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Rodríguez-Lavado J, Alarcón-Espósito J, Mallea M, Lorente A. A new paradigm shift in antidepressant therapy? From dual-action to multitarget-directed ligands. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4896-4922. [PMID: 35301942 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220317121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder is a chronic, recurring, and potentially fatal disease affecting up to 20% of the global population. Since the monoamine hypothesis was proposed more than 60 years ago, only a few relevant advances have been achieved, with very little disease course changing, from a pharmacological perspective. Moreover, since negative efficacy studies with novel molecules are frequent, many pharmaceutical companies have put new studies on hold. Fortunately, relevant clinical studies are currently being performed, and extensive striving is being developed by universities, research centers, and other public and private institutions. Depression is no longer considered a simple disease but a multifactorial one. New research fields are emerging in what could be a paradigm shift: the multitarget approach beyond monoamines. In this review, we summarize the present and the past of antidepressant drug discovery, with the aim to shed some light on the current state of the art in clinical and preclinical advances to face this increasingly devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rodríguez-Lavado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jazmín Alarcón-Espósito
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Mallea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Lorente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Savateev KV, Slepukhin PA, Kotovskaya SK, Charushin VN, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Atom-efficient synthesis of hybrid molecules combining fragments of triazolopyrimidines and 3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethyl-6-fluoroquinolin-4(1H)-one through 1,2,3-triazole linker. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Grieco I, Bissaro M, Tiz DB, Perez DI, Perez C, Martinez A, Redenti S, Mariotto E, Bortolozzi R, Viola G, Cozza G, Spalluto G, Moro S, Federico S. Developing novel classes of protein kinase CK1δ inhibitors by fusing [1,2,4]triazole with different bicyclic heteroaromatic systems. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113331. [PMID: 33721670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK1δ expression and activity is involved in different pathological situations that include neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, protein kinase CK1δ has become a possible therapeutic target for these conditions. 5,6-fused bicyclic heteroaromatic systems that resemble adenine of ATP represent optimal scaffolds for the development of a new class of ATP competitive CK1δ inhibitors. In particular, a new series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines was developed. Some crucial interactors have been identified, such as the presence of a free amino group able to interact with the residues of the hinge region at the 5- and 7- positions of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine scaffolds, respectively; or the presence of a 3-hydroxyphenyl or 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl moiety at the 2- position of both nuclei. Molecular modeling studies identified the key interactions involved in the inhibitor-protein recognition process that appropriately fit with the outlined structure-activity relationship. Considering the fact that the CK1 protein kinase is involved in various pathologies in particular of the central nervous system, the interest in the development of new inhibitors permeable to the blood-brain barrier represents today an important goal in the pharmaceutical field. The best potent compound of the series is the 5-(7-amino-5-(benzylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)benzen-1,3-diol (compound 51, IC50 = 0.18 μM) that was predicted to have an intermediate ability to cross the membrane in our in vitro assay and represents an optimal starting point to both studies the therapeutic value of protein kinase CK1δ inhibition and to develop new more potent derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Grieco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maicol Bissaro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Benedetto Tiz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniel I Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conception Perez
- Instituto de Quimica Medica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Redenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Mariotto
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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4
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Allosteric Interactions between Adenosine A 2A and Dopamine D 2 Receptors in Heteromeric Complexes: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics, and Opportunities for PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041719. [PMID: 33572077 PMCID: PMC7915359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C.Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
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5
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Gontijo VS, Viegas FPD, Ortiz CJC, de Freitas Silva M, Damasio CM, Rosa MC, Campos TG, Couto DS, Tranches Dias KS, Viegas C. Molecular Hybridization as a Tool in the Design of Multi-target Directed Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:348-407. [PMID: 31631821 PMCID: PMC7457438 DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are progressive multifactorial neurological pathologies related to neuronal impairment and functional loss from different brain regions. Currently, no effective treatments are available for any NDs, and this lack of efficacy has been attributed to the multitude of interconnected factors involved in their pathophysiology. In the last two decades, a new approach for the rational design of new drug candidates, also called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, has emerged and has been used in the design and for the development of a variety of hybrid compounds capable to act simultaneously in diverse biological targets. Based on the polypharmacology concept, this new paradigm has been thought as a more secure and effective way for modulating concomitantly two or more biochemical pathways responsible for the onset and progress of NDs, trying to overcome low therapeutical effectiveness. As a complement to our previous review article (Curr. Med. Chem. 2007, 14 (17), 1829-1852. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058805), herein we aimed to cover the period from 2008 to 2019 and highlight the most recent advances of the exploitation of Molecular Hybridization (MH) as a tool in the rational design of innovative multifunctional drug candidate prototypes for the treatment of NDs, specially focused on AD, PD, HD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Flávia P Dias Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Cindy Juliet Cristancho Ortiz
