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Nguyen HH, Song Y, Maret EL, Silori Y, Willow R, Yocum CF, Ogilvie JP. Charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center resolved by multispectral two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7190. [PMID: 37134172 PMCID: PMC10156117 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem II reaction center (PSII RC) performs the primary energy conversion steps of oxygenic photosynthesis. While the PSII RC has been studied extensively, the similar time scales of energy transfer and charge separation and the severely overlapping pigment transitions in the Qy region have led to multiple models of its charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Here, we combine two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a continuum probe and two-dimensional electronic vibrational spectroscopy (2DEV) to study the cyt b559-D1D2 PSII RC at 77 K. This multispectral combination correlates the overlapping Qy excitons with distinct anion and pigment-specific Qx and mid-infrared transitions to resolve the charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Through extensive simultaneous analysis of the multispectral 2D data, we find that charge separation proceeds on multiple time scales from a delocalized excited state via a single pathway in which PheoD1 is the primary electron acceptor, while ChlD1 and PD1 act in concert as the primary electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang H Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Elizabeth L Maret
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yogita Silori
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rhiannon Willow
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles F Yocum
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Sarngadharan P, Maity S, Kleinekathöfer U. Spectral densities and absorption spectra of the core antenna complex CP43 from photosystem II. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:215101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides absorbing light, the core antenna complex CP43 of photosystem II is of great importance in transferring excitation energy from the antenna complexes to the reaction center. Excitation energies, spectral densities, and linear absorption spectra of the complex have been evaluated by a multiscale approach. In this scheme, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics simulations are performed employing the parameterized density functional tight binding (DFTB) while the time-dependent long-range-corrected DFTB scheme is applied for the excited state calculations. The obtained average spectral density of the CP43 complex shows a very good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, the excitonic Hamiltonian of the system along with the computed site-dependent spectral densities was used to determine the linear absorption. While a Redfield-like approximation has severe shortcomings in dealing with the CP43 complex due to quasi-degenerate states, the non-Markovian full second-order cumulant expansion formalism is able to overcome the drawbacks. Linear absorption spectra were obtained, which show a good agreement with the experimental counterparts at different temperatures. This study once more emphasizes that by combining diverse techniques from the areas of molecular dynamics simulations, quantum chemistry, and open quantum systems, it is possible to obtain first-principle results for photosynthetic complexes, which are in accord with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sarngadharan
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sayan Maity
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Caffarri S, Tan HS. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Q x to Q y relaxation of chlorophylls a in photosystem II core complex. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:145102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we measured the Qx to Qy transfer dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) manifold in the photosystem II (PSII) monomeric core complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A PSII monomeric core consists of 35 Chls a and no Chl b, thus allowing for a clear window to study Chl a Qx dynamics in a large pigment-protein complex. Initial excitation in the Qx band results in a transfer to the Qy band in less than 60 fs. Upon the ultrafast transfer, regardless of the excitation frequency within the Qx band, the quasi-transient absorption spectra are very similar. This observation indicates that Chl a’s Qx to Qy transfer is not frequency selective. Using a simple model, we determined that this is not due to the lifetime broadening of the ultrafast transfer but predominantly due to a lack of correlation between the PSII core complex’s Chl a Qx and Qy bands. We suggest the origin to be the intrinsic loss of correlation during the Qx to Qy internal conversion as observed in previous studies of molecular Chl a dissolved in solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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Hsieh ST, Zhang L, Ye DW, Huang X, Cheng YC. A theoretical study on the dynamics of light harvesting in the dimeric photosystem II core complex: regulation and robustness of energy transfer pathways. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:94-115. [PMID: 31016302 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we present our theoretical investigations into the light reaction in the dimeric photosystem II (PSII) core complex. An effective model for excitation energy transfer (EET) and primary charge separation (CS) in the PSII core complex was developed, with model parameters constructed based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data. Compared to experimental results, we demonstrated that this model faithfully reproduces the absorption spectra of the RC and core light-harvesting complexes (CP43 and CP47) as well as the full EET dynamics among the chromophores in the PSII core complex. We then applied master equation simulations and network analysis to investigate detailed EET plus CS dynamics in the system, allowing us to identify key EET pathways and produce a coarse-grained cluster model for the light reaction in the dimeric PSII core complex. We show that non-equilibrium energy transfer channels play important roles in the efficient light harvesting process and that multiple EET pathways exist between subunits of PSII to ensure the robustness of light harvesting in the system. Furthermore, we revealed that inter-monomer energy transfer dominated by the coupling between the two CLA625 molecules enables efficient energy exchange between two CP47s in the dimeric PSII core complex, which leads to significant energy pooling in the CP47 domain during the light reaction. Our study provides a blueprint for the design of light harvesting in the PSII core and show that a structure-based approach using molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry calculations can be effectively utilized to elucidate the dynamics of light harvesting in complex photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian CN 350002, China
| | - De-Wei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advance Study and School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Quantum - coherent dynamics in photosynthetic charge separation revealed by wavelet analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2890. [PMID: 28588203 PMCID: PMC5460264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental/theoretical evidence for sustained vibration-assisted electronic (vibronic) coherence in the Photosystem II Reaction Center (PSII RC) indicates that photosynthetic solar-energy conversion might be optimized through the interplay of electronic and vibrational quantum dynamics. This evidence has been obtained by investigating the primary charge separation process in the PSII RC by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and Redfield modeling of the experimental data. However, while conventional Fourier transform analysis of the 2DES data allows oscillatory signatures of vibronic coherence to be identified in the frequency domain in the form of static 2D frequency maps, the real-time evolution of the coherences is lost. Here we apply for the first time wavelet analysis to the PSII RC 2DES data to obtain time-resolved 2D frequency maps. These maps allow us to demonstrate that (i) coherence between the excitons initiating the two different charge separation pathways is active for more than 500 fs, and (ii) coherence between exciton and charge-transfer states, the reactant and product of the charge separation reaction, respectively; is active for at least 1 ps. These findings imply that the PSII RC employs coherence (i) to sample competing electron transfer pathways, and ii) to perform directed, ultrafast and efficient electron transfer.
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Mamedov M, Nadtochenko V, Semenov A. Primary electron transfer processes in photosynthetic reaction centers from oxygenic organisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:51-63. [PMID: 25648636 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This minireview is written in honor of Vladimir A. Shuvalov, a pioneer in the area of primary photochemistry of both oxygenic and anoxygenic photosyntheses (See a News Report: Allakhverdiev et al. 2014). In the present paper, we describe the current state of the formation of the primary and secondary ion-radical pairs within photosystems (PS) II and I in oxygenic organisms. Spectral-kinetic studies of primary events in PS II and PS I, upon excitation by ~20 fs laser pulses, are now available and reviewed here; for PS II, excitation was centered at 710 nm, and for PS I, it was at 720 nm. In PS I, conditions were chosen to maximally increase the relative contribution of the direct excitation of the reaction center (RC) in order to separate the kinetics of the primary steps of charge separation in the RC from that of the excitation energy transfer in the antenna. Our results suggest that the sequence of the primary electron transfer reactions is P680 → ChlD1 → PheD1 → QA (PS II) and P700 → A 0A/A 0B → A 1A/A 1B (PS I). However, alternate routes of charge separation in PS II, under different excitation conditions, are not ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia,
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Lewis KLM, Fuller FD, Myers JA, Yocum CF, Mukamel S, Abramavicius D, Ogilvie JP. Simulations of the two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the photosystem II reaction center. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:34-41. [PMID: 23210463 DOI: 10.1021/jp3081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report simulations of the two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Q(y) band of the D1-D2-Cyt b559 photosystem II reaction center at 77 K. We base the simulations on an existing Hamiltonian that was derived by simultaneous fitting to a wide range of linear spectroscopic measurements and described within modified Redfield theory. The model obtains reasonable agreement with most aspects of the two-dimensional spectra, including the overall peak shapes and excited state absorption features. It does not reproduce the rapid equilibration from high energy to low energy excitonic states evident by a strong cross-peak below the diagonal. We explore modifications to the model to incorporate new structural data and improve agreement with the two-dimensional spectra. We find that strengthening the system-bath coupling and lowering the degree of disorder significantly improves agreement with the cross-peak feature, while lessening agreement with the relative diagonal/antidiagonal width of the 2D spectra. We conclude that two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy provides a sensitive test of excitonic models of the photosystem II reaction center and discuss avenues for further refinement of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L M Lewis
