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Evaluation of 4-tert-Butyl-Benzhydrylamine Resin (BUBHAR) as an Alternative Solid Support for Peptide Synthesis. INT J POLYM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5479343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following preliminary reports that introduced 4-tert-butylbenzhydrylamine resin (BUBHAR) as a novel polymer for use in solid-phase peptide chemistry (SPPS), some physical-chemical properties of its structure, certainly relevant for its application in this methodology, were compared with those of the largely used methylbenzhydrylamine resin (MBHAR). In order to rule out possible MBHAR-related commercial source effects for SPPS, we initially compared MBHAR batches acquired from three different manufacturers with homemade BUBHARs. The bead solvation properties of these two resins in solvents used in the tert-butyl (Boc-based) SPPS technique indicated that the mean swelling values of these solid supports (% volume of solvated bead occupied by the solvent) were 51% and 67% for MBHAR and BUBHAR, respectively. This result strongly suggests a good potential for the latter polymer in terms of application for application in SPPS. In order to move forward with this approach, the synthesis of the carboxy-terminal peptide fragment (Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-amide) of the antidiuretic hormone, desmopressin ([3-Mpa∗-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-amide], ∗1-[3-mercaptopropionic acid]), which our laboratory is producing routinely in large scale for the Health Secretary of Sao Paulo State. The comparative synthesis was conducted using these two resins with similar substitution degrees (~0.7 mmol/g). In contrast to MBHAR, surprisingly no need for a Gln⟶Asn recoupling reaction was observed when BUBHAR was used. This result might be due to improved solvation of the desmopressin C-terminal Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-segment when bound to this latter resin as observed by microscopic swelling degrees of peptide-resin beads and also by greater mobility detected of peptide chains within the BUBHAR polymer backbone. This finding was determined by comparative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of both peptide resins attaching the amino acid-type paramagnetic 2.2.6.6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (Toac) spin label early introduced by our group.
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Sukthankar P, Avila LA, Whitaker SK, Iwamoto T, Morgenstern A, Apostolidis C, Liu K, Hanzlik RP, Dadachova E, Tomich JM. Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules: cellular uptake and retention of encapsulated solutes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:2296-305. [PMID: 24565797 PMCID: PMC4082727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) are peptide nano-spheres comprised of equimolar proportions of two branched peptide sequences bis(FLIVI)-K-KKKK and bis(FLIVIGSII)-K-KKKK that self-assemble to form bilayer delimited capsules. In two recent publications we described the lipid analogous characteristics of our BAPCs, examined their initial assembly, mode of fusion, solute encapsulation, and resizing and delineated their capability to be maintained at a specific size by storing them at 4°C. In this report we describe the stability, size limitations of encapsulation, cellular localization, retention and, bio-distribution of the BAPCs in vivo. The ability of our constructs to retain alpha particle emitting radionuclides without any apparent leakage and their persistence in the peri-nuclear region of the cell for extended periods of time, coupled with their ease of preparation and potential tune-ability, makes them attractive as biocompatible carriers for targeted cancer therapy using particle emitting radioisotopes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interfacially Active Peptides and Proteins. Guest Editors: William C. Wimley and Kalina Hristova.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinakin Sukthankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Susan K Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Core Research Facilities, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christos Apostolidis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
| | - Robert P Hanzlik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John M Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
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Solid-phase peptide synthesis in highly loaded conditions. Bioorg Chem 2011; 39:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Choi JH, Lee TK, Byun JW, Lee YS. Preparation of a core–shell type MBHA resin and its application for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Buku A, Gazis D, Schwartz IL. Antidiuretic and pressor activities of vasopressin analogs with L-alaninamide and D-alaninamide substitutions at position 9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 23:551-7. [PMID: 6547408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1984.tb02757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and lysine vasopressin (LVP)--with an L-alaninamide residue or a D-alaninamide residue replacing the naturally occurring glycinamide in position 9--lose virtually all pressor activity but retain from 10 to 70% of the antidiuretic activity of their parent hormones. These findings, in conjunction with the data of others on the biological consequences of alterations in positions 7 and 8, show that the antidiuretic receptor will tolerate considerably more structural alteration in the C-terminal tripeptide "tail" of the vasopressins than will the pressor receptor.
