1
|
Moon H, Jung J, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Stereospecific syn-dihalogenations and regiodivergent syn-interhalogenation of alkenes via vicinal double electrophilic activation strategy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3710. [PMID: 38697968 PMCID: PMC11066093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Whereas the conventional anti-dihalogenation of alkenes is a valuable synthetic tool with highly predictable stereospecificity, the restricted reaction mechanism makes it challenging to alter the diastereochemical course into the complementary syn-dihalogenation process. Only a few notable achievements were made recently by inverting one of the stereocenters after anti-addition using a carefully designed reagent system. Here, we report a conceptually distinctive strategy for the simultaneous double electrophilic activation of the two alkene carbons from the same side. Then, the resulting vicinal leaving groups can be displaced iteratively by nucleophilic halides to complete the syn-dihalogenation. For this purpose, thianthrenium dication is employed, and all possible combinations of chlorine and bromine are added onto internal alkenes successfully, particularly resulting in the syn-dibromination and the regiodivergent syn-bromochlorination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lessard O, Lainé D, Fecteau CÉ, Johnson PA, Giguère D. Fundamental curiosity of multivicinal inter-halide stereocenters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01433e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective strategy allowed the striking impact of a single halogen on the physical properties of inter-halide alkane units to be unravelled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lessard
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Danny Lainé
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Charles-Émile Fecteau
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Paul A. Johnson
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lian P, Long W, Li J, Zheng Y, Wan X. Visible‐Light‐Induced Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes through LMCT Excitation of CuCl
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Long
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lian P, Long W, Li J, Zheng Y, Wan X. Visible‐Light‐Induced Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes through LMCT Excitation of CuCl
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23603-23608. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Long
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding R, Huang S, Wang Q, Liu Y, Sun B, Tian H. Dichlorination of olefins with diphenyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1774901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Umezawa T, Shibata M, Tamagawa R, Matsuda F. Neighboring Effect of Intramolecular Chlorine Atoms on Epoxide Opening Reaction by Chloride Anions. Org Lett 2019; 21:7731-7735. [PMID: 31535869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the diastereoselectivity of ring openings for chloro vinyl epoxides with various chlorination reagents. In the chlorinolysis reactions using vinyl epoxides having an allyl alcohol, inversion:retention ratios varied depending on the chloride sources. In limited cases, the increase in retention ratio was consistent with the intervention of chloronium ions. In contrast, all vinyl epoxides bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester gave only the inversion products. These results suggest the electron-withdrawing property suppressed the chloronium ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tamagawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sarie JC, Neufeld J, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Catalytic Vicinal Dichlorination of Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme C. Sarie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Neufeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gilbert BB, Eey STC, Ryabchuk P, Garry O, Denmark SE. Organoselenium-catalyzed enantioselective syn-dichlorination of unbiased alkenes. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:4086-4098. [PMID: 31768077 PMCID: PMC6876749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective dichlorination of alkenes is a continuing challenge in organic synthesis owing to the limitations of selective and independent antarafacial delivery of both electrophilic chlorenium and nucleophilic chloride to an olefin. Development of a general method for the enantioselective dichlorination of isolated alkenes would allow access to a wide variety of polyhalogenated natural products. Accordingly, the enantioselective suprafacial dichlorination of alkenes catalyzed by electrophilic organoselenium reagents has been developed to address these limitations. The evaluation of twenty-three diselenides as precatalysts for enantioselective dichlorination is described, with a maximum e.r. of 76:24 Additionally, mechanistic studies suggest an unexpected Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DyKAT) process may be operative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley B. Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanley T.-C. Eey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Pavel Ryabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Olivia Garry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Longwitz L, Jopp S, Werner T. Organocatalytic Chlorination of Alcohols by P(III)/P(V) Redox Cycling. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7863-7870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Longwitz
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Jopp
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cleveland AH, Fronczek FR, Kartika R. Synthesis of Vicinal Dichlorides via Activation of Aliphatic Terminal Epoxides with Triphosgene and Pyridine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3367-3377. [PMID: 29465239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel synthetic reaction to convert unactivated terminal aliphatic epoxide to alkyl vicinal dichloride based on triphosgene-pyridine activation. Our methodology is operationally simple and readily tolerated by a broad of scope of substrates as well as protecting groups. Furthermore, these mild conditions generally yield clean reaction mixtures that are free of byproducts upon aqueous workup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Cleveland
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , 232 Choppin Hall , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , 232 Choppin Hall , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Rendy Kartika
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , 232 Choppin Hall , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tan Y, Luo S, Li D, Zhang N, Jia S, Liu Y, Qin W, Song CE, Yan H. Enantioselective Synthesis of anti–syn-Trihalides and anti–syn–anti-Tetrahalides via Asymmetric β-Elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6431-6436. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shilong Luo
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hailong Yan
- Innovative Drug
Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Saska J, Lewis W, Paton RS, Denton RM. Synthesis of malhamensilipin A exploiting iterative epoxidation/chlorination: experimental and computational analysis of epoxide-derived chloronium ions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7040-7049. [PMID: 28337338 PMCID: PMC5282550 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 12-step catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of malhamensilipin A (3) based upon an iterative epoxidation/chlorination strategy.
