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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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2
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Ercan E, Lin YC, Yang YF, Lin BH, Shimizu H, Inagaki S, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Tailoring Wavelength-Adaptive Visual Neuroplasticity Transitions of Synaptic Transistors Comprising Rod-Coil Block Copolymers for Dual-Mode Photoswitchable Learning/Forgetting Neural Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46157-46170. [PMID: 37728642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The vision-inspired artificial neural network based on optical synapses has drawn a tremendous amount of attention for emulating biological senses. Although photoexcitation-induced synaptic functionalities have been widely studied, optical habituation via the photoinhibitory pathway is yet to be demonstrated for sophisticated biomimetic visual adaptive systems. Here, the first optical neuromorphic block copolymer (BCP) phototransistor is demonstrated as an all-optical operation responding to various wavelengths, fulfilling photoassisted dynamic learning/forgetting cycles via optical potentiation without gate bias. The polyfluorene BCPs were precisely designed to enable wavelength-adaptive responses, benefiting from interfacial semiconductor/electret morphology and the crystallinity/electron affinity of the BCPs. Notably, this is the first work to simultaneously exhibit fully light-controlled short- and long-term memory based on organic material systems. The device presents a high current contrast above 100-fold and long-term retention over 104 s. As a proof-of-concept for neural networks, a 6 × 6 array of photosynapses performed outstanding visual pattern learning/forgetting with high accuracy. This study exploits the design strategy of a conjugated BCP electret to unleash the full potential of wavelength-adaptive visual neuroplasticity transitions. It provides an effective architecture for designing high-performance and high-storage capacity required applications in next-generation neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Ercan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hiroya Shimizu
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shin Inagaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Zhang B, Pinky SK, Kwansa AL, Ferguson S, Yingling YG, Stiff-Roberts AD. Correlation of Emulsion Chemistry, Film Morphology, and Device Performance in Polyfluorene LEDs Deposited by RIR-MAPLE. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18153-18165. [PMID: 36988336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of polyfluorene (PFO) were deposited using emulsion-based resonant infrared, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). Here, it is shown that properly selected surfactant chemistry in the emulsion can increase crystalline β phase (β-PFO) content and consequently improve the color purity of light emission. To determine the impact of surfactant on the device performance of resulting films, blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with PFO as an active region were fabricated and compared. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explain the physical and chemical changes in the emulsion properties as a function of the surfactant. The results indicate that the experimental film morphology and device performance are highly correlated to the emulsion droplet micelle structure and interaction energy among PFO, primary solvent, and water obtained from MD simulations. While the champion device performance was lower than other reported devices (luminous flux ∼0.0206 lm, brightness ∼725.58 cd/m2, luminous efficacy ∼0.0548 lm/W, and luminous efficiency ∼0.174 cd/A), deep blue emission with good color purity (CIE chromaticity diagram coordinate of (0.177,0.141)) was achieved for low operating voltages around 3 V. Furthermore, a much higher β-phase content of 21% was achieved in annealed films (without the pinholes typically found in β-PFO deposited by other techniques) by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sabila K Pinky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Albert L Kwansa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Spencer Ferguson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Adrienne D Stiff-Roberts
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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4
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Sun L, Wang S, Zheng Y, Chen W, Li M, Yu N, Wang Y, Yang J, Xu Y, Sun N, Liu B, An X, Bai L, Liu H, Lin J, Huang W. Poly(diarylfluorene) Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Submicrometer-Scale Morphological Films Induced by Trace β-Conformation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinghao Yang
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ning Sun
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiang An
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
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5
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Chew KW, Abdul Rahim NA, Teh PL, Abdul Hisam NS, Alias SS. Thermal Degradation of Photoluminescence Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Solvent-Tuned Aggregate Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081615. [PMID: 35458365 PMCID: PMC9029415 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of the green emission spectrum during the decomposition of polyfluorenes (PFs) has impeded the development and commercialization of the materials. Herein, we constructed a solvent-tuned aggregated PFO film with the aim of retarding the material’s thermal degradation behavior which causes a significant decline in optical properties as a result of phase transformation. The tuning of the aggregate amount and distribution was executed by applying a poor alcohol-based solvent in chloroform. It emerges that at a lower boiling point methanol evaporates quickly, limiting the aggregate propagation in the film which gives rise to a more transparent film. Furthermore, because of the modulated β-phase conformation, the absorption spectra of PFO films were red-shifted and broadened. The increase in methanol percentage also led to a rise in β-phase percentage. As for the thermal degradation reactions, both pristine and aggregated PFO films exhibited apparent changes in the UV-Vis spectra and PL spectra. In addition, a 97:3 (chloroform:methanol) aggregated PFO film showed a more defined emission spectrum, which demonstrates that the existence of β-phase is able to suppress the unwanted green emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei Chew