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Lee TK, Choi JH, Byun JW, Lee YS. Preparation of MBHA resin by benzotriazole-mediated amidoalkylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jubilut GN, Cilli EM, Crusca E, Silva EH, Okada Y, Nakaie CR. Comparative investigation of the cleavage step in the synthesis of model peptide resins: implications for Nalpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-solid phase peptide synthesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:468-70. [PMID: 17329894 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on our studies of the stability of model peptide-resin linkage in acid media, we previously proposed a rule for resin selection and a final cleavage protocol applicable to the Nalpha-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-peptide synthesis strategy. We found that incorrect choices resulted in decreases in the final synthesis yield, which is highly dependent on the peptide sequence, of as high as 30%. The present paper continues along this line of research but examines the Nalpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-synthesis strategy. The vasoactive peptide angiotensin II (AII, DRVYIHPF) and its [Gly8]-AII analogue were selected as model peptide resins. Variations in parameters such as the type of spacer group (linker) between the peptide backbone and the resin, as well as in the final acid cleavage protocol, were evaluated. The same methodology employed for the Boc strategy was used in order to establish rules for selection of the most appropriate linker-resin conjugate or of the peptide cleavage method, depending on the sequence to be assembled. The results obtained after treatment with four cleavage solutions and with four types of linker groups indicate that, irrespective of the circumstance, it is not possible to achieve complete removal of the peptide chains from the resin. Moreover, the Phe-attaching peptide at the C-terminal yielded far less cleavage (50-60%) than that observed with the Gly-bearing sequences at the same position (70-90%). Lastly, the fastest cleavage occurred with reagent K acid treatment and when the peptide was attached to the Wang resin.
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9
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Nakaie CR, Malavolta L, Schreier S, Trovatti E, Marchetto R. Direct electron paramagnetic resonance monitoring of the peptide synthesis coupling reaction in polymeric support. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Wang XC, Wang JK, Da YX, Quan ZJ, Zong YX. A novel traceless route to synthesize 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles on PEG6000. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Valente AP, Almeida FCL, Nakaie CR, Schreier S, Crusca E, Cilli EM. Study of the effect of the peptide loading and solvent system in SPPS by HRMAS-NMR. J Pept Sci 2005; 11:556-63. [PMID: 15880628 DOI: 10.1002/psc.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SPPS methodology has continuously been investigated as a valuable model to monitor the solvation properties of polymeric materials. In this connection, the present work applied HRMAS-NMR spectroscopy to examine the dynamics of an aggregating peptide sequence attached to a resin core with varying peptide loading (up to 80%) and solvent system. Low and high substituted BHAR were used for assembling the VQAAIDYING sequence and some of its minor fragments. The HRMAS-NMR results were in agreement with the swelling of each resin, i.e. there was an improved resolution of resonance peaks in the better solvated conditions. Moreover, the peptide loading and the attached peptide sequence also affected the spectra. Strong peptide chain aggregation was observed mainly in highly peptide loaded resins when solvated in CDCl3. Conversely, due to the better swelling of these highly loaded resins in DMSO, improved NMR spectra were acquired in this polar aprotic solvent, thus enabling the detection of relevant sequence-dependent conformational alterations. The more prominent aggregation was displayed by the VQAAIDYING segment and not by any of its intermediary fragments and these findings were also corroborated by EPR studies of these peptide-resins labelled properly with an amino acid-type spin probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Valente
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marchetto R, Cilli EM, Jubilut GN, Schreier S, Nakaie CR. Determination of Site−Site Distance and Site Concentration within Polymer Beads: A Combined Swelling-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4561-8. [PMID: 15932290 DOI: 10.1021/jo0483318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a combined swelling-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) approach aiming at determining some unusual polymer solvation parameters relevant for chemical processes occurring inside beads. Batches of benzhydrylamine-resin (BHAR), a copolymer of styrene-1% divinylbenzene containing phenylmethylamine groups were, labeled with the paramagnetic amino acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amine-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC), and their swelling properties and EPR spectra were examined in DCM and DMF. By taking into account the BHARs labeling degrees, the corresponding swelling values, and some polymer structural