We report a 12-step catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of malhamensilipin A (3) and diastereoisomeric analogues from (E)-2-undecenal. The convergent synthesis relied upon iterative epoxidation and phosphorus(v)-mediated deoxydichlorination reactions as well a titanium-mediated epoxide-opening to construct the C11–C16 stereohexad. The latter transformation occurred with very high levels of stereoretention regardless of the C13 configuration of the parent epoxide, implicating anchimeric assistance of either the γ- or δ-chlorine atoms, and the formation of chloretanium or chlorolanium ions, respectively. A computational analysis of the chloronium ion intermediates provided support for the involvement of chlorolanium ions, whereas the potential chloretanium ions were found to be less likely intermediates on the basis of their greater carbocationic character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Saska
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - W Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - R S Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - R M Denton
- School of Chemistry , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Villalpando A, Saputra MA, Tugwell TH, Kartika R. Triphosgene-pyridine mediated stereoselective chlorination of acyclic aliphatic 1,3-diols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:15075-8. [PMID: 26323232 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe a strategy to chlorinate stereocomplementary acyclic aliphatic 1,3-diols using a mixture of triphosgene and pyridine. While 1,3-anti diols readily led to 1,3-anti dichlorides, 1,3-syn diols must be converted to 1,3-syn diol monosilylethers to access the corresponding 1,3-syn dichlorides. These dichlorination protocols were operationally simple, very mild, and readily tolerated by advanced synthetic intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Villalpando
- Department of Chemistry, 232 Choppin Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Landry ML, Hu DX, McKenna GM, Burns NZ. Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation and the Selective Synthesis of (-)-Deschloromytilipin A and (-)-Danicalipin A. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5150-8. [PMID: 27018981 PMCID: PMC4922634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-based catalytic enantioselective dichlorination of simple allylic alcohols is described. This dichlorination reaction provides stereoselective access to all common dichloroalcohol building blocks used in syntheses of chlorosulfolipid natural products. An enantioselective synthesis of ent-(-)-deschloromytilipin A and a concise, eight-step synthesis of ent-(-)-danicalipin A are executed and employ the dichlorination reaction as the first step. Extension of this system to enantioselective dibromination and its use in the synthesis of pentabromide stereoarrays relevant to bromosulfolipids is reported. The described dichlorination and dibromination reactions are capable of exerting diastereocontrol in complex settings allowing X-ray crystal structure analysis of natural and unnatural diastereomers of polyhalogenated stereohexads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Grace M. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chung WJ, Vanderwal CD. Stereoselective Halogenation in Natural Product Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4396-434. [PMID: 26833878 PMCID: PMC6028003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
At last count, nearly 5000 halogenated natural products have been discovered. In approximately half of these compounds, the carbon atom to which the halogen is bound is sp(3) -hybridized; therefore, there are an enormous number of natural products for which stereocontrolled halogenation must be a critical component of any synthesis strategy. In this Review, we critically discuss the methods and strategies used for stereoselective introduction of halogen atoms in the context of natural product synthesis. Using the successes of the past, we also attempt to identify gaps in our synthesis technology that would aid the synthesis of halogenated natural products, as well as existing methods that have not yet seen application in complex molecule synthesis. The chemistry described herein demonstrates yet again how natural products continue to provide the inspiration for critical advances in chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chung WJ, Vanderwal CD. Stereoselektive Halogenierungen in der Naturstoffsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju Südkorea
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fischer S, Huwyler N, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bromo- and Fluorodanicalipin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fischer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; HCI H335; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nikolas Huwyler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; HCI H335; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; HCI H335; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; HCI H335; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fischer S, Huwyler N, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bromo- and Fluorodanicalipin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2555-8. [PMID: 26840217 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We disclose the syntheses of (+)-bromodanicalipin A as well as (±)-fluorodanicalipin A. The relative configuration and ground-state conformation in solution of both molecules was secured by J-based configuration analysis which revealed that these are identical to natural danicalipin A. Furthermore, preliminary toxicological investigations suggest that the adverse effect of danicalipin A may be due to the lipophilicity of the halogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fischer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolas Huwyler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bailey AM, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Biological Investigations of (+)-Danicalipin A Enabled Through Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:639-43. [PMID: 26610732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the chlorosulfolipid (+)-danicalipin A has been accomplished in 12 steps and 4.4% overall yield. The efficient and scalable synthesis enabled in-depth investigations of the lipid's biological properties, in particular cytotoxicity towards various mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, the ability of (+)-danicalipin A to increase the uptake of fluorophores into bacteria and mammalian cells was demonstrated, indicating it may enhance membrane permeability. By comparing (+)-danicalipin A with racemic 1,14-docosane disulfate, and the diol precursor of (+)-danicalipin A, we have shown that both chlorine and sulfate functionalities are necessary for biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Bailey
