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Reviakine I. Quartz crystal microbalance in soft and biological interfaces. Biointerphases 2024; 19:010801. [PMID: 38416603 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Applications of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation to studying soft and biological interfaces are reviewed. The focus is primarily on data analysis through viscoelastic modeling and a model-free approach focusing on the acoustic ratio. Current challenges and future research and development directions are discussed.
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Qi S, Kiratzis I, Adoni P, Tuekprakhon A, Hill HJ, Stamataki Z, Nabi A, Waugh D, Rodriguez JR, Clarke SM, Fryer PJ, Zhang ZJ. Porous Cellulose Thin Films as Sustainable and Effective Antimicrobial Surface Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20638-20648. [PMID: 36988094 PMCID: PMC10165601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we developed an effective antimicrobial surface film based on sustainable microfibrillated cellulose. The resulting porous cellulose thin film is barely noticeable to human eyes due to its submicrometer thickness, of which the surface coverage, porosity, and microstructure can be modulated by the formulations and the coating process. Using goniometers and a quartz crystal microbalance, we observed a threefold reduction in water contact angles and accelerated water evaporation kinetics on the cellulose film (more than 50% faster than that on a flat glass surface). The porous cellulose film exhibits a rapid inactivation effect against SARS-CoV-2 in 5 min, following deposition of virus-loaded droplets, and an exceptional ability to reduce contact transfer of liquid, e.g., respiratory droplets, to surfaces such as an artificial skin by 90% less than that from a planar glass substrate. It also shows excellent antimicrobial performance in inhibiting the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis) due to the intrinsic porosity and hydrophilicity. Additionally, the cellulose film shows nearly 100% resistance to scraping in dry conditions due to its strong affinity to the supporting substrate but with good removability once wetted with water, suggesting its practical suitability for daily use. Importantly, the coating can be formed on solid substrates readily by spraying, which requires solely a simple formulation of a plant-based cellulose material with no chemical additives, rendering it a scalable, affordable, and green solution as antimicrobial surface coating. Implementing such cellulose films could thus play a significant role in controlling future pan- and epidemics, particularly during the initial phase when suitable medical intervention needs to be developed and deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Qi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Ioannis Kiratzis
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Pavan Adoni
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Institute
of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Harriet James Hill
- Institute
of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Institute
of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Aneesa Nabi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - David Waugh
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2JH, U.K.
| | | | | | - Peter J. Fryer
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zhenyu J. Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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Lan J, Wang P, Lu Y. Monitoring the evaporation of a sessile water droplet with a chromatic confocal measurement system. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6141-6144. [PMID: 37219192 DOI: 10.1364/ol.476209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a chromatic confocal measurement system with high stability and accuracy is presented to monitor the evaporation of a sessile water droplet. The stability and accuracy of the system are tested by measuring the thickness of a cover glass. To compensate for the measurement error caused by the lensing effect of the sessile water droplet, a spherical cap model is proposed. Together with the parallel plate model, the contact angle of the water droplet can also be obtained. The evaporation process of sessile water droplet under different environment is monitored experimentally in this work, which demonstrates the potential application of chromatic confocal measurement system in the field of experimental fluid dynamics.
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Hsu CC, Lee YA, Wu CH, Kumar CS. Self-propelled sessile droplets on a superheated and heterogeneous wetting surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leppin C, Hampel S, Meyer FS, Langhoff A, Fittschen UEA, Johannsmann D. A Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Which Tracks Four Overtones in Parallel with a Time Resolution of 10 Milliseconds: Application to Inkjet Printing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5915. [PMID: 33092072 PMCID: PMC7589769 DOI: 10.3390/s20205915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is described, which simultaneously determines resonance frequency and bandwidth on four different overtones. The time resolution is 10 milliseconds. This fast, multi-overtone QCM is based on multi-frequency lockin amplification. Synchronous interrogation of overtones is needed, when the sample changes quickly and when information on the sample is to be extracted from the comparison between overtones. The application example is thermal inkjet-printing. At impact, the resonance frequencies change over a time shorter than 10 milliseconds. There is a further increase in the contact area, evidenced by an increasing common prefactor to the shifts in frequency, Δf, and half-bandwidth, ΔΓ. The ratio ΔΓ/(-Δf), which quantifies the energy dissipated per time and unit area, decreases with time. Often, there is a fast initial decrease, lasting for about 100 milliseconds, followed by a slower decrease, persisting over the entire drying time (a few seconds). Fitting the overtone dependence of Δf(n) and ΔΓ(n) with power laws, one finds power-law exponents of about 1/2, characteristic of semi-infinite Newtonian liquids. The power-law exponents corresponding to Δf(n) slightly increase with time. The decrease of ΔΓ/(-Δf) and the increase of the exponents are explained by evaporation and formation of a solid film at the resonator surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leppin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (F.S.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Sven Hampel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (S.H.); (U.E.A.F.)
| | - Frederick Sebastian Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (F.S.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Arne Langhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (F.S.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Ursula Elisabeth Adriane Fittschen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (S.H.); (U.E.A.F.)
