1
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Leclaire J, Heldebrant DJ, Grubel K, Septavaux J, Hennebelle M, Walter E, Chen Y, Bañuelos JL, Zhang D, Nguyen MT, Ray D, Allec SI, Malhotra D, Joo W, King J. Tetrameric self-assembling of water-lean solvents enables carbamate anhydride-based CO 2 capture chemistry. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01495-z. [PMID: 38589626 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization and storage is a key yet cost-intensive technology for the fight against climate change. Single-component water-lean solvents have emerged as promising materials for post-combustion CO2 capture, but little is known regarding their mechanism of action. Here we present a combined experimental and modelling study of single-component water-lean solvents, and we find that CO2 capture is accompanied by the self-assembly of reverse-micelle-like tetrameric clusters in solution. This spontaneous aggregation leads to stepwise cooperative capture phenomena with highly contrasting mechanistic and thermodynamic features. The emergence of well-defined supramolecular architectures displaying a hydrogen-bonded internal core, reminiscent of enzymatic active sites, enables the formation of CO2-containing molecular species such as carbamic acid, carbamic anhydride and alkoxy carbamic anhydrides. This system extends the scope of adducts and mechanisms observed during carbon capture. It opens the way to materials with a higher CO2 storage capacity and provides a means for carbamates to potentially act as initiators for future oligomerization or polymerization of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Leclaire
- CNRS ICBMS UMR 5246, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
- Washington State University Pullman, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | | | - Jean Septavaux
- CNRS ICBMS UMR 5246, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Secoya Technologies, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Hennebelle
- CNRS ICBMS UMR 5246, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Walter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Difan Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Debmalya Ray
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sarah I Allec
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Wontae Joo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jaelynne King
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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2
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Wandzilak A, Grubel K, Skubi KL, McWilliams SF, Bessas D, Rana A, Hugenbruch S, Dey A, Holland PL, DeBeer S. Mössbauer and Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies of Iron Species Involved in N-N Bond Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18449-18464. [PMID: 37902987 PMCID: PMC10647920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Diketiminate-supported iron complexes are capable of cleaving the strong triple bond of N2 to give a tetra-iron complex with two nitrides (Rodriguez et al., Science, 2011, 334, 780-783). The mechanism of this reaction has been difficult to determine, but a transient green species was observed during the reaction that corresponds to a potential intermediate. Here, we describe studies aiming to identify the characteristics of this intermediate, using a range of spectroscopic techniques, including Mössbauer spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We successfully elucidated the nature of the starting iron(II) species and the bis(nitride) species in THF solution, and in each case, THF breaks up the multiiron species. Various observations on the green intermediate species indicate that it has one N2 per two Fe atoms, has THF associated with it, and has NRVS features indicative of bridging N2. Computational models with a formally diiron(0)-N2 core are most consistent with the accumulated data, and on this basis, a mechanism for N2 splitting is suggested. This work shows the power of combining NRVS, Mössbauer, NMR, and vibrational spectroscopies with computations for revealing the nature of transient iron species during N2 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wandzilak
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kazimer L. Skubi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Sean F. McWilliams
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bessas
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Atanu Rana
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- School of
Chemical Science, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Stefan Hugenbruch
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of
Chemical Science, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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3
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Grubel K, Rosenthal WS, Autrey T, Henson NJ, Koh K, Flowers S, Blake TA. An experimental, computational, and uncertainty analysis study of the rates of iodoalkane trapping by DABCO in solution phase organic media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6914-6926. [PMID: 36807434 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of the first and second substitution reactions between iodoalkane (R = Me, 1-butyl) and DABCO in methanol, acetonitrile and DMSO. Most of the reactions were recorded at three different temperatures, which permitted calculation of the activation parameters from Eyring and Arrhenius plots. Additionally, the reaction rate and heat of reaction for 1-iodobutane + DABCO in acetonitrile and DMSO were also measured using calorimetry. To help interpret experimental results, ab initio calculations were performed on the reactant, product, and transition state entities to understand