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, HCI H335, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bailey AM, Wolfrum S, Carreira EM. Biological Investigations of (+)-Danicalipin A Enabled Through Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Shemet A, Sarlah D, Carreira EM. Stereochemical studies of the opening of chloro vinyl epoxides: cyclic chloronium ions as intermediates. Org Lett 2015; 17:1878-81. [PMID: 25811099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study of the opening of a collection of chlorinated vinyl epoxides is reported, which includes experiments that implicate both five- and four-membered chloronium ions as plausible intermediates in this type of epoxide opening reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu DX, Seidl FJ, Bucher C, Burns NZ. Catalytic chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective bromochlorination of allylic alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3795-8. [PMID: 25738419 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe a highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective bromochlorination reaction of allylic alcohols, employing readily available halogen sources and a simple Schiff base as the chiral catalyst. The application of this interhalogenation reaction to a variety of substrates, the rapid enantioselective synthesis of a bromochlorinated natural product, and preliminary extension of this chemistry to dibromination and dichlorination are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis X Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Frederick J Seidl
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Cyril Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vogel CV, Pietraszkiewicz H, Sabry OM, Gerwick WH, Valeriote FA, Vanderwal CD. Enantioselective divergent syntheses of several polyhalogenated Plocamium monoterpenes and evaluation of their selectivity for solid tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12205-9. [PMID: 25220828 PMCID: PMC4219742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The family of polyhalogenated monoterpenes from Plocamium counts over a hundred known members. Using glyceraldehyde acetonide as a chiral-pool precursor, an enantioselective and divergent strategy was developed that provides a blueprint for the synthesis of many of the small yet complex acyclic members of this family. The broad applicability of this approach is demonstrated with the short, eight-step synthesis of four natural products and three analogues. These syntheses are the first of any members of the acyclic polyhalogenated Plocamium monoterpenes and permitted the evaluation of their selectivity against a range of tumor cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl V. Vogel
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Halina Pietraszkiewicz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Omar M. Sabry
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Frederick A. Valeriote
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vogel CV, Pietraszkiewicz H, Sabry OM, Gerwick WH, Valeriote FA, Vanderwal CD. Enantioselective Divergent Syntheses of Several PolyhalogenatedPlocamiumMonoterpenes and Evaluation of Their Selectivity for Solid Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Umezawa T, Matsuda F. Recent progress toward synthesis of chlorosulfolipids: total synthesis and methodology. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Vanderwal CD. General approach to the synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in enantioenriched form. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2226-41. [PMID: 24494597 PMCID: PMC3954434 DOI: 10.1021/jo5000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A second-generation synthesis of three structurally related chlorosulfolipids has been developed. Key advances include highly stereocontrolled additions to α,β-dichloroaldehydes, kinetic resolutions of complex chlorinated vinyl epoxide intermediates, and Z-selective alkene cross metatheses of cis-vinyl epoxides. This strategy facilitated the synthesis of enantioenriched danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in nine, eight, and 11 steps, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph S. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chung WJ, Vanderwal CD. Approaches to the chemical synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:718-28. [PMID: 24400674 DOI: 10.1021/ar400246w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of the chlorosulfolipids in 1969, the chemical synthesis community largely ignored these compounds for nearly four decades, perhaps because they contain a high density of chlorine atoms, which suggested that these molecules and any projected synthetic intermediates might be unstable. Beginning in 2008, a sudden flurry of synthesis activity by several research groups, including our own, appeared in the literature. In this Account, we highlight our work from the last several years on the chemical synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids. Our work in this area began with attempts to stereoselectively generate the abundant dichloroalcohol functional group arrangements in these natural targets. In these early studies, we learned that many polychlorinated intermediates were far more stable than anticipated. We also developed a method for the diastereoselective dichlorination of allylic alcohol derivatives that permitted access to the syn,syn-dichloroalcohol stereotriad found in several chlorosulfolipids. Concurrently, we investigated an approach to mytilipin A that included multiple intermediates bearing aldehydes with β-leaving groups, but this route proved intractable. However, we leveraged what we had learned from this approach into our first success in this area: we synthesized danicalipin A via a route that introduced all of the polar functional