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Chen J, Lou YH, Wang ZK. Characterizing Spatial and Energetic Distributions of Trap States Toward Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2305064. [PMID: 37635401 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to their greater opt electric performance, perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) present huge potential to be commercialized. Perovskite PV's high theoretical efficiency expands the available development area. The passivation of defects in perovskite films is crucial for approaching the theoretical limit. In addition to creating efficient passivation techniques, it is essential to direct the passivation approach by getting precise and real-time information on the trap states through measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to establish quantitative characterization methods for the trap states in energy and 3D spaces. The authors cover the characterization of the spatial and energy distributions of trap states in this article with an eye toward high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics. After going over the strategies that have been created for characterizing and evaluating trap states, the authors will concentrate on how to direct the creative development of characterization techniques for trap states assessment and highlight the opportunities and challenges of future development. The 3D space and energy distribution mappings of trap states are anticipated to be realized. The review will give key guiding importance for further approaching the theoretical efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics, offering some future research direction and technological assistance for the development of appropriate targeted passivation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan-Hui Lou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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2
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Gu M, Yan Z, Wu X, Li Z, Dong Y, Wang GL. Trap remediation of CuBi 2O 4 nanopolyhedra via surface self-coordination by H 2O 2: an innovative signaling mode for cathodic photoelectrochemical bioassay. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2954-2962. [PMID: 36722391 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05588k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work conveys a new philosophy of surface self-coordination mediated trap remediation for innovative cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) signal transduction. Initially, the surface trap states of CuBi2O4 nanopolyhedra resulting from dangling bonds can function as charge carrier recombination centers, which suppress the carrier separation efficiency and result in a low photocurrent output. Particularly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) spontaneously interacts with the uncoordinated Cu(II) on the surface of CuBi2O4, enabling efficient elimination of dangling bonds and remedy of trap states, thereby outputting intensified photocurrent readout. Exemplified by Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) as a model target, a tetrahedron DNA (THD)-based strand displacement amplification (SDA) was introduced to manipulate the formation of hemin impregnated G-quadruplex (G-quadruplex/hemin) DNAzyme and the resultant catalytic reduction for H2O2. In addition, a highly efficient and ultra-sensitive PEC sensing platform was achieved for FEN1 detection with a wide linear range from 1.0 fM to 100.0 pM and a detection limit of 0.3 fM (S/N = 3). This work not only establishes a new idea of cathodic PEC signal transduction, but also offers an efficient biosensing platform for FEN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhuying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zaijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Guang-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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3
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Zhang Z, Qiao L, Meng K, Long R, Chen G, Gao P. Rationalization of passivation strategies toward high-performance perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:163-195. [PMID: 36454225 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00217e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown unprecedented development in efficiency and progressed relentlessly in improving stability. All the achievements have been accompanied by diverse passivation strategies to circumvent the pervasive defects in perovskite materials, which play crucial roles in the process of charge recombination, ion migration, and component degradation. Among the tremendous efforts made to solve these issues and achieve high-performance PSCs, we classify and review both well-established and burgeoning passivation strategies to provide further guidance for the passivation protocols in PSCs, including chemical passivation to eliminate defects by the formation of chemical bonds, physical passivation to eliminate defects by strain relaxation or physical treatments, energetic passivation to improve the stability toward light and oxygen, and field-effect passivation to regulate the interfacial carrier behavior. The subtle but non-trivial consequences from various passivation strategies need advanced characterization techniques combining synchrotron-based X-ray analysis, capacitance-based measurements, spatially resolved imaging, fluorescent molecular probe, Kelvin probe force microscope, etc., to scrutinize the mechanisms. In the end, challenges and prospective research directions on advancing these passivation strategies are proposed. Judicious combinations among chemical, physical, energetic, and field-effect passivation deserve more attention for future high-efficiency and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ke Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. .,Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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4
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Instantaneous Photocarrier Transport at the Interface in Perovskite Solar Cells to Generate Photovoltage. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The instantaneous photocarrier transport of perovskite solar cells was evaluated by assessing laser-induced terahertz (THz) emission to understand carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells. The waveform of laser-induced THz radiation from an interface between the TiO2 electron transport layer and perovskite active layer of an n-i-p perovskite solar cell with varying external bias was measured using THz-time domain spectroscopy. The amplitude of the THz radiation decreased with increasing reverse bias voltage. The waveform of the THz radiation was inverted at a strong reverse bias. The measured bias voltage dependence suggests that the transient current generated at the interface between perovskite and TiO2 owing to the higher mobility of electrons than that of holes, namely the photo-Dember effect, is the dominant source of THz radiation and the destructive contribution of the interfacial electric field inverts the transient current when a reverse bias causes a strong interfacial electric field. The significant contribution of the interfacial electric field has not been previously reported in perovskite thin films and is unique to solar cells. We believe that band bending at interfaces in perovskite solar cells will be determined from the THz emission with proper modeling.
