1
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Bastian AA, Bastian M, Jäger M, Loznik M, Warszawik EM, Yang X, Tahiri N, Fodran P, Witte MD, Thoma A, Köhler J, Minnaard AJ, Herrmann A. Late-Stage Modification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Overcomes Bacterial Resistance Mediated by APH(3') Kinases. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200883. [PMID: 35388562 PMCID: PMC9321007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing a threat to patients infected by multidrug‐resistant pathogens. In particular, the clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, broad‐spectrum antibacterials of last resort, is limited due to rising bacterial resistance. One of the major resistance mechanisms in Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria is phosphorylation of these amino sugars at the 3’‐position by O‐phosphotransferases [APH(3’)s]. Structural alteration of these antibiotics at the 3’‐position would be an obvious strategy to tackle this resistance mechanism. However, the access to such derivatives requires cumbersome multi‐step synthesis, which is not appealing for pharma industry in this low‐return‐on‐investment market. To overcome this obstacle and combat bacterial resistance mediated by APH(3’)s, we introduce a novel regioselective modification of aminoglycosides in the 3’‐position via palladium‐catalyzed oxidation. To underline the effectiveness of our method for structural modification of aminoglycosides, we have developed two novel antibiotic candidates overcoming APH(3’)s‐mediated resistance employing only four synthetic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Bastian
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,AGILeBiotics B.V., De Mudden 14, 9747 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Bastian
- AGILeBiotics B.V., De Mudden 14, 9747 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Jäger
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Mark Loznik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eliza M Warszawik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, W. J. Kolff Institute-FB41, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Xintong Yang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nabil Tahiri
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Peter Fodran
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Martin D Witte
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Anne Thoma
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Köhler
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Obszynski J, Loidon H, Blanc A, Weibel JM, Pale P. Targeted modifications of neomycin and paromomycin: Towards resistance-free antibiotics? Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Woldegiorgis AG, Han Z, Lin X. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization Reaction for the Synthesis of Axial Chiral Allene-Derived Naphthalenones Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2021; 23:6606-6611. [PMID: 34387497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective dearomatization reaction of 1-substituted 2-naphthols and β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters with complete atom economy is disclosed via chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. This protocol provides facile and efficient access to asymmetric construction of a broad range of axially chiral allene-derived naphthalenones bearing quaternary stereocenters in good yields with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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4
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Maegawa K, Tanimoto H, Onishi S, Tomohiro T, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Taming the reactivity of alkyl azides by intramolecular hydrogen bonding: site-selective conjugation of unhindered diazides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the α-azido secondary acetamides (α-AzSAs) enabled site-selective integration onto the diazide modular hubs even without steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Maegawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Onishi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takenori Tomohiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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5
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Yokoi T, Tanimoto H, Ueda T, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Site-Selective Conversion of Azido Groups at Carbonyl α-Positions to Diazo Groups in Diazido and Triazido Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12103-12121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yokoi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueda
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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6
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Kukielski C, Maiti K, Bhaduri S, Story S, Arya DP. Rapid solid-phase syntheses of a peptidic-aminoglycoside library. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Subedi YP, AlFindee MN, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins: new life for an old drug. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:909-919. [PMID: 30108980 PMCID: PMC6071784 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical aminoglycoside antibiotics are obsolete or hampered by the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Recent discoveries of antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins offer new strategies for reviving and repurposing these old drugs. A simple structural modification turns the clinically obsolete antibacterial kanamycin into an antifungal agent. Structure-activity relationship studies have led to the production of K20, an antifungal kanamycin that can be mass-produced for uses in agriculture as well as in animals. This review delineates the path to the discovery of K20 and other related antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins, determination of its mode of action, and findings in greenhouse and field trials with K20 that could lead to crop disease protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagya Prasad Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Madher N AlFindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology , Utah State University , 5305 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-5305 , USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