characteristics, it was possible to calculate polymer swelling parameters, among them, the volume and the number of sites per bead, site-site distances and site concentration. The latter values ranged from 17 to 170 A and from 0.4 to 550 mM, respectively. EPR spectroscopy was applied to validate the multistep calculation strategy of these swelling parameters. Spin-spin interaction was detected in the labeled resins at site-site distances less than approximately 60 A or probe concentrations higher than approximately 1 x 10(-2) M, in close agreement with the values obtained for the spin probe free in solution. Complementarily, the yield of coupling reactions in different resins indicated that the greater the inter-site distance or the lower the site concentration, the faster the reaction. The results suggested that the model and the experimental measurements developed for the determination of solvation parameters represent a relevant step forward for the deeper understanding and improvement of polymer-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Marchetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900, Brazil
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Carvalho RSH, Nakaie CR, Silva EH, Santos IAN, von Dietrich CP, Nader HB, Tersariol ILS. Physicochemical and chromatographic evaluation of benzhydrylamine-resin as an anion exchanger solid support. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2003; 57:75-83. [PMID: 12834965 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(03)00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzhydrylamine-resin (BHAR), a copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene containing phenylmethylamine groups, used as solid support for peptide synthesis, was examined regarding physicochemical and anion exchanger chromatographic properties. The greater the ionic strength of the medium the poorer the solvation of beads. This effect is less pronounced the higher the amino group content of BHAR. The BHAR chromatographic behavior was compared with commercial cationic resins in columns of constant cation binding capacity. Three negatively charged heparan sulfate disaccharides were successfully purified in a 2.4 mmol/g BHAR that showed as good or better anion exchange performance than classical tertiary or quaternary amino group-containing resins. The BHAR chromatographic resin exclusion limit was estimated to be 30 kDa based on purification experiments of heparins of different molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina S H Carvalho
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de Maio 100, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP., Brazil
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Nakaie CR, Ianzer DA, Malavolta L, Cilli EM, Rodrigues MM. Use of commercial anion-exchange resins as solid support for peptide synthesis and affinity chromatography. Anal Biochem 2003; 318:39-46. [PMID: 12782029 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This report demonstrates that due to the presence of residual reactive sites in their matrices, classical diethylaminoethyl-attaching commercial anion-exchanger resins such as DEAE-MacroPrep and DEAE-Sephadex A50 supports can be used for peptide synthesis. Moreover, due to the high stability of the peptide-resin bond in the final cleavage treatments, desired peptidyl-resins free of side-chain protecting groups, which enables them to be further used as solid support for affinity chromatography, can be obtained. To demonstrate this potentiality, a fragment corresponding to the antigenic and immunodominant epitope of sporozoites of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite was synthesized in these traditional resins and antibody molecules generated against the peptide sequence were successfully retained in these peptidyl supports. Due to the maintenance of their original anion-exchange capacities, the present findings open the unique possibility of applying, simultaneously, dual anion-exchange and affinity procedures for purification of a variety of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis R Nakaie
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de Maio 100, CEP 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Malavolta L, Oliveira E, Cilli EM, Nakaie CR. Solvation of polymers as model for solvent effect investigation: proposition of a novel polarity scale. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Larsen SD, DiPaolo BA. Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles using a novel amine resin. Org Lett 2001; 3:3341-4. [PMID: 11594829 DOI: 10.1021/ol016578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A solid-phase route to 5-aryl-3-arylthiomethyl-1,2,4-triazoles has been developed that permits the incorporation of two elements of diversity. The heterocycle was constructed upon a novel 4-benzyloxy-2-methoxybenzylamine (BOMBA) resin, from which traceless cleavage could be effected with dilute TFA. A library of 96 triazoles was produced with an average yield of 26% (84% yield per step) and an average purity of 80%. In a direct comparison, the new BOMBA resin proved to be markedly superior to Rink Amide resin for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Larsen
- Combinatorial and Medicinal Chemistry Research, Pharmacia Corporation, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, USA.
