1
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Zheng B, Ortiz A, Guerrero CA, Luzung MR, Zhu J, Schmidt MA, Eastgate MD. Stereoselective Synthesis of a Tubulysin Core for Antibody–Drug Conjugate Studies. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Adrian Ortiz
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Carlos A. Guerrero
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael R. Luzung
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jason Zhu
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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2
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Li M, Banerjee K, Friestad GK. Diastereocontrol in Radical Addition to β-Benzyloxy Hydrazones: Revised Approach to Tubuvaline and Synthesis of O-Benzyltubulysin V Benzyl Ester. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15139-15152. [PMID: 34636574 PMCID: PMC8576829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition to chiral N-acylhydrazones has generated unusual amino acids tubuphenylalanine (Tup) and tubuvaline (Tuv) that are structural components of the tubulysin family of picomolar antimitotic agents and previously led to a tubulysin tetrapeptide analog with a C-terminal alcohol. To improve efficiency in this synthetic route to tubulysins, and to address difficulties in oxidation of the C-terminal alcohol, here we present two alternative routes to Tuv that (a) improve step economy, (b) provide modified conditions for Mn-mediated radical addition in the presence of aromatic heterocycles, and (c) expose an example of double diastereocontrol in radical addition to a β-benzyloxyhydrazone with broader implications for asymmetric amine synthesis via radical addition. An efficient coupling sequence affords 11-O-benzyltubulysin V benzyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Koushik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gregory K. Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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3
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Nicolaou KC, Pan S, Pulukuri KK, Ye Q, Rigol S, Erande RD, Vourloumis D, Nocek BP, Munneke S, Lyssikatos J, Valdiosera A, Gu C, Lin B, Sarvaiaya H, Trinidad J, Sandoval J, Lee C, Hammond M, Aujay M, Taylor N, Pysz M, Purcell JW, Gavrilyuk J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues, Linker-Drugs, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships, and Tubulysin-Tubulin Binding Derived from X-ray Crystallographic Analysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3377-3421. [PMID: 33544599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tubulysin analogues, linker-drugs, and antibody-drug conjugates are described. Among the new discoveries reported is the identification of new potent analogues within the tubulysin family that carry a C11 alkyl ether substituent, rather than the usual ester structural motif at that position, a fact that endows the former with higher plasma stability than that of the latter. Also described herein are X-ray crystallographic analysis studies of two tubulin-tubulysin complexes formed within the α/β interface between two tubulin heterodimers and two highly potent tubulysin analogues, one of which exhibited a different binding mode to the one previously reported for tubulysin M. The X-ray crystallographic analysis-derived new insights into the binding modes of these tubulysin analogues explain their potencies and provide inspiration for further design, synthesis, and biological investigations within this class of antitumor agents. A number of these analogues were conjugated as payloads with appropriate linkers at different sites allowing their attachment onto targeting antibodies for cancer therapies. A number of such antibody-drug conjugates were constructed and tested, both in vivo and in vitro, leading to the identification of at least one promising ADC (Herceptin-LD3), warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Saiyong Pan
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kiran K Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi 153 10, Greece
| | - Bogusław P Nocek
- AbbVie Inc., Research & Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amanda Valdiosera
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Gu
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Baiwei Lin
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hetal Sarvaiaya
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jose Trinidad
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christina Lee
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Hammond
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicole Taylor
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James W Purcell