structures, reaction enthalpies and activation parameters. Markov chain Monte Carlo statistical sampling was used to determine a distribution of kinetic rates with respect to the uncertainties in measured concentrations and correlations between parameters imposed by a kinetics model. The reactions with 1-iodobutane are found to be slower in all cases compared to reactions under similar conditions for iodomethane. This is due to steric crowding around the reaction centre for the larger butyl group compared to methyl which results in a larger activation energy for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grubel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - W Steven Rosenthal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Tom Autrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Neil J Henson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Katherine Koh
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Sarah Flowers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA. .,Boston Heart Diagnostics, 31 Gage St., Needham, MA 02492, USA
| | - Thomas A Blake
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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4
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Nguyen MT, Grubel K, Zhang D, Koech PK, Malhotra D, Allec S, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA, Heldebrant DJ. Amphilic Water-Lean Carbon Capture Solvent Wetting Behavior through Decomposition by Stainless-Steel Interfaces. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:5283-5292. [PMID: 34555259 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical study has been carried out on the wetting and reactivity of water-lean carbon capture solvents on the surface of common column packing materials. Paradoxically, these solvents are found to be equally able to wet hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The solvents are amphiphilic and can adapt to any interfacial environment, owing to their inherent heterogeneous (nonionic/ionic) molecular structure. Ab initio molecular dynamics indicates that these structures enable the formation of a strong adlayer on the surface of hydrophilic surfaces like oxidized steel which promotes solvent decomposition akin to hydrolysis from surface oxides and hydroxides. This decomposition passivates the surface, making it effectively hydrophobic, and the decomposed solvent promotes leaching of the iron into the bulk fluid. This study links the wetting behavior to the observed corrosion of the steels by decomposition of solvent at steel interfaces. The overall affect is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the solvent in that amines are stable, whereas imines and alcohols are not. Moreover, plastic packing shows little to no solvent degradation, but an equal degree of wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Difan Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Phillip K Koech
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Deepika Malhotra
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sarah Allec
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - David J Heldebrant
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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5
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Horitani M, Grubel K, McWilliams SF, Stubbert BD, Mercado BQ, Yu Y, Gurubasavaraj PM, Lees NS, Holland PL, Hoffman BM. ENDOR characterization of an iron-alkene complex provides insight into a corresponding organometallic intermediate of nitrogenase. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5941-5948. [PMID: 28989623 PMCID: PMC5620524 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of an iron(I)–alkene complex to a nitrogenase intermediate using ENDOR reveals details of the binding geometry.
A bio-organometallic intermediate, denoted PA, was previously trapped during the reduction of propargyl alcohol to allyl alcohol (AA) by nitrogenase, and a similar one was trapped during acetylene reduction, representing foundational examples of alkene binding to a metal center in biology. ENDOR spectroscopy led to the conclusion that these intermediates have η2 binding of the alkene, with the hydrogens on the terminal carbon structurally/magnetically equivalent and related by local mirror symmetry. However, our understanding of both the PA intermediate, and of the dependability of the ENDOR analysis on which this understanding was based, was constrained by the absence of reference iron–alkene complexes for EPR/ENDOR comparison. Here, we report an ENDOR study of the crystallographically characterized biomimetic iron(i) complex 1, which exhibits η2 coordination of styrene, thus connecting hyperfine and structural parameters of an Fe-bound alkene fragment for the first time. A tilt of the alkene plane of 1 from normal to the crystallographic Fe–C2–C1 plane causes substantial differences in the dipolar couplings of the two terminal vinylic protons. Comparison of the hyperfine couplings of 1 and PA confirms the proposed symmetry of PA, and that the η2 interaction forms a scalene Fe–C–C triangle, rather than an isosceles triangle. This spectroscopic study of a structurally characterized complex thus shows the exceptional sensitivity of ENDOR spectroscopy to structural details, while enhancing our understanding of the geometry of a key nitrogenase adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Horitani
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA . .,Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science , Saga University , Saga , 840-8502 , Japan
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA .
| | - Sean F McWilliams
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA .
| | - Bryan D Stubbert
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA .