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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Acharya K, Neupane B, Zazubovich V, Sayre RT, Picorel R, Seibert M, Jankowiak R. Site energies of active and inactive pheophytins in the reaction center of Photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3890-9. [PMID: 22397491 DOI: 10.1021/jp3007624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the primary electron acceptor in various Photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) preparations is pheophytin a (Pheo a) within the D1 protein (Pheo(D1)), while Pheo(D2) (within the D2 protein) is photochemically inactive. The Pheo site energies, however, have remained elusive, due to inherent spectral congestion. While most researchers over the past two decades placed the Q(y)-states of Pheo(D1) and Pheo(D2) bands near 678-684 and 668-672 nm, respectively, recent modeling [Raszewski et al. Biophys. J. 2005, 88, 986 - 998; Cox et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 12364 - 12374] of the electronic structure of the PSII RC reversed the assignment of the active and inactive Pheos, suggesting that the mean site energy of Pheo(D1) is near 672 nm, whereas Pheo(D2) (~677.5 nm) and Chl(D1) (~680 nm) have the lowest energies (i.e., the Pheo(D2)-dominated exciton is the lowest excited state). In contrast, chemical pigment exchange experiments on isolated RCs suggested that both pheophytins have their Q(y) absorption maxima at 676-680 nm [Germano et al. Biochemistry 2001, 40, 11472 - 11482; Germano et al. Biophys. J. 2004, 86, 1664 - 1672]. To provide more insight into the site energies of both Pheo(D1) and Pheo(D2) (including the corresponding Q(x) transitions, which are often claimed to be degenerate at 543 nm) and to attest that the above two assignments are most likely incorrect, we studied a large number of isolated RC preparations from spinach and wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (at different levels of intactness) as well as the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant (D2-L209H), in which the active branch Pheo(D1) is genetically replaced with chlorophyll a (Chl a). We show that the Q(x)-/Q(y)-region site energies of Pheo(D1) and Pheo(D2) are ~545/680 nm and ~541.5/670 nm, respectively, in good agreement with our previous assignment [Jankowiak et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8803 - 8814]. The latter values should be used to model excitonic structure and excitation energy transfer dynamics of the PSII RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Herascu N, Ahmouda S, Picorel R, Seibert M, Jankowiak R, Zazubovich V. Effects of the Distributions of Energy or Charge Transfer Rates on Spectral Hole Burning in Pigment–Protein Complexes at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:15098-109. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Herascu
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Somaya Ahmouda
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Estacion Experimental Aula Dei (CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Michael Seibert
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Valter Zazubovich
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
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Herascu N, Najafi M, Amunts A, Pieper J, Irrgang KD, Picorel R, Seibert M, Zazubovich V. Parameters of the protein energy landscapes of several light-harvesting complexes probed via spectral hole growth kinetics measurements. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2737-47. [PMID: 21391534 DOI: 10.1021/jp108775y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The parameters of barrier distributions on the protein energy landscape in the excited electronic state of the pigment/protein system have been determined by means of spectral hole burning for the lowest-energy pigments of CP43 core antenna complex and CP29 minor antenna complex of spinach Photosystem II (PS II) as well as of trimeric and monomeric LHCII complexes transiently associated with the pea Photosystem I (PS I) pool. All of these complexes exhibit sixty to several hundred times lower spectral hole burning yields as compared with molecular glassy solids previously probed by means of the hole growth kinetics measurements. Therefore, the entities (groups of atoms), which participate in conformational changes in protein, appear to be significantly larger and heavier than those in molecular glasses. No evidence of a small (∼1 cm(-1)) spectral shift tier of the spectral diffusion dynamics has been observed. Therefore, our data most likely reflect the true barrier distributions of the intact protein and not those related to the interface or surrounding host. Possible applications of the barrier distributions as well as the assignments of low-energy states of CP29 and LHCII are discussed in light of the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Herascu
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Romero E, van Stokkum IHM, Novoderezhkin VI, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R. Two Different Charge Separation Pathways in Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4300-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1003926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Romero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir I. Novoderezhkin
