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Eisner F, Foot G, Yan J, Azzouzi M, Georgiadou DG, Sit WY, Firdaus Y, Zhang G, Lin YH, Yip HL, Anthopoulos TD, Nelson J. Emissive Charge-Transfer States at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions Enable Low Non-Radiative Recombination and High-Performance Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104654. [PMID: 34611947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid devices based on a heterojunction between inorganic and organic semiconductors have offered a means to combine the advantages of both classes of materials in optoelectronic devices, but, in practice, the performance of such devices has often been disappointing. Here, it is demonstrated that charge generation in hybrid inorganic-organic heterojunctions consisting of copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) and a variety of molecular acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, Y6, PC70 BM, C70 , C60 ) proceeds via emissive charge-transfer (CT) states analogous to those found at all-organic heterojunctions. Importantly, contrary to what has been observed at previous organic-inorganic heterojunctions, the dissociation of the CT-exciton and subsequent charge separation is efficient, allowing the fabrication of planar photovoltaic devices with very low non-radiative voltage losses (0.21 ± 0.02 V). It is shown that such low non-radiative recombination enables the fabrication of simple and cost-effective near-IR (NIR) detectors with extremely low dark current (4 pA cm-2 ) and noise spectral density (3 fA Hz-1/2 ) at no external bias, leading to specific detectivities at NIR wavelengths of just under 1013 Jones, close to the performance of commercial silicon photodetectors. It is believed that this work demonstrates the possibility for hybrid heterojunctions to exploit the unique properties of both inorganic and organic semiconductors for high-performance opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Eisner
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Georgie Foot
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dimitra G Georgiadou
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Wai Yu Sit
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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2
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Li B, Kim JM, Amaratunga GAJ. Inorganic Quantum Dot Materials and their Applications in “Organic” Hybrid Solar Cells. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benxuan Li
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
| | - Gehan A. J. Amaratunga
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
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Enhanced Performance of Nanoporous Titanium Dioxide Solar Cells Using Cadmium Sulfide and Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Co-Sensitizers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100467. [PMID: 30965770 PMCID: PMC6418532 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the effect of co-sensitization of nanoporous titanium dioxide using Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the performance of hybrid solar cells. CdS nanolayer with different thicknesses was grown on Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by chemical bath deposition technique with varying deposition times. Both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy measurements of TiO2 electrode sensitized with and without CdS layer confirm that the existence of CdS layer on TiO2 nanoparticles. AFM images of CdS-coated TiO2 nanoparticles show that the surface roughness of the TiO2 nanoparticle samples decreases with increasing CdS deposition times. Current density–voltage and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements were carried out for corresponding solar cells. Both short circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor were optimized at the CdS deposition time of 12 min. On the other hand, a steady and continuous increment in the open circuit voltage (VOC) was observed with increasing CdS deposition time and increased up to 0.81 V when the deposition time was 24 min. This may be attributed to the increased gradual separation of P3HT and TiO2 phases and their isolation at the interfaces. The higher VOC of 0.81 V was due to the higher built-in voltage at the CdS–P3HT interface when compared to that at the TiO2–P3HT interface. Optimized nanoporous TiO2 solar cells with CdS and P3HT co-sensitizers showed external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 40% and 80% at the wavelengths corresponding to strong absorption of the polymer and CdS, respectively. The cells showed an overall average efficiency of over 2.4% under the illumination of 70 mW/cm2 at AM 1.5 condition.