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19
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Jubilut GN, Cilli EM, Tominaga M, Miranda A, Okada Y, Nakaie CR. Evaluation of the trifluoromethanosulfonic acid/trifluoroacetic acid/thioanisole cleavage procedure for application in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1089-92. [PMID: 11558592 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As an extension of our investigation of peptidyl-resin linkage stability towards different cleavage procedures used in the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technique, the present paper evaluated the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA)/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/thioanisole method, varying the type of resin (benzhydrylamine-resin, BHAR; methylbenzhydrylamine-resin, MBHAR and 4-(oxymethyl)-phenylacetamidomethyl-resin, PAMR) and peptide resin-bound residue (Gly and Phe). The vasoactive angiotensin II (AII, DRVYIHPF) and its [Gly8]-AII analogue linked to those resins used routinely in tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-SPPS chemistry were submitted comparatively to a time course study towards TFMSA/TFA cleavage. At 0 degrees C, [Gly8]-AII was completely removed from all resins in less than 6 h, but the hydrophobic Phe8 moiety-containing AII sequence was only partially cleaved (not more than 15%) from BHAR or MBHAR in this period. At 25 degrees C, [Gly8]-AII cleavage time decreased to less than 2 h irrespective of the solid support, and quantitative removal of AII from PAMR and MBHAR occurred in less than 3 h. However, about 10-15 h seemed to be necessary for cleavage of AII from BHAR, and in this extended cleavage reaction a significant increase in peptide degradation rate was observed. Regardless of the cleavage temperature used, the decreasing order of acid stability measured for resins was BHAR>MBHAR>PAMR. Collectively, these findings demonstrated the feasibility of applying TFMSA/TFA solution as a substitute for anhydrous HF at the cleavage step in Boc-SPPS methodology. Care should be taken however, as the cleavage efficacy depends on multiple factors including the resin, peptide sequence, the time and temperature of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Jubilut
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sanz-Nebot V, Toro I, Castillo A, Barbosa J. Investigation of synthetic peptide hormones by liquid chromatography coupled to pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: analysis of a synthesis crude of peptide triptorelin. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:1031-1039. [PMID: 11404838 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Triptorelin, a synthetic peptide hormone used in the treatment of prostate cancer by means of reduction in the action of male hormone testosterone, is studied here. The synthetic procedure commonly results in unwanted side products that require extensive purification and characterization of the synthesis mixture. The chromatographic separation of triptorelin from the crude mixture was developed by applying the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) methodology previously developed, to optimize the composition of the mobile phase in order to avoid lengthy empirical optimization procedures. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/ES-MS) was used to obtain reliable information on the inevitable side products. The knowledge of the identity of these impurities allows fast optimization of the synthetic procedure and also the therapeutic use of triptorelin peptide hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sanz-Nebot
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Highly-substituted benzhydrylamine resin: An alternative chromatographic support for ganglioside and neutral glycosphingolipid purification. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guillier F, Orain D, Bradley M. Linkers and cleavage strategies in solid-phase organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Chem Rev 2000; 100:2091-158. [PMID: 11749285 DOI: 10.1021/cr980040+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Guillier
- Department of Chemistry, Southampton University, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Alanex Division of Agouron Pharmaceuticals, A Werner Lambert Company, 3550 General Atomic Courts, San Diego, California 92121
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23
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First purification of heparan sulfate disaccharides with an amine resin used as solid support for peptide synthesis. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cilli EM, Marchetto R, Schreier S, Nakaie CR. Correlation between the Mobility of Spin-Labeled Peptide Chains and Resin Solvation: An Approach To Optimize the Synthesis of Aggregating Sequences1. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo991035o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de Maio 100, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, USP, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de Maio 100, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, USP, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shirley Schreier
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de Maio 100, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, USP, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis R. Nakaie