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan P. Dekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Purchase R, Völker S. Spectral hole burning: examples from photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:245-66. [PMID: 19714478 PMCID: PMC2744831 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The optical spectra of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes usually show broad absorption bands, often consisting of a number of overlapping, "hidden" bands belonging to different species. Spectral hole burning is an ideal technique to unravel the optical and dynamic properties of such hidden species. Here, the principles of spectral hole burning (HB) and the experimental set-up used in its continuous wave (CW) and time-resolved versions are described. Examples from photosynthesis studied with hole burning, obtained in our laboratory, are then presented. These examples have been classified into three groups according to the parameters that were measured: (1) hole widths as a function of temperature, (2) hole widths as a function of delay time and (3) hole depths as a function of wavelength. Two examples from light-harvesting (LH) 2 complexes of purple bacteria are given within the first group: (a) the determination of energy-transfer times from the chromophores in the B800 ring to the B850 ring, and (b) optical dephasing in the B850 absorption band. One example from photosystem II (PSII) sub-core complexes of higher plants is given within the second group: it shows that the size of the complex determines the amount of spectral diffusion measured. Within the third group, two examples from (green) plants and purple bacteria have been chosen for: (a) the identification of "traps" for energy transfer in PSII sub-core complexes of green plants, and (b) the uncovering of the lowest k = 0 exciton-state distribution within the B850 band of LH2 complexes of purple bacteria. The results prove the potential of spectral hole burning measurements for getting quantitative insight into dynamic processes in photosynthetic systems at low temperature, in particular, when individual bands are hidden within broad absorption bands. Because of its high-resolution wavelength selectivity, HB is a technique that is complementary to ultrafast pump-probe methods. In this review, we have provided an extensive bibliography for the benefit of scientists who plan to make use of this valuable technique in their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Purchase
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Völker
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Krausz E, Cox N, Arsköld SP. Spectral characteristics of PS II reaction centres: as isolated preparations and when integral to PS II core complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:207-17. [PMID: 18663598 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that the native PS II enzyme undergoes charge separation via an absorption extending to 730 nm has led us to re-examine the low-temperature absorption spectra of Nanba-Satoh PS II reaction centre preparations with particular focus on the long wavelength region. It is shown that these preparations do not exhibit absorption in the 700-730 nm region at 1.7 K. Absorption in the Nanba-Satoh type preparations analogous to the 'red tail' as observed in functional PS II core complexes is likely shifted to higher energy by >20 nm. Spectral changes associated with the stable reduction of pheo(a) in chemically treated reaction centre preparations are also revisited. Dithionite treatment of PS II preparations in the dark leads to changes of pigment-pigment and/or pigment-protein interactions, as evidenced by changes in absorption and CD spectra. Absorption and CD changes associated with stable Pheo(D1) photo-reduction in PS II core complexes and Nanba-Satoh preparations are compared. For Nanba-Satoh preparations, Q(y) bleaches are approximately 3x broader than in PS II core complexes and are blue-shifted by approximately 4 nm. These data are discussed in terms of current models of PS II, and suggest a need to consider protein-induced changes of some electronic properties of reaction centre pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmars Krausz
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Primary charge separation in the photosystem II core from Synechocystis: a comparison of femtosecond visible/midinfrared pump-probe spectra of wild-type and two P680 mutants. Biophys J 2008; 94:4783-95. [PMID: 18326665 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now quite well accepted that charge separation in PS2 reaction centers starts predominantly from the accessory chlorophyll B(A) and not from the special pair P(680). To identify spectral signatures of B(A,) and to further clarify the process of primary charge separation, we compared the femtosecond-infrared pump-probe spectra of the wild-type (WT) PS2 core complex from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with those of two mutants in which the histidine residue axially coordinated to P(B) (D2-His(197)) has been changed to Ala or Gln. By analogy with the structure of purple bacterial reaction centers, the mutated histidine is proposed to be indirectly H-bonded to the C(9)=O carbonyl of the putative primary donor B(A) through a water molecule. The constructed mutations are thus expected to perturb the vibrational properties of B(A) by modifying the hydrogen bond strength, possibly by displacing the H-bonded water molecule, and to modify the electronic properties and the charge localization of the oxidized donor P(680)(+). Analysis of steady-state light-induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectra of the WT and the D2-His(197)Ala mutant indeed shows that a modification of the axially coordinating ligand to P(B) induces a charge redistribution of P(680)(+). In addition, a comparison of the time-resolved visible/midinfrared spectra of the WT and mutants has allowed us to investigate the changes in the kinetics of primary charge separation induced by the mutations and to propose a band assignment identifying the characteristic vibrations of B(A).