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pei Leng Teh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Nurfatin Syafiqah Abdul Hisam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Siti Salwa Alias
- Advanced Optical Materials Research Group (AOMRG), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
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6
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Sickinger A, Mecking S. Origin of the Anisotropy and Structure of Ellipsoidal Poly(fluorene) Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sickinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
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7
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Pipertzis A, Papamokos G, Sachnik O, Allard S, Scherf U, Floudas G. Ionic Conductivity in Polyfluorene-Based Diblock Copolymers Comprising Nanodomains of a Polymerized Ionic Liquid and a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Doped with LiTFSI. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Pipertzis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Papamokos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Oskar Sachnik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (cm@s), Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sybille Allard
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (cm@s), Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (cm@s), Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI) − Institute of Materials Science and Computing, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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8
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Wang J, Liu Y, Zou D, Ren Z, Lin J, Liu X, Yan S. Controlling the Chain Orientation and Crystal Form of Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Films for Low-Threshold Light-Pumped Lasers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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Li T, Zhang H, Liu B, Ma T, Lin J, Xie L, Lu D. Effect of Solvent on the Solution State of Conjugated Polymer P7DPF Including Single-Chain to Aggregated State Structure Formation, Dynamic Evolution, and Related Mechanisms. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Materials on Deep-Earth Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, China
| | - Tengning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, China
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10
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Role of benzothiadiazole substituents in white electroluminescent single macromolecules of fluorene-based copolymers. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Liu B, Bai Z, Li T, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang H, Lu D. Discovery and structure characteristics of the intermediate-state conformation of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) in the dynamic process of conformation transformation and its effects on carrier mobility. RSC Adv 2019; 10:492-500. [PMID: 35492527 PMCID: PMC9048266 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Good solution processability is a prerequisite for fabricating polymer optoelectronic devices. In this research, a new PFO chain conformation called “intermediate-state conformation” was found through UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and Raman spectroscopy in the transition process of α conformation towards β conformation. The intermediate-state conformation not only remedies the defect of film-forming caused by large aggregation of β-conformation but also gains an equivalent carrier mobility similar to that of β conformation. Simultaneously, it was found that the film with the intermediate-state conformation had a smooth surface morphology compared to the film with β-conformation, which indicates that the intermediate-state conformation has good solution processability; thus, it is more suitable for the fabrication of photoelectric films with high carrier mobility. The results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) measurements showed that there were obvious lattice fringes in the films with the intermediate-state conformation and β conformation; this reveals that the intermediate-state conformation has a more planar conformation with extended conjugation length than the β conformation, which is very beneficial to enhance carrier mobility. The research significantly reveals the dynamic evolution of polymer structures based on conjugated polymer physics. The conclusions enrich the understanding of the structure evolution and dynamic process of conjugated polymers and present broad application prospects for photoelectric and other functional devices due to the good film-forming properties of the intermediate-state conformation. Good solution processability is a prerequisite for fabricating polymer optoelectronic devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
| | - Zeming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
| | - Xiaona Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 China +86 130 8681 2739
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12
