformations in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Loukou
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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32
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Wessling ST, Ross BP, Koda Y, Blanchfield JT, Toth I. Caco-2 cell permeability and stability of two d-glucopyranuronamide conjugates of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4946-50. [PMID: 17498958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Caco-2 cell permeability and stability assays were used as an in vitro model to study the intestinal epithelial transport and stability of two analogues of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; Pyr-His-Pro-NH2). Peptide 1 (Pyr-His-Pro-D-glucopyranuronamide) was more permeable across the Caco-2 cell monolayer compared with the permeability of the parent TRH peptide (Papp=5.10+/-1.89x10(-6) cm/s c.f. Papp=0.147+/-0.0474x10(-6) cm/s respectively). The permeability of peptide 1 was improved threefold by attaching a 2-aminooctanoic acid moiety to the N-terminus to form peptide 2 (2-aminooctanoic acid-Gln-His-Pro-D-glucopyranuronamide) (Papp=16.3+/-2.47x10(-6) cm/s). The half-life for both peptide 1 and peptide 2 was approximately 20 min in a homogenate of Caco-2 cells compared with the half-life of TRH which is approximately 3 min. It was concluded that the permeability of peptides 1 and 2 was enhanced because of their increased stability, while the higher permeability of peptide 2 compared with peptide 1 may be attributed to its increased lipophilicity which results in enhanced passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne T Wessling
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld. 4072, Australia
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Charafeddine A, Dayoub W, Chapuis H, Strazewski P. First Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyfluoropuromycin Analogues: Experimental Insight into the Mechanism of the Staudinger Reaction. Chemistry 2007; 13:5566-84. [PMID: 17455187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The N(6),N(6)-dedimethyl-2'-deoxyfluoro analogue of puromycin (= 3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-3'-[O-methyltyrosylamido]adenosine), its 2',3'-regioisomer and a 3'-cytidyl-5'-(2'-deoxyfluoro)puromycyl dinucleotide analogue were synthesized following an approach involving i) the diastereospecific nitrite-assisted formation of a lyxo nucleosidic 2',3'-epoxide from an adenosine-2',3'-ditriflate derivative in a biphasic solvent mixture; ii) the regio- and stereoselective epoxide ring opening with sodium azide under mildly acidic aqueous conditions, iii) the stereospecific introduction of the fluor atom using DAST and iv) the reaction between the nucleosidyl or dinucleotidyl azide and an active ester of the N-protected amino acid using highly efficient solution conditions for the Staudinger-Vilarrasa coupling, to obtain the corresponding carboxamide directly from the in situ formed iminophosphorane. This coupling reaction furnished sterically quite demanding amides in 94 % isolated yields under very mild conditions and should therefore be of a more general value. Under certain reaction conditions we isolated (amino)acyltriazene derivatives from which dinitrogen was not eliminated. These secondary products are trapped and stabilized witnesses of the first intermediate of the Staudinger reaction, the phosphatriazenes (phosphazides, triazaphosphadienes) which usually eliminate dinitrogen in situ and rapidly rearrange into iminophosphoranes, unless they are derived from conjugated or sterically bulky azides and phosphines. The acyltriazenes could either be thermally decomposed or converted to the corresponding N-alkyl carboxamides through proton-assisted elimination of dinitrogen. All compounds were carefully characterized through MS spectrometry, (1)H, (19)F, (31)P and (13)C NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Charafeddine
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Biomolécules, Bâtiment Eugène Chevreul, UMR UCBL-CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, 43 bvd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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O'Brien C, Poláková M, Pitt N, Tosin M, Murphy PV. Glycosidation-anomerisation reactions of 6,1-anhydroglucopyranuronic acid and anomerisation of beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acids promoted by SnCl(4). Chemistry 2007; 13:902-9. [PMID: 17086575 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of silylated nucleophiles with 6,1-anhydroglucopyranuronic acid (glucuronic acid 6,1-lactones) catalysed by tin(IV) chloride provides 1,2-trans or 1,2-cis (deoxy)glycosides in a manner dependent on the donor structure. The alpha-glycoside was obtained for reactions of the donor with the 2-acyl group and 2-deoxydonors, whereas the 2-deoxy-2-iodo donor gave the beta-glycoside. Experimental evidence shows that when 1,2-cis-glycoside formation occurs, the anomerisation of initially formed 1,2-trans-glycosides catalysed by SnCl(4) is possible. The anomerisation of beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acids was found to be faster, in some cases, than anomerisation of related beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid esters and beta-D-glucopyranoside derivatives and the rates are dependent on the structure of the aglycon. Moreover, the rates of anomerisation of beta-D-glucopyranuronic acid derivatives can be qualitatively correlated with rates of hydrolysis of beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acids. Mechanistic possibilities for the reactions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin O'Brien