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8
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Udumula V, Nazari SH, Burt SR, Alfindee MN, Michaelis DJ. Chemo- and Site-Selective Alkyl and Aryl Azide Reductions with Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatareddy Udumula
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - S. Hadi Nazari
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Scott R. Burt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Madher N. Alfindee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - David J. Michaelis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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9
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Bera S, Mondal D, Palit S, Schweizer F. Structural modifications of the neomycin class of aminoglycosides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses comprehensive literature on synthetic modification and biological activities of clinically used neomycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotics to alleviate dose-related toxicity and pathogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar-382030
- India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar-382030
- India
| | - Subhadeep Palit
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Microbiology
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
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10
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Chandrika NT, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A review of patents (2011-2015) towards combating resistance to and toxicity of aminoglycosides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 7:50-68. [PMID: 27019689 PMCID: PMC4806794 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first aminoglycoside (AG), streptomycin, in 1943, these broad-spectrum antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The inherent toxicity (ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity) associated with their long-term use as well as the emergence of resistant bacterial strains have limited their usage. Structural modifications of AGs by AG-modifying enzymes, reduced target affinity caused by ribosomal modification, and decrease in their cellular concentration by efflux pumps have resulted in resistance towards AGs. However, the last decade has seen a renewed interest among the scientific community for AGs as exemplified by the recent influx of scientific articles and patents on their therapeutic use. In this review, we use a non-conventional approach to put forth this renaissance on AG development/application by summarizing all patents filed on AGs from 2011-2015 and highlighting some related publications on the most recent work done on AGs to overcome resistance and improving their therapeutic use while reducing ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We also present work towards developing amphiphilic AGs for use as fungicides as well as that towards repurposing existing AGs for potential newer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
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11
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Hanessian S, Saavedra OM, Vilchis-Reyes MA, Maianti JP, Kanazawa H, Dozzo P, Matias RD, Serio A, Kondo J. Synthesis, broad spectrum antibacterial activity, and X-ray co-crystal structure of the decoding bacterial ribosomal A-site with 4′-deoxy-4′-fluoro neomycin analogs. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01626b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
The attachment of alkyl and other hydrophobic groups to traditional antibacterial kanamycins and neomycins creates amphiphilic aminoglycosides with altered antimicrobial properties. In this review, we summarize the discovery of amphiphilic kanamycins that are antifungal, but not antibacterial, and that inhibit the growth of fungi by perturbation of plasma membrane functions. With low toxicities against plant and mammalian cells, they appear to specifically target the fungal plasma membrane. These new antifungal agents offer new options for fighting fungal pathogens and are examples of reviving old drugs to confront new therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W T Chang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300 U.S.A
| | - J Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5305 U.S.A
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13
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Bastian AA, Warszawik EM, Panduru P, Arenz C, Herrmann A. Regioselective Diazo-Transfer Reaction at the C3-Position of the 2-Desoxystreptamine Ring of Neamine Antibiotics. Chemistry 2013; 19:9151-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Investigation of antibacterial mode of action for traditional and amphiphilic aminoglycosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1671-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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L MR, Yousuf SK, Mukherjee D, Taneja SC. Regioselective azidotrimethylsilylation of carbohydrates and applications thereof. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9090-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Keller K, Takemoto JY, Bensaci M, Litke A, Czyryca PG, Chang CWT. Synthesis and combinational antibacterial study of 5''-modified neomycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:539-44. [PMID: 19629142 PMCID: PMC2783947 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A library of 5″-modified neomycin derivatives were synthesized for an antibacterial structure-activity optimization strategy. Two leads exhibited prominent activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Antibacterial activities were measured when combined with other clinically used antibiotics. Significant synergistic activities were observed which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic practices in the battle against infectious bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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17