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Vušak D, Smrečki N, Muratović S, Žilić D, Prugovečki B, Matković-Čalogović D. Structural diversity in the coordination compounds of cobalt, nickel and copper with N-alkylglycinates: crystallographic and ESR study in the solid state. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23779-23790. [PMID: 35479809 PMCID: PMC9036651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of N-methylglycine (HMeGly), N-ethylglycine-hydrochloride (H2EtGlyCl) and N-propylglycine-hydrochloride (H2PrGlyCl) with cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and copper(ii) ions in aqueous solutions resulted in ten new coordination compounds [Co(MeGly)2(H2O)2] (1), [{Co(MeGly)2}2(μ-OH)2]·2H2O (1d), [Cu(MeGly)2(H2O)2] (2α), [Co(EtGly)2(H2O)2] (3), [Ni(EtGly)2(H2O)2] (4), [Cu(μ-EtGly)2]n (5p), [Co(PrGly)2(H2O)2] (6), [Ni(PrGly)2(H2O)2] (7), and two polymorphs of [Cu(PrGly)2(H2O)2] (8α and 8β). Compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. These studies revealed a wide range of structural types including monomeric, dimeric and polymeric architectures, as well as different polymorphs. In all monomeric compounds, except 2α, and in the coordination polymer 5p hydrogen bonds interconnect the molecules into 2D layers with the alkyl chain pointing outward of the layer. In 2α and in the dimeric compound 1d hydrogen bonds link the molecules into 3D structures. 1d with cobalt(iii), and 4 and 7 with nickel(ii) are ESR silent. The ESR spectra of 1, 3 and 6 are characteristic for paramagnetic high-spin cobalt(ii). The ESR spectra of all copper(ii) coordination compounds show that the unpaired copper electron is located in the dx2−y2 orbital, being in agreement with the elongated octahedral geometry. Interactions in copper, nickel and cobalt complexes with N-methyl-, N-ethyl- and N-propylglycinate: monomers, dimer and polymers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vušak
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Neven Smrečki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Senada Muratović
- Laboratory for Magnetic Resonances
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Dijana Žilić
- Laboratory for Magnetic Resonances
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Biserka Prugovečki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- Zagreb
- Croatia
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5
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Cheng H, Cong Q, Dervin D, Stevens A, Vemuri K, Huber M, Juliano J, Cuison S, Sung J, Passmore D, Chong C, Greenbaum M, Kwok E, Jiang J, Pan C, Rao-Naik C, Rangan V, Kempe T, Tatum A, Deshpande S, Cardarelli P, Vite G, Gangwar S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Carbamate-Containing Tubulysin Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2350-2361. [PMID: 32881482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use antibodies to deliver cytotoxic payloads directly into tumor cells via specifically binding to the target cell surface antigens. ADCs can enhance the anti-tumor effects of antibodies, and increase the delivery of cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells with a better therapeutic index. An ADC was prepared with a potent carbamate-containing tubulysin analogue attached to an anti-mesothelin antibody via a Cit-Val dipeptide linker. An aniline functionality in the tubulysin analogue was created to provide a site of linker attachment via an amide bond that would be stable in systemic circulation. Upon ADC internalization into antigen-positive cancer cells, the Cit-Val dipeptide linker was cleaved by lysosomal proteases, and the drug was released inside the tumor cells. The naturally occurring acetate of tubulysin was modified to a carbamate to reduce acetate hydrolysis of the ADC in circulation and to increase the hydrophilicity of the drug. The ADC bearing the monoclonal anti-mesothelin antibody and the carbamate-containing tubulysin was highly potent and immunologically specific to H226 human lung carcinoma cells in vitro, and efficacious at well-tolerated doses in a mesothelin-positive OVCAR3 ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cheng
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qiang Cong
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Dan Dervin
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Alice Stevens
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Kavitha Vemuri
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Mary Huber
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Jennifer Juliano
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Severino Cuison
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Janette Sung
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - David Passmore
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Colin Chong
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Meghan Greenbaum
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Eilene Kwok
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Jerry Jiang
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chin Pan
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chetana Rao-Naik
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Vangipuram Rangan
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Tom Kempe
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Andrea Tatum
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Shrikant Deshpande
- Protein Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Pina Cardarelli
- Pharmacology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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6