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Lees
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520 , USA .
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
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6
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Burgess SA, Grubel K, Appel AM, Wiedner ES, Linehan JC. Hydrogenation of CO2 at Room Temperature and Low Pressure with a Cobalt Tetraphosphine Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8580-8589. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Burgess
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John C. Linehan
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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7
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Reesbeck ME, Grubel K, Kim D, Brennessel WW, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Diazoalkanes in Low-Coordinate Iron Chemistry: Bimetallic Diazoalkyl and Alkylidene Complexes of Iron(II). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1019-1022. [PMID: 28067506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The addition of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and its conjugate base to iron β-diketiminate precursors gives novel dinuclear complexes in which the bridges are either diazomethane derivatives or an alkylidene. One product is an unusual bridging alkylidene complex containing two three-coordinate iron(II) centers. On the other hand, syntheses using the deprotonated diazomethane give two bridging diazomethyl species with binding modes that have not been observed in iron complexes previously. In the presence of a coordinating tetrahydrofuran solvent, a diiron(II) compound with μ-N bridges rearranges to a more stable isomer with μ-N,C bridges, a process that is accompanied by a 1,3-shift of a silyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Reesbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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8
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McWilliams SF, Rodgers KR, Lukat-Rodgers G, Mercado BQ, Grubel K, Holland PL. Alkali Metal Variation and Twisting of the FeNNFe Core in Bridging Diiron Dinitrogen Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2960-8. [PMID: 26925968 PMCID: PMC4856002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal cations can interact with Fe-N2 complexes, potentially enhancing back-bonding or influencing the geometry of the iron atom. These influences are relevant to large-scale N2 reduction by iron, such as in the FeMoco of nitrogenase and the alkali-promoted Haber-Bosch process. However, to our knowledge there have been no systematic studies of a large range of alkali metals regarding their influence on transition metal-dinitrogen complexes. In this work, we varied the alkali metal in [alkali cation]2[LFeNNFeL] complexes (L = bulky β-diketiminate ligand) through the size range from Na(+) to K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+). The FeNNFe cores have similar Fe-N and N-N distances and N-N stretching frequencies despite the drastic change in alkali metal cation size. The two diketiminates twist relative to one another, with larger dihedral angles accommodating the larger cations. In order to explain why the twisting has so little influence on the core, we performed density functional theory calculations on a simplified LFeNNFeL model, which show that the two metals surprisingly do not compete for back-bonding to the same π* orbital of N2, even when the ligand planes are parallel. This diiron system can tolerate distortion of the ligand planes through compensating orbital energy changes, and thus, a range of ligand orientations can give very similar energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F McWilliams
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kenton R Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Gudrun Lukat-Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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9
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Miller DL, Boro BJ, Grubel K, Helm ML, Appel AM. Synthesis and Characterization of a Triphos Ligand Derivative and the Corresponding Pd
II
Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L. Miller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MS K2‐57, Richland, WA 99352, USA, http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7812
| | - Brian J. Boro
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MS K2‐57, Richland, WA 99352, USA, http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7812
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MS K2‐57, Richland, WA 99352, USA, http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7812
| | - Monte L. Helm
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MS K2‐57, Richland, WA 99352, USA, http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7812
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MS K2‐57, Richland, WA 99352, USA, http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7812
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10
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Abstract