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Qin D, Liu Z, Bai H, Song X, Li Z, Sun DD. Fine-tuning selective layer architecture of hydrogel membrane towards high separation performances for engineered osmosis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Verheyen L, Janssens K, Marinelli M, Salatelli E, Koeckelberghs G. Rational Design of Poly(fluorene)-b-poly(thiophene) Block Copolymers to Obtain a Unique Aggregation Behavior. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lize Verheyen
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kwinten Janssens
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Martina Marinelli
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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14
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Liu YD, Zhang Q, Yu XH, Liu JG, Han YC. Increasing the Content of β Phase of Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) by Synergistically Controlling Solution Aggregation and Extending Film-forming Time. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Xue W, Lin JY, Liu B, Shi NE, Yu MN, Wu WD, Zhu WS, Xie LH, Wang LH, Huang W. Exploring side-chain length effect on β-phase of polyfluorene derivatives in electrospinning and their optical behavior. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Hamilton I, Chander N, Cheetham NJ, Suh M, Dyson M, Wang X, Stavrinou PN, Cass M, Bradley DDC, Kim JS. Controlling Molecular Conformation for Highly Efficient and Stable Deep-Blue Copolymer Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11070-11082. [PMID: 29508604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel approach to achieve deep-blue, high-efficiency, and long-lived solution-processed polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) via a simple molecular level conformation change of an emissive conjugated polymer. We introduce rigid β-phase segments into a 95% fluorene-5% arylamine copolymer emissive layer. The arylamine moieties at low density act as efficient exciton formation sites in PLEDs, whereas the conformational change alters the nature of the dominant luminescence from a broad, charge transfer like emission to a significantly blue-shifted and highly vibronically structured excitonic emission. As a consequence, we observe a significant improvement in the Commission International de L'Eclairage ( x, y) coordinates from (0.149, 0.175) to (0.145, 0.123) while maintaining high efficiency and improved stability. We achieve a peak luminous efficiency, η = 3.60 cd/A, and a luminous power efficiency, ηw = 2.44 lm/W, values that represent state-of-the-art performance for single copolymer deep-blue PLEDs. These values are 5-fold better than for otherwise-equivalent, β-phase poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) PLEDs (0.70 cd/A and 0.38 lm/W). This report represents the first demonstration of the use of molecular conformation as a simple but effective method to control the optoelectronic properties of a fluorene copolymer; previous examples have been confined to homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hamilton
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Nathan Chander
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Nathan J Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Minwon Suh
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Matthew Dyson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Xuhua Wang
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Paul N Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PJ , U.K
| | - Michael Cass
- Cambridge Display Technology Ltd , Unit 12 Cardinal Park , Godmanchester, Cambridgeshire PE29 2XG , U.K
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PJ , U.K
- Department of Physics and Division of Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences , University of Oxford , 9 Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PD , U.K
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
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17
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Meazzini I, Behrendt JM, Turner ML, Evans RC. Targeted β-Phase Formation in Poly(fluorene)–Ureasil Grafted Organic–Inorganic Hybrids. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Meazzini
- School
of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan M. Behrendt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- School
of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Ruiz Perez JD, Mecking S. Anisotropic Polymer Nanoparticles with Tunable Emission Wavelengths by Intersegmental Chain Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6147-6151. [PMID: 28403516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Ruiz Perez
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science; Department of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science; Department of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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19
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Ruiz Perez JD, Mecking S. Anisotropic Polymer Nanoparticles with Tunable Emission Wavelengths by Intersegmental Chain Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Ruiz Perez
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science; Department of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science; Department of Chemistry; University of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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20
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Chen Y, You X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu B, Lai W, Huang W. Stable pure-blue emission of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) via suppression of the green emission. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xuemeng You
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenyong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays; Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; Nanjing 210023 China
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21