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Zu F, Shin D, Koch N. Electronic properties of metal halide perovskites and their interfaces: the basics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:17-24. [PMID: 34816849 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have witnessed tremendous progress of metal halide perovskite (MHP)-based optoelectronic devices, especially in the field of photovoltaics. Despite intensive research in the past few years, questions still remain regarding their fundamental optoelectronic properties, among which the electronic properties exhibit an interplay of numerous phenomena that deserve serious scrutiny. In this Focus article, we aim to provide a contemporary understanding of the unique electronic properties that has been resolved by the community. First introducing some of the basic concepts established in semiconductor physics, the intrinsic and extrinsic electronic properties of the MHPs are disentangled and explained. With this, the complex interplay of interface-, dopant-, and surface state-induced electronic states in determining the electrostatic landscape in the material can be comprehended, and the energy level alignment in device architectures more reliably assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshuo Zu
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dongguen Shin
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Zhao P, Jin B, Zhang Q, Peng R. Fabrication of g-C 3N 4/Bi 2WO 6 as a direct Z-scheme excellent photocatalyst. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve the photocatalytic efficiency of Bi2WO6, two types of g-C3N4 nanomaterial, g-C3N4 quantum dots and nanosheets, were incorporated with Bi2WO6 to construct two kinds of g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Zhao W, Olthof S, Liu SF. Defects in CsPbX 3 Perovskite: From Understanding to Effective Manipulation for High-Performance Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100725. [PMID: 34927958 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of all inorganic metal perovskite (CsPbX3 , X represents halogen) materials holds great promise for top-cells in tandem junctions due to their glorious thermal stability and continuous adjustable band gap in a wide range. Due to the presence of defects, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still substantially below the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. Therefore, it is imperative to have an in-depth understanding of the defects in PSCs, thus to evaluate their impact on device performances and to develop corresponding strategies to manipulate defects in PSCs for further promoting their photoelectric properties. In this review, the latest progress in defect passivation in the CsPbX3 PSCs field is summarized. Starting from the effect of non-radiative recombination on open circuit voltage (Voc ) losses, the defect physics, tolerance, self-healing, and the effect of defects on the photovoltaic properties are discussed. Some techniques to identify defects are compared based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then, passivation manipulation is discussed in detail, the defect passivation mechanisms are proposed, and the passivation agents in CsPbX3 thin films are classified. Finally, directions for future research about defect manipulation that will push the field to progress forward are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wangen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Selina Olthof
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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8
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Luo D, Li X, Dumont A, Yu H, Lu ZH. Recent Progress on Perovskite Surfaces and Interfaces in Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006004. [PMID: 34145654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces and heterojunction interfaces, where defects and energy levels dictate charge-carrier dynamics in optoelectronic devices, are critical for unlocking the full potential of perovskite semiconductors. In this progress report, chemical structures of perovskite surfaces are discussed and basic physical rules for the band alignment are summarized at various perovskite interfaces. Common perovskite surfaces are typically decorated by various compositional and structural defects such as residual surface reactants, discrete nanoclusters, reactions by products, vacancies, interstitials, antisites, etc. Some of these surface species induce deep-level defect states in the forbidden band forming very harmful charge-carrier traps and affect negatively the interface band alignments for achieving optimal device performance. Herein, an overview of research progresses on surface and interface engineering is provided to minimize deep-level defect states. The reviewed subjects include selection of interface and substrate buffer layers for growing better crystals, materials and processing methods for surface passivation, the surface catalyst for microstructure transformations, organic semiconductors for charge extraction or injection, heterojunctions with wide bandgap perovskites or nanocrystals for mitigating defects, and electrode interlayer for preventing interdiffusion and reactions. These surface and interface engineering strategies are shown to be critical in boosting device performance for both solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Luo