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Jana B, Ghosh A, Patra A. Photon Harvesting in Conjugated Polymer-Based Functional Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4608-4620. [PMID: 28853893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The design of new generation light-harvesting systems based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) is an emerging field of research to convert solar energy into renewable energy. In this Perspective, we focus on the understanding of the light harvesting processes like exciton dynamics, energy transfer, antenna effect, charge carrier dynamics, and other related processes of conjugated polymer-based functional nanomaterials. Spectroscopic investigations unveil the rotational dynamics of the dye molecules inside of PNPs and exciton dynamics of the self-assembled structures. A detailed understanding of the cascade energy transfer for white light and singlet oxygen generation in multiple fluorophores containing a PNP system by time-resolved spectroscopy is highlighted. Finally, ultrafast spectroscopic investigations provide direct insight into the impacts of electron and hole transfer at the interface in the hybrid materials for photocatalysis and photocurrent generation to construct efficient light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Jana
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Long R, Prezhdo OV, Fang W. Nonadiabatic charge dynamics in novel solar cell materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P.R. China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Weihai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P.R. China
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Photovoltaic study of quantum dot-sensitized TiO2/CdS/ZnS solar cell with P3HT or P3OT added. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-016-0972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cappel UB, Moia D, Bruno A, Vaissier V, Haque SA, Barnes PRF. Evidence for photo-induced charge separation between dye molecules adsorbed to aluminium oxide surfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21276. [PMID: 26891851 PMCID: PMC4759562 DOI: 10.1038/srep21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited state dynamics and photo-induced charge transfer of dye molecules have been widely studied due to their relevance for organic and dye-sensitised solar cells. Herein, we present a femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy study of the indolene dye D131 when adsorbed to inert Al2O3 substrates for different surface concentration of the dye. Surprisingly, we find that at high surface concentrations, the first singlet excited state of the dye is converted into a new state with an efficiency of about 80%. We assign the absorption features of this state to the oxidised dye and discuss the possibility of photo-induced charge separation between neighboring dye molecules. Our study is the first to show that this process can be highly efficient without the use of donor and acceptor molecules of different chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute B. Cappel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Davide Moia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Valerie Vaissier
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Rath T, MacLachlan AJ, Brown MD, Haque SA. Structural, optical and charge generation properties of chalcostibite and tetrahedrite copper antimony sulfide thin films prepared from metal xanthates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2015; 3:24155-24162. [PMID: 27019713 PMCID: PMC4786956 DOI: 10.1039/c5ta05777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on a solution based approach for the preparation of thin films of copper antimony sulfide, an emerging absorber material for third generation solar cells. In this work, copper and antimony xanthates are used as precursor materials for the formation of two different copper antimony sulfide phases: chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and tetrahedrite (Cu12Sb4S13). Both phases were thoroughly investigated regarding their structural and optical properties. Moreover, thin films of chalcostibite and tetrahedrite were prepared on mesoporous TiO2 layers and photoinduced charge transfer in these metal sulfide/TiO2 heterojunctions was studied via transient absorption spectroscopy. Photoinduced charge transfer was detected in both the chalcostibite as well as the tetrahedrite sample, which is an essential property in view of applying these materials as light-harvesting agents in semiconductor sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Andrew J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Michael D Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
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Long R, Prezhdo OV. Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis of Excitation Dynamics in a Quantum Dot/Polymer Hybrid: Atomistic Description Rationalizes Experiment. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4274-4281. [PMID: 26061416 DOI: 10.1021/nl5046268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic/inorganic polymer/quantum dot (QD) solar cells are an attractive alternative to the traditional cells. The original, simple models postulate that one-dimensional polymers have continuous energy levels, while zero-dimensional QDs exhibit atom-like electronic structure. A realistic, atomistic viewpoint provides an alternative description. Electronic states in polymers are molecule-like: finite in size and discrete in energy. QDs are composed of many atoms and have high, bulk-like densities of states. We employ ab initio time-domain simulation to model the experimentally observed ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in a QD/polymer hybrid and show that an atomistic description is essential for understanding the time-resolved experimental data. Both electron and hole transfers across the interface exhibit subpicosecond time scales. The interfacial processes are fast due to strong electronic donor-acceptor, as evidenced by the densities of the photoexcited states which are delocalized between the donor and the acceptor. The nonadiabatic charge-phonon coupling is also strong, especially in the polymer, resulting in rapid energy losses. The electron transfer from the polymer is notably faster than the hole transfer from the QD, due to a significantly higher density of acceptor states. The stronger molecule-like electronic and charge-phonon coupling in the polymer rationalizes why the electron-hole recombination inside the polymer is several orders of magnitude faster than in the QD. As a result, experiments exhibit multiple transfer times for the long-lived hole inside the QD, ranging from subpicoseconds to nanoseconds. In contrast, transfer of the short-lived electron inside the polymer does not occur beyond the first picosecond. The energy lost by the hole on its transit into the polymer is accommodated by polymer's high-frequency vibrations. The energy lost by the electron injected into the QD is accommodated primarily by much lower-frequency collective and QD modes. The electron dynamics is exponential, whereas evolution of the injected hole through the low density manifold of states of the polymer is highly nonexponential. The time scale of the electron-hole recombination at the interface is intermediate between those in pristine polymer and QD and is closer to that in the polymer. The detailed atomistic insights into the photoinduced charge and energy dynamics at the polymer/QD interface provide valuable guidelines for optimization of solar light harvesting and photovoltaic efficiency in modern nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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10