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Hempe M, Reggelin M. Molecular packing and morphological stability of dihydro-indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes in the context of their substitution pattern. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of a series of dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene (IF) derivatives with various side chain substituents is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hempe
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Reggelin
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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22
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Nondilute 1,2-dichloroethane solution of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl): A study on the aggregation process. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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24
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Liang J, Yu L, Ying L, Liu F, Yang W, Peng J, Cao Y. Improving efficiency and color purity of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) through addition of a high boiling-point solvent of 1-chloronaphthalene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:284001. [PMID: 27250786 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/284001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the β-phase of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) was used as a probe to study the effects of the addition of a high boiling-point solvent of 1-chloronaphthalene on the nanostructures and electroluminescence of PFO films. Both absorption and photoluminescence spectra showed that the content of the β-phase in PFO film was obviously enhanced as a result of the addition of a small amount of 1-chloronaphthalene into the processing solvent of p-xylenes. Apparently rougher morphology associated with the effectively enhanced ordering of polymer chains across the entire film was observed for films processed from p-xylene solutions consisting of a certain amount of 1-chloronaphthalene, as revealed by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements. In addition to the effects on the nanostructures of films, of particular interest is that the performance and color purity of polymer light-emitting devices can be noticeably enhanced upon the addition of 1-chloronaphthalene. These observations highlight the importance of controlling the nanostructures of the emissive layer, and demonstrate that the addition of a low volume ratio of high boiling-point additive can be a promising strategy to attain high-performance polymer light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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25
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Yang H, Qu K, Li H, Cheng H, Zhang J. An In Situ Investigation into the Formation of the Solvent-Induced Crystalline Phase of Poly(9,9-Dioctylfluorene) in Solvent Vapor Annealing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing 100049 China
- Dongguan Institute of Neutron Science; No.1 Zhongziyuan Road Dalang Dongguan 523803 China
| | - Kexin Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Haidong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
- School of Materials and Textile Engineering; Jiaxing University; Jiaxing Zhejiang 314001 China
| | - He Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing 100049 China
- Dongguan Institute of Neutron Science; No.1 Zhongziyuan Road Dalang Dongguan 523803 China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
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26
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Zhao Y, Abdul Rahim NA, Xia Y, Fujiki M, Song B, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu X. Supramolecular Chirality in Achiral Polyfluorene: Chiral Gelation, Memory of Chirality, and Chiral Sensing Property. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhao
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yijun Xia
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Bo Song
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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27
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Li T, Huang L, Bai Z, Li X, Liu B, Lu D. Study on the forming condition and mechanism of the β conformation in poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Perevedentsev A, Stavrinou PN, Bradley DDC, Smith P. Solution-Crystallization and Related Phenomena in 9,9-Dialkyl-Fluorene Polymers. I. Crystalline Polymer-Solvent Compound Formation for Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:1481-1491. [PMID: 26435576 PMCID: PMC4584509 DOI: 10.1002/polb.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-solvent compound formation, occurring via co-crystallization of polymer chains and selected small-molecular species, is demonstrated for the conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) and a range of organic solvents. The resulting crystallization and gelation processes in PFO solutions are studied by differential scanning calorimetry, with X-ray diffraction providing additional information on the resulting microstructure. It is shown that PFO-solvent compounds comprise an ultra-regular molecular-level arrangement of the semiconducting polymer host and small-molecular solvent guest. Crystals form following adoption of the planar-zigzag β-phase chain conformation, which, due to its geometry, creates periodic cavities that accommodate the ordered inclusion of solvent molecules of matching volume. The findings are formalized in terms of nonequilibrium temperature–composition phase diagrams. The potential applications of these compounds and the new functionalities that they might enable are also discussed. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1481–1491
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Perevedentsev
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N Stavrinou