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Novoderezhkin VI, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R. Mixing of exciton and charge-transfer states in Photosystem II reaction centers: modeling of Stark spectra with modified Redfield theory. Biophys J 2007; 93:1293-311. [PMID: 17526589 PMCID: PMC1929038 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.096867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an exciton model for the Photosystem II reaction center (RC) based on a quantitative simultaneous fit of the absorption, linear dichroism, circular dichroism, steady-state fluorescence, triplet-minus-singlet, and Stark spectra together with the spectra of pheophytin-modified RCs, and so-called RC5 complexes that lack one of the peripheral chlorophylls. In this model, the excited state manifold includes a primary charge-transfer (CT) state that is supposed to be strongly mixed with the pure exciton states. We generalize the exciton theory of Stark spectra by 1), taking into account the coupling to a CT state (whose static dipole cannot be treated as a small parameter in contrast to usual excited states); and 2), expressing the line shape functions in terms of the modified Redfield approach (the same as used for modeling of the linear responses). This allows a consistent modeling of the whole set of experimental data using a unified physical picture. We show that the fluorescence and Stark spectra are extremely sensitive to the assignment of the primary CT state, its energy, and coupling to the excited states. The best fit of the data is obtained supposing that the initial charge separation occurs within the special-pair PD1PD2. Additionally, the scheme with primary electron transfer from the accessory chlorophyll to pheophytin gave a reasonable quantitative fit. We show that the effectiveness of these two pathways is strongly dependent on the realization of the energetic disorder. Supposing a mixed scheme of primary charge separation with a disorder-controlled competition of the two channels, we can explain the coexistence of fast sub-ps and slow ps components of the Phe-anion formation as revealed by different ultrafast spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Novoderezhkin
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Hughes JL, Picorel R, Seibert M, Krausz E. Photophysical Behavior and Assignment of the Low-Energy Chlorophyll States in the CP43 Proximal Antenna Protein of Higher Plant Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2006; 45:12345-57. [PMID: 17014087 DOI: 10.1021/bi0614683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have employed absorption, circular dichroism (CD), and persistent spectral hole-burning measurements at 1.7 K to study the photoconversion properties and exciton coupling of low-energy chlorophylls (Chls) in the CP43 proximal antenna light-harvesting subunit of photosystem II (PSII) isolated from spinach. These approximately 683 nm states act as traps for excitation energy in isolated CP43. They "bleach" at 683 nm upon illumination and photoconvert to a form absorbing in the range approximately 660-680 nm. We present new data that show the changes in the CD spectrum due to the photoconversion process. These changes occur in parallel with those in absorption, providing evidence that the feature undergoing the apparent bleach is a component of a weakly exciton-coupled system. From our photoconversion difference spectra, we assign four states in the Chl long-wavelength region of CP43, two of which are the known trap states and are both highly localized on single Chls. The other two states are associated with weak exciton coupling (maximally approximately 50 cm(-)(1)) to one of these traps. We propose a mechanism for photoconversion that involves Chl-protein hydrogen bonding. New hole-burning data are presented that indicate this mechanism is distinct to that for narrow-band spectral hole burning in CP43. We discuss the photophysical behavior of the Chl trap states in isolated CP43 compared to their behavior in intact PSII preparations. The latter represent a more intact, physiological complex, and we find no clear evidence that they exhibit the photoconversion process reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Hughes
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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17
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18
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Novoderezhkin VI, Andrizhiyevskaya EG, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R. Pathways and timescales of primary charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center as revealed by a simultaneous fit of time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption. Biophys J 2005; 89:1464-81. [PMID: 15980183 PMCID: PMC1366653 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.060020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We model the dynamics of energy transfer and primary charge separation in isolated photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers. Different exciton models with specific site energies of the six core pigments and two peripheral chlorophylls (Chls) in combination with different charge transfer schemes have been compared using a simultaneous fit of the absorption, linear dichroism, circular dichroism, steady-state fluorescence, transient absorption upon different excitation wavelengths, and time-resolved fluorescence. To obtain a quantitative fit of the data we use the modified Redfield theory, with the experimental spectral density including coupling to low-frequency phonons and 48 high-frequency vibrations. The best fit has been obtained with a model implying that the final charge separation occurs via an intermediate state with charge separation within the special pair (RP(1)). This state is weakly dipole-allowed, due to mixing with the exciton states, and can be populated directly or via 100-fs energy transfer from the core-pigments. The RP(1) and next two radical pairs with the electron transfer to the accessory Chl (RP(2)) and to the pheophytin (RP(3)) are characterized by increased electron-phonon coupling and energetic disorder. In the RP(3) state, the hole is delocalized within the special pair, with a predominant localization at the inactive-branch Chl. The intrinsic time constants of electron transfer between the three radical pairs vary from subpicoseconds to several picoseconds (depending on the realization of the disorder). The equilibration between RP(1) and RP(2) is reached within 5 ps at room temperature. During the 5-100-ps period the equilibrated core pigments and radical pairs RP(1) and RP(2) are slowly populated from peripheral chlorophylls and depopulated due to the formation of the third radical pair, RP(3). The effective time constant of the RP(3) formation is 7.5 ps. The calculated dynamics of the pheophytin absorption at 545 nm displays an instantaneous bleach (30% of the total amplitude) followed by a slow increase of the bleaching amplitude with time constants of 15 and 12 ps for blue (662 nm) and red (695 nm) excitation, respectively.
