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Farkaš B, de Leeuw NH. A Perspective on Modelling Metallic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine: From Monometals to Nanoalloys and Ligand-Protected Particles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3611. [PMID: 34203371 PMCID: PMC8269646 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this review is on the physical and magnetic properties that are related to the efficiency of monometallic magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia, and how to model these by theoretical methods, where the discussion is based on the example of cobalt nanoparticles. Different simulation systems (cluster, extended slab, and nanoparticle models) are critically appraised for their efficacy in the determination of reactivity, magnetic behaviour, and ligand-induced modifications of relevant properties. Simulations of the effects of nanoscale alloying with other metallic phases are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farkaš
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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2
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Farkaš B, de Leeuw NH. Towards a morphology of cobalt nanoparticles: size and strain effects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195711. [PMID: 32096483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6fe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt nanoparticles with diameters of 8 nm have recently shown promising performance for biomedical applications. However, it is still unclear how the shape of cobalt clusters changes with size when reaching the nanoparticle range. In the present work, density functional theory calculations have been employed to compare the stabilities of two non-crystalline (icosahedron and decahedron) shapes, and three crystalline motifs (hcp, fcc, and bcc) for magic numbered cobalt clusters with up to 1500 atoms, based on the changes in the cohesive energies, coordination numbers, and nearest-neighbour distances arising from varying geometries. Obtained trends were extrapolated to a 104 size range, and an icosahedral shape was predicted for clusters up to 5500 atoms. Larger sized clusters adopt hcp stacking, in correspondence with the bulk phase. To explain the crystalline/non-crystalline crossovers, the contributions of the elastic strain density and twin boundary from the specimen surfaces to the cohesive energy of different motifs were evaluated. These results are expected to aid the design and synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles for applications ranging from catalysis to biomedical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farkaš
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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3
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Fadlallah MM, Abdelrahman AG, Schwingenschlögl U, Maarouf AA. Graphene and graphene nanomesh supported nickel clusters: electronic, magnetic, and hydrogen storage properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:085709. [PMID: 30524043 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaee3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Small-sized nanoparticles are widely used in applications such as catalysis, nanoelectronics, and hydrogen storage. However, the small size causes a common problem: agglomeration on the support template. One solution is to use templates that limit the mobility of the nanoparticles. Graphene nanomeshes (GNMs) are two dimensional porous structures with controllably passivated pores. In this work, we employ first principles calculations to investigate the potential for using GNMs as support templates for Ni clusters and, at the same time, study their magnetic and hydrogen storage properties. We consider two Ni clusters (Ni6 and Ni13) and two GNMs (O-terminated and N-terminated), comparing our results to those of isolated Ni clusters and those of Ni clusters on graphene. High stability of the Ni clusters is found on the N-GNM in contrast to the O-GNM. We quantify the hydrogen storage capacity by calculating the adsorption energy for multiple H2 molecules. The values on Ni x /N-GNM are significantly reduced as compared to the corresponding isolated Ni x clusters, but a high hydrogen storage capacity is maintained. The fact that Ni x /N-GNM hosts spin polarization is interesting for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Fadlallah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt. Center for Fundamental Physics, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12588, Egypt
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4
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Gutsev GL, Bozhenko KV, Gutsev LG, Utenyshev AN, Aldoshin SM. Hydrogenation of 3d-metal oxide clusters: Effects on the structure and magnetic properties. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:562-571. [PMID: 30549078 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The geometrical structures and properties of the M8 O12 , M8 O12 H8 , and M8 O12 H12 clusters are explored using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation for all 3d-metals M from Sc to Zn. It is found that the geometries and total spin magnetic moments of the clusters depended strongly on the 3d-atom type and the hydrogenation extent. More than the half of all of the 30 clusters had singlet lowest total energy states, which could be described as either nonmagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Hydrogenation increases the total spin magnetic moments of the M8 O12 H12 clusters when MMnNi, which become larger by four Bohr magneton than those of the corresponding unary clusters M8 . Hydrogenation substantially affects such properties as polarizability, forbidden band gaps, and dipole moments. Collective superexchange where the local total spin magnetic moments of two atom squads are coupled antiparallel was observed in antiferromagnetic singlet states of Fe8 O12 H8 and Co8 O12 H8 , whereas the lowest total energy states of their neighbors Mn8 O12 H8 and Ni8 O12 H8 are ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic, respectively. Hydrogenation leads to a decrease in the average binding energy per atom when moving across the 3d-metal atom series. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307
| | - K V Bozhenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia.,Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - L G Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23284
| | - A N Utenyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - S M Aldoshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
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5
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Roy G, Chattopadhyay AP. The reactivity of CO on bimetallic Ni 3M clusters (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Rh, Ru, Ag, Pd and Pt) by density functional theory. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface C and O overlap with bimetallic clusters in σ, π and δ-type bonding; for example, C is a σ-donor at −15.23 eV and a π-donor at −9.29 eV, and O is a δ-acceptor at −7.76 eV in Ni3Fe clusters.