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Inard C, Fourcade E, Baron R, Tovar D, Chaisemartin L, Blonski C, Faye JC. Syntheses of functionalized biotin N-1' derivatives: new tools for the control of gene expression with small molecules. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1030-5. [PMID: 16848412 DOI: 10.1021/bc060010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The exceptionally high affinity of biotin toward avidin and streptavidin is at the basis of (strept)avidin-biotin biotechnology, which has numerous applications in life sciences. Recent biotin developments for in vivo and in vitro acylation of selective targeted protein and intein-mediated site specific protein biotinylation require the free biotin carboxyl function to covalently bind with the targeted protein. However, recently this carboxylic function has been used to substitute biotin with numerous ligands and flags. In the present work, we propose the N-1' labeling possibilities of biotin, keeping the valeric chain free. We describe liquid and solid-phase syntheses of functionalized biotin N-1' derivatives. Although the N-1' modification involves a two-log decrease in affinity, in vitro these molecules kept their high avidin affinity (around 10(-12) M) and the in vivo acylation ability of new biotin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Inard
- INSERM U563, C. P. T. P., Département Innovation Thérapeutique et Oncologie Moléculaire, Institut Claudius Regaud, 20-24 rue du pont Saint Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cédex, France
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organic azides: an exploding diversity of a unique class of compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5188-240. [PMID: 16100733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1636] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza-Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer-Aubé rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Germany.
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Akin A, Curran TT. Preparation of CI‐1027 Glucuronide: Metabolite of a Remarkable Lipid‐Modulating Agent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Akin
- a Pfizer Global Research and Development , Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Timothy T. Curran
- a Pfizer Global Research and Development , Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ann Arbor, USA
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Bianchi A, Bernardi A. Traceless Staudinger Ligation of Glycosyl Azides with Triaryl Phosphines: Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosyl Amides. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4565-77. [PMID: 16749790 DOI: 10.1021/jo060409s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-glycosyl amides can be synthesized from the corresponding O-benzyl-alpha-glycosyl azides using a traceless Staudinger ligation with diphenylphosphanyl-phenyl esters 4. All the phosphines employed and their phenol precursors are stable to air at 4 degrees C for months. Fast intramolecular trapping of the reduction intermediates results in the direct formation of the amide link, which, in turn, prevents epimerisation and allows retention of configuration at the anomeric carbon. Yields and alpha-selectivity are high when the reaction is performed in polar aprotic solvents. Removal of the benzyl ether protecting groups is achieved by catalytic hydrogenation. Alpha-glycosyl amides represent a class of virtually unexplored nonhydrolyzable monosaccharide derivatives that may find a useful application as sugar mimics. Conformational studies by NMR spectroscopy confirm that deprotected alpha-glycosyl amides in the gluco, galacto, and fuco series retain the normal pyranose conformation of the monosaccharide. The reaction of phosphines 4 with tetra-O-acetyl-glycosyl azides is nonstereoconservative, and beta-glycosyl amides are obtained in good yields and with complete stereoselectivity starting from both alpha and beta azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bianchi
- Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro di Eccellenza CISI, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Stereoselective methods for the chemical synthesis of beta-N-glycosyl amides are needed to generate glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Here, we report that the Staudinger ligation can be used to form glycosylated asparagine derivatives. The reaction proceeds with high stereoselectivity, and a variety of glycosyl azides can function as substrates. Our results provide precedence for the use of this powerful amide-bond-forming reaction for N-glycopeptide synthesis. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kumar R, Tiwari P, Maulik PR, Misra AK. A Generalized Procedure for the One-Pot Preparation of Glycosyl Azides and Thioglycosides Directly from Unprotected Reducing Sugars under Phase-Transfer Reaction Conditions. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organische Azide - explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tosin M, O'Brien C, Fitzpatrick GM, Müller-Bunz H, Glass WK, Murphy PV. Synthesis and Structural Analysis of the Anilides of Glucuronic Acid and Orientation of the Groups on the Carbohydrate Scaffolding. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4096-106. [PMID: 15876102 DOI: 10.1021/jo0501994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structures: see text] The synthesis of anilides derived from glucuronic acid is described. Secondary anilides had a Z configuration in the solid state and showed intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. However, on the basis of NMR and IR studies, there was generally no evidence for the same hydrogen bonding in solution. Tertiary anilides showed a strong preference for the E configuration on the basis of NOE studies and molecular mechanics calculations. The alkylation of the secondary anilides induces a configurational switch that alters the orientation of the aromatic group with respect to the pyranose, which has relevance for presentation or orientation of pharmacophoric groups on carbohydrate scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tosin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Röckendorf N, Lindhorst TK. Glucuronic Acid Derivatives as Branching Units for the Synthesis of Glycopeptide Mimetics. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4441-5. [PMID: 15202899 DOI: 10.1021/jo049708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural glycopeptides and glycoproteins exhibit a large structural diversity, which can be mimicked by synthetic glycopeptide derivatives to assist the investigation of biological functions and structure-activity relationships. Here, dendronized saccharides were synthesized to provide glycosyl amino acids, equipped with a branching element for the preparation of branched glycopeptide mimetics. An optimized Staudinger-type reaction served as key reaction en route to the complex glycopeptide 14, in which three mannose moieties were connected to the branched glucuronyl scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Röckendorf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Virta P, Leppänen M, Lönnberg H. Pentaerythrityltetramine Scaffolds for Solid-Phase Combinatorial Chemistry1. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2008-16. [PMID: 15058947 DOI: 10.1021/jo035801+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Straightforward synthesis for two pentaerythrityltetramine precursors, 2,2-bis(azidomethyl)propane-1,3-diamine (1) and 2-[N-(allyloxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]-2-azidomethylpropane-1,3-diamine (2), has been described. Both propane-1,3-diamines have been attached by reductive amination to a solid-supported backbone amide linker derived from 4-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)butyric acid. The presence of the two methoxy substituents on the linker is essential to avoid cross-linking between two linkers. The remaining free primary amino group of the propane-1,3-diamine moiety may then be selectively acylated with an appropriately protected amino acid using conventional N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazole (DCC/HOBt) activation without any interference by the secondary amino function. The latter group may be subsequently acylated by an anhydride method. Sequential reduction of the azido group and removal of the allyloxycarbonyl protection from 2 allow further coupling of two different amino acids, and hence, this handle may be utilized in construction of branched structures containing four different amino acids or peptides. Solid-supported 1 may, in turn, be used for the synthesis of similar constructs containing two identical branches. It is worth noting that no acid-labile protecting groups are required in this approach, and hence, this dimension may be saved for the cleavage of the linker. The applicability of the scaffolds to library synthesis has been demonstrated by preparation of 11 pentaerythrityl-branched tetra- and octapeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Virta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Ross BP, DeCruz SE, Lynch TB, Davis-Goff K, Toth I. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Liposaccharide Drug Delivery Agent: Application to the Gastrointestinal Absorption of Gentamicin. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1251-8. [PMID: 14971905 DOI: 10.1021/jm030474j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and evaluation of a liposaccharide (11) for use as an agent to enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of charged, hydrophilic drugs with poor membrane permeability is reported. 11 was designed to possess both surfactant and ion-pairing properties and was conveniently synthesized from d-glucuronic acid (2) and N-Boc-lipoamino acid (5) precursors in eight steps in good yield. Isothermal titration microcalorimetry was used to determine the critical micelle concentration of 11 (in PBS) to be 2.09 +/- 0.01 mM with an enthalpy of demicellization of 4.91 +/- 0.11 kJ/mol. The ability of 11 to enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (1), a hydrophilic polycation with negligible oral bioavailability, was assessed in vivo using rats. Rats dosed orally with a mixture of 11 (100 mg/kg) and 1 (60 mg/kg) had a statistically significant (P < or = 0.034) increase in Cmax, AUC120, and percent absolute bioavailability (F) compared to control 1 (60 mg/kg) alone. The highest bioavailability (F = 9.1 +/- 2.0%) was achieved by dosing with the mixture 11 (100 mg/kg) and 1 (15 mg/kg). This represents a 6-fold increase in bioavailability compared to the control (F = 1.4 +/- 0.3%). These results suggest that the molar ratio of 1:11 may be critical in optimizing the delivery system, a finding ascribed in part to the ion-pairing properties of 11. The effect of 11 on the gastrointestinal mucosa was assessed using light microscopy to examine tissue samples from rats used in the pharmacokinetic study. No morphological changes were found in either the esophagi or duodena of the rats examined. One rat dosed with 11 (100 mg/kg) and 1 (60 mg/kg) exhibited slight gastric erosion, which could be attributed to 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Ross
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Tosin M, Murphy PV. Synthesis of alpha-glucuronic acid and amide derivatives in the presence of a participating 2-acyl protecting group. Org Lett 2002; 4:3675-8. [PMID: 12375916 DOI: 10.1021/ol026629j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Participating acyl groups located at C-2 in glucosyl and related donors generally promote formation of 1,2-trans-glycosides. Reactions of some glucuronic acid donors with TMSN(3)/SnCl(4) or ROH/SnCl(4) gave only the 1,2-cis-glycoside. The stereoselectivity is consistent with participation of the C-6 group. The methodology was used for the synthesis of a Kdn2en mimetic with the alpha-configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tosin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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