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Long B, Tao C, Li Y, Zeng X, Cao M, Wu Z. Total synthesis of tubulysin U and N 14-desacetoxytubulysin H. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5349-5353. [PMID: 32643750 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient procedure for the total synthesis of tubulysin U and N14-desacetoxytubulysin H has been developed with high stereoselectivity on a gram scale. This synthesis features an elegant cascade one-pot process to install the challenging thiazole moiety and the employment of stereoselective reductions and a series of high-yield mild reactions to ensure the requisite stereochemistry, reaction scale, and yield and to avoid the vexing epimerization occurring during peptide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Central Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China. and Shenzhen Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen, 518035, China and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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7
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Vishwanatha TM, Giepmans B, Goda SK, Dömling A. Tubulysin Synthesis Featuring Stereoselective Catalysis and Highly Convergent Multicomponent Assembly. Org Lett 2020; 22:5396-5400. [PMID: 32584589 PMCID: PMC7372561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A concise and modular total synthesis of the highly potent N14-desacetoxytubulysin H (1) has been accomplished in 18 steps in an overall yield of up to 30%. Our work highlights the complexity-augmenting and route-shortening power of diastereoselective multicomponent reaction (MCR) as well as the role of bulky ligands to perfectly control both the regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of tubuphenylalanine in just two steps. The total synthesis not only provides an operationally simple and step economy but will also stimulate major advances in the development of new tubulysin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Giepmans
- University Medical College Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sayed K. Goda
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug
Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Mindt M, Hannibal S, Heuser M, Risse JM, Sasikumar K, Nampoothiri KM, Wendisch VF. Fermentative Production of N-Alkylated Glycine Derivatives by Recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum Using a Mutant of Imine Reductase DpkA From Pseudomonas putida. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:232. [PMID: 31616665 PMCID: PMC6775277 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcosine, an N-methylated amino acid, shows potential as antipsychotic, and serves as building block for peptide-based drugs, and acts as detergent when acetylated. N-methylated amino acids are mainly produced chemically or by biocatalysis, with either low yields or high costs for co-factor regeneration. Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used for the industrial production of amino acids for decades, has recently been engineered for production of N-methyl-L-alanine and sarcosine. Heterologous expression of dpkA in a C. glutamicum strain engineered for glyoxylate overproduction enabled fermentative production of sarcosine from sugars and monomethylamine. Here, mutation of an amino acyl residue in the substrate binding site of DpkA (DpkAF117L) led to an increased specific activity for reductive alkylamination of glyoxylate using monomethylamine and monoethylamine as substrates. Introduction of DpkAF117L into the production strain accelerated the production of sarcosine and a volumetric productivity of 0.16 g L-1 h-1 could be attained. Using monoethylamine as substrate, we demonstrated N-ethylglycine production with a volumetric productivity of 0.11 g L-1 h-1, which to the best of our knowledge is the first report of its fermentative production. Subsequently, the feasibility of using rice straw hydrolysate as alternative carbon source was tested and production of N-ethylglycine to a titer of 1.6 g L-1 after 60 h of fed-batch bioreactor cultivation could be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mindt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Silvin Hannibal
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maria Heuser
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joe Max Risse
- Fermentation Technology, Technical Faculty and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Keerthi Sasikumar
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
| | - K. Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Trivandrum, India
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. The Role of Organic Synthesis in the Emergence and Development of Antibody–Drug Conjugates as Targeted Cancer Therapies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11206-11241. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
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10
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Die Bedeutung der organischen Synthese bei der Entstehung und Entwicklung von Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugaten als gezielte Krebstherapien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
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11
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Leamon CP, Reddy JA, Bloomfield A, Dorton R, Nelson M, Vetzel M, Kleindl P, Hahn S, Wang K, Vlahov IR. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Specific Antitumor Activity of a Self-Immolative Tubulysin Conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1805-1813. [PMID: 31075200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Leamon