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
- Dr. X. Li, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Antoine Dumont
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
- Dr. X. Li, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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9
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Daboczi M, Hamilton I, Xu S, Luke J, Limbu S, Lee J, McLachlan MA, Lee K, Durrant JR, Baikie ID, Kim JS. Origin of Open-Circuit Voltage Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells Investigated by Surface Photovoltage Measurement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46808-46817. [PMID: 31738042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is one of the key strategies for further improvement of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. It requires fundamental understanding of the complex optoelectronic processes related to charge carrier generation, transport, extraction, and their loss mechanisms inside a device upon illumination. Herein, we report the important origin of Voc losses in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPI)-based solar cells, which results from undesirable positive charge (hole) accumulation at the interface between the perovskite photoactive layer and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transport layer. We show strong correlation between the thickness-dependent surface photovoltage and device performance, unraveling that the interfacial charge accumulation leads to charge carrier recombination and results in a large decrease in Voc for the PEDOT:PSS/MAPI inverted devices (180 mV reduction in 50 nm thick device compared to 230 nm thick one). In contrast, accumulated positive charges at the TiO2/MAPI interface modify interfacial energy band bending, which leads to an increase in Voc for the TiO2/MAPI conventional devices (70 mV increase in 50 nm thick device compared to 230 nm thick one). Our results provide an important guideline for better control of interfaces in perovskite solar cells to improve device performance further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinho Lee
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwanghee Lee
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Iain D Baikie
- KP Technology , Burn Street , Wick KW1 5EH , Caithness, U.K
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10
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Wang RT, Xu AF, Chen JY, Yang LW, Xu G, Jarvis V, Britten JF. Reversing Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Degradation in Water via pH and Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7245-7250. [PMID: 31689109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The moisture instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has been a major obstacle to the commercialization, calling for mechanistic understanding of the degradation process, which has been under debate. Here we present a surprising discovery that the degradation is actually reversible, via in situ observation of X-ray diffraction, supported by FTIR and SEM. To isolate the hydrogen bond effect, water was replaced by methanol during the in situ experiment, revealing the decomposition to be initiated by the breakdown of N-H-I hydrogen bonds. This is followed by the step of organic iodide hydrolyzing, which can be inhibited in the neutral environment, making the whole process reversible under variable pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Taoran Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Alex Fan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Jason Yuanzhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Lory Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Gu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Victoria Jarvis
- MAX Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - James F Britten
- MAX Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
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11
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Contactless measurements of photocarrier transport properties in perovskite single crystals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1591. [PMID: 30962444 PMCID: PMC6453944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable properties of metal halide perovskites arising from their impressive charge carrier diffusion lengths have led to rapid advances in solution-processed optoelectronics. Unfortunately, diffusion lengths reported in perovskite single crystals have ranged widely - from 3 μm to 3 mm - for ostensibly similar materials. Here we report a contactless method to measure the carrier mobility and further extract the diffusion length: our approach avoids both the effects of contact resistance and those of high electric field. We vary the density of quenchers - epitaxially included within perovskite single crystals - and report the dependence of excited state lifetime in the perovskite on inter-quencher spacing. Our results are repeatable and self-consistent (i.e. they agree on diffusion length for many different quencher concentrations) to within ± 6%. Using this method, we obtain a diffusion length in metal-halide perovskites of 2.6 μm ± 0.1 μm.