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de Maio 100, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, USP, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fractionation and characterization of a crude peptide mixture from the synthesis of eledoisin by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Li C, Martin LM. A robust method for determining DNA binding constants using capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 1998; 263:72-8. [PMID: 9750146 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE or CE) with on-line UV detection was utilized to measure the binding constants between purified calf thymus DNA and a library of designed tetrapeptides which had been constructed using unnatural amino acids with thiazole ring side chains. Mixtures containing a constant amount of a tetrapeptide, the neutral marker (mesityl oxide), and varying concentrations of DNA were prepared and equilibrated at 8 degreesC for 12 h. CE was then utilized to separate unbound tetrapeptides from the DNA-peptide complex. The UV absorbance of the peak representing unbound tetrapeptide decreased incrementally as a result of increasing the concentration of DNA in the equilibrium mixture. The absorbance of the peak corresponding to the unbound tetrapeptide was obtained directly from the electropherogram and used in the calculation of the DNA-peptide binding constants. The binding constant for each tetrapeptide to calf thymus DNA was obtained from the negative slope of a Scatchard plot and a comparison of the binding constants for different peptides showed that the tetrapeptides in the library have DNA-binding affinities ranging from 10(2) to 10(6) M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881-0809, USA
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Songster
- Biosearch Technologies, Inc., San Rafael, California 94903, USA
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28
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Etchegaray A, Carvalho RSH, Boschcov P, Nakaie CR. Estimation of the pK a of the amine groups of benzhydrylamine resin and its lysyl derivative by measurement of swelling. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02272827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Fullerenes bound to an insoluble polymeric phase: surface photophysical studies using diffuse reflectance laser flash photolysis (DRLFP). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(95)04054-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Solid-phase synthesis and C-terminal amidation of peptides using a photolabile o-nitrobenzhydrylaminopolystyrene support. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02366-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Liu L, Yan H, Ni A, Cheng X, He B. Interaction of calmodulin with synthetic deletion peptides of melittin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:107-12. [PMID: 8138346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The 26-residue peptide melittin present in bee venom has been shown to bind calmodulin tightly. In this study we synthesized the following series of deletion peptides of melittin by the solid-phase method: Mel12, Mel13, Mel14, Mel15, Mel15F. The results of this study show that the deletion peptides Mel14 and Mel15 have almost the same binding activity as the intact native peptide. Each deletion peptide forms a 1:1 complex with calmodulin according to electrophoresis analysis. When the tryptophanyl residue of Mel15 was replaced by the phenylalaninyl residue, the dissociation constant of the peptide-calmodulin complex increased. This shows the importance of the tryptophanyl residue for binding to calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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32
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Bleakman D, Colmers WF, Fournier A, Miller RJ. Neuropeptide Y inhibits Ca2+ influx into cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones of the rat via a Y2 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 1991; 103:1781-9. [PMID: 1718523 PMCID: PMC1907799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb09863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The identity of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor associated with the observed inhibition of neuronal Ca2+ currents (ICa) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells has been established on the basis of agonist responses to analogues and carboxy terminal (C-terminal) fragments of the NPY molecule. 2. Whole cell barium currents (IBa) in DRG cells were reversibly inhibited by 100 nM NPY, 100 nM PYY and C-terminal fragments of NPY in a manner that correlated with the length of the NPY fragments (for inhibition of the IBa NPY = PYY greater than NPY2-36 greater than NPY13-36 greater than NPY16-36 greater than NPY18-36 much greater than NPY25-36). 3. C-terminal fragments of NPY were also effective in reversibly reducing the ICa, the associated increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) and the increased [Ca2+]i produced by evoked action potentials in the DRG cells. In addition, a Ca(2+)-activated Cl- conductance was also reversibly reduced by NPY fragments only when accompanied by a reduction in Ca2+ entry. 4. We conclude that the Y2 receptor for neuropeptide Y is coupled to inhibition of Ca2+ influx via voltage-sensitive calcium channels in DRG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bleakman
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois
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33