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Caio Miranda Damasio
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Mayara Chagas Rosa
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Thâmara Gaspar Campos
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Dyecika Souza Couto
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
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6
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Xu H, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xue M, Xu Z. Investigation of Photostability of Istradefylline Aqueous Solution. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No.1 Lutai avenue 255086, ZiBo Shandong China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No.1 Lutai avenue 255086, ZiBo Shandong China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No.1 Lutai avenue 255086, ZiBo Shandong China
| | - Zhonghui Zheng
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. No.1 Lutai avenue 255086, ZiBo Shandong China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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7
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Xu H, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xue M, Xu Z. Separation and identification of an impurity from the istradefylline intermediate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14493-14499. [PMID: 35497116 PMCID: PMC9052088 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Istradefylline is a selective adenosine antagonist for the A2a receptor, and it is used to treat the Parkinson's disease and improve dyskinesia in the early stage of the Parkinson's disease. An impurity in the istradefylline intermediate A1 (6-amino-1,3-diethyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione) was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); it was separated by preparative HPLC and further characterized by UV, IR, MS, NMR, 2D NMR and single-crystal XRD analyses. The impurity was identified as (E)-N-ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethylamino-2-butenamide, which originated from the synthetic process of the intermediate A1. The structure of this impurity might affect the efficiency and safety of istradefylline; therefore, the research and control of this impurity are necessary for ensuring the quality of istradefylline. An impurity has been separated by preparative HPLC and characterized by IR, MS, NMR and XRD analyses as (E)-N-ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethylamino-2-butenamide, which is a by-product of the intermediate A1 obtained from the istradefylline.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yiyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hongyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
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8
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Al-Attraqchi OH, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nair A, Al-Attraqchi NH. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Potential Drug Target - Current Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2716-2740. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a class of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by
the endogenous substance adenosine. ARs are classified into 4 subtype receptors, namely, the A1, A2A, A2B and A3
receptors. The wide distribution and expression of the ARs in various body tissues as well as the roles they have
in controlling different functions in the body make them potential drug targets for the treatment of various pathological
conditions, such as cardiac diseases, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation and glaucoma. Therefore,
in the past decades, there have been extensive investigations of ARs with a high number of agonists and antagonists
identified that can interact with these receptors. This review shall discuss the A2A receptor (A2AAR) subtype
of the ARs. The structure, properties and the recent advances in the therapeutic potential of the receptor are discussed
with an overview of the recent advances in the methods of studying the receptor. Also, molecular modeling
approaches utilized in the design of A2AAR ligands are highlighted with various recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Cheong SL, Federico S, Spalluto G, Klotz KN, Pastorin G. The current status of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: transition from single-target to multitarget therapy. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1769-1783. [PMID: 31102728 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Motor features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability are common traits of PD. Current treatment options provide symptomatic relief to the condition but are unable to reverse disease progression. The conventional single-target therapeutic approach might not always induce the desired effect owing to the multifactorial nature of PD. Hence, multitarget strategies have been proposed to simultaneously target multiple proteins involved in the development of PD. Herein, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of PD and the current pharmacotherapies. Furthermore, rationales and examples of multitarget approaches that have been tested in preclinical trials for the treatment of PD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew L Cheong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Malaysia.