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19
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Bonsma S, Purchase R, Jezowski S, Gallus J, Könz F, Völker S. Green and red fluorescent proteins: photo- and thermally induced dynamics probed by site-selective spectroscopy and hole burning. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:838-49. [PMID: 15884066 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The cloning and expression of autofluorescent proteins in living matter, combined with modern imaging techniques, have thoroughly changed the world of bioscience. In particular, such proteins are widely used as genetically encoded labels to track the movement of proteins as reporters of cellular signals and to study protein-protein interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Their optical properties, however, are complex and it is important to understand these for the correct interpretation of imaging data and for the design of new fluorescent mutants. In this Minireview we start with a short survey of the field and then focus on the photo- and thermally induced dynamics of green and red fluorescent proteins. In particular, we show how fluorescence line narrowing and high-resolution spectral hole burning at low temperatures can be used to unravel the photophysics and photochemistry and shed light on the intricate electronic structure of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bonsma
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Raszewski G, Saenger W, Renger T. Theory of optical spectra of photosystem II reaction centers: location of the triplet state and the identity of the primary electron donor. Biophys J 2004; 88:986-98. [PMID: 15556979 PMCID: PMC1305170 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structural analysis of photosystem II of Thermosynechococcus elongatus, a detailed calculation of optical properties of reaction-center (D1-D2) complexes is presented applying a theory developed previously. The calculations of absorption, linear dichroism, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectra, all at 6 K, and the temperature-dependence of the absorption spectrum are used to extract the local optical transition energies of the reaction-center pigments, the so-called site energies, from experimental data. The site energies are verified by calculations and comparison with seven additional independent experiments. Exciton relaxation and primary electron transfer in the reaction center are studied using the site energies. The calculations are used to interpret transient optical data. Evidence is provided for the accessory chlorophyll of the D1-branch as being the primary electron donor and the location of the triplet state at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Raszewski
- Institut für Chemie (Kristallographie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Hughes JL, Prince BJ, Krausz E, Smith PJ, Pace RJ, Riesen H. Highly Efficient Spectral Hole-Burning in Oxygen-Evolving Photosystem II Preparations. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0492523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Hughes
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Barry J. Prince
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Elmars Krausz
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Paul J. Smith
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Ron J. Pace
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hans Riesen
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Faculties Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, The University of New South Wales, ADFA, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
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Riley K, Jankowiak R, Rätsep M, Small GJ, Zazubovich V. Evidence for Highly Dispersive Primary Charge Separation Kinetics and Gross Heterogeneity in the Isolated PS II Reaction Center of Green Plants. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049562l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Riley
- Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 142 Riia Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - R. Jankowiak
- Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 142 Riia Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Rätsep
- Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 142 Riia Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 142 Riia Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - V. Zazubovich
- Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 142 Riia Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Hsin TM, Zazubovich V, Hayes JM, Small GJ. Red Antenna States of PS I of Cyanobacteria: Stark Effect and Interstate Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049572m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.-M. Hsin
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - V. Zazubovich
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - J. M. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - G. J. Small
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Zazubovich V, Jankowiak R, Riley K, Picorel R, Seibert M, Small GJ. How Fast Is Excitation Energy Transfer in the Photosystem II Reaction Center in the Low Temperature Limit? Hole Burning vs Photon Echo. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022231t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Zazubovich
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Jankowiak
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - K. Riley
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Picorel
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Seibert
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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25
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Prokhorenko VI, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center: A Photon Echo Study,. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002323n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin I. Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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26
