1
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Zhang J, Khanal D, Banaszak Holl MM. Applications of AFM-IR for drug delivery vector characterization: infrared, thermal, and mechanical characterization at the nanoscale. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114646. [PMID: 36521685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective drug delivery systems requires in-depth characterization of the micro- or nanostructure of the material vectors with high spatial resolution, resulting in a deep understanding of the design-function relationship and maximum therapeutic efficacy. Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) combines the high spatial resolution of AFM and the capabilities of IR spectroscopy to identify chemical composition and it has emerged as a powerful tool for the detailed characterization of a drug delivery system at the nanoscale. In addition, the instruments also allow thermal and mechanical evaluation at the nanoscale. In this review, we highlight the applications of AFM-IR in various drug delivery systems, including polymer-based carriers, lipid-contained nanocarriers, and metal-based nanocarriers. The existing challenges as well as the future perspectives for the application of AFM-IR for drug delivery vector characterization are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Mechanial and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA; Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink Medical School, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
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2
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Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques for Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Goh CF, Lane ME. Advanced structural characterisation of pharmaceuticals using nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114077. [PMID: 34896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of drug delivery systems fabricated at the nano scale comes with the challenges of identifying reliable characterisation tools, especially for solid dosage forms. A full understanding of physicochemical properties of solid-state systems at a high spatial resolution is essential to monitor their manufacturability, processability, performance (dissolution) and stability. Nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA), a hybrid of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermal analysis, has emerged as a solution to address the need for complete characterisation of samples with surface heterogeneity. Nano-TA provides not only physical information using conventional AFM but also the thermal behaviour of these systems as an additional chemical dimension. In this review, the principles and techniques of nano-TA are discussed with emphasis on recent pharmaceutical applications. Building on nano-TA, the combination of this approach with infrared spectroscopic analysis is briefly introduced. The challenges and considerations for future development of nano-TA characterisation are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Majella E Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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4
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Duan P, Lamm MS, Yang F, Xu W, Skomski D, Su Y, Schmidt-Rohr K. Quantifying Molecular Mixing and Heterogeneity in Pharmaceutical Dispersions at Sub-100 nm Resolution by Spin Diffusion NMR. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3567-3580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Matthew S. Lamm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel Skomski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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5
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Khanal D, Khatib I, Ruan J, Cipolla D, Dayton F, Blanchard JD, Chan HK, Chrzanowski W. Nanoscale Probing of Liposome Encapsulating Drug Nanocrystal Using Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9922-9931. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Isra Khatib
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Juanfang Ruan
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2062, Australia
| | - David Cipolla
- Insmed Corporation, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Francis Dayton
- Aradigm Corporation, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | | | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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6
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Nguyen-Tri P, Ghassemi P, Carriere P, Nanda S, Assadi AA, Nguyen DD. Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1142. [PMID: 32429499 PMCID: PMC7284686 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Payman Ghassemi
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Pascal Carriere
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Matériaux Polymères Interfaces Environnement Marin, Université de Toulon, CEDEX 9, 83041 Toulon, France;
| | - Sonil Nanda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
| | - Aymen Amine Assadi
- ENSCR—Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)—UMR CNRS 6226, Univ Rennes, 35700 Rennes, France;
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam;
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
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7
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Ricarte RG, Van Zee NJ, Li Z, Johnson LM, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Recent Advances in Understanding the Micro- and Nanoscale Phenomena of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4089-4103. [PMID: 31487183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical drugs in the marketplace and discovery pipeline suffer from poor aqueous solubility, thereby limiting their effectiveness for oral delivery. The use of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), a mixture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer excipient, greatly enhances the aqueous dissolution performance of a drug without the need for chemical modification. Although this method is versatile and scalable, deficient understanding of the interactions between drugs and polymers inhibits ASD rational design. This current Review details recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that control ASD performance. In the solid-state, the use of high-resolution theoretical, computational, and experimental tools resolved the influence of drug/polymer phase behavior and dynamics on stability during storage. During dissolution in aqueous media, novel characterization methods revealed that ASDs can form complex nanostructures, which maintain and improve supersaturation of the drug. The studies discussed here illustrate that nanoscale phenomena, which have been directly observed and quantified, strongly affect the stability and bioavailability of ASD systems, and provide a promising direction for optimizing drug/polymer formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G Ricarte
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris , PSL Research University , 10 Rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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8