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12
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Giridharagopal R, Precht JT, Jariwala S, Collins L, Jesse S, Kalinin SV, Ginger DS. Time-Resolved Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy of Layered Perovskites Reveals Spatial Variations in Photoinduced Ionic and Electronic Carrier Motion. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2812-2821. [PMID: 30726060 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We study light-induced dynamics in thin films comprising Ruddlesden-Popper phases of the layered 2D perovskite (C4H9NH3)2PbI4. We probe ionic and electronic carrier dynamics using two complementary scanning probe methods, time-resolved G-mode Kelvin probe force microscopy and fast free time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy, as a function of position, time, and illumination. We show that the average surface photovoltage sign is dominated by the band bending at the buried perovskite-substrate interface. However, the film exhibits substantial variations in the spatial and temporal response of the photovoltage. Under illumination, the photovoltage equilibrates over hundreds of microseconds, a time scale associated with ionic motion and trapped electronic carriers. Surprisingly, we observe that the surface photovoltage of the 2D grain centers evolves more rapidly in time than at the grain boundaries. We propose that the slower evolution at grain boundaries is due to a combination of ion migration occurring between PbI4 planes, as well as electronic carriers traversing grain boundary traps, thereby changing the time-dependent band unbending at grain boundaries. These results provide a model for the photoinduced dynamics in 2D perovskites and are a useful basis for interpreting photovoltage dynamics on hybrid 2D/3D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Giridharagopal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Jake T Precht
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Sarthak Jariwala
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37830 , United States
| | - Stephen Jesse
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37830 , United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37830 , United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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13
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Zhang F, Ullrich F, Silver S, Kerner RA, Rand BP, Kahn A. Complexities of Contact Potential Difference Measurements on Metal Halide Perovskite Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:890-896. [PMID: 30739454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the stability of metal halide perovskite (MHP) surfaces is of considerable interest for the development of devices based on these materials. We present here a vacuum-based study of the surface potential and response to illumination of two different types of perovskite films, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and the 2D Ruddlesden-Popper phase butylammonium lead iodide (BA2PbI4, n = 1), using Kelvin probe-based contact potential difference and surface photovoltage measurements. We show that supraband gap light irradiation can induce the loss of halide species, which adsorb on the Kelvin probe tip, inducing quasi-irreversible changes of the MHP surface and tip work functions. If undetected, this can lead to misinterpretations of the MHP surface potential. Our results illustrate the effectiveness of the Kelvin probe-based technique in providing complementary information on the energetics of perovskite surfaces and the necessity to monitor the work function of the probe to avoid erroneous conclusions when working on these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Florian Ullrich
- Materials Science Department , Technische Universität Darmstadt , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Scott Silver
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Ross A Kerner
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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14
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Ponchai J, Kaewurai P, Boonthum C, Pinsuwan K, Supasai T, Sahasithiwat S, Kanjanaboos P. Modifying morphology and defects of low-dimensional, semi-transparent perovskite thin films via solvent type. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12047-12054. [PMID: 35517027 PMCID: PMC9063515 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(PEA)2(MA)n−1PbnIn+1Br2n perovskites are semi-transparent, color-tunable thin films with broader band gaps. They have the potential for semi-transparent solar cell and smart window applications. Solvent engineering significantly alters the morphology, absorbance, crystallinity, charge separation, and defects, thereby influencing the optoelectronic properties. Herein, we investigated the effect of the solvent type on the low dimensional, mixed halide perovskite thin films (n = 1, 3, and 5) and identified DMF : DMSO = 8 : 2 as the most suitable solvent. The mixed solvent regulated the growth rate of perovskites, which led to the smooth morphology and larger crystallite size. Through surface photovoltage spectroscopy and time resolved photoluminescence, good charge separation and low defects were linked to DD82 usage. Low dimensional perovskites via DMF : DMSO = 8 : 2 with potential for semi-transparent solar cell led to superior surface morphology with large crystallite size and low defects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitprabhat Ponchai
- School of Materials Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Paphada Kaewurai
- School of Materials Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Chirapa Boonthum
- School of Materials Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Kusuma Pinsuwan
- School of Materials Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Thidarat Supasai
- Department of Materials Science
- Faculty of Science
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
- Thailand
| | | | - Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos
- School of Materials Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