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Chartrel N, Conlon JM, Danger JM, Fournier A, Tonon MC, Vaudry H. Characterization of melanotropin-release-inhibiting factor (melanostatin) from frog brain: homology with human neuropeptide Y. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:3862-6. [PMID: 1673794 PMCID: PMC51553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A polypeptide was purified from frog brain extracts on the basis of its ability to inhibit alpha-melanotropin release from perifused frog neurointermediate lobes. Based on Edman degradation, amino acid analysis, and peptide mapping, the primary structure of this frog melanotropin-release-inhibiting factor (melanostatin) was determined to be H-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Lys-Pro-Asp-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asp-Met- Ala-Lys-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg- Tyr-NH2 . Frog melanostatin belongs to the pancreatic polypeptide/neuropeptide Y/peptide YY family, and the structure of this peptide differs from that of human neuropeptide Y by only one amino acid substitution in position 19. A synthetic replicate of frog melanostatin is coeluted with the native peptide on HPLC and is highly potent in inhibiting alpha-melanotropin secretion in vitro (IC50 = 60 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chartrel
- European Institute for Peptide Research, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 650, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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34
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Colmers WF, Klapstein GJ, Fournier A, St-Pierre S, Treherne KA. Presynaptic inhibition by neuropeptide Y in rat hippocampal slice in vitro is mediated by a Y2 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 1991; 102:41-4. [PMID: 1646061 PMCID: PMC1917895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The action of analogues and C-terminal fragments of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was examined on excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice in vitro, by use of intracellular and extracellular recordings, to determine by agonist profile the NPY receptor subtype mediating presynaptic inhibition. 2. Neither NPY, analogues nor fragments of NPY affected the passive or active properties of the post-synaptic CA1 pyramidal neurones, indicating their action is at a presynaptic site. 3. The full-sequence analogues, peptide YY (PYY) and human NPY (hNPY), were equipotent with NPY at the presynaptic receptor, while desamido hNPY was without activity. 4. NPY2-36 was equipotent with NPY. Fragments as short as NPY 13-36 were active, but gradually lost activity with decreasing length. NPY 16-36 had no effect on extracellular field potentials, but still significantly inhibited excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. Fragments shorter than NPY 16-36 had no measurable effect on synaptic transmission. 5. The presynaptic NPY receptor in hippocampal CA1 therefore shares an identical agonist profile with the presynaptic Y2 receptor at the peripheral sympathetic neuroeffector junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Colmers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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35
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Liu KL, He BL, Xiao SB, Xia QM, Fang X, Wang ZY. Antagonists of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone with novel unnatural amino acids at position six. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:157-60. [PMID: 2182559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Five new antagonists of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) containing novel unnatural amino acids at position six are reported. They are very effective in the rat antiovulatory assay. Using saline as vehicle, antagonist-[N-Ac-D-2-Nal1, D-4-Cl-Phe2, D-3-Pal3, Arg5, D-A26, D-Ala10]-LHRH inhibited ovulation completely at 1 micrograms/rat and three of the other antagonists showed some antiovulatory activity at 0.5 micrograms/rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Liu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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36
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Buku A, Gazis D. Probes for vasopressin receptors. Attachment of affinity and fluorescent groups in vasopressin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:128-32. [PMID: 2157680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent, photoreactive, and biotinylated analogs of vasopressin have been prepared in which one of these three groups has been attached to a reactive amino group in either position 4 or position 7. Using solid phase methodology, we have synthesized two active parent compounds, [1-desamino,4-lysine,7-hydroxyproline]arginine vasopressin and [1-desamino,7-aminoproline]arginine vasopressin, and acylated them to obtain biotinyl, azidobenzoyl, and fluoresceinyl derivatives. We have also prepared analogs in which a "spacer arm" was inserted between lysine in position 4 and the marker group. Some of these derivatives have good antidiuretic activity and could be valuable probes in studying hormone-receptor interaction and in receptor visualization and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buku
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of CUNY, NY
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37