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Savateev KV, Ulomsky EN, Butorin II, Charushin VN, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Azoloazines as A2a receptor antagonists. Structure–activity relationship. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Liao C, Zhao X, Liu J, Schneebeli ST, Shelley JC, Li J. Capturing the multiscale dynamics of membrane protein complexes with all-atom, mixed-resolution, and coarse-grained models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:9181-9188. [PMID: 28317993 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The structures and dynamics of protein complexes are often challenging to model in heterogeneous environments such as biological membranes. Herein, we meet this fundamental challenge at attainable cost with all-atom, mixed-resolution, and coarse-grained models of vital membrane proteins. We systematically simulated five complex models formed by two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the lipid-bilayer membrane on the ns-to-μs timescales. These models, which suggest the swinging motion of an intracellular loop, for the first time, provide the molecular details for the regulatory role of such a loop. For the models at different resolutions, we observed consistent structural stability but various levels of speed-ups in protein dynamics. The mixed-resolution and coarse-grained models show two and four times faster protein diffusion than the all-atom models, in addition to a 4- and 400-fold speed-up in the simulation performance. Furthermore, by elucidating the strengths and challenges of combining all-atom models with reduced resolution models, this study can serve as a guide to simulating other complex systems in heterogeneous environments efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Xiaochuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | | | - John C Shelley
- Schrödinger, Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, OR 97204, USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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13
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Nazario LR, da Silva RS, Bonan CD. Targeting Adenosine Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: From Pharmacological to Non-pharmacological Approaches. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:658. [PMID: 29217998 PMCID: PMC5703841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease displaying negative impacts on both the health and social ability of patients and considerable economical costs. The classical anti-parkinsonian drugs based in dopaminergic replacement are the standard treatment, but several motor side effects emerge during long-term use. This mini-review presents the rationale to several efforts from pre-clinical and clinical studies using adenosine receptor antagonists as a non-dopaminergic therapy. As several studies have indicated that the monotherapy with adenosine receptor antagonists reaches limited efficacy, the usage as a co-adjuvant appeared to be a promising strategy. The formulation of multi-targeted drugs, using adenosine receptor antagonists and other neurotransmitter systems than the dopaminergic one as targets, have been receiving attention since Parkinson's disease presents a complex biological impact. While pharmacological approaches to cure or ameliorate the conditions of PD are the leading strategy in this area, emerging positive aspects have arisen from non-pharmacological approaches and adenosine function inhibition appears to improve both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza R Nazario
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane S da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla D Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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A novel hybrid drug between two potent anti-tubulin agents as a potential prolonged anticancer approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:50-63. [PMID: 27262542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and biological characterisation of a novel hybrid drug by conjugation of two tubulin inhibitors, a hemiasterlin derivative A (H-Mpa-Tle-Aha-OH), obtained by condensation of three non-natural amino acids, and cis-3,4',5-trimethoxy-3'aminostilbene (B). As we have previously demonstrated synergy between A and B, we used a monocarbonyl derivative of triethylene glycol as linker (L) to synthesise compounds A-L and A-L-B; via HPLC we analysed the release of its potential hydrolysis products A, A-L, B and B-L in physiological fluids: the hybrid A-L-B undergo hydrolysis in rat whole blood of the ester bond between A and L (half-life=118.2±9.5min) but not the carbamate bond between B and L; the hydrolysis product B-L was further hydrolyzed, but with a slower rate (half-life=288±12min). The compound A-L was the faster hydrolyzed conjugate (half-life=25.4±1.1min). The inhibitory activity of the compounds against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell growth was analysed. The IC50 values were 7.48±1.27nM for A, 40.3±6.28nM for B, 738±38.5nM for A-L and 37.9±2.11nM for A-L-B. The anticancer effect of A-L-B was evidenced to be obtained via microtubule dynamics suppression. Finally, we stated the expression of the active efflux transporters P-gp (ABCB1) and MRP1 (ABCC1) in the human normal colon epithelial NCM460 cell line by reverse-transcription PCR. Via permeation studies across NCM460 monolayers we demonstrate the poor aptitude of A to interact with active efflux transporters (AET): indeed, the ratio between its permeability coefficients for the basolateral (B)→apical (A) and B→A transport was 1.5±0.1, near to the ratio of taltobulin (1.12±0.06), an hemiasterlin derivative able to elude AETs, and significantly different form the ratio of celiprolol (3.4±0.2), an AET substrate.