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15
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Ding J, Lian Z, Li Y, Wang S, Yan Q. The Role of Surface Defects in Photoluminescence and Decay Dynamics of High-Quality Perovskite MAPbI 3 Single Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4221-4226. [PMID: 29996054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have recently been a star semiconductor material in photovoltaic field owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. An in-depth understanding of the photoluminescence and carrier diffusion in these materials may facilitate the implementation of high-performance optolelctronic devices. Here, we report an unusual photoluminescence quenching phenomenon in MAPbI3 single crystals. Interestingly, MAPbI3 single crystal with higher crystalline quality shows a lower photoluminescence emission and a shorter decay time, indicating the surface imperfection plays an important role to the photoluminescence. The quick quenching process is attributed to the synergistic effect of localized effect at the defects and rapid inward diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhipeng Lian
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Department of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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16
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Nakazaki J, Segawa H. Evolution of organometal halide solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Tan F, Xu W, Hu X, Yu P, Zhang W. Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with CdSe QDs/LiF Electron Transporting Layer. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:614. [PMID: 29214502 PMCID: PMC5718992 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell has emerged as a very promising candidate for the next generation of near-commercial photovoltaic devices. Here in this work, we focus on the inverted perovskite solar cells and have found that remarkable photovoltaic performance could be obtained when using cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) as electron transporting layer (ETL) and lithium fluoride (LiF) as the buffer, with respect to the traditionally applied and high-cost [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The easily processed and low-cost CdSe QDs/LiF double layer could facilitate convenient electron-transfer and collection at the perovskite/cathode interface, promoting an optoelectric conversion efficiency of as high as 15.1%, very close to that with the traditional PCBM ETL. Our work provides another promising choice on the ETL materials for the highly efficient and low-cost perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Weizhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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18
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Xu W, Tan F, Liu X, Zhang W, Qu S, Wang Z, Wang Z. Efficient Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cell Integrating Polymer Nanowires and Inorganic Nanotetrapods. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:11. [PMID: 28058645 PMCID: PMC5216000 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a highly efficient bulk-heterojunction is of critical importance to the hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells. Here in this work, we introduce a novel hybrid architecture containing P3HT nanowire and CdSe nanotetrapod as bicontinuous charge channels for holes and electrons, respectively. Compared to the traditionally applied P3HT molecules, the well crystallized P3HT nanowires qualify an enhanced light absorption at the long wavelength as well as strengthened charge carrier transport in the hybrid active layer. Accordingly, based on efficient dissociation of photogenerated excitons, the interpercolation of these two nano-building blocks allows a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 1.7% in the hybrid solar cell, up to 42% enhancement compared to the reference solar cell with traditional P3HT molecules as electron donor. Our work provides a promising hybrid structure for efficient organic/inorganic bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technique, Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Furui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technique, Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technique, Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technique, Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shengchun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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19
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Levine I, Hodes G, Snaith HJ, Nayak PK. How to Avoid Artifacts in Surface Photovoltage Measurements: A Case Study with Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2941-2943. [PMID: 28679216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igal Levine
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel , 76100
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel , 76100
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom , OX1 3PU
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom , OX1 3PU
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20
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Kedem N, Kulbak M, Brenner TM, Hodes G, Cahen D. Type-inversion as a working mechanism of high voltage MAPbBr3(Cl)-based halide perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5753-5762. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Levine I, Gupta S, Brenner TM, Azulay D, Millo O, Hodes G, Cahen D, Balberg I. Mobility-Lifetime Products in MAPbI 3 Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5219-5226. [PMID: 27973905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic solar cells operate under steady-state conditions that are established during the charge carrier excitation and recombination. However, to date no model of the steady-state recombination scenario in halide perovskites has been proposed. In this Letter we present such a model that is based on a single type of recombination center, which is deduced from our measurements of the illumination intensity dependence of the photoconductivity and the ambipolar diffusion length in those materials. The relation between the present results and those from time-resolved measurements, such as photoluminescence that are commonly reported in the literature, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Levine