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Nguyen Tri P, Prud’homme RE. Crystallization and Segregation Behavior at the Submicrometer Scale of PCL/PEG Blends. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen Tri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, 5155 chemin de la rampe, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, 5155 chemin de la rampe, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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9
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Tuteja M, Kang M, Leal C, Centrone A. Nanoscale partitioning of paclitaxel in hybrid lipid-polymer membranes. Analyst 2018; 143:3808-3813. [PMID: 29878001 PMCID: PMC6215448 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a powerful drug against restenosis and many forms of cancer. However, its clinical application hinges on the ability to achieve suitable stabilized drug concentrations in an aqueous suspension while hindering drug crystallization. To engineer such formulations, it is imperative to understand paclitaxel's partitioning and crystallization within the carrier matrix. Lipid-polymer hybrid films have been recently shown to accommodate large paclitaxel loads and suppress crystallization. Additionally, such hybrid materials promote synergistic drug release compared to the pure constituents. Here, we leverage the composition sensitive photo-thermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique to study paclitaxel partitioning within hybrid films at the nanoscale. PTIR data reveal that paclitaxel nano-crystals segregate from lipid-only films but are well dispersed in polymer-only films. Remarkably, lipid-polymer hybrid films show enhanced partitioning of paclitaxel at the lipid-polymer phase boundaries, but still stifle crystallization, thus paving the way towards compositional and microstructural engineering of small-drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tuteja
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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10
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Kenkel S, Mittal A, Mittal S, Bhargava R. Probe-Sample Interaction-Independent Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy: Toward Robust Nanoscale Compositional Mapping. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8845-8855. [PMID: 29939013 PMCID: PMC6361725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale topological imaging using atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with infrared (IR) spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a rapidly emerging modality to record correlated structural and chemical images. Although the expectation is that the spectral data faithfully represents the underlying chemical composition, the sample mechanical properties affect the recorded data (known as the probe-sample-interaction effect). Although experts in the field are aware of this effect, the contribution is not fully understood. Further, when the sample properties are not well-known or when AFM-IR experiments are conducted by nonexperts, there is a chance that these nonmolecular properties may affect analytical measurements in an uncertain manner. Techniques such as resonance-enhanced imaging and normalization of the IR signal using ratios might improve fidelity of recorded data, but they are not universally effective. Here, we provide a fully analytical model that relates cantilever response to the local sample expansion which opens several avenues. We demonstrate a new method for removing probe-sample-interaction effects in AFM-IR images by measuring the cantilever responsivity using a mechanically induced, out-of-plane sample vibration. This method is then applied to model polymers and mammary epithelial cells to show improvements in sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability for measuring soft matter when compared to the current state of the art (resonance-enhanced operation). Understanding of the sample-dependent cantilever responsivity is an essential addition to AFM-IR imaging if the identification of chemical features at nanoscale resolutions is to be realized for arbitrary samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kenkel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Anirudh Mittal
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Shachi Mittal
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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11
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Dharmasena SM, Yang Z, Kim S, Bergman LA, Vakakis AF, Cho H. Ultimate Decoupling between Surface Topography and Material Functionality in Atomic Force Microscopy Using an Inner-Paddled Cantilever. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5559-5569. [PMID: 29800518 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely utilized to gain insight into various material and structural functionalities on the nanometer scale, leading to numerous discoveries and technologies. Despite the phenomenal success in applying AFM to the simultaneous characterization of topological and functional properties of materials, it has continuously suffered from the crosstalk between the observables, causing undesirable artifacts and complicated interpretations. Here, we introduce a two-field AFM probe, namely an inner-paddled cantilever integrating two discrete pathways such that they respond independently to the variations in surface topography and material functionality. Hence, the proposed design allows reliable and potentially quantitative determination of functional properties. In this paper, the efficacy of the proposed design has been demonstrated via piezoresponse force microscopy of periodically poled lithium niobate and collagen, although it can also be applied to other AFM methods such as AFM-based infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical strain microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajith M Dharmasena
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Zining Yang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lawrence A Bergman
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Alexander F Vakakis
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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12
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Brown LV, Davanco M, Sun Z, Kretinin A, Chen Y, Matson JR, Vurgaftman I, Sharac N, Giles A, Fogler MM, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Novoselov KS, Maier SA, Centrone A, Caldwell JD. Nanoscale Mapping and Spectroscopy of Nonradiative Hyperbolic Modes in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1628-1636. [PMID: 29451802 PMCID: PMC6140337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The inherent crystal anisotropy of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides the ability to support hyperbolic phonon polaritons, that is, polaritons that can propagate with very large wave vectors within the material volume, thereby enabling optical confinement to exceedingly small dimensions. Indeed, previous research has shown that nanometer-scale truncated nanocone hBN cavities, with deep subdiffractional dimensions, support three-dimensionally confined optical modes in the mid-infrared. Because of optical selection rules, only a few of the many theoretically predicted modes have been observed experimentally via far-field reflection and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). The photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique probes optical and vibrational resonances overcoming weak far-field emission by leveraging an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe to transduce local sample expansion caused by light absorption. Here we show that PTIR enables the direct observation of previously unobserved, dark hyperbolic modes of hBN nanostructures. Leveraging these optical modes and their wide range of angular and radial momenta could provide a new degree of control over the electromagnetic near-field concentration, polarization in nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa V. Brown