groups using alkene oxidation reactions. By adapting this relatively general strategy, we completed an enantioselective synthesis of malhamensilipin A. This body of work also resulted in the full stereochemical elucidation of danicalipin A and the structural revision of malhamensilipin A. Finally, with the advent of Z-selective alkene cross metathesis, we developed a second-generation synthesis that featured this strategy in place of a poorly performing Wittig olefination that plagued our first approach. In addition to this new convergent step, we developed a reliable protocol for diastereoselective addition to highly sensitive α,β-dichloroaldehydes and a method for kinetic resolution of complex vinyl epoxides. Altogether, these advances led to a synthesis of enantioenriched mytilipin A in only eight steps. In the context of this work, we discovered a number of highly stereoselective reactions that might offer new, broadly applicable lessons in acyclic stereocontrol. Moreover, this research testifies to the stability of polychlorinated molecules and should inspire confidence in the use of aliphatic chlorides in other applications, including in discovery chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Majumdar KC, Sinha B. Coinage metals (Cu, Ag and Au) in the synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
31
|
Oda S, Yamamoto H. Synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-haloesters through super silyl ester directed syn-selective aldol reaction. Org Lett 2013; 15:6030-3. [PMID: 24205937 PMCID: PMC3946542 DOI: 10.1021/ol402928p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Super silyl haloesters including chloro- and bromoacetate were synthesized and utilized for aldol reactions to give syn-β-hydroxy-α-haloacetates in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. β-Hydroxy-α-fluoroacetate was obtained by lithiation of super silyl bromofluoroacetate. Sequential Darzens reactions provided cis-glycidic esters in moderate yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States, and Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University , 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. A synthesis of the chlorosulfolipid mytilipin A via a longest linear sequence of seven steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10052-5. [PMID: 23929596 PMCID: PMC3835569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Magnificent seven: The chlorosulfolipid mytilipin A was synthesized in racemic form in seven steps and in enantioenriched form in eight steps. Key transformations include a highly diastereoselective bromoallylation of a sensitive α,β-dichloroaldehyde, a kinetic resolution of a vinyl epoxide, a convergent and highly Z-selective alkene cross-metathesis, and a chemoselective and diastereoselective dichlorination of a complex diene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, U.S.A. Homepage: http://www.chem.uci.edu/~cdv
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. A Synthesis of the Chlorosulfolipid Mytilipin A via a Longest Linear Sequence of Seven Steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Britton R, Kang B. α-Haloaldehydes: versatile building blocks for natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:227-36. [PMID: 23258610 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The diastereoselective addition of organometallic reagents to α-chloroaldehydes was first reported in 1959 and occupies a historically significant role as the prototypical reaction for Cornforth's model of stereoinduction. Despite clear synthetic potential for these reagents, difficulties associated with producing enantiomerically enriched α-haloaldehydes limited their use in natural product synthesis through the latter half of the 20th century. In recent years, however, a variety of robust, organocatalytic processes have been reported that now provide direct access to optically enriched α-haloaldehydes and have motivated renewed interest in their use as building blocks for natural product synthesis. This Highlight summarizes the methods available for the enantioselective preparation of α-haloaldehydes and their stereoselective conversion into natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yus M, González-Gómez JC, Foubelo F. Diastereoselective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5595-698. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - José C. González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saadi J, Yamamoto H. β-Siloxy-α-haloketones through highly diastereoselective single and double mukaiyama aldol reactions. Chemistry 2013; 19:3842-5. [PMID: 23424059 PMCID: PMC3874236 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Double-action haloketones: A super silyl group enabled the first highly diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reactions of α-chloro- and α-fluoroketones with a wide range of aldehydes, providing anti-β-siloxy-α-haloketones. This process is compatible with one-pot double-aldol methodology and allows for rapid access to new halogen-modified polyketide fragments bearing up to four contiguous stereocenters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Saadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60635 (USA)
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60635 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kamada Y, Kitamura Y, Tanaka T, Yoshimitsu T. Dichlorination of olefins with NCS/Ph3P. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1598-601. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Huwyler N, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of the Chlorinated Sesquiterpene (±)-Gomerone C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
39
|
Huwyler N, Carreira EM. Total synthesis and stereochemical revision of the chlorinated sesquiterpene (±)-gomerone c. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13066-9. [PMID: 23161813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Revised: the total synthesis of gomerone C results in revision of the stereochemical assignment at C3. The synthetic strategy relies on a late-stage Conia-ene reaction, which efficiently forms the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane containing the bridgehead chloride and generates an exocyclic olefin, which can be used as a flexible handle for further elaboration. The two contiguous quaternary centers are installed by means of a Diels-Alder reaction.