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Joseph A. Reddy
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Alicia Bloomfield
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ryan Dorton
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Melissa Nelson
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Marilynn Vetzel
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Paul Kleindl
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Spencer Hahn
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Kevin Wang
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Iontcho R. Vlahov
- Endocyte, Inc., 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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12
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Wendisch VF. Metabolic engineering advances and prospects for amino acid production. Metab Eng 2019; 58:17-34. [PMID: 30940506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid fermentation is one of the major pillars of industrial biotechnology. The multi-billion USD amino acid market is rising steadily and is diversifying. Metabolic engineering is no longer focused solely on strain development for the bulk amino acids L-glutamate and L-lysine that are produced at the million-ton scale, but targets specialty amino acids. These demands are met by the development and application of new metabolic engineering tools including CRISPR and biosensor technologies as well as production processes by enabling a flexible feedstock concept, co-production and co-cultivation schemes. Metabolic engineering advances are exemplified for specialty proteinogenic amino acids, cyclic amino acids, omega-amino acids, and amino acids functionalized by hydroxylation, halogenation and N-methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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13
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Wang XM, Liu YW, Wang QE, Zhou Z, Si CM, Wei BG. A divergent method to key unit of tubulysin V through one-pot diastereoselective Mannich process of N,O-acetal with ketone. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Mindt M, Walter T, Risse JM, Wendisch VF. Fermentative Production of N-Methylglutamate From Glycerol by Recombinant Pseudomonas putida. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:159. [PMID: 30474025 PMCID: PMC6237917 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methylated amino acids are present in diverse biological molecules in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. There is an increasing interest in this molecular class of alkylated amino acids by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. N-alkylated amino acids have desired functions such as higher proteolytic stability, enhanced membrane permeability and longer peptide half-lives, which are important for the peptide-based drugs, the so-called peptidomimetics. Chemical synthesis of N-methylated amino acids often is limited by incomplete stereoselectivity, over-alkylation or the use of hazardous chemicals. Here, we describe metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for the fermentative production of N-methylglutamate from simple carbon sources and monomethylamine. P. putida KT2440, which is generally recognized as safe and grows with glucose and the alternative feedstock glycerol as sole carbon and energy source, was engineered for the production of N-methylglutamate using heterologous enzymes from Methylobacterium extorquens. About 3.9 g L−1N-methylglutamate accumulated within 48 h in shake flask cultures with minimal medium containing monomethylamine and glycerol. A fed-batch cultivation process yielded a N-methylglutamate titer of 17.9 g L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mindt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tatjana Walter
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joe Max Risse
- Fermentation Technology, Technical Faculty and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Pre-clinical evaluation of EC1456, a folate-tubulysin anti-cancer therapeutic. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8943. [PMID: 29895863 PMCID: PMC5997627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EC1456 is a folate-tubulysin conjugate constructed with an all-D enantiomeric spacer/linker configuration. When tested against folate receptor (FR)-positive cells, EC1456 demonstrated dose-responsive activity with an approximate 1000-fold level of specificity. Treatment of nude mice bearing FR-positive human xenografts (as large as 800 mm3) with non-toxic doses of EC1456 led to cures in 100% of the mice. Combinations of low dose EC1456 with standard of care agents such as platins, taxanes, topotecan and bevacizumab, safely and significantly augmented the growth inhibitory effects of these commonly used agents. When tested against FR-positive human tumor xenograft models having confirmed resistance to a folate-vinca alkaloid (vintafolide), cisplatin or paclitaxel, EC1456 was found to generate partial to curative responses. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that EC1456 has significant anti-proliferative activity against FR-positive tumors, including models which were anticancer drug resistant, thereby justifying a Phase 1 trial of this agent for the treatment of advanced human cancers.