Though N2 cleavage on K-promoted Fe surfaces is important in the large-scale Haber-Bosch process, there is still ambiguity about the number of Fe atoms involved during the N-N cleaving step and the interactions responsible for the promoting ability of K. This work explores a molecular Fe system for N2 reduction, particularly focusing on the differences in the results obtained using different alkali metals as reductants (Na, K, Rb, Cs). The products of these reactions feature new types of Fe-N2 and Fe-nitride cores. Surprisingly, adding more equivalents of reductant to the system gives a product in which the N-N bond is not cleaved, indicating that the reducing power is not the most important factor that determines the extent of N2 activation. On the other hand, the results suggest that the size of the alkali metal cation can control the number of Fe atoms that can approach N2, which in turn controls the ability to achieve N2 cleavage. The accumulated results indicate that cleaving the triple N-N bond to nitrides is facilitated by simultaneous approach of least three low-valent Fe atoms to a single molecule of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grubel
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - William
W. Brennessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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11
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Anderson SN, Noble M, Grubel K, Marshall B, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Influence of supporting ligand microenvironment on the aqueous stability and visible light-induced CO-release reactivity of zinc flavonolato species. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.977272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Brooks Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Atta M. Arif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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12
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Machonkin TE, Boshart MD, Schofield JA, Rodriguez MM, Grubel K, Rokhsana D, Brennessel WW, Holland PL. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) ortho-dihalophenolate complexes: insights into metal-halogen secondary bonding. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9837-48. [PMID: 25167329 DOI: 10.1021/ic501424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes incorporating the tris(3,5-diphenylpyrazolyl)borate ligand (Tp(Ph2)) and ortho-dihalophenolates were synthesized and characterized in order to explore metal-halogen secondary bonding in biorelevant model complexes. The complexes Tp(Ph2)ML were synthesized and structurally characterized, where M was Fe(II), Co(II), or Ni(II) and L was either 2,6-dichloro- or 2,6-dibromophenolate. All six complexes exhibited metal-halogen secondary bonds in the solid state, with distances ranging from 2.56 Å for the Tp(Ph2)Ni(2,6-dichlorophenolate) complex to 2.88 Å for the Tp(Ph2)Fe(2,6-dibromophenolate) complex. Variable temperature NMR spectra of the Tp(Ph2)Co(2,6-dichlorophenolate) and Tp(Ph2)Ni(2,6-dichlorophenolate) complexes showed that rotation of the phenolate, which requires loss of the secondary bond, has an activation barrier of ~30 and ~37 kJ/mol, respectively. Density functional theory calculations support the presence of a barrier for disruption of the metal-halogen interaction during rotation of the phenolate. On the other hand, calculations using the spectroscopically calibrated angular overlap method suggest essentially no contribution of the halogen to the ligand-field splitting. Overall, these results provide the first quantitative measure of the strength of a metal-halogen secondary bond and demonstrate that it is a weak noncovalent interaction comparable in strength to a hydrogen bond. These results provide insight into the origin of the specificity of the enzyme 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (PcpA), which is specific for ortho-dihalohydroquinone substrates and phenol inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Machonkin
- Department of Chemistry, Whitman College , Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
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13
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Grubel K, Saraf SL, Anderson SN, Laughlin BJ, Smith RC, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Synthesis, characterization, and photoinduced CO-release reactivity of a Pb(II) flavonolate complex: Comparisons to Group 12 analogs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Pollock CJ, Grubel K, Holland PL, DeBeer S. Experimentally quantifying small-molecule bond activation using valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11803-8. [PMID: 23862983 DOI: 10.1021/ja3116247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work establishes the ability of valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to serve as a direct probe of N2 bond activation. A systematic series of iron-N2 complexes has been experimentally investigated and the energy of a valence-to-core XES peak was correlated with N-N bond length and stretching frequency. Computations demonstrate that, in a simple one-electron picture, this peak arises from the N2 2s2s σ* orbital, which becomes less antibonding as the N-N bond is weakened and broken. Changes as small as 0.02 Å in the N-N bond length may be distinguished using this approach. The results thus establish valence-to-core XES as an effective probe of small molecule activation, which should have broad applicability in transition-metal mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pollock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Allpress CJ, Grubel K, Szajna-Fuller E, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Regioselective aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage by a model system of relevance to iron-containing acireductone dioxygenase. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:659-68. [PMID: 23214721 DOI: 10.1021/ja3038189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear Fe(II) complexes ([(6-Ph(2)TPA)Fe(PhC(O)C(R)C(O)Ph)]X (3-X: R = OH, X = ClO(4) or OTf; 4: R = H, X = ClO(4))) supported by the 6-Ph(2)TPA chelate ligand (6-Ph(2)TPA = N,N-bis((6-phenyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) and containing a β-diketonate ligand bound via a six-membered chelate ring have been synthesized. The complexes have all been characterized by (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and infrared spectroscopy and variably by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Treatment of dry CH(3)CN solutions of 3-OTf with O(2) leads to oxidative cleavage of the C(1)-C(2) and C(2)-C(3) bonds of the acireductone via a dioxygenase reaction, leading to formation of carbon monoxide and 2 equiv of benzoic acid as well as two other products not derived from dioxygenase reactivity: 2-oxo-2-phenylethylbenzoate and benzil. Treatment of CH(3)CN/H(2)O solutions of 3-X with O(2) leads to the formation of an additional product, benzoylformic acid, indicative of the operation of a new reaction pathway in which only the C(1)-C(2) bond is cleaved. Mechanistic studies show that the change in regioselectivity is due to the hydration of a vicinal triketone intermediate in the presence of both an iron center and water. This is the first structural and functional model of relevance to iron-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD'), an enzyme in the methionine salvage pathway that catalyzes the regiospecific oxidation of 1,2-dihydroxy-3-oxo-(S)-methylthiopentene to form 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyrate. Importantly, this model system is found to control the regioselectivity of aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage by changes involving an intermediate in the reaction pathway, rather than by the binding mode of the substrate, as had been proposed in studies of acireductone enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Allpress
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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Grubel K, Marts AR, Greer SM, Tierney DL, Allpress CJ, Anderson SN, Laughlin BJ, Smith RC, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Photoinitiated Dioxygenase-Type Reactivity of Open-Shell 3d Divalent Metal Flavonolato Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
One S less: recent crystallographic studies have revealed a new, oxygen-tolerant kind of iron-sulfide cluster [4Fe-3S], which contains only three rather than four sulfur atoms in its cage (see picture; yellow=S, red=Fe, blue=N, green=cysteine). It is proposed that the cluster's ability to transfer multiple electrons increases the oxygen tolerance by enabling the enzyme to reduce O(2) rapidly, converting the dioxygen into harmless water before it can damage the protein.
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Berreau LM, Borowski T, Grubel K, Allpress CJ, Wikstrom JP, Germain ME, Rybak-Akimova EV, Tierney DL. Mechanistic studies of the O2-dependent aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage reaction of a nickel enolate complex. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1047-57. [PMID: 21222442 DOI: 10.1021/ic1017888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear nickel(II) enolate complex [(6-Ph(2)TPA)Ni(PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph]ClO(4) (I) was the first reactive model complex for the enzyme/substrate (ES) adduct in nickel(II)-containing acireductone dioxygenases (ARDs) to be reported. In this contribution, the mechanism of its O(2)-dependent aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactivity was further investigated. Stopped-flow kinetic studies revealed that the reaction of I with O(2) is second-order overall and is ∼80 times slower at 25 °C than the reaction involving the enolate salt [Me(4)N][PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph]. Computational studies of the reaction of the anion [PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph](-) with O(2) support a hydroperoxide mechanism wherein the first step is a redox process that results in the formation of 1,3-diphenylpropanetrione and HOO(-). Independent experiments indicate that the reaction between 1,3-diphenylpropanetrione and HOO(-) results in oxidative aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage and the formation of benzoic acid, benzoate, and CO:CO(2) (∼12:1). Experiments in the presence of a nickel(II) complex gave a similar product distribution, albeit benzil [PhC(O)C(O)Ph] is also formed, and the CO:CO(2) ratio is ∼1.5:1. The results for the nickel(II)-containing reaction match those found for the reaction of I with O(2) and provide support for a trione/HOO(-) pathway for aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Overall, I is a reasonable structural model for the ES adduct formed in the active site of Ni(II)ARD. However, the presence of phenyl appendages at both C(1) and C(3) in the [PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph](-) anion results in a reaction pathway for O(2)-dependent aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage (via a trione intermediate) that differs from that accessible to C(1)-H acireductone species. This study, as the first detailed investigation of the O(2) reactivity of a nickel(II) enolate complex of relevance to Ni(II)ARD, provides insight toward understanding the chemical factors involved in the O(2) reactivity of metal acireductone species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA.