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Greenfield SR, Seibert M, Wasielewski MR. Time-Resolved Absorption Changes of the Pheophytin Qx Band in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers at 7 K: Energy Transfer and Charge Separation. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990962w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Greenfield
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael Seibert
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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27
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Finzi L, Zucchelli G, Garlaschi FM, Jennings RC. Thermal sensitivity of the red absorption tail of the photosystem II reaction center complex. Biochemistry 1999; 38:10627-31. [PMID: 10451356 DOI: 10.1021/bi990568o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The red tail of the absorption spectrum of the D1-D2-cytb559 complex, defined as the absorption signal not described by the two Gaussian sub-bands associated with the intense electronic transitions at 680 and 683 nm, exhibits anomalous temperature behavior. This tail was analyzed in the temperature interval between 80 and 300 K in terms of the mean square deviation (sigma2) of the total Qy absorption band and by Gaussian sub-band decomposition. The value of the average optical reorganization energy (Snum) obtained from the temperature dependence of sigma2 for the whole absorption band was 32 cm(-1), and changed to 16-20 cm(-1) after subtraction of the sub-bands describing the red tail. This latter value is in agreement with the hole burning literature data for chlorophyll bound to proteins, and indicates that the rather high value for the apparent optical reorganization energy obtained by analysis of the total Qy band of the D1-D2-cytb559 complex is determined by the temperature sensitivity of the red tail. This suggests that the long wavelength absorption tail might be due to vibrational transitions associated with vibrational modes in the range of 80-150 cm(-1) which are thermally accessible and give rise to an absorption signal on the low-energy side of the (0,0) transition. On the basis of this assumption, the electron-phonon coupling strength (S) for these modes is estimated to be in the range 0.028-0.18. This interpretation furthermore supports the idea that the electronic transition near 683 nm is that of a monomer chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Finzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Centro CNR Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Italy
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28
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van Brederode ME, van Grondelle R. New and unexpected routes for ultrafast electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers. FEBS Lett 1999; 455:1-7. [PMID: 10428460 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In photosynthetic reaction centers, the excitation with light leads to the formation of a charge separated state across the photosynthetic membrane. For the reaction center of purple non-sulphur bacteria, it was previously generally assumed that this primary charge separation could only start with the excitation of the so-called special pair of bacteriochlorophyll molecules located in the heart of the RC. However, recently new and ultrafast pathways of charge separation have been discovered in the bacterial RC that are driven directly by the excited state of the accessory monomeric bacteriochlorophyll present in the active branch of cofactors. These results demonstrate that the route for energy conversion in photosynthesis can be much more flexible than previously thought. We suggest that the existence of multiple charge separation routes is particularly relevant for the mechanism of charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E van Brederode
- Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Vrije Universiteit and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences (IMBW), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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den Hartog FTH, van Papendrecht C, Störkel U, Völker S. Protein Dynamics in Photosystem II Complexes of Green Plants Studied by Time-Resolved Hole-Burning. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984484l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. van Papendrecht
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U. Störkel
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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F. T. H. den Hartog,, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, Völker S. Spectral Distributions of “Trap” Pigments in the RC, CP47, and CP47−RC Complexes of Photosystem II at Low Temperature: A Fluorescence Line-Narrowing and Hole-Burning Study. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9832793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog,
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Grondelle
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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den Hartog FTH, Vacha F, Lock AJ, Barber J, Dekker JP, Völker S. Comparison of the Excited-State Dynamics of Five- and Six-Chlorophyll Photosystem II Reaction Center Complexes. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982791l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - F. Vacha
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - A. J. Lock
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - J. Barber
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic, Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, United Kingdom, and