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16
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Lipovšek D, Carvajal I, Allentoff AJ, Barros A, Brailsford J, Cong Q, Cotter P, Gangwar S, Hollander C, Lafont V, Lau WL, Li W, Moreta M, O'Neil S, Pinckney J, Smith MJ, Su J, Terragni C, Wallace MA, Wang L, Wright M, Marsh HN, Bryson JW. Adnectin-drug conjugates for Glypican-3-specific delivery of a cytotoxic payload to tumors. Protein Eng Des Sel 2018; 31:159-171. [PMID: 30247737 PMCID: PMC6158766 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific delivery of cytotoxic agents remains a challenge in cancer therapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) deliver their payloads to tumor cells that overexpress specific tumor-associated antigens-but the multi-day half-life of ADC leads to high exposure even of normal, antigen-free, tissues and thus contributes to dose-limiting toxicity. Here, we present Adnectin-drug conjugates, an alternative platform for tumor-specific delivery of cytotoxic payloads. Due to their small size (10 kDa), renal filtration eliminates Adnectins from the bloodstream within minutes to hours, ensuring low exposure to normal tissues. We used an engineered cysteine to conjugate an Adnectin that binds Glypican-3, a membrane protein overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, to a cytotoxic derivative of tubulysin, with the drug-to-Adnectin ratio of 1. We demonstrate specific, nanomolar binding of this Adnectin-drug conjugate to human and murine Glypican-3; its high thermostability; its localization to target-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, its fast clearance from normal tissues and its efficacy against Glypican-3-positive mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Lipovšek
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Irvith Carvajal
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Anthony Barros
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - John Brailsford
- Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Qiang Cong
- Discovery Chemistry Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Pete Cotter
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Discovery Chemistry Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Cris Hollander
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Virginie Lafont
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Wai Leung Lau
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Wenying Li
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Miguel Moreta
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Steven O'Neil
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jason Pinckney
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Smith
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Julie Su
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Christina Terragni
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Lifei Wang
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Martin Wright
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - H Nicholas Marsh
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - James W Bryson
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
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17
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Stark M, Assaraf YG. Structural recognition of tubulysin B derivatives by multidrug resistance efflux transporters in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28637003 PMCID: PMC5564821 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance to curative chemotherapy of various human malignancies. Hence, novel chemotherapeutics must be evaluated for their recognition by MDR efflux transporters. Herein we explored the cytotoxic activity of synthetic tubulysin B (Tub-B, EC1009) derivatives (Tub-B-hydrazide/EC0347 and Tub-B bis-ether/EC1820), and their recognition by the MDR efflux transporters P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Originally isolated from Myxobacteria, tubulysins exhibited potent cytotoxic activity via microtubule depolymerization, and evaded recognition by these MDR efflux pumps. We show that subtle modifications in the natural Tub-B structure enhance its cytotoxicity and drug efflux efficiency. Whereas increasing the lipophilicity of Tub-B drugs enhanced their diffusion into the cell and consequently decreased the IC50 values (≥ 0.27 nM), increasing drug polarity enhanced their recognition by P-gp (>200-fold resistance in P-gp-overexpressing cells). Furthermore, restricting drug exposure time to the clinically relevant 4 h pulse, markedly enhanced efflux by P-gp, resulting in a 1000-fold increased resistance, which was further enhanced upon increased P-gp levels (i.e. an additional 3-fold increase in P-gp levels resulted in >6,000-fold resistance). The unique ability of EC1009 to evade recognition by MDR efflux pumps warrants drug development of tubulysin B derivatives as potent antitumor agents which overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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18
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Nicolaou KC, Erande RD, Yin J, Vourloumis D, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Munneke S, Gavrilyuk J. Improved Total Synthesis of Tubulysins and Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Tubulysins with Highly Potent Cytotoxicities against Cancer Cells as Potential Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3690-3711. [PMID: 29381062 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improved, streamlined total syntheses of natural tubulysins such as V (Tb45) and U (Tb46) and pretubulysin D (PTb-D43), and their application to the synthesis of designed tubulysin analogues (Tb44, PTb-D42, PTb-D47-PTb-D49, and Tb50-Tb120), are described. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the synthesized compounds against certain cancer cell lines revealed a number of novel analogues with exceptional potencies [e.g., Tb111: IC50 = 40 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line; IC50 = 6 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney cancer) cell line; and IC50 = 1.54 nM against MES SA DX (MES SA with marked multidrug resistance) cell line]. These studies led to a set of valuable structure-activity relationships that provide guidance to further molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies. The extremely potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in these investigations are highly desirable as potential payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules , N.C.S.R "Demokritos" , 153 10 Agia Paraskevi , Athens , Greece
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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19