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6
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Chikhaoui A, Ziane M, Tazibt S, Bouarab S, Vega A. Unveiling the effects of doping small nickel clusters with a sulfur impurity. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Zienkiewicz-Machnik M, Goszewska I, Śrębowata A, Kubas A, Giziński D, Słowik G, Matus K, Lisovytskiy D, Pisarek M, Sá J. Tuning nano-nickel selectivity with tin in flow hydrogenation of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one by surface organometallic chemistry modification. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Boulbazine M, Boudjahem AG, Bettahar M. Stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of Cu-doped nickel clusters: a DFT investigation. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1329561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhssin Boulbazine
- Nanomaterials Chemistry Group, University of Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée, Université de Guelma, Guelma, Algérie
| | | | - Mohamed Bettahar
- Institut Jean Barriol, SRSMC, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre Cédex, France
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9
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Datta S, Raychaudhuri AK, Saha-Dasgupta T. First principles study of bimetallic Ni 13-nAg n nano-clusters (n = 0-13): Structural, mixing, electronic, and magnetic properties. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164301. [PMID: 28456196 DOI: 10.1063/1.4981801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Using spin polarized density functional theory based calculations, combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, we carry out a systematic investigation of the bimetallic Ni13-nAgn nano-clusters, for all compositions. This includes prediction of the geometry, mixing behavior, and electronic properties. Our study reveals a tendency towards the formation of a core-shell like structure, following the rule of putting Ni in a high coordination site and Ag in a low coordination site. Our calculations predict negative mixing energies for the entire composition range, indicating mixing to be favored for the bimetallic small sized Ni-Ag clusters, irrespective of the compositions. The magic composition with the highest stability is found for the NiAg12 alloy cluster. We investigate the microscopic origin of a core-shell like structure with negative mixing energy, in which the Ni-Ag inter-facial interaction is found to play a role. We also study the magnetic properties of the Ni-Ag alloy clusters. The Ni dominated magnetism consists of parallel alignment of Ni moments while the tiny moments on Ag align in anti-parallel to Ni moments. The hybridization with the Ag environment causes reduction of Ni moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Datta
- Thematic Unit of Excellence on Computational Materials Science, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - A K Raychaudhuri
- Thematic Unit of Excellence on Computational Materials Science, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta
- Thematic Unit of Excellence on Computational Materials Science, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 106, India
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10
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11
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Lazauskas T, Sokol AA, Woodley SM. An efficient genetic algorithm for structure prediction at the nanoscale. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3850-3864. [PMID: 28252128 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed and implemented a new global optimization technique based on a Lamarckian genetic algorithm with the focus on structure diversity. The key process in the efficient search on a given complex energy landscape proves to be the removal of duplicates that is achieved using a topological analysis of candidate structures. The careful geometrical prescreening of newly formed structures and the introduction of new mutation move classes improve the rate of success further. The power of the developed technique, implemented in the Knowledge Led Master Code, or KLMC, is demonstrated by its ability to locate and explore a challenging double funnel landscape of a Lennard-Jones 38 atom system (LJ38). We apply the redeveloped KLMC to investigate three chemically different systems: ionic semiconductor (ZnO)1-32, metallic Ni13 and covalently bonded C60. All four systems have been systematically explored on the energy landscape defined using interatomic potentials. The new developments allowed us to successfully locate the double funnels of LJ38, find new local and global minima for ZnO clusters, extensively explore the Ni13 and C60 (the buckminsterfullerene, or buckyball) potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lazauskas
- University College London, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Alexey A Sokol
- University College London, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Scott M Woodley
- University College London, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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12
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Xu H, Chu W, Sun W, Jiang C, Liu Z. DFT studies of Ni cluster on graphene surface: effect of CO2 activation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of CO2 can be significantly enhanced by Ni cluster deposited onto monovacancy graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Sichuan Provincial Environmental Protection Center for Catalytic Materials Engineering Technology