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Dept. Physics, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Andrey Kretinin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yiguo Chen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Joseph R. Matson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 101 Olin Hall, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Igor Vurgaftman
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave S.W., Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | | | - Alexander Giles
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave S.W., Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - Michael M. Fogler
- Dept. Physics, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Maniki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Maniki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Joshua D. Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 101 Olin Hall, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave S.W., Washington, DC 20375 USA
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13
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Kang M, Tuteja M, Centrone A, Topgaard D, Leal C. Nanostructured Lipid-based Films for Substrate Mediated Applications in Biotechnology. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:10.1002/adfm.201704356. [PMID: 31080383 PMCID: PMC6508631 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201704356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic in nature, lipids spontaneously self-assemble into a range of nanostructures in the presence of water. Among lipid self-assembled structures, liposomes and supported lipid bilayers have long held scientific interest for their main applications in drug delivery and plasma membrane models, respectively. In contrast, lipid-based multi-layered membranes on solid supports only recently begun drawing scientists' attention. New studies on lipid films show that the stacking of multiple bilayers on a solid support yields interestingly complex features to these systems. Namely, multiple layers exhibit cooperative structural and dynamic behavior. In addition, the materials enable compartmentalization, templating, and enhanced release of several molecules of interest. Importantly, supported lipid phases exhibit long-range periodic nano-scale order and orientation that is tunable in response to a changing environment. Herein, we summarize current and pertinent understanding of lipid-based film research focusing on how unique structural characteristics enable the emergence of new applications in biotechnology including label-free biosensors, macroscale drug delivery, and substrate-mediated gene delivery. Our very recent contributions to lipid-based films, focusing on the structural characterization at the meso, nano, and molecular-scale, using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, Atomic Force Microscopy, Photothermal Induced Resonance, and Solid-State NMR will be also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mohit Tuteja
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Daniel Topgaard
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Tri PN, Prud’homme RE. Nanoscale Lamellar Assembly and Segregation Mechanism of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(ethylene glycol) Blends. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen Tri
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128
Centre-ville STN, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128
Centre-ville STN, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
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15
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Mugheirbi NA, Marsac PJ, Taylor LS. Insights into Water-Induced Phase Separation in Itraconazole–Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose Spin Coated and Spray Dried Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4387-4402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila A. Mugheirbi
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick J. Marsac
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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16
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Luebbert C, Sadowski G. Moisture-induced phase separation and recrystallization in amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:635-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Rosenberger MR, Wang MC, Xie X, Rogers JA, Nam S, King WP. Measuring individual carbon nanotubes and single graphene sheets using atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:355707. [PMID: 28656907 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7c23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Rosenberger
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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18
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Fu W, Zhang W. Hybrid AFM for Nanoscale Physicochemical Characterization: Recent Development and Emerging Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603525. [PMID: 28121376 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved to be one of the most powerful tools for the characterization of material surfaces especially at the nanoscale. Recent development of AFM has incorporated a suite of analytical techniques including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to further reveal chemical composition and map the chemical distribution. This incorporation not only elevates the functionality of AFM but also increases the resolution limitation of conventional IR and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the rapid development of such hybrid AFM techniques, many unique features, principles, applications, potential pitfalls or artifacts are not well known to the community. This review systematically summarizes the recent relevant literature on hybrid AFM principles and applications. It focuses specially on AFM-IR and AFM-Raman techniques. Various applications in different research fields are critically reviewed and discussed, highlighting the potentials of these hybrid AFM techniques. Here, the major drawbacks and limitations of these two hybrid AFM techniques are presented. The intentions of this article are to shed new light on the future research and achieve improvements in stability and reliability of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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19
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Dazzi A, Prater CB. AFM-IR: Technology and Applications in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging. Chem Rev 2016; 117:5146-5173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dazzi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Craig B. Prater
- Anasys Instruments, 325 Chapala
St., Santa Barbara, California 93101, United States