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (C.L.); (F.S.M.); (A.L.)
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The Role of Wettability on the Response of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Loaded with a Sessile Droplet. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17289. [PMID: 31754259 PMCID: PMC6872598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the interaction between a sessile droplet’s contact angle and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is elucidated. We differentiate the QCM’s frequency response to changes in the droplet contact area from variations in the dynamic contact angle. This is done by developing a computational model that couples the electrical and mechanical analysis of the quartz substrate with the visco-acoustic behavior of the sessile droplet. From our analysis, we conclude that changes in the contact angle have an effect on the frequency response of the QCM when the droplet height is on the order of the viscous decay length or smaller. On the other hand, changes in the interfacial contact area of the sessile droplets have a significant impact on the frequency response of the QCM regardless of the droplet size.
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Kaur K, Mohammadpour R, Jaramillo IC, Ghandehari H, Reilly C, Paine R, Kelly KE. Application of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Measure the Mass Concentration of Combustion Particle Suspensions. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2019; 137:105445. [PMID: 32863423 PMCID: PMC7448758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Researchers studying the biological effects of combustion particles typically rely on suspending particles in de-ionized (DI) water, buffer, and/or media prior to in vitro or in vivo experiments. However, the hydrophobic nature of combustion particles makes it difficult to obtain well-suspended, evenly dispersed mixtures, which also makes it difficult to obtain equivalent dosing and endpoint comparisons. This study explored the use of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to measure the mass concentration of combustion particle suspensions. It compared the QCM mass concentration to that estimated by placing a known mass of combustion particles in DI water. It also evaluated the effect of drop volume and combustion particle type on QCM measurements. The results showed that QCM is a promising direct method for measuring suspended combustion particle mass concentrations, and it is particularly effective for quantifying concentrations of difficult-to-suspend particles and for combustion particles placed in polystyrene containers, which can lead to substantial particle losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah
| | - Kerry E. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
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Kaur K, Jaramillo IC, Mohammadpour R, Sturrock A, Ghandehari H, Reilly C, Paine R, Kelly KE. Effect of collection methods on combustion particle physicochemical properties and their biological response in a human macrophage-like cell line. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:1170-1185. [PMID: 31342848 PMCID: PMC6801061 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1632626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies are a first step toward understanding the biological effects of combustion-derived particulate matter (cdPM). A vast majority of studies expose cells to cdPM suspensions, which requires a method to collect cdPM and suspend it in an aqueous media. The consequences of different particle collection methods on particle physiochemical properties and resulting biological responses are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of two common approaches (collection on a filter and a cold plate) and one relatively new (direct bubbling in DI water) approach to particle collection. The three approaches yielded cdPM with differences in particle size distribution, surface area, composition, and oxidative potential. The directly bubbled sample retained the smallest sized particles and the bimodal distribution observed in the gas-phase. The bubbled sample contained ∼50% of its mass as dissolved species and lower molecular weight compounds, not found in the other two samples. These differences in the cdPM properties affected the biological responses in THP-1 cells. The bubbled sample showed greater oxidative potential and cellular reactive oxygen species. The scraped sample induced the greatest TNFα secretion. These findings have implications for in vitro studies of air pollution and for efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Sturrock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah
| | - Kerry E. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah
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Prasad A, Lin ATH, Rao VR, Seshia AA. Monitoring sessile droplet evaporation on a micromechanical device. Analyst 2014; 139:5538-46. [PMID: 25199661 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bulk acoustic mode micro-electro-mechanical dual resonator platform is utilised to study the evaporation of sub-microliter water droplets from the surface of the resonator. An analytical formulation for the observed frequency shift and the measure dependence of resonant frequency on the modes of evaporation which is consistent with the optically derived data. The resonators access only a thin layer of the liquid through shear contact and, hence, the response is not affected by the bulk mass of the droplet to first order. A relationship between the droplet contact area and the elapsed time was established for the evaporation process and is used to derive a value of the diffusion coefficient of water in air that is found to be in reasonable agreement with literature values. This work introduces a new tool for the electro-mechanical monitoring of droplet evaporation with relevance to applications such as biosensing in liquid samples of sub-microliter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prasad
- Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK.