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Wei Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Sichuan Provincial Environmental Protection Center for Catalytic Materials Engineering Technology
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Wenjing Sun
- China-America Cancer Research Institute
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province
- Guangdong Medical University
- Dongguan
- China
| | - Chengfa Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Sichuan Provincial Environmental Protection Center for Catalytic Materials Engineering Technology
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Zhongqing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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13
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Meyer J, Tombers M, van Wüllen C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Peredkov S, Eberhardt W, Neeb M, Palutke S, Martins M, Wurth W. The spin and orbital contributions to the total magnetic moments of free Fe, Co, and Ni clusters. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:104302. [PMID: 26374030 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present size dependent spin and orbital magnetic moments of cobalt (Con (+), 8 ≤ n ≤ 22), iron (Fen (+), 7 ≤ n ≤ 17), and nickel cluster (Nin (+), 7 ≤ n ≤ 17) cations as obtained by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy of isolated clusters in the gas phase. The spin and orbital magnetic moments range between the corresponding atomic and bulk values in all three cases. We compare our findings to previous XMCD data, Stern-Gerlach data, and computational results. We discuss the application of scaling laws to the size dependent evolution of the spin and orbital magnetic moments per atom in the clusters. We find a spin scaling law "per cluster diameter," ∼n(-1/3), that interpolates between known atomic and bulk values. In remarkable contrast, the orbital moments do likewise only if the atomic asymptote is exempt. A concept of "primary" and "secondary" (induced) orbital moments is invoked for interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Meyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias Tombers
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph van Wüllen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sergey Peredkov
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany and DESY-CFEL, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany and DESY-CFEL, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Neeb
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chausee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chausee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Wurth
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chausee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Fernando A, Weerawardene KLDM, Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Quantum Mechanical Studies of Large Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Clusters. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6112-216. [PMID: 25898274 DOI: 10.1021/cr500506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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15
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Hahn KR, Seitsonen AP, Iannuzzi M, Hutter J. Functionalization of CeO2(1 1 1) by Deposition of Small Ni Clusters: Effects on CO2Adsorption and O Vacancy Formation. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Ji J, Wang G, Wang T, You X, Xu X. Thiolate-protected Ni39 and Ni41 nanoclusters: synthesis, self-assembly and magnetic properties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9185-9191. [PMID: 24981393 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected soluble nickel clusters, Ni(39)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)24 and Ni(41)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)25, were synthesized via a wet chemical method. The cluster formulae were identified by MALDI-TOF. Possible structures of the clusters were discussed. These clusters exhibit ferromagnetism with hysteresis loops in the 1.8-300 K range. By solvent evaporation, the clusters can self-assemble into simple cubic structured crystals with a width in the range of 1-10 μm and length up to 300 μm. These properties shed light on their application potentials in nanomagnetics working at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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17