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- Department of Materials, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Perevedentsev A, Stavrinou PN, Smith P, Bradley DDC. Solution-crystallization and related phenomena in 9,9-dialkyl-fluorene polymers. II. Influence of side-chain structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2015; 53:1492-1506. [PMID: 27546983 PMCID: PMC4975719 DOI: 10.1002/polb.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solution-crystallization is studied for two polyfluorene polymers possessing different side-chain structures. Thermal analysis and temperature-dependent optical spectroscopy are used to clarify the nature of the crystallization process, while X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy reveal important differences in the resulting microstructures. It is shown that the planar-zigzag chain conformation termed the β-phase, which is observed for certain linear-side-chain polyfluorenes, is necessary for the formation of so-called polymer-solvent compounds for these polymers. Introduction of alternating fluorene repeat units with branched side-chains prevents formation of the β-phase conformation and results in non-solvated, i.e. melt-crystallization-type, polymer crystals. Unlike non-solvated polymer crystals, for which the chain conformation is stabilized by its incorporation into a crystalline lattice, the β-phase conformation is stabilized by complexation with solvent molecules and, therefore, its formation does not require specific inter-chain interactions. The presented results clarify the fundamental differences between the β-phase and other conformational/crystalline forms of polyfluorenes. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1492-1506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Perevedentsev
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Paul N Stavrinou
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- Department of Materials Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
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30
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Chen CM, Jen TH, Chen SA. Effective End Group Modification of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) with Functional Electron-Deficient Moieties for Performance Improvement in Polymer Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20548-20555. [PMID: 26302457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of end-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene)s (P3HTs) were synthesized by end-capping with electron-deficient moieties (EDMs, oxadiazole (OXD) and triazole (TAZ)) to prevent the negative influence of bromine chain ends in the common uncapped P3HT in polymer solar cell (PSC) applications. On the basis of the electron-withdrawing capability of the planar OXD end groups, P3HT-end-OXD relative to the uncapped P3HT exhibits a raised absorption coefficient, extended exciton lifetime, and increased crystalline order in the blend with PCBM, leading to an effectual improvement in photovoltaic parameters. However, P3HT-end-TAZ has an opposite result even worse than that of the uncapped P3HT, arising from bulky TAZ end groups. As a consequence, P3HT-end-OXD gives a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.24%, which is higher than those of the uncapped P3HT (3.28%) and P3HT-end-TAZ (0.50%). The result demonstrates that the EDM modification is a valuable method to tailor the structural defect of polymer chain ends. However, the efficacy is dependent on the structure of EDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Min Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Hao Jen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Show-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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31
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Torkkeli M, Galbrecht F, Scherf U, Knaapila M. Solid State Structure of Poly(9,9-dinonylfluorene). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Torkkeli
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Galbrecht
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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32
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Liu J, Wang Q, Liu C, Tian H, Geng Y, Yan D. Morphology of melt-crystallized β′ phase crystals of monodisperse poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Liu J, Wang Q, Liu C, Chang H, Tian H, Geng Y, Yan D. Melt-crystallized α phase nanofibril films of monodisperse poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Guillot SL, Mistry KS, Avery AD, Richard J, Dowgiallo AM, Ndione PF, van de Lagemaat J, Reese MO, Blackburn JL. Precision printing and optical modeling of ultrathin SWCNT/C60 heterojunction solar cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6556-6566. [PMID: 25790468 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are promising candidates as the active layer in photovoltaics (PV), particularly for niche applications where high infrared absorbance and/or semi-transparent solar cells are desirable. Most current fabrication strategies for SWCNT PV devices suffer from relatively high surface roughness and lack nanometer-scale deposition precision, both of which may hamper the reproducible production of ultrathin devices. Additionally, detailed optical models of SWCNT PV devices are lacking, due in part to a lack of well-defined optical constants for high-purity s-SWCNT thin films. Here, we present an optical model that accurately reconstructs the shape and magnitude of spectrally resolved external quantum efficiencies for ultrathin (7,5) s-SWCNT/C60 solar cells that are deposited by ultrasonic spraying. The ultrasonic spraying technique enables thickness tuning of the s-SWCNT layer with nanometer-scale precision, and consistently produces devices with low s-SWCNT film average surface roughness (Rq of <5 nm). Our optical model, based entirely on measured optical constants of each layer within the device stack, enables quantitative predictions of thickness-dependent relative photocurrent contributions of SWCNTs and C60 and enables estimates of the exciton diffusion lengths within each layer. These results establish routes towards rational performance improvements and scalable fabrication processes for ultra-thin SWCNT-based solar cells.