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15
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Navarro G, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K, Franco R. Purinergic signaling in Parkinson's disease. Relevance for treatment. Neuropharmacology 2015. [PMID: 26211977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission in health and disease. Classically adenosine A1 and A2A receptors have been considered key for the fine tune control of dopamine actions in the striatum, the main CNS motor control center. The main adenosine signaling mechanism is via the cAMP pathway but the future will tell whether calcium signaling is relevant in adenosinergic control of striatal function. Very relevant is the recent approval in Japan of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, istradefylline, for use in Parkinson's disease patients. Purine nucleotides are also regulators of striatal dopamine neurotransmission via P2 purinergic receptors. In parallel to the alpha-synuclein hypothesis of Parkinson's disease etiology, purinergic P2X1 receptors have been identified as mediators of accumulation of the Lewy-body enriched protein alpha-synuclein. Of note is the expression in striatum of purinergic-receptor-containing heteromers that are potential targets of anti-Parkinson's disease therapies and should be taken into account in drug discovery programs. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rafael Franco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Preti D, Baraldi PG, Moorman AR, Borea PA, Varani K. History and perspectives of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:790-848. [PMID: 25821194 DOI: 10.1002/med.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence emphasizes that the purine nucleoside adenosine plays an active role as a local regulator in different pathologies. Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside involved in various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). At the present time, the role of A2A ARs is well known in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies, including inflammatory tissue damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the use of selective A2A antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, A2A AR signal transduction pathways, together with an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of A2A antagonists, and their corresponding pharmacological roles and therapeutic potential have been presented. The initial results from an emerging polypharmacological approach are also analyzed. This approach is based on the optimization of the affinity and/or functional activity of the examined compounds toward multiple targets, such as A1 /A2A ARs and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), both closely implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Lim FPL, Dolzhenko AV. 1,3,5-Triazine-based analogues of purine: From isosteres to privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:371-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Follmer C. Monoamine oxidase and α-synuclein as targets in Parkinson’s disease therapy. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:703-16. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.920235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Dalet FGE, Guadalupe TFJ, María del Carmen CH, Humberto GAC, Antonio SUM. Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2290-302. [PMID: 25206539 PMCID: PMC4146033 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selectivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and orthosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer's disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopamine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric rinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farfán-García Eunice Dalet
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Trujillo-Ferrara José Guadalupe
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Hernández María del Carmen
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Araiza Christian Humberto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio, Professor/Researcher, Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico, , (N201304028)
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Huang Q, Hu S, Zhang H, Chen J, He Y, Li F, Weng W, Ni J, Bao X, Lin Y. Carbon dots and chitosan composite film based biosensor for the sensitive and selective determination of dopamine. Analyst 2013; 138:5417-23. [PMID: 23833763 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and reliable dopamine (DA) biosensor was developed based on a carbon dots (CDs) and chitosan (CS) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (CDs-CS/GCE). Under optimal conditions, the CDs-CS/GCE showed a better electrochemical response for the detection of DA than that of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The oxidation peak current (Ipa) of DA was linear with the concentration of DA in the range from 0.1 μM to 30.0 μM with the limit of detection as 11.2 nM (3S/N). The CDs-CS/GCE was applied to the detection of DA content in an injection solution of DA with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Environment Science, Zhangzhou Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
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21
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Padovan M, Vincenzi F, Govoni M, Bortoluzzi A, Borea PA, Varani K. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.12.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang Y, Chang C, Zhang J, Gao X. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells increase dopamine synthesis in the injured striatum. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:2653-62. [PMID: 25337111 PMCID: PMC4200733 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that tyrosine hydroxylase or neurturin gene-modified cells transplanted into rats with Parkinson’s disease significantly improved behavior and increased striatal dopamine content. In the present study, we transplanted tyrosine hydroxylase and neurturin gene-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the damaged striatum of Parkinson’s disease model rats. Several weeks after cell transplantation, in addition to an improvement of motor function, tyrosine hydroxylase and neurturin proteins were up-regulated in the injured striatum, and importantly, levels of dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid increased significantly. Furthermore, the density of the D2 dopamine receptor in the postsynaptic membranes of dopaminergic neurons was decreased. These results indicate that transplantation of tyrosine hydroxylase and neurturin gene-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells increases dopamine synthesis and significantly improves the behavior of rats with Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gao
- Department of Anatomy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan Province, China
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Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A, Varani K, Borea PA, De Marcos Maria Cruz B, Ferraro L, Manfredini S, Dalpiaz A. Synthesis and in vitro stability of nucleoside 5′-phosphonate derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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