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Wang L, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Time-Domain Ab Initio Modeling of Photoinduced Dynamics at Nanoscale Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:549-79. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Run Long
- School of Physics and Complex & Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
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11
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MacLachlan AJ, Rath T, Cappel UB, Dowland SA, Amenitsch H, Knall AC, Buchmaier C, Trimmel G, Nelson J, Haque SA. Polymer/Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells: Influence of Molecular Precursor Design on Film Nanomorphology, Charge Generation and Device Performance. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:409-420. [PMID: 25866496 PMCID: PMC4384757 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201403108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, molecular tuning of metal xanthate precursors is shown to have a marked effect on the heterojunction morphology of hybrid poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/CdS blends and, as a result, the photochemical processes and overall performance of in situ fabricated hybrid solar cells. A series of cadmium xanthate complexes is synthesized for use as in situ precursors to cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in hybrid P3HT/CdS solar cells. The formation of CdS domains is studied by simultaneous GIWAXS (grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering) and GISAXS (grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering), revealing knowledge about crystal growth and the formation of different morphologies observed using TEM (transmission electron microscopy). These measurements show that there is a strong relationship between precursor structure and heterojunction nanomorphology. A combination of TAS (transient absorption spectroscopy) and photovoltaic device performance measurements is used to show the intricate balance required between charge photogeneration and percolated domains in order to effectively extract charges to maximize device power conversion efficiencies. This study presents a strong case for xanthate complexes as a useful route to designing optimal heterojunction morphologies for use in the emerging field of hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells, due to the fact that the nanomorphology can be tuned via careful design of these precursor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ute B Cappel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon A Dowland
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Buchmaier
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Esparza D, Oliva J, López-Luke T, Carriles R, Zarazúa I, De la Rosa E. Current improvement in hybrid quantum dot sensitized solar cells by increased light-scattering with a polymer layer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03280f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the incorporation of a material with efficient electron transport into a Hybrid Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell (HyQDSSC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica
- León
- México
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13
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Lindblad R, Cappel UB, O'Mahony FTF, Siegbahn H, Johansson EMJ, Haque SA, Rensmo H. Energy level alignment in TiO2/metal sulfide/polymer interfaces for solar cell applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17099-107. [PMID: 25007378 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor sensitized solar cell interfaces have been studied with photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the interfacial electronic structures. In particular, the experimental energy level alignment has been determined for complete TiO2/metal sulfide/polymer interfaces. For the metal sulfides CdS, Sb2S3 and Bi2S3 deposited from single source metal xanthate precursors, it was shown that both driving forces for electron injection into TiO2 and hole transfer to the polymer decrease for narrower bandgaps. The energy level alignment results were used in the discussion of the function of solar cells with the same metal sulfides as light absorbers. For example Sb2S3 showed the most favourable energy level alignment with 0.3 eV driving force for electron injection and 0.4 eV driving force for hole transfer and also the most efficient solar cells due to high photocurrent generation. The energy level alignment of the TiO2/Bi2S3 interface on the other hand showed no driving force for electron injection to TiO2, and the performance of the corresponding solar cell was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Lindblad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Freitas JN, Gonçalves AS, Nogueira AF. A comprehensive review of the application of chalcogenide nanoparticles in polymer solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6371-6397. [PMID: 24839190 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review the use of solution-processed chalcogenide quantum dots (CdS, CdSe, PbS, etc.) in hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells is explored. Such devices are known as potential candidates for low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion, and compose the so-called third generation solar cells. The incorporation of oxides and metal nanoparticles has also been successfully achieved in this new class of photovoltaic devices; however, we choose to explore here chalcogenide quantum dots in light of their particularly attractive optical and electronic properties. We address herein a comprehensive review of the historical background and state-of-the-art comprising the incorporation of such nanoparticles in polymer matrices. Later strategies for surface chemistry manipulation, in situ synthesis of nanoparticles, use of continuous 3D nanoparticles network (aerogels) and ternary systems are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian N Freitas
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer - CTI, Rodovia D. Pedro I, Km 143,6, 13069-901, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Han J, Liu Z, Zheng X, Guo K, Zhang X, Hong T, Wang B, Liu J. Trilaminar ZnO/ZnS/Sb2S3 nanotube arrays for efficient inorganic–organic hybrid solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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