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A Magnetic Study of Low Moment Nickel Clusters Formed from the Solid-State Decomposition Reaction of Nickel bis-1,5-Cyclooctadiene. J CLUST SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-013-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Gutsev GL, Weatherford CW, Belay KG, Ramachandran BR, Jena P. An all-electron density functional theory study of the structure and properties of the neutral and singly charged M12 and M13 clusters: M = Sc–Zn. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:164303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4799917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Takahashi K, Isobe S, Ohnuki S. The structural and electronic properties of small osmium clusters (2–14): A density functional theory study. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Electronic structure and stabilities of Ni-doped germanium nanoclusters: a density functional modeling study. J Mol Model 2012; 19:1473-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Shewale V, Deshpande M. Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of NinM clusters (M=Hf, Ta, W) with n=1–12. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Peredkov S, Neeb M, Eberhardt W, Meyer J, Tombers M, Kampschulte H, Niedner-Schatteburg G. Spin and orbital magnetic moments of free nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:233401. [PMID: 22182086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.233401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The determination of spin and orbital magnetic moments from the free atom to the bulk phase is an intriguing challenge for nanoscience, in particular, since most magnetic recording materials are based on nanostructures. We present temperature-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements of free Co clusters (N=8-22) from which the intrinsic spin and orbital magnetic moments of noninteracting magnetic nanoparticles have been deduced. An exceptionally strong enhancement of the orbital moment is verified for free magnetic clusters which is 4-6 times larger than the bulk value. Our temperature-dependent measurements reveal that the spin orientation along the external magnetic field is nearly saturated at ~20 K and 7 T, while the orbital orientation is clearly not.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peredkov
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Chikhaoui A, Haddab K, Bouarab S, Vega A. Density Functional Study of the Structures and Electronic Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nin Clusters, n = 1–10. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13997-4005. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207861p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chikhaoui
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. No. 17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - K. Haddab
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. No. 17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - S. Bouarab
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. No. 17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - A. Vega
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
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24
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Bandyopadhyay D. Chemisorptions effect of oxygen on the geometries, electronic and magnetic properties of small size Nin (n = 1-6) clusters. J Mol Model 2011; 18:737-49. [PMID: 21567288 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Bandyopadhyay
- Physics Department, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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25
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Impurity Atoms on Small Transition Metal Clusters. Insights from Density Functional Model Studies. Top Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-011-9667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Jiao D, Leung K, Rempe SB, Nenoff TM. First Principles Calculations of Atomic Nickel Redox Potentials and Dimerization Free Energies: A Study of Metal Nanoparticle Growth. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 7:485-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100431m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jiao
- Nanobiology Department, MS 0895, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States, and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, MS 1415, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kevin Leung
- Nanobiology Department, MS 0895, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States, and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, MS 1415, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Susan B. Rempe
- Nanobiology Department, MS 0895, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States, and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, MS 1415, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Nanobiology Department, MS 0895, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States, and Surface and Interface Sciences Department, MS 1415, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Rudzka K, Grubel K, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Hexanickel Enediolate Cluster Generated in an Acireductone Dioxygenase Model Reaction. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7623-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100775m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rudzka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Atta M. Arif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
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Venkataramanan NS, Sahara R, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. Titanium-Doped Nickel Clusters TiNin (n = 1−12): Geometry, Electronic, Magnetic, and Hydrogen Adsorption Properties. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5049-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Royoji Sahara
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980 8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuseki
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980 8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980 8577, Japan
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Harb M, Rabilloud F, Simon D. Density Functional Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of Small Bimetallic Silver−Nickel Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7726-31. [PMID: 17637046 DOI: 10.1021/jp072207l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical study on the structure and electronic properties of small AgmNip (m + p < or = 6) clusters has been carried out in the framework of density functional theory. Structural features, cohesive energies, vertical ionization potentials, and charge transfers are evaluated for each Ag/Ni ratio. In all the AgmNip clusters, the nickel atoms are brought together, yielding a maximum of Ni-Ni bonds, and the silver atoms are located around a Ni core with a maximum of Ag-Ni bonds. The ionization potential and the highest occupied molecular orbital shape are directly related to the two- or three-dimensional character of the cluster's geometry. A very low electronic charge transfer from Ni to Ag is found, and the magnetic moment is located on Ni atoms but with a low spin polarization on silver in the Ni-rich clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harb
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LASIM UMR 5579, bât A. Kastler, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Sreethawong T, Chavadej S, Ngamsinlapasathian S, Yoshikawa S. A modified sol–gel process-derived highly nanocrystalline mesoporous NiO with narrow pore size distribution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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St Petkov P, Vayssilov GN, Krüger S, Rösch N. Influence of Single Impurity Atoms on the Structure, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Ni5 Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2067-76. [PMID: 17388298 DOI: 10.1021/jp0675431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With a gradient-corrected density functional method, we have studied computationally the influence of single impurity atoms on the structure, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ni5 clusters. The square-pyramidal isomer of bare Ni5 with six unpaired electrons was calculated 23 kJ/mol more stable than the trigonal bipyramid in its lowest-energy electronic configuration with four unpaired electrons. In a previous study on the cluster Ni4, we had obtained only one stable isomer with an O or an H impurity, but we located six minima for ONi5 and five minima for HNi5. In the most stable structures of HNi5, the H atom bridges a Ni-Ni edge at the base or the side of the square pyramid, similarly to the coordination of an H atom at the tetrahedral cluster Ni4. The most stable ONi5 isomers exhibit a trigonal bipyramidal structure of the Ni5 moiety, with the impurity coordinated at a facet, (micro3-O)Ni5, or at an apex edge, (micro-O)Ni5. We located four stable structures for a C impurity at a Ni5 cluster. As for CNi4, the most stable structure of the corresponding Ni5 complex comprises a four-coordinated C atom, (micro4-C)Ni5, and can be considered as insertion of the impurity into a Ni-Ni bond of the bare cluster. All structures with C and five with O impurity have four unpaired electrons, while the number of unpaired electrons in the clusters HNi5 varies between 3 and 7. As a rough trend, the ionization potentials and electron affinities of the clusters with impurity atoms decrease with the coordination number of the impurity. However, the position of the impurity and the shape of the metal moiety also affect the results. Coordination of an impurity atom leads to a partial oxidation of the metal atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko St Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
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34
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St Petkov P, Vayssilov GN, Krüger S, Rösch N. Structure, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of Ni4 clusters containing impurity atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1282-91. [PMID: 16633608 DOI: 10.1039/b518175e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a gradient-corrected density functional method, we studied computationally how single impurity atoms affect the structure and the properties of a Ni4 cluster. H and O atoms coordinate at a Ni-Ni bond, inducing small changes to the structure of bare Ni4 which is essentially a tetrahedron. For a C impurity, we found three stable structures at a Ni4 cluster. In the most stable geometry, the carbon atom cleaves a Ni-Ni bond of Ni4, binding to all Ni atoms. Inclusion of the impurity atom leads to a partial oxidation of the metal atoms and, in the most stable structures, reduces the spin polarization of the cluster compared to bare Ni4. An H impurity interacts mainly with the Ni 4s orbitals, whereas the Ni 3d orbitals participate strongly in the bonding with O and C impurity atoms. For these impurity atoms, Ni 3d contributions dominate the character of the HOMO of the ligated cluster, in contrast to the HOMO of bare Ni4 where Ni 4s orbitals prevail. We also discuss a simple model which relates the effect of a H impurity on the magnetic state of metal clusters to the spin character (minority or majority) of the LUMO or HOMO of the bare metal cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko St Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Density-functional theory has been used to determine the ground-state geometries and electronic states for homonuclear transition-metal trimers constrained to equilateral triangle geometries. This represents the first application of consistent theoretical methods to all of the ten 3d block transition-metal trimers, from scandium to zinc. A search of the potential surfaces yields the following electronic ground states and bond lengths: Sc3(2A1',2.83 A), Ti3(7E',2.32 A), V3(2E",2.06 A), Cr3(17E',2.92 A), Mn3(16A2',2.73 A), Fe3(11E",2.24 A), Co3(6E",2.18 A), Ni3(3A2",2.23 A), Cu3(2E',2.37 A), and Zn3(1A1',2.93 A). Vibrational frequencies, several low-lying electronic states, and trends in bond lengths and atomization energies are discussed. The predicted dissociation energies DeltaE(M3-->M2+M) are 49.4 kcal mol(-1)(Sc3), 64.3 kcal mol(-1)(Ti3), 60.7 kcal mol(-1)(V3), 11.5 kcal mol(-1)(Cr3), 32.4 kcal mol(-1)(Mn3), 61.5 kcal mol(-1)(Fe3), 78.0 kcal mol(-1)(Co3), 86.1 kcal mol(-1)(Ni3), 26.8 kcal mol(-1)(Cu3), and 4.5 kcal mol(-1)(Zn3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Papas
- Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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36
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Rollmann G, Sahoo S, Entel P. Structural and magnetic properties of Fe-Ni clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200405436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Diaconu CV, Cho AE, Doll JD, Freeman DL. Broken-symmetry unrestricted hybrid density functional calculations on nickel dimer and nickel hydride. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:10026-40. [PMID: 15549878 DOI: 10.1063/1.1798992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we investigate the adequacy of broken-symmetry unrestricted density functional theory for constructing the potential energy curve of nickel dimer and nickel hydride, as a model for larger bare and hydrogenated nickel cluster calculations. We use three hybrid functionals: the popular B3LYP, Becke's newest optimized functional Becke98, and the simple FSLYP functional (50% Hartree-Fock and 50% Slater exchange and LYP gradient-corrected correlation functional) with two basis sets: all-electron (AE) Wachters+f basis set and Stuttgart RSC effective core potential (ECP) and basis set. We find that, overall, the best agreement with experiment, comparable to that of the high-level CASPT2, is obtained with B3LYP/AE, closely followed by Becke98/AE and Becke98/ECP. FSLYP/AE and B3LYP/ECP give slightly worse agreement with experiment, and FSLYP/ECP is the only method among the ones we studied that gives an unacceptably large error, underestimating the dissociation energy of Ni(2) by 28%, and being in the largest disagreement with the experiment and the other theoretical predictions. We also find that for Ni(2), the spin projection for the broken-symmetry unrestricted singlet states changes the ordering of the states, but the splittings are less than 10 meV. All our calculations predict a deltadelta-hole ground state for Ni(2) and delta-hole ground state for NiH. Upon spin projection of the singlet state of Ni(2), almost all of our calculations: Becke98 and FSLYP both AE and ECP and B3LYP/AE predict (1)(d(A)(x(2)-y(2)d(B)(x(2)-y(2)) or (1)(d(A)(xy) (d)(B)(xy)) ground state, which is a mixture of (1)Sigma(g) (+) and (1)Gamma(g). B3LYP/ECP predicts a (3)(d(A)(x(2)-y(2))d(B)(xy) (mixture of (3)Sigma(g) (-) and (3)Gamma(u)) ground state virtually degenerate with the (1)(d(A)(x(2)-y(2)d(B)(x)(2)-y(2)/(1)(d(A)(xy)D(B)(xy) state. The doublet delta-hole ground state of NiH predicted by all our calculations is in agreement with the experimentally predicted (2)Delta ground state. For Ni(2), all our results are consistent with the experimentally predicted ground state of 0(g) (+) (a mixture of (1)Sigma(g) (+) and (3)Sigma(g) (-)) or 0(u) (-) (a mixture of (1)Sigma(u) (-) and (3)Sigma(u) (+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian V Diaconu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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Wu ZJ, Zhang HJ, Meng J, Dai ZW, Han B, Jin PC. Structural stability and electronic state of transition metal trimers. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4699-704. [PMID: 15332902 DOI: 10.1063/1.1781616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground state geometries were searched for transition metal trimers Sc3, Y3, La3, Lu3, Ti3, Zr3, and Hf3 by density functional methods. For all the studied trimers, our calculation indicates that the ground state geometries are either equilateral triangle (Zr3 and Hf3) or near equilateral triangle (Ti3, Sc3, Y3, La3, and Lu3). For rare earth trimers Sc3, Y3, La3, and Lu3, isosceles triangle (near equilateral triangle) at quartet state is the ground state. Isosceles triangle at doublet state is the competitive candidate for the ground state. For Zr3 and Hf3, equilateral triangle at singlet state is the most stable. For Ti3, isosceles triangle (near equilateral triangle) at quintet state gives the ground state. For Sc3, Zr3, and Hf3, where experimental results are available, the predicted geometries are in agreement with experiment in which the ground state is equilateral triangle (Zr3) or fluxional (Sc3 and Hf3). For Y3, the calculated geometry is in agreement with experimental observation and previous theoretical study that Y3 is a bent molecule for the ground state. For La3, our calculation is in excellent agreement with previous theoretical study based on density functional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Aleksandrov HA, Vayssilov GN, Rösch N. Theoretical Investigation of the Coordination of N2 Ligands to the Cluster Ni3. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048923u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hristiyan A. Aleksandrov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Georgi N. Vayssilov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Notker Rösch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria, and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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40