Collapse
|
40
|
Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ayala CE, Villalpando A, Nguyen AL, McCandless GT, Kartika R. Chlorination of aliphatic primary alcohols via triphosgene-triethylamine activation. Org Lett 2012; 14:3676-9. [PMID: 22780451 DOI: 10.1021/ol301520d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of primary aliphatic alcohols with triphosgene and triethylamine mixtures afforded either alkyl chloride or diethylcarbamate products, and the switch in selectivity appeared to be driven by sterics. The reaction conditions to achieve this highly useful transformation were unexceptionally mild and readily tolerated by a wide range of sensitive functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan E Ayala
- Department of Chemistry, 232 Choppin Hall, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2010. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
43
|
Nilewski C, Carreira EM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Chlorosulfolipids. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
Covering: 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 196. This review covers the literature published in 2010 for marine natural products, with 895 citations (590 for the period January to December 2010) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1003 for 2010), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The Mukaiyama cross-aldol reaction of α-fluoro-, α-chloro-, and α-bromoacetaldehyde-derived (Z)-tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl enol ethers is described, furnishing anti-β-siloxy-α-haloaldehydes. A highly diastereoselective, one-pot, sequential double-aldol process is developed, affording novel β,δ-bissiloxy-α,γ-bishaloaldehydes. Reactions are catalyzed by C(6)F(5)CHTf(2) and C(6)F(5)CTf(2)AlMe(2) (0.5-1.5 mol %) and provide access to halogenated polyketide fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Saadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Matsujiro Akakura
- Department of Chemistry, Aichi University of Education, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nilewski C, Deprez NR, Fessard TC, Li DB, Geisser RW, Carreira EM. Synthese von Undecachlorsulfolipid A: Reevaluierung der nominalen Struktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Nilewski C, Deprez NR, Fessard TC, Li DB, Geisser RW, Carreira EM. Synthesis of undecachlorosulfolipid A: re-evaluation of the nominal structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7940-3. [PMID: 21744447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
48
|
Nicolaou KC, Simmons NL, Ying Y, Heretsch PM, Chen JS. Enantioselective dichlorination of allylic alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8134-7. [PMID: 21542622 DOI: 10.1021/ja202555m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of an enantioselective allylic alcohol dichlorination catalyzed by dimeric cinchona alkaloid derivatives and employing aryl iododichlorides as chlorine sources is reported. Reaction optimization, exploration of the substrate scope, and a model for stereoinduction are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Umezawa T, Shibata M, Kaneko K, Okino T, Matsuda F. Asymmetric total synthesis of danicalipin A and evaluation of biological activity. Org Lett 2011; 13:904-7. [PMID: 21291262 DOI: 10.1021/ol102882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric total synthesis of danicalipin A was achieved. The synthesis was characterized by diastereoselective introduction of chlorine atoms. Biological activities with synthetic danicalipin A, its enantiomer, and racemate were also evaluated toward brine shrimp. Both enantiomers of danicalipin A showed almost the same activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Umezawa
- Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yoshimitsu T, Nakatani R, Kobayashi A, Tanaka T. Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-danicalipin A. Org Lett 2011; 13:908-11. [PMID: 21288044 DOI: 10.1021/ol1029518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convergent asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-danicalipin A is accomplished, in which two chlorinated fragments are stereoselectively joined by 1,3-dipolar coupling, leading to the confirmation of the absolute configuration of the natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|