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35
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Huang L, Li T, Liu B, Zhang L, Bai Z, Li X, Huang X, Lu D. A transformation process and mechanism between the α-conformation and β-conformation of conjugated polymer PFO in precursor solution. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2627-2638. [PMID: 25687173 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the solvent field and temperature are used to explore the mutual transformation dynamic process and mechanism between the α-conformation and β-conformation in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) precursor solution. The conformational transformation of the PFO chain is researched by UV-vis absorption spectra and the proportions of the β-conformation are quantitatively calculated. The corresponding variation trend of the aggregation structure is researched using a static and dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS) method. It is found that the mutual transformation processes between the α-conformation and β-conformation are reversible in essence. Especially in the transformation processes, the complicated relationship between the β-conformation and the aggregation structure is understood, that is the aggregation structure promotes formation of the β-conformation under solvent field, then the conformational transformation of the β-conformation promotes the dissociation of the aggregation structure under temperature. The above results give an insight into the β-conformation and the aggregation structure of PFO in theory. Furthermore, under the temperature, we find that both two transformation steps have good linear correlations, which indicates that using temperature can be considered as a good method to accurately control the proportion of β-conformation in actual applications, and it will help us to get the desired proportion of the β-conformation in PFO precursor solution so as to make the charge carrier mobility of optoelectronic films increased and device performance better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China.
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36
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Wade A, Lovera P, O'Carroll D, Doyle H, Redmond G. Luminescent optical detection of volatile electron deficient compounds by conjugated polymer nanofibers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4421-8. [PMID: 25803242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optical detection of volatile electron deficient analytes via fluorescence quenching is demonstrated using ca. 200 nm diameter template-synthesized polyfluorene nanofibers as nanoscale detection elements. Observed trends in analyte quenching effectiveness suggest that, in addition to energetic factors, analyte vapor pressure and polymer/analyte solubility play an important role in the emission quenching process. Individual nanofibers successfully act as luminescent reporters of volatile nitroaromatics at sub-parts per million levels. Geometric factors, relating to the nanocylindrical geometry of the fibers and to low nanofiber substrate coverage, providing a less crowded environment around fibers, appear to play a role in providing access by electron deficient quencher molecules to the excited states within the fibers, thereby facilitating the pronounced fluorescence quenching response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Wade
- §School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pierre Lovera
- †Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Carroll
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hugh Doyle
- †Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gareth Redmond
- §School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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37
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de Francisco R, Hoyos M, García N, Tiemblo P. Superhydrophobic and highly luminescent polyfluorene/silica hybrid coatings deposited onto glass and cellulose-based substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3718-3726. [PMID: 25747277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neat poly(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene) (PFO) and composites of PFO and a modified organonanosilica P(7) at weight ratios 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50 have been employed to prepare fluorescent and superhydrophobic coatings by spraying onto three different substrates: glass, Whatman paper, and a filtration membrane of mixed cellulose esters. The water repellency of the coatings and their photophysical properties are therein studied. It is found that, irrespective of the substrate and the composite composition, all coatings remain fluorescent. In some of the coatings prepared, confined morphologies are created, which fluoresce with a wavelength distribution resembling that of an ordered planar β-phase. Among the coatings prepared in this work, those with a ratio PFO/P(7) of 50/50 are the ones with the strongest chain confinement and the highest surface roughness, being highly emissive at the β-phase wavelengths and also superhydrophobic. Depending on the substrate these materials are also tough and flexible (cellulose based substrates) or display a remarkable light transmittance (glass). A final merit of these multifunctional materials is the simplicity of the preparation procedure, adequate for large surfaces and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Francisco
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Hoyos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Tiemblo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Liu B, Lin J, Lei Z, Sun M, Xie L, Xue W, Yin C, Zhang X, Huang W. Solvent and Steric Hindrance Effects of Bulky Poly(9,9-diarylfluorene)s on Conformation, Gelation, Morphology, and Electroluminescence. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Lei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Mingli Sun