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Satyajit Gupta
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas M Brenner
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Doron Azulay
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Oded Millo
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Isaac Balberg
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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22
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Chilvery A, Das S, Guggilla P, Brantley C, Sunda-Meya A. A perspective on the recent progress in solution-processed methods for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:650-658. [PMID: 27877911 PMCID: PMC5101873 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1226120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were developed in 2009 and have led to a number of significant improvements in clean energy technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has increased exponentially and currently stands at 22%. PSCs are transforming photovoltaic (PV) technology, outpacing many established PV technologies through their versatility and roll-to-roll manufacturing compatibility. The viability of low-temperature and solution-processed manufacturing has further improved their viability. This article provides a brief overview of the stoichiometry of perovskite materials, the engineering behind various modes of manufacturing by solution processing methods, and recommendations for future research to achieve large-scale manufacturing of high efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwith Chilvery
- Department of Physics and Dual Engineering, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Anderson Sunda-Meya
- Department of Physics and Dual Engineering, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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23
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Yuan M, Zhang X, Kong J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Tian Q, Meng Y, Wu S, Kou D. Controlling the Band Gap to Improve Open-Circuit Voltage in Metal Chalcogenide based Perovskite Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Kutes Y, Zhou Y, Bosse JL, Steffes J, Padture NP, Huey BD. Mapping the Photoresponse of CH3NH3PbI3 Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3434-41. [PMID: 27116651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on thin films of organolead trihalide perovskites (OTPs) hold unprecedented promise for low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics (PVs) of the future. While PV performance parameters of PSCs, such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and maximum power, are always measured at the macroscopic scale, it is necessary to probe such photoresponses at the nanoscale to gain key insights into the fundamental PV mechanisms and their localized dependence on the OTP thin-film microstructure. Here we use photoconductive atomic force microscopy spectroscopy to map for the first time variations of PV performance at the nanoscale for planar PSCs based on hole-transport-layer free methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) thin films. These results reveal substantial variations in the photoresponse that correlate with thin-film microstructural features such as intragrain planar defects, grains, grain boundaries, and notably also grain-aggregates. The insights gained into such microstructure-localized PV mechanisms are essential for guiding microstructural tailoring of OTP films for improved PV performance in future PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Kutes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - James L Bosse
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James Steffes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nitin P Padture
- School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Bryan D Huey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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25
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Tan F, Wang Z, Qu S, Cao D, Liu K, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Pang S, Zhang W, Lei Y, Wang Z. A CdSe thin film: a versatile buffer layer for improving the performance of TiO2 nanorod array:PbS quantum dot solar cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10198-204. [PMID: 27124650 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To fully utilize the multiple exciton generation effects in quantum dots and improve the overall efficiency of the corresponding photovoltaic devices, nanostructuralizing the electron conducting layer turns out to be a feasible strategy. Herein, PbS quantum dot solar cells were fabricated on the basis of morphologically optimized TiO2 nanorod arrays. By inserting a thin layer of CdSe quantum dots into the interface of TiO2 and PbS, a dramatic enhancement in the power conversion efficiency from 4.2% to 5.2% was realized and the resulting efficiency is one of the highest values for quantum dot solar cells based on nanostructuralized buffer layers. The constructed double heterojunction with a cascade type-II energy level alignment is beneficial for promoting photogenerated charge separation and reducing charge recombination, thereby responsible for the performance improvement, as revealed by steady-state analyses as well as ultra-fast photoluminescence and photovoltage decays. Thus this paper provides a good buffer layer to the community of quantum dot solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Department of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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26