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Grubel K, Ingle GK, Fuller AL, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Influence of water on the formation of O2-reactive divalent metal enolate complexes of relevance to acireductone dioxygenases. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10609-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Grubel K, Laughlin BJ, Maltais TR, Smith RC, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Photochemically-induced dioxygenase-type CO-release reactivity of group 12 metal flavonolate complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10431-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Grubel K, Rudzka K, Arif AM, Klotz KL, Halfen JA, Berreau LM. Correction to Synthesis, Characterization, and Ligand Exchange Reactivity of a Series of First Row Divalent Metal 3-Hydroxyflavonolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rudzka K, Grubel K, Arif AM, Berreau LM. Hexanickel Enediolate Cluster Generated in an Acireductone Dioxygenase Model Reaction. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7623-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100775m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rudzka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Atta M. Arif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
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Grubel K, Fuller AL, Chambers BM, Arif AM, Berreau LM. O2-dependent aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactivity in a Ni(II) enolate complex having a hydrogen bond donor microenvironment; comparison with a hydrophobic analogue. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:1071-81. [PMID: 20039645 DOI: 10.1021/ic901981y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A mononuclear Ni(II) complex having an acireductone type ligand, and supported by the bnpapa (N,N-bis((6-neopentylamino-2-pyridyl)methyl)-N-((2-pyridyl)methyl)amine) ligand, [(bnpapa)Ni(PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph)]ClO(4) (14), has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, FTIR, and UV-vis. To gain insight into the (1)H NMR features of 14, the air stable analogue complexes [(bnpapa)Ni(CH(3)C(O)CHC(O)CH(3))]ClO(4) (16) and [(bnpapa)Ni(ONHC(O)CH(3))]ClO(4) (17) were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography, (1)H NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, mass spectrometry, and solution conductivity measurements. Compounds 16 and 17 are 1:1 electrolyte species in CH(3)CN. (1)H and (2)H NMR studies of 14, 16, and 17 and deuterated analogues revealed that the complexes having six-membered chelate rings for the exogenous ligand (14 and 16) do not have a plane of symmetry within the solvated cation and thus exhibit more complicated (1)H NMR spectra. Compound 17, as well as other simple Ni(II) complexes of the bnpapa ligand (e.g., [(bnpapa)Ni(ClO(4))(CH(3)CN)]ClO(4) (18) and [(bnpapaNi)(2)(mu-Cl)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (19)), exhibit (1)H NMR spectra consistent with the presence of a plane of symmetry within the cation. Treatment of [(bnpapa)Ni(PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph)]ClO(4) (14) with O(2) results in aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage within the acireductone-type ligand and the formation of [(bnpapa)Ni(O(2)CPh)]ClO(4) (9), benzoic acid, benzil, and CO. Use of (18)O(2) in the reaction gives high levels of incorporation (>80%) of one labeled oxygen atom into 9 and benzoic acid. The product mixture and level of (18)O incorporation in this reaction is different than that exhibited by the analogue supported the hydrophobic 6-Ph(2)TPA ligand, [(6-Ph(2)TPA)Ni(PhC(O)C(OH)C(O)Ph)]ClO(4) (2). We propose that this difference is due to variations in the reactivity of bnpapa- and 6-Ph(2)TPA-ligated Ni(II) complexes with triketone and/or peroxide species produced in the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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Grubel K, Rudzka K, Arif AM, Klotz KL, Halfen JA, Berreau LM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Ligand Exchange Reactivity of a Series of First Row Divalent Metal 3-Hydroxyflavonolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:82-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901405h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grubel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Katarzyna Rudzka
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Atta M. Arif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850
| | - Katie L. Klotz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702
| | - Jason A. Halfen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
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