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Mainardi DS, Balbuena PB. Hydrogen and Oxygen Adsorption on Rhn (n = 1−6) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036093z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Mainardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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41
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Guirado-López RA, Dorantes-Dávila J, Pastor GM. Orbital magnetism in transition-metal clusters: from Hund's rules to bulk quenching. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:226402. [PMID: 12857328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.226402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2000] [Revised: 11/18/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The local and average orbital moments <L> of transition-metal (TM) clusters are determined bridging the gap between atomic Hund's rules and solid-state quenching. A remarkable enhancement of <L> is revealed in agreement with recent measurements. In small Ni(N) (N< or =10), <L> represents (20-40)% of the total magnetization and is therefore crucial for the comparison between theory and experiment. Larger clusters (N> or =150) show nearly bulklike quenching at the interior but retain a considerable surface enhancement. Trends for different TM's are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Guirado-López
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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42
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Liu SR, Zhai HJ, Wang LS. Evolution of the electronic properties of small Nin− (n=1–100) clusters by photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1519008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Knickelbein MB. Nickel clusters: The influence of adsorbates on magnetic moments. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1477175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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44
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Knickelbein MB. Nickel clusters: The influence of adsorbed CO on magnetic moments. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1388542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Barden CJ, Rienstra-Kiracofe JC, Schaefer HF. Homonuclear 3d transition-metal diatomics: A systematic density functional theory study. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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47
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Kerns KP, Parks EK, Riley SJ. The binding of CO to nickel clusters. II. Structural implications and comparisons with electron counting rules. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Alonso JA. Electronic and atomic structure, and magnetism of transition-metal clusters. Chem Rev 2000; 100:637-78. [PMID: 11749247 DOI: 10.1021/cr980391o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Alonso
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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49
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Lu P, Teranishi T, Asakura K, Miyake M, Toshima N. Polymer-Protected Ni/Pd Bimetallic Nano-Clusters: Preparation, Characterization and Catalysis for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992177p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi-gun, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda-shi, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi-gun, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda-shi, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi-gun, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda-shi, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Mikio Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi-gun, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda-shi, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Naoki Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi-gun, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda-shi, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
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50
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Nayak SK, Jena P. Equilibrium Geometry, Stability, and Magnetic Properties of Small MnO Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981721p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Nayak
- Contribution from the Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000
| | - P. Jena
- Contribution from the Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000
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