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Yang F, Xi J, Gan LY, Wang Y, Lu S, Ma W, Cai F, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Zhao Y. Improved charge transfer and photoelectrochemical performance of CuI/Sb 2 S 3 /TiO 2 heterostructure nanotube arrays. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 464:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Harwell JR, Baikie TK, Baikie ID, Payne JL, Ni C, Irvine JTS, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW. Probing the energy levels of perovskite solar cells via Kelvin probe and UV ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19738-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of the energy levels present in a perovskite solar cell using Kelvin probe and UV air photoemission measurements. By constructing a detailed map of the energy levels in the system we are able to predict the maximum open circuit voltage of the solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Harwell
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
| | - T. K. Baikie
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
| | | | - J. L. Payne
- EaSTChem
- School of Chemistry
- St Andrews University
- UK
| | - C. Ni
- EaSTChem
- School of Chemistry
- St Andrews University
- UK
| | | | - G. A. Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
| | - I. D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
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28
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Ponseca CS, Hutter EM, Piatkowski P, Cohen B, Pascher T, Douhal A, Yartsev A, Sundström V, Savenije TJ. Mechanism of Charge Transfer and Recombination Dynamics in Organo Metal Halide Perovskites and Organic Electrodes, PCBM, and Spiro-OMeTAD: Role of Dark Carriers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16043-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Departamento
de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquimica,
and INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Boiko Cohen
- Departamento
de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquimica,
and INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Abderrazzak Douhal
- Departamento
de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquimica,
and INAMOL, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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29
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O’Regan BC, Barnes PRF, Li X, Law C, Palomares E, Marin-Beloqui JM. Optoelectronic Studies of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Mesoporous TiO2: Separation of Electronic and Chemical Charge Storage, Understanding Two Recombination Lifetimes, and the Evolution of Band Offsets during J–V Hysteresis. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5087-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. O’Regan
- Chemistry
Department, Imperial College, 1 Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Piers R. F. Barnes
- Physics
Department, Imperial College, 1 Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Xiaoe Li
- Chemistry
Department, Imperial College, 1 Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Chunhung Law
- Chemistry
Department, Imperial College, 1 Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans,16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys, 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Marin-Beloqui
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans,16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
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30
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Li N, Wang H, Lin Q, Shen H, Wang A, Qian L, Guo F, Li LS. Size-dependent surface photovoltage in CdSe nanocrystal-based thin films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) has been employed to study the photovoltage responses of CdSe nanocrystal-based heterojunctions with and without ZnO particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Hongzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Qingli Lin
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Aqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Lei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- China
| | - Lin Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
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31
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Gottesman R, Haltzi E, Gouda L, Tirosh S, Bouhadana Y, Zaban A, Mosconi E, De Angelis F. Extremely Slow Photoconductivity Response of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites Suggesting Structural Changes under Working Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2662-2669. [PMID: 26277960 DOI: 10.1021/jz501373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoconductivity measurements of CH3NH3PbI3 deposited between two dielectric-protected Au electrodes show extremely slow response. The CH3NH3PbI3, bridging a gap of ∼2000 nm, was subjected to a DC bias and cycles of 5 min illumination and varying dark duration. The approach to steady -state photocurrent lasted tens of seconds with a strong dependence on the dark duration preceding the illumination. On the basis of DFT calculations, we propose that under light + bias the methylammonium ions are freed to rotate and align along the electric field, thus modifying the structure of the inorganic scaffold. While ions alignment is expected to be fast, the adjustment of the inorganic scaffold seems to last seconds as reflected in the extremely slow photoconductivity response. We propose that under working conditions a modified, photostable, perovskite structure is formed, depending on the bias and illumination parameters. Our findings seem to clarify the origin of the well-known hysteresis in perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Gottesman
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eynav Haltzi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laxman Gouda
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Shay Tirosh
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Yaniv Bouhadana
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Arie Zaban
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), CNR-ISTM, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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