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Zhang J, Chiang FI, Wu L, Czyryca PG, Li D, Chang CWT. Surprising alteration of antibacterial activity of 5"-modified neomycin against resistant bacteria. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7563-73. [PMID: 19012394 DOI: 10.1021/jm800997s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic protocol for the production of neomycin B derivatives with various modifications at the 5'' position has been developed. The structural activity relationship (SAR) against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria equipped with various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) was investigated. Enzymatic and molecular modeling studies reveal that the superb substrate promiscuity of AMEs allows the resistant bacteria to cope with diverse structural modifications despite the observation that several derivatives show enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the parent neomycin. Surprisingly, when testing synthetic neomycin derivatives against other human pathogens, two leads exhibit prominent activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) that are known to exert a high level of resistance against clinically used aminoglycosides. These findings can be extremely useful in developing new aminoglycoside antibiotics against resistant bacteria. Our result also suggests that new biological and antimicrobial activities can be obtained by chemical modifications of old drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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18
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Pang LJ, Wang D, Zhou J, Zhang LH, Ye XS. Synthesis of neamine-derived pseudodisaccharides by stereo- and regio-selective functional group transformations. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4252-66. [DOI: 10.1039/b907518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Regioselective modification of amino groups in aminoglycosides based on cyclic carbamate formation. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Nudelman I, Chen L, Llewellyn N, Sahraoui EH, Cherniavsky M, Spencer J, Baasov T. Combined Chemical-Enzymatic Assembly of Aminoglycoside Derivatives with N-1-AHB Side Chain. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Ketomäki K, Virta P. Synthesis of aminoglycoside conjugates of 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:766-77. [PMID: 18281927 DOI: 10.1021/bc7004279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside conjugates of 2'- O-methyl oligoribonucleotides have been synthesized entirely on a solid phase using conventional phosphoramidate chemistry. For this purpose, appropriately protected neamine-derived phosphoramidites, viz., 2-cyanoethyl [6,3',4'-tri- O-levulinoyl- N (1), N (3), N (2) (') , N (6) (') -tetra(trifluoroacetyl)neamine-5- O-ethyl] N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite, 1, and 2-cyanoethyl [6,3',4',2'',3''-penta- O-levulinoyl- N (1), N (3), N (2) (') , N (6) (') -tetra(trifluoroacetyl) ribostamycin-5''-yl] N, N-diisopropylphosphoramidite, 2, have been prepared and attached via phosphodiester linkage to an appropriate 2'- O-methyl oligoribonucleotide. Levulinoyl esters are used to cap the hydroxyl groups of the aminoglycoside moieties, since they may be selectively removed prior to ammonolysis. In this manner, the potential O-->N acyl migration is excluded. Applicability of the strategy has been demonstrated by the synthesis of eight different aminoglycoside conjugates, in which 1 and 2 are attached directly to the 5'-end ( 6 and 10) or, alternatively, to an inserted non-nucleosidic hydroxyalkyl armed branching unit ( 3, 4, or 5), which results in intrachain conjugates ( 7- 9, 11- 13). The potential of these conjugates to act as a sequence-selective artificial nuclease has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Ketomäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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Bauder C. A convenient synthesis of orthogonally protected 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) as an aminocyclitol scaffold for the development of novel aminoglycoside antibiotic derivatives against bacterial resistance. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2952-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b804784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Hainrichson M, Nudelman I, Baasov T. Designer aminoglycosides: the race to develop improved antibiotics and compounds for the treatment of human genetic diseases. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 6:227-39. [PMID: 18174989 DOI: 10.1039/b712690p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics that exert their bactericidal therapeutic effect by selectively binding to the decoding aminoacyl site (A-site) of the bacterial 16 S rRNA, thereby interfering with translational fidelity during protein synthesis. The appearance of bacterial strains resistant to these drugs, as well as their relative toxicity, have inspired extensive searches towards the goal of obtaining novel molecular designs with improved antibacterial activity and reduced toxicity. In the last few years, a new, aminoglycoside dependent therapeutic approach for the treatment of certain human genetic diseases has been identified. These treatments rely on the ability of certain aminoglycosides to induce mammalian ribosomes to readthrough premature stop codon mutations. This new and challenging task has introduced fresh research avenues in the field of aminoglycoside research. Recent observations and current challenges in the design of aminoglycosides with improved antibacterial activity and the treatment of human genetic diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hainrichson
- The Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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