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10
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Erbil HY. Evaporation of pure liquid sessile and spherical suspended drops: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 170:67-86. [PMID: 22277832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A sessile drop is an isolated drop which has been deposited on a solid substrate where the wetted area is limited by a contact line and characterized by contact angle, contact radius and drop height. Diffusion-controlled evaporation of a sessile drop in an ambient gas is an important topic of interest because it plays a crucial role in many scientific applications such as controlling the deposition of particles on solid surfaces, in ink-jet printing, spraying of pesticides, micro/nano material fabrication, thin film coatings, biochemical assays, drop wise cooling, deposition of DNA/RNA micro-arrays, and manufacture of novel optical and electronic materials in the last decades. This paper presents a review of the published articles for a period of approximately 120 years related to the evaporation of both sessile drops and nearly spherical droplets suspended from thin fibers. After presenting a brief history of the subject, we discuss the basic theory comprising evaporation of micrometer and millimeter sized spherical drops, self cooling on the drop surface and evaporation rate of sessile drops on solids. The effects of drop cooling, resultant lateral evaporative flux and Marangoni flows on evaporation rate are also discussed. This review also has some special topics such as drop evaporation on superhydrophobic surfaces, determination of the receding contact angle from drop evaporation, substrate thermal conductivity effect on drop evaporation and the rate evaporation of water in liquid marbles.
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Theisen J, Davoust L. Dual-frequency electrowetting: application to drop evaporation gauging within a digital microsystem. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1041-1048. [PMID: 22054097 DOI: 10.1021/la203645t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses a method to estimate the size of a sessile drop and to measure its evaporation kinetics by making use of both Michelson interferometry and coplanar electrowetting. From a high-frequency electrowetting voltage, the contact angle of the sessile droplet is monitored to permanently obtain a half-liquid sphere, thus complying perfectly with the drop evaporation theory based on a constant contact angle (Bexon, R.; Picknett, R. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1977, 61, 336-350). Low-frequency modulation of the electrowetting actuation is also applied to cause droplet shape oscillations and capillary resonance. Interferometry allows us to measure a time-dependent capillary spectrum and, in particular, the shift in natural frequencies induced by drop evaporation. Consequently, diffusive kinetics of drop evaporation can be properly estimated, as demonstrated. Because of coplanar electrode configuration, our methodology can be integrated in open and covered microsystems, such as digital lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Theisen
- Microfluidics Group, Laboratory of Geophysical and Industrial Fluid Flows (LEGI), University of Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Hodges CS, Ding Y, Biggs S. The influence of nanoparticle shape on the drying of colloidal suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 352:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu C, Bonaccurso E. Microcantilever sensors for monitoring the evaporation of microdrops of pure liquids and mixtures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:013702. [PMID: 20113102 DOI: 10.1063/1.3276716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe in detail a nonimaging technique that allows the measurement of the mass, the radius, and the contact angle of evaporating sessile microdrops of pure liquids and binary mixtures. The microdrops were deposited onto hydrophobized silicon microcantilevers whose bending and resonance frequency were monitored during drop evaporation. We verify the laws of evaporation kinetics for microdrops with diameters from 80 down to 10 microm. The evaporation of mixtures of water/ethanol drops confirmed previous results with millimeter sized drops. N,N-dimethylformamide drops undergo a transformation from an initial spherical shape to a thin film. Flattening of the drop causes a slowdown of the evaporation kinetics at the end. Two concurring factors are at its origin: the rising disjoining pressure stabilizes the thin liquid film and the increasing radius of curvature of the drop reduces the vapor pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Zhuang H, Lu P, Lim SP, Lee HP. Study of the evaporation of colloidal suspension droplets with the quartz crystal microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8373-8378. [PMID: 18616226 DOI: 10.1021/la800661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, we report the application of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to study the evaporation of colloidal suspension droplets. Droplets of alumina particle suspensions with varying particle size and solid concentration have been investigated. Characteristic responses of the resonance frequency of the QCM associated with the different evaporation stages have been established. Quantitative analysis of the experimental results has been performed by the proposed QCM models. An interesting finding is that frequency increase after complete drying has been observed in some cases. Interpretation of the frequency increase has been developed in terms of the contact stiffness. The possible physical mechanisms are also discussed and quantified in terms of various interparticle forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576 Singapore.
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Arcamone J, Dujardin E, Rius G, Pérez-Murano F, Ondarçuhu T. Evaporation of Femtoliter Sessile Droplets Monitored with Nanomechanical Mass Sensors. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:13020-7. [PMID: 17958352 DOI: 10.1021/jp075714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Arcamone
- CNM-IMB (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and NanoSciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Erik Dujardin
- CNM-IMB (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and NanoSciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Gemma Rius
- CNM-IMB (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and NanoSciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- CNM-IMB (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and NanoSciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Thierry Ondarçuhu
- CNM-IMB (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, and NanoSciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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Shen D, Kang Q, Li X, Cai H, Wang Y. Different experimental results for the influence of immersion angle on the resonant frequency of a quartz crystal microbalance in a liquid phase: With a comment. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 593:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Monitor adsorption of acetone vapor to a room temperature ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide by a langasite crystal resonator. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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