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Buku A, Yamin N, Gazis D. Effects of the substitution of photoreactive groups in positions 4 and 8 of vasopressin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1989; 34:28-32. [PMID: 2507457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to synthesize potent vasopressin analogs containing photoreactive groups, we prepared, by solid phase synthesis, three analogs with proline or hydroxyproline substitutions in positions 4 and/or 7, lysine in positions 4 or 8, and beta-mercaptopropionic acid in position 1. From these three parent analogs, 1-desamino[4-proline,8-lysine]VP, 1-desamino[4-hydroxyproline,8-lysine]VP, and 1-desamino[4-lysine,7-hydroxyproline]AVP, we then prepared the corresponding azido compounds using the epsilon-amino group of lysine as the attachment point. These six analogs were then assayed for antidiuretic and pressor activities in rats. One of the resulting analogs, 1-desamino[4-lysine(N epsilon-4-azidobenzoyl),7-hydroxyproline)]AVP has the highest antidiuretic activity of any photoreactive compound reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buku
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of CUNY, NY
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38
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Motoi M, Suda H, Kijima M, Doi T, Nakagawa T, Kanoh S. Polymer Reactions of the Pendant Alkyl Bromides of Soluble and Insoluble Polyoxetanes for the Preparation of Chemically Modified Polyethers. Polym J 1989. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.21.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Abstract
This study reports the solid phase synthesis and biological activities of two oxytocin analogs, [1-desamino, 4-lysine,7-(L-3,4,-dehydroproline)]oxytocin and [1-desamino, 4-threonine,7-(L-3,4-dehydroproline),8-lysine]oxytocin, and several fluorescent, photoaffinity, or biotinylated derivatives of these analogs and of oxytocin. The activities (in IU/mg) of the lysine-containing parent compounds, respectively, were as follows: uterus (without Mg++) 4.8 and 54; uterus (with Mg++) 19 and 440; milk ejection 65 and 414. The above analogs were coupled through the chemically reactive epsilon-amino group of lysine in position 4 or 8 or, in the case of oxytocin, through the N-terminal amino group of fluoresceine, photoaffinity, or biotinyl ligands. Fluoresceine coupled in position 1 of oxytocin gave an analog of low to moderate uterine (3.8 without Mg+ and 1.9 with Mg++) and milk ejection (7.9) activities. Analogs with biotin or fluoresceine coupled to lysine in position 4 had moderate uterine (11 and 23 without Mg++; 38 and 11 with Mg++) and milk ejection (33 and 13) activities. Analogs with fluoresceine, photoaffinity, or biotinyl labels coupled to lysine in position 8 retained good uterine (106, 62, and 147 without Mg++; 79, 78, and 509 with Mg++) and milk ejection (101, 181, and 247) activities and represent potentially useful experimental tools for studying hormone-receptor interactions and for receptor localization and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buku
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of CUNY, New York 10029
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40
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Ploux O, Chassaing G, Marquet A. Cyclization of peptides on a solid support. Application to cyclic analogs of substance P. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1987; 29:162-9. [PMID: 2437065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1987.tb02242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The general conditions for cyclization of peptides on polymer matrix by disulfide bridge formation are reported. This procedure is based on attack of 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl group (Npys) by a thiol function. It has been used for synthesis of five cyclic analogs of Substance P.
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41
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Giralt E, Ludevid MD, Pedroso E. The relevance of imidazole tautomerism for the hormonal activity of histidine-containing peptides. Bioorg Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-2068(86)90005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Rioux F, Bachelard H, Martel JC, St-Pierre S. The vasoconstrictor effect of neuropeptide Y and related peptides in the guinea pig isolated heart. Peptides 1986; 7:27-31. [PMID: 3754963 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(86)90056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) infusions into isolated, perfused, spontaneously beating hearts of guinea pigs elicited concentration-dependent increases of myocardial perfusion pressure and decreases of myocardial tension, but no consistent changes of heart rate. The increase of perfusion pressure caused by NPY (attributed to a constrictor effect on coronary vessels) was not affected by atropine, prazosin, yohimbine, propranolol, cimetidine, diphenhydramine, indomethacin or a mixture of methysergide and morphine. However, it was reduced by verapamil, a Ca2+ antagonist. Deletion of the N-terminal amino acid Tyr1 from the NPY molecule caused a 12-fold reduction of NPY potency as a coronary constrictor. Further shortening of the NPY molecule by removal of sequence Tyr1 through Glu15 or Tyr1 through Ala18 caused major losses of potency without detectable reduction of intrinsic activity. The results suggest that the constrictor effect of NPY on guinea pig coronary vessels results from a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, is mediated by specific receptors and is likely to involve the participation of extracellular calcium ions. The results also suggest that the chemical groups responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of NPY in guinea pig hearts might be scattered in the C-terminal end of the peptide.