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20
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Nie H, Su Y, Zhang M, Song Y, Leone A, Taylor LS, Marsac PJ, Li T, Byrn SR. Solid-State Spectroscopic Investigation of Molecular Interactions between Clofazimine and Hypromellose Phthalate in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3964-3975. [PMID: 27653759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Nie
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium
Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Formulation
Sciences, Teva Pharmaceuticals, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West
Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium
Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium
Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Global
DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Leone
- Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West
Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium
Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick J. Marsac
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium
Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephen R. Byrn
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium
Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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21
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Wang B, Wang D, Zhao S, Huang X, Zhang J, Lv Y, Liu X, Lv G, Ma X. Evaluate the ability of PVP to inhibit crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions by density functional theory and experimental verify. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 96:45-52. [PMID: 27568852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used density functional theory (DFT) to predict polymer-drug interactions, and then evaluated the ability of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to inhibit crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions by experimental-verification. Solid dispersions of PVP/resveratrol (Res) and PVP/griseofulvin (Gri) were adopted for evaluating the ability of PVP to inhibit crystallization. The density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP was used to calculate polymer-drug and drug-drug interactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm hydrogen bonding interactions. Polymer-drug miscibility and drug crystallinity were characterized by the modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The release profiles were studied to investigate the dissolution advantage. DFT results indicated that EPVP-Res>ERes-Res (E: represents hydrogen bonding energy). A strong interaction was formed between PVP and Res. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed hydrogen bonding formed between PVP and Res, but not between PVP and Gri. MDSC and XRD results suggested that 70-90wt% PVP/Res and PVP/Gri solid dispersions formed amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Under the accelerated testing condition, PVP/Res dispersions with higher miscibility quantified as 90/10wt% were more stable than PVP/Gri dispersions. The cumulative dissolution rate of 90wt% PVP/Res dispersions still kept high after 90days storage due to the strong interaction. However, the cumulative dissolution rate of PVP/Gri solid dispersions significantly dropped because of the recrystallization of Gri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lv
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocen Liu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Lv
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Barlow DE, Biffinger JC, Cockrell-Zugell AL, Lo M, Kjoller K, Cook D, Lee WK, Pehrsson PE, Crookes-Goodson WJ, Hung CS, Nadeau LJ, Russell JN. The importance of correcting for variable probe–sample interactions in AFM-IR spectroscopy: AFM-IR of dried bacteria on a polyurethane film. Analyst 2016; 141:4848-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interplay between AFM-IR probe – sample interactions and signal transduction for bacteria – PU bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wendy J. Crookes-Goodson
- Soft Matter Materials Branch
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- USA
| | - Chia-Suei Hung
- Soft Matter Materials Branch
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- USA
| | - Lloyd J. Nadeau
- Soft Matter Materials Branch
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- USA
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23
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Tas S, Zoetebier B, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ, Nijmeijer K. Monovalent cation selective crown ether containing poly(arylene ether ketone)/SPEEK blend membranes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11566g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Crown ether units incorporated in the poly(arylene ether ketone) (PAEK) main chain enhance the miscibility of PAEK with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The resulting blend membranes enable the separation of monovalent ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tas
- Membrane Science & Technology
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Bram Zoetebier
- Department of Material Science and Technology of Polymers
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Department of Material Science and Technology of Polymers
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Department of Material Science and Technology of Polymers
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Nijmeijer
- Membrane Science & Technology
- Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
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24
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Chae J, Dong Q, Huang J, Centrone A. Chloride Incorporation Process in CH₃NH₃PbI(3-x)Cl(x) Perovskites via Nanoscale Bandgap Maps. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:8114-21. [PMID: 26528710 PMCID: PMC4746708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) perovskites enable fabrication of highly efficient solar cells. Chloride ions benefit the morphology, carrier diffusion length, and stability of perovskite films; however, whether those benefits stem from the presence of Cl(-) in the precursor solution or from their incorporation in annealed films is debated. In this work, the photothermal-induced resonance, an in situ technique with nanoscale resolution, is leveraged to measure the bandgap of CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) films obtained by a multicycle coating process that produces high efficiency (∼16%) solar cells. Because chloride ions modify the perovskite lattice, thereby widening the bandgap, measuring the bandgap locally yields the local chloride content. After a mild annealing (60 min, 60 °C) the films consist of Cl-rich (x < 0.3) and Cl-poor phases that upon further annealing (110 °C) evolve into a homogeneous Cl-poorer (x < 0.06) phase, suggesting that methylammonium-chrloride is progressively expelled from the film. Despite the small chloride content, CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) films show better thermal stability up to 140 °C with respect CH3NH3PbI3 films fabricated with the same methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungseok Chae
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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25