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Wünsch M, Schröder D, Fröhr T, Teichmann L, Hedwig S, Janson N, Belu C, Simon J, Heidemeyer S, Holtkamp P, Rudlof J, Klemme L, Hinzmann A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Sewald N. Asymmetric synthesis of propargylamines as amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2428-2441. [PMID: 29234470 PMCID: PMC5704752 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The amide moiety of peptides can be replaced for example by a triazole moiety, which is considered to be bioisosteric. Therefore, the carbonyl moiety of an amino acid has to be replaced by an alkyne in order to provide a precursor of such peptidomimetics. As most amino acids have a chiral center at Cα, such amide bond surrogates need a chiral moiety. Here the asymmetric synthesis of a set of 24 N-sulfinyl propargylamines is presented. The condensation of various aldehydes with Ellman's chiral sulfinamide provides chiral N-sulfinylimines, which were reacted with (trimethylsilyl)ethynyllithium to afford diastereomerically pure N-sulfinyl propargylamines. Diverse functional groups present in the propargylic position resemble the side chain present at the Cα of amino acids. Whereas propargylamines with (cyclo)alkyl substituents can be prepared in a direct manner, residues with polar functional groups require suitable protective groups. The presence of particular functional groups in the side chain in some cases leads to remarkable side reactions of the alkyne moiety. Thus, electron-withdrawing substituents in the Cα-position facilitate a base induced rearrangement to α,β-unsaturated imines, while azide-substituted propargylamines form triazoles under surprisingly mild conditions. A panel of propargylamines bearing fluoro or chloro substituents, polar functional groups, or basic and acidic functional groups is accessible for the use as precursors of peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wünsch
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David Schröder
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tanja Fröhr
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lisa Teichmann
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hedwig
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nils Janson
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Clara Belu
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jasmin Simon
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Shari Heidemeyer
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Philipp Holtkamp
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Rudlof
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennard Klemme
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alessa Hinzmann
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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20
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Parker JS, McCormick M, Anderson DW, Maltman BA, Gingipalli L, Toader D. The Development and Scale-Up of an Antibody Drug Conjugate Tubulysin Payload. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Parker
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silk Road
Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Marc McCormick
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silk Road
Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David W. Anderson
- Almac Sciences, 5 The Fleming
Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Midlothian, EH26 0BE, U.K
| | - Beatrice A. Maltman
- Almac Sciences, 5 The Fleming
Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Midlothian, EH26 0BE, U.K
| | - Lakshmaiah Gingipalli
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dorin Toader
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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21
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Toader D, Wang F, Gingipalli L, Vasbinder M, Roth M, Mao S, Block M, Harper J, Thota S, Su M, Ma J, Bedian V, Kamal A. Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationships of Analogues of N 14-Desacetoxytubulysin H. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10781-10787. [PMID: 27809515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report structure-cytotoxicity relationships for analogues of N14-desacetoxytubulyisn H 1. A novel synthetic approach toward 1 enabled the discovery of compounds with a range of activity. Calculated basicity of the N-terminus of tubulysins was shown to be a good predictor of cytotoxicity. The impact of structural modifications at the C-terminus of 1 upon cytotoxicity is also described. These findings will facilitate the development of new tubulysin analogues for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Toader
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States.,Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Fengjiang Wang
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lakshmaiah Gingipalli
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Melissa Vasbinder
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Mark Roth
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Shenlan Mao
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Michael Block
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jay Harper
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Sambaiah Thota
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Mei Su
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jianquo Ma
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Vahe Bedian
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Adeela Kamal
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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22
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Tao W, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Si CM, Sun X, Wei BG. An enantioselective total synthesis of tubulysin V. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Nicolaou KC, Yin J, Mandal D, Erande RD, Klahn P, Jin M, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Gavrilyuk J, Vourloumis D. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Natural and Designed Tubulysins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1698-708. [PMID: 26829208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A streamlined total synthesis of N(14)-desacetoxytubulysin H (Tb1) based on a C-H activation strategy and a short total synthesis of pretubulysin D (PTb-D43) are described. Applications of the developed synthetic strategies and technologies to the synthesis of a series of tubulysin analogues (Tb2-Tb41 and PTb-D42) are also reported. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds against an array of cancer cells revealed a number of novel analogues (e.g., Tb14), some with exceptional potencies against certain cell lines [e.g., Tb32 with IC50 = 12 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line and 2 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney) cell line], and a set of valuable structure-activity relationships. The highly potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in this study are highly desirable as payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Debashis Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael Jin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Agia Paraskevi-Athens GR-15310, Greece
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24
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Synthesis of stereochemically diverse cyclic analogs of tubulysins. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6827-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Murray BC, Peterson MT, Fecik RA. Chemistry and biology of tubulysins: antimitotic tetrapeptides with activity against drug resistant cancers. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:654-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since their first report in 2000, tubulysins have sparked great interest for development as anti-cancer agents due to their exceptionally potent anticancer activity.