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Chengrong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD); Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
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39
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Xu L, Zhang J, Peng J, Qiu F. Formation of nanofibers in Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) toluene solutions during aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Macromolecular Science; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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40
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Cartwright L, Taylor LJ, Yi H, Iraqi A, Zhang Y, Scarratt NW, Wang T, Lidzey DG. Triisopropylsilylacetylene-functionalised anthracene-alt-benzothiadiazole copolymers for application in bulk heterojunction solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20927g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triisopropylsilylacetylene-functionalised anthracene-based donor–acceptor polymers are presented along with their optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hunan Yi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Sheffield
- UK
| | | | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
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41
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Cano M, Arredondo B, Romero B, Otón E, Otón JM. Bis(pyridylpyrazolate)platinum(ii): a mechanochromic complex useful as a dopant for colour-tunable polymer OLEDs. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel metallomesogenic Pt(ii) dopant on the PFO-matrix allows induction of colour changes from bluish-green to orange-red with just 5% complex concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - José A. Campo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Belén Arredondo
- Área Tecnología Electrónica
- ESCET
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Área Tecnología Electrónica
- ESCET
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Eva Otón
- CEMDATIC
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Otón
- CEMDATIC
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
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42
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Cartwright L, Iraqi A, Zhang Y, Wang T, Lidzey DG. Impact of fluorine substitution upon the photovoltaic properties of benzothiadiazole-fluorene alternate copolymers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of replacing hydrogen with fluorine in efficient moderate-band gap alternating benzothiadiazole-fluorene copolymers is studied. The optical, electrochemical, thermal and photovoltaic properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Cartwright
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
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43
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Deng Y, Yuan W, Jia Z, Liu G. H- and J-aggregation of fluorene-based chromophores. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14536-45. [PMID: 25402824 DOI: 10.1021/jp510520m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of H- and J-aggregation behaviors in fluorene-based polymers is significant both for determining the origin of various red-shifted emissions occurring in blue-emitting polyfluorenes and for developing polyfluorene-based device performance. In this contribution, we demonstrate a new theory of the H- and J-aggregation of polyfluorenes and oligofluorenes, and understand the influence of chromosphere aggregation on their photoluminescent properties. H- and J-aggregates are induced by a continuous increasing concentration of the oligofluorene or polyfluorene solution. A relaxed molecular configuration is simulated to illustrate the spatial arrangement of the bonding of fluorenes. It is indicated that the relaxed state adopts a 21 helical backbone conformation with a torsion angle of 18° between two connected repeat units. This configuration makes the formation of H- and J-aggregates through the strong π-π interaction between the backbone rings. A critical aggregation concentration is observed to form H- and J-aggregates for both polyfluorenes and oligofluorenes. These aggregates show large spectral shifts and distinct shape changes in photoluminescent excitation (PLE) and emission (PL) spectroscopy. Compared with "isolated" chromophores, H-aggregates induce absorption spectral blue-shift and fluorescence spectral red-shift but largely reduce fluorescence efficiency. "Isolated" chromophores not only refer to "isolated molecules" but also include those associated molecules if their conjugated backbones are not compact enough to exhibit perturbed absorption and emission. J-aggregates induce absorption spectral red-shift and fluorescence spectral red-shift but largely enhance fluorescence efficiency. The PLE and PL spectra also show that J-aggregates dominate in concentrated solutions. Different from the excimers, the H- and J-aggregate formation changes the ground-state absorption of fluorene-based chromophores. H- and J-aggregates show changeable absorption and emission derived from various interchain interactions, unlike the β phase, which has relatively fixed absorption and emission derived from an intrachain interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Deng
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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44
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Iacopino D, Lovera P, O’Riordan A, Redmond G. Highly Polarized Luminescence from β-Phase-Rich Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Nanofibers. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5437-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505689y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iacopino
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pierre Lovera
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan O’Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gareth Redmond