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Finzi L, Elli G, Zucchelli G, Garlaschi FM, Jennings RC. Long wavelength absorption transitions in the D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 complex as revealed by selective pigment photobleaching and circular dichroism measurements. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Peterman EJ, van Amerongen H, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP. The nature of the excited state of the reaction center of photosystem II of green plants: a high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:6128-33. [PMID: 9600929 PMCID: PMC27597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1997] [Accepted: 03/16/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the electronically excited state of the isolated reaction center of photosystem II with high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy at 5 K and compared the obtained spectral features with those obtained earlier for the primary electron donor. The results show that there is a striking resemblance between the emitting and charge-separating states in the photosystem II reaction center, such as a very similar shape of the phonon wing with characteristic features at 19 and 80 cm-1, almost identical frequencies of a number of vibrational modes, a very similar double-Gaussian shape of the inhomogeneous distribution function, and relatively strong electron-phonon coupling for both states. We suggest that the emission at 5 K originates either from an exciton state delocalized over the inactive branch of the photosystem or from a fraction of the primary electron donor that is long-lived at 5 K. The latter possibility can be explained by a distribution of the free energy difference of the primary charge separation reaction around zero. Both possibilities are in line with the idea that the state that drives primary charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II is a collective state, with contributions from all chlorophyll molecules in the central part of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Groot ML, van Grondelle R, Leegwater JA, van Mourik F. Radical Pair Quantum Yield in Reaction Centers of Photosystem II of Green Plants and of the Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Saturation Behavior with Sub-picosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Adriaan Leegwater
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Mourik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tomo T, Mimuro M, Iwaki M, Kobayashi M, Itoh S, Satoh K. Topology of pigments in the isolated Photosystem II reaction center studied by selective extraction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(97)00037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Donovan B, Walker LA, Kaplan D, Bouvier M, Yocum CF, Sension RJ. Structure and Function in the Isolated Reaction Center Complex of Photosystem II. 1. Ultrafast Fluorescence Measurements of PSII. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971112o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Donovan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Larry A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Bouvier
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charles F. Yocum
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, and Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, MEDOX ELECTRO-OPTICS, 3940 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and Alliage, 77 rue de Cardinal Lemoine, 75005 Paris, France
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Konermann L, Yruela I, Holzwarth AR. Pigment assignment in the absorption spectrum of the photosystem II reaction center by site-selection fluorescence spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1997; 36:7498-502. [PMID: 9200699 DOI: 10.1021/bi9701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The steady state fluorescence properties of the photosystem II reaction center (D1-D2-cyt-b559 complex, PSII-RC) have been investigated by site-selection spectroscopy. The pattern of the vibronic bands in the emission spectra is used to identify the fluorescing species that have their absorption maxima on the red edge of the spectrum (at around 682 nm). At 10 K, even samples with a low content of red absorbing chlorophyll a (Chl) show pure Chl emission upon excitation at 685 nm, whereas at 77 K the fluorescence of the PSII-RCs is contributed to by Chl and pheophytin a (Pheo) in a ratio of roughly 8:2. These results allow an unequivocal distinction between two different spectral decompositions that were recently suggested for the absorption spectrum of the PSII-RC [Konermann, L., & Holzwarth, A. R. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 829]. Only one of these decompositions is compatible with the experimental data presented here according to which the absorption on the red edge of the spectrum is dominated by an accessory Chl.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Konermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim, Germany
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Groot ML, Eijckelhoff C, Dekker JP. Charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II studied as a function of temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4389-94. [PMID: 9113999 PMCID: PMC20732 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosystem II of green plants the key photosynthetic reaction consists of the transfer of an electron from the primary donor called P680 to a nearby pheophytin molecule. We analyzed the temperature dependence of this reaction by subpicosecond transient absorption spectroscopy over the temperature range 20-240 K using isolated photosystem II reaction centers from spinach. After excitation in the red edge of the Qy absorption band, the decay of the excited state can conveniently be described by two kinetic components that both accelerate with temperature. This temperature behavior differs remarkably from that observed in purple bacterial reaction centers. We attribute the first component, which accelerates from 2.6 ps at 20 K to 0.4 ps at 240 K, to charge separation after direct excitation of P680, and explain its temperature dependence by an intermediate that lies in energy above the singlet-excited P680 and that possibly has charge-transfer character. The second component accelerates from 120 ps at 20 K to 18 ps at 240 K and is attributed to charge separation after direct excitation of the "trap" state near-degenerate with P680 and subsequent slow energy transfer from this trap state to P680. We suggest that the slow energy transfer from the trap state to P680 plays an important role in the kinetics of radical pair formation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Eijckelhoff C, Vacha F, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP, Barber J. Spectroscopic characterization of a 5 Chl a photosystem II reaction center complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(96)00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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