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43
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Delmas A, Milhaud G, Raulais D, Rivaille P. Epitopes of the 44-68 human parathyroid hormone fragments: the importance of specific hydrophilic peptide sequences. Mol Immunol 1985; 22:675-9. [PMID: 2410781 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(85)90097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several pentapeptides included in the 44-68 sequence of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) were synthesized simultaneously on benzhydrylamine and m-nitrobenzhydrylamine resins. The first polymer gave the free peptide and the second the peptidyl-resin complex. An ELISA test carried out with each peptidyl-resin complex showed that all the anti-44-68 hPTH antibodies raised in different animal species are directed against the same hPTH pentapeptidic sequence. This sequence is very hydrophilic and is specific to the hormone. This study demonstrates the importance of specific peptide chains in an epitope.
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44
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45
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Lavielle S, Chassaing G, Beaujouan JC, Torrens Y, Marquet A. Binding affinities to rat brain synaptosomes--synthesis of biotinylated analogues of Substance P. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1984; 24:480-7. [PMID: 6083984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1984.tb03148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four biotinylated analogues of Substance P is described. The affinities of these analogues and of their complexes with avidin for the 125I-Bolton Hunter Substance P binding sites on rat brain synaptosomes were determined. While these biotinylated peptides complexed to avidin retain a good biological activity on the guinea-pig ileum bioassay, we observe a net decrease in their binding affinities in the central nervous system. The present study confirms that in the central nervous system the higher affinity is related to the N-terminal tetrapeptide and establishes that the free amino group (N-alpha-Arg and N-epsilon-Lys) are not essential in the binding.
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46
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Fournier A, Saunders JK, St-Pierre S. Synthesis, conformational studies and biological activities of VIP and related fragments. Peptides 1984; 5:169-77. [PMID: 6473150 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
VIP and related fragments were prepared by the solid-phase method. The peptides were assembled on a benzhydrylamine resin and couplings of the Boc-amino acids were carried out by the symmetrical anhydride method. Cleavage was achieved by treatment with liquid HF and purification was accomplished by successive steps of cation exchange, partition and semi-preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. The biological activities were evaluated in vitro in the rabbit perfused heart and in vivo on the rat blood pressure. Structural studies were performed by high resolution (400 MHz) 1H-NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism. The results show that among all the fragments tested, only VIP2-28 retains significant biological activity. The fragments 1-14 and 15-28, which are devoid of activity, were found to be inactive as antagonists. VIP and some of the fragments tend to adopt the helical structure, as demonstrated by spectroscopic techniques.
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47
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Albericio F, Granier C, Labbe-Jullie C, Seagar M, Couraud F, Van Rietschoten J. Solid phase synthesis and hplc purification of the protected 1-12 sequence of apamin for rapid synthesis of apamin analogues differing in the c-terminal region. Tetrahedron 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)98806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Giralt E, Rizo J, Pedroso E. Application of gel-phase 13c-nmr to monitor solid phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(84)85095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Fournier A, Saunders JK, St-Pierre S. 400 MHz NMR study on the C-terminal fragment 21-28 of vasoactive intestinal peptide. Peptides 1982; 3:345-52. [PMID: 7122271 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(82)90097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A conformational study of the C-terminal fragment 21-28 of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was carried out by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. All spectral data were recorded with a Brüker 400 MHz spectrometer. The correct assignment of peaks was determined by specific homonuclear decoupling and by titration. The chemical shifts of amide protons were measured as a function of temperature in order to detect the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. A tridimensional structure is proposed for the peptide.
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50
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Giralt E, Albericio F, Pedroso E, Granier C, van Rietschoten J. Convergent solid phase peptide synthesis. II. Synthesis of the 1–6 apamin protected segment on a NBB-resin. Synthesis of apamin. Tetrahedron 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(82)85103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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