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Lin YH, Yager KG, Stewart B, Verduzco R. Lamellar and liquid crystal ordering in solvent-annealed all-conjugated block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3817-3825. [PMID: 24718905 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-conjugated block copolymers are an emerging class of polymeric materials promising for organic electronic applications, but further progress requires a better understanding of their microstructure including crystallinity and self-assembly through micro-phase segregation. Here, we demonstrate remarkable changes in the thin film structure of a model series of all-conjugated block copolymers with varying processing conditions. Under thermal annealing, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(9',9'-dioctylfluorene) (P3HT-b-PF) all-conjugated block copolymers exhibit crystalline features of P3HT or PF, depending on the block ratio, and poor π-π stacking. Under chloroform solvent annealing, the block copolymers exhibit lamellar ordering, as evidenced by multiple reflections in grazing incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS and GISAXS), including an in-plane reflection indicative of order along the π-π stacking direction for both P3HT and PF blocks. The lamellae have a characteristic domain size of 4.2 nm, and this domain size is found to be independent of block copolymer molecular weight and block ratio. This suggests that lamellar self-assembly arises due to a combination of polymer block segregation and π-π stacking of both P3HT and PF polymer blocks. Strategies for predicting the microstructure of all-conjugated block copolymers must take into account intermolecular π-π stacking and liquid crystalline interactions not typically found in flexible coil block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, MS-362, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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46
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Biniek L, Pouget S, Djurado D, Gonthier E, Tremel K, Kayunkid N, Zaborova E, Crespo-Monteiro N, Boyron O, Leclerc N, Ludwigs S, Brinkmann M. High-Temperature Rubbing: A Versatile Method to Align π-Conjugated Polymers without Alignment Substrate. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500762x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Biniek
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- UMR
SPrAM 5819 (CEA-CNRS-UJF) and SP2M, CEA Grenoble/INAC, 38054, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - David Djurado
- UMR
SPrAM 5819 (CEA-CNRS-UJF) and SP2M, CEA Grenoble/INAC, 38054, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Eric Gonthier
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kim Tremel
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Navaphun Kayunkid
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elena Zaborova
- ICPEES,
ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Crespo-Monteiro
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2),
CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Université de Lyon 1, Bat 308F,
43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- ICPEES,
ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
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47
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Rosencrantz RR, Rahimi K, Kuehne AJC. Morphology Control in Poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluorene) Spherulite Particles Prepared via Dispersion Polymerization. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6324-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- DWI—Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI—Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI—Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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48
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Lin JY, Zhu WS, Liu F, Xie LH, Zhang L, Xia R, Xing GC, Huang W. A Rational Molecular Design of β-Phase Polydiarylfluorenes: Synthesis, Morphology, and Organic Lasers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402585n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Lin
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Sai Zhu
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Chuan Xing
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing-Tech. University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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49
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Huang L, Zhang L, Huang X, Li T, Liu B, Lu D. Study of the α-Conformation of the Conjugated Polymer Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) in Dilute Solution. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:791-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406598x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699
Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, China
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50
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Chen PY, Rassamesard A, Hung MC, Chen HL, Chen SA. Cβ conformer formation in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) single chains facilitated by endcapping with an electron deficient moiety. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46725b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using single molecule spectroscopy, we reveal that endcapping poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) with an electron deficient moiety (EDM) can promote the population of Cβ conformers at the intra-chain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Areefen Rassamesard
- Division of Physics
- Department of Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Prince of Songkla University
- Pattani Campus
| | - Ming-Chin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Show-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| |
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