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26
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Paladhi S, Das J, Samanta M, Dash J. Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Thiazole-Carbaldehydes: Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tubuvalin Analogues. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Hoffmann J, Kazmaier U. A straightforward approach towards cyclic photoactivatable tubulysin derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11356-60. [PMID: 25196233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new photolabile protecting group containing an additional allyl functionality allows the synthesis of cyclic photoactivatable natural products. Cyclization occurs between the allyl moiety in the protecting group and a second double bond in the target molecule by means of ring-closing metathesis. Cyclization should increase the metabolic stability towards proteases. On the other hand, the conformational change should cause diminished biological activity. As illustrated for tubulysin derivatives, cyclic and photoactivatable drug candidates can easily be obtained in only two steps from simple building blocks through Ugi reaction and ring-closing metathesis. The photolabile protecting group is introduced by means of the isocyanide component during the Ugi reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hoffmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak8/kazmaier
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28
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Hoffmann J, Kazmaier U. Ein einfacher Zugang zu cyclischen photoaktivierbaren Tubulysin-Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Priede M, Kazak M, Kalnins T, Shubin K, Suna E. Diastereoselective Hydroxymethylation of Cyclic N-tert-Butanesulfinylketimines Using Methoxymethanol as Formaldehyde Source. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3715-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500506u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martins Priede
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mihail Kazak
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Toms Kalnins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
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30
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Shankar PS, Bigotti S, Lazzari P, Manca I, Spiga M, Sani M, Zanda M. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of diastereoisomers and N-terminal analogues of tubulysin-U. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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32
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Yang XD, Dong CM, Chen J, Ding YH, Liu Q, Ma XY, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Total Synthesis of Tubulysin U and Its C-4 Epimer. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1213-22. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Shankar SP, Jagodzinska M, Malpezzi L, Lazzari P, Manca I, Greig IR, Sani M, Zanda M. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of novel tubulysin U analogues – effect on cytotoxicity of structural variations in the tubuvaline fragment. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2273-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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35
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Becker D, Kazmaier U. Synthesis of Tubuphenylalanines via Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2012; 78:59-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301693d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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36
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Fache F, Cros F, Piva O, Lefebvre F. Easy Access to 2-Alkyl and 2-Arylthiazolines Using a Modified Heteropolyacid Catalysis: Application to the Synthesis of Bacillamide A. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.552834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched secondary alcohols with a thiazolic core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Burkhart JL, Kazmaier U. A straightforward click-approach towards pretubulysin-analogues. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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39
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Eirich J, Burkhart JL, Ullrich A, Rudolf GC, Vollmar A, Zahler S, Kazmaier U, Sieber SA. Pretubulysin derived probes as novel tools for monitoring the microtubule network via activity-based protein profiling and fluorescence microscopy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2067-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Acid mediated formation of an N-acyliminium ion from tubulysins: A new methodology for the synthesis of natural tubulysins and their analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6778-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Floyd WC, Datta GK, Imamura S, Kieler-Ferguson HM, Jerger K, Patterson AW, Fox ME, Szoka FC, Fréchet JMJ, Ellman JA. Chemotherapeutic evaluation of a synthetic tubulysin analogue-dendrimer conjugate in c26 tumor bearing mice. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:49-53. [PMID: 20973119 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Zander W, Gerth K, Mohr KI, Kessler W, Jansen R, Müller R. Roimatacene: An Antibiotic against Gram‐Negative Bacteria Isolated from
Cystobacter ferrugineus
Cb G35 (Myxobacteria). Chemistry 2011; 17:7875-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Zander
- Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531‐61819499
| | - Klaus Gerth
- Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531‐61819499
| | - Kathrin I. Mohr
- Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531‐61819499