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Purohit HS, Taylor LS. Miscibility of Itraconazole-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Blends: Insights with High Resolution Analytical Methodologies. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4542-53. [PMID: 26567698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug-polymer miscibility is considered to be a prerequisite to achieve an optimally performing amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Unfortunately, it can be challenging to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility experimentally. The aim of this study was to investigate the miscibility of ASDs of itraconazole (ITZ) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using a variety of analytical approaches. The phase behavior of ITZ-HPMC films prepared by solvent evaporation was studied before and after heating. Conventional methodology for miscibility determination, that is, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was used in conjunction with emerging analytical techniques, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and nanothermal analysis (AFM-nanoIR-nanoTA). DSC results showed a single glass transition event for systems with 10% to 50% drug loading, suggesting that the ASDs were miscible, whereas phase separation was observed for all of the films based on the other techniques. The AFM-coupled techniques indicated that the phase separation occurred at the submicron scale. When the films were heated, it was observed that the ASD components underwent mixing. The results provide new insights into the phase behavior of itraconazole-HPMC dispersions and suggest that the emerging analytical techniques discussed herein are promising for the characterization of miscibility and microstructure in drug-polymer systems. The observed differences in the phase behavior in films prepared by solvent evaporation before and after heating also have implications for processing routes and suggest that spray drying/solvent evaporation and hot melt extrusion/melt mixing can result in ASDs with varying extent of miscibility between the drug and the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S Purohit
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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26
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Weers JG, Miller DP. Formulation Design of Dry Powders for Inhalation. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3259-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Morsch S, Lyon S, Greensmith P, Smith SD, Gibbon SR. Mapping water uptake in organic coatings using AFM-IR. Faraday Discuss 2015; 180:527-42. [PMID: 25905798 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-term failure of seemingly intact corrosion resistant organic coatings is thought to occur via the development of ionic transport channels, which spontaneously evolve from hydrophilic regions on immersion, i.e., as a result of localized water uptake. To this end, we investigate water uptake characteristics for industrial epoxy-phenolic can coatings after immersion in deionized water and drying. Moisture sorption and the changing nature of polymer-water interactions are assessed using FTIR for dry and pre-soaked films. More water is found to be absorbed by the pre-soaked coatings on exposure to a humid environment, with a greater degree of hydrogen-bonding between the polymer and water. Furthermore, morphological changes are then correlated to localized water uptake using the AFM-IR technique. Nanoscale softened regions develop on soaking, and these are found to absorb a greater proportion of water from a humid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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28
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Purohit HS, Taylor LS. Phase Separation Kinetics in Amorphous Solid Dispersions Upon Exposure to Water. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1623-35. [PMID: 25853391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S. Purohit
- Department
of Industrial
and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial
and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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29
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Ricarte RG, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Detection of Pharmaceutical Drug Crystallites in Solid Dispersions by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:983-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500682x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G. Ricarte
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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30
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Centrone A. Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy Beyond the Diffraction Limit. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:101-26. [PMID: 26001952 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Progress in nanotechnology is enabled by and dependent on the availability of measurement methods with spatial resolution commensurate with nanomaterials' length scales. Chemical imaging techniques, such as scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), have provided scientists with means of extracting rich chemical and structural information with nanoscale resolution. This review presents some basics of infrared spectroscopy and microscopy, followed by detailed descriptions of s-SNOM and PTIR working principles. Nanoscale spectra are compared with far-field macroscale spectra, which are widely used for chemical identification. Selected examples illustrate either technical aspects of the measurements or applications in materials science. Central to this review is the ability to record nanoscale infrared spectra because, although chemical maps enable immediate visualization, the spectra provide information to interpret the images and characterize the sample. The growing breadth of nanomaterials and biological applications suggest rapid growth for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899;
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31
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Katzenmeyer AM, Canivet J, Holland G, Farrusseng D, Centrone A. Assessing chemical heterogeneity at the nanoscale in mixed-ligand metal-organic frameworks with the PTIR technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2852-6. [PMID: 24615798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of mixtures of organic-building-block linkers has given chemists an additional degree of freedom for engineering metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with specific properties; however, the poor characterization of the chemical complexity of such MixMOF structures by conventional techniques hinders the verification of rational design. Herein, we describe the application of a technique known as photothermal induced resonance to individual MixMOF microcrystals to elucidate their chemical composition with nanoscale resolution. Results show that MixMOFs isoreticular to In-MIL-68, obtained either directly from solution or by postsynthetic linker exchange, are homogeneous down to approximately 100 nm. Additionally, we report a novel in situ process that enables the engineering of anisotropic domains in MOF crystals with submicron linker-concentration gradients.
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32
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Katzenmeyer AM, Canivet J, Holland G, Farrusseng D, Centrone A. Assessing Chemical Heterogeneity at the Nanoscale in Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks with the PTIR Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Harrison AJ, Bilgili EA, Beaudoin SP, Taylor LS. Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy of griseofulvin nanocrystals. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11449-55. [PMID: 24171582 PMCID: PMC3889117 DOI: 10.1021/ac4025889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to evaluate the ability of photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR) to measure the local infrared absorption spectra of crystalline organic drug nanoparticles embedded within solid matrices. Herein, the first reports of the chemical characterization of sub-100 nm organic crystals are described; infrared spectra of 90 nm griseofulvin particles were obtained, confirming the chemical resolution of PTIR beyond the diffraction limit. Additionally, particle size distributions via dynamic light scattering and PTIR image analysis were found to be similar, suggesting that the PTIR measurements are not significantly affected by inhomogeneous infrared absorptivity of this system. Thus as medical applications increasingly emphasize localized drug delivery via micro/nanoengineered structures, PTIR can be used to unambiguously chemically characterize drug formulations at these length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Harrison
- Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100 (USA)
| | - E. A. Bilgili
- Tiernan Hall of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 161 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07102-1982 (USA)
| | - S. P. Beaudoin
- Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100 (USA)
| | - L. S. Taylor
- Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, (USA)
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34
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Cho H, Felts JR, Yu MF, Bergman LA, Vakakis AF, King WP. Improved atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy for rapid nanometer-scale chemical identification. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:444007. [PMID: 24113150 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/44/444007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) can perform IR spectroscopic chemical identification with sub-100 nm spatial resolution, but is relatively slow due to its low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In AFM-IR, tunable IR laser light is incident upon a sample, which results in a rise in temperature and thermomechanical expansion of the sample. An AFM tip in contact with the sample senses this nanometer-scale photothermal expansion. The tip motion induces cantilever vibrations, which are measured either in terms of the peak-to-peak amplitude of time-domain data or the integrated magnitude of frequency-domain data. Using a continuous Morlet wavelet transform to the cantilever dynamic response, we show that the cantilever dynamics during AFM-IR vary as a function of both time and frequency. Based on the observed cantilever response, we tailor a time-frequency-domain filter to identify the region of highest vibrational energy. This approach can increase the SNR of the AFM cantilever signal, such that the throughput is increased 32-fold compared to state-of-the art procedures. We further demonstrate significant increases in AFM-IR imaging speed and chemical identification of nanometer-scale domains in polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cho
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
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35
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Vogt FG, Strohmeier M. Confocal UV and Resonance Raman Microscopic Imaging of Pharmaceutical Products. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4216-28. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400314s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick G. Vogt
- Product
Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Mark Strohmeier
- Product
Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc., 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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36
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Awatani T, Midorikawa H, Kojima N, Ye J, Marcott C. Morphology of water transport channels and hydrophobic clusters in Nafion from high spatial resolution AFM-IR spectroscopy and imaging. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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37
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Grisedale LC, Moffat JG, Jamieson MJ, Belton PS, Barker SA, Craig DQM. Development of Photothermal FTIR Microspectroscopy as a Novel Means of Spatially Identifying Amorphous and Crystalline Salbutamol Sulfate on Composite Surfaces. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1815-23. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300605s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