| | - Wolfgang Kessler
- Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531‐61819499
| | - Rolf Jansen
- Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531‐61819499
| | - Rolf Müller
- Mikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531‐61819499
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43
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Pando O, Stark S, Denkert A, Porzel A, Preusentanz R, Wessjohann LA. The multiple multicomponent approach to natural product mimics: tubugis, N-substituted anticancer peptides with picomolar activity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7692-5. [PMID: 21528905 DOI: 10.1021/ja2022027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new generation of highly cytotoxic tubulysin analogues (i.e., tubugis) is described. In the key step, the rare, unstable, and synthetically difficult to introduce tertiary amide-N,O-acetal moiety required for high potency in natural tubulysins is replaced by a dipeptoid element formed in an Ugi four-component reaction. Two of the four components required are themselves produced by other multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Thus, the tubugis represent the first examples of the synthesis of natural-product-inspired compounds using three intertwined isonitrile MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Pando
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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44
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Burkhart JL, Müller R, Kazmaier U. Syntheses and Evaluation of Simplified Pretubulysin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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46
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of tubulysin D analogs related to stereoisomers of tubuvaline. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:431-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Robak MT, Herbage MA, Ellman JA. Synthesis and applications of tert-butanesulfinamide. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3600-740. [PMID: 20420386 DOI: 10.1021/cr900382t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MaryAnn T Robak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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48
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Shibue T, Hirai T, Okamoto I, Morita N, Masu H, Azumaya I, Tamura O. Total syntheses of tubulysins. Chemistry 2010; 16:11678-88. [PMID: 20734394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of tetrapeptides tubulysins D (1 b), U (1 c), and V (1 d), which are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, are described. The synthesis of Tuv (2), an unusual amino acid constituent of tubulysins, includes an 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of chiral nitrone D-6 derived from D-gulose with N-acryloyl camphor sultam (-)-9 employing the double asymmetric induction, whereas the synthesis of Tup (20), another unusual amino acid, involves a stereoselective Evans aldol reaction of (Z)-boron enolate generated from (S)-4-isopropyl-3-propionyl-2-oxazolidinone with N-protected phenylalaninal and a subsequent Barton deoxygenation protocol. We accomplished the total syntheses of tubulysins U (1 c) and V (1 d) by using these methodologies, in which the isoxazolidine ring was used as the effective protective group for γ-amido alcohol functionality. Furthermore, to understand the structure-activity relationship of tubulysins, we synthesized tubulysin D (1 b) and cyclo-tubulysin D (1 e) from 2-Me and 20, and ent-tubulysin D (ent-1 d) from ent-2-Me and ent-20, respectively. The preliminary results regarding their biological activities are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shibue
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 2399-1, Nogi, Nogi-Machi, Shimotsuga-Gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
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49
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Discovery of 23 natural tubulysins from Angiococcus disciformis An d48 and Cystobacter SBCb004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:296-309. [PMID: 20338521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The tubulysins are a family of complex peptides with promising cytotoxic activity against multi-drug-resistant tumors. To date, ten tubulysins have been described from the myxobacterial strains Angiococcus disciformis An d48 and Archangium gephyra Ar 315. We report here a third producing strain, Cystobacter sp. SBCb004. Comparison of the tubulysin biosynthetic gene clusters in SBCb004 and An d48 reveals a conserved architecture, allowing the assignment of cluster boundaries. A SBCb004 strain containing a mutant in the putative cyclodeaminase gene tubZ accumulates pretubulysin A, the proposed first enzyme-free intermediate in the pathway, whose structure we confirm by NMR. We further show, using a combination of feeding studies and structure elucidation by NMR and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, that SBCb004 and An d48 together biosynthesize 22 additional tubulysin derivatives. These data reveal the inherently diversity-oriented nature of the tubulysin biosynthetic pathway.
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50
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Colpaert F, Mangelinckx S, Kimpe ND. Asymmetric Synthesis of New Chiral β-Amino Acid Derivatives by Mannich-type Reactions of Chiral N-Sulfinyl Imidates with N-Tosyl Aldimines. Org Lett 2010; 12:1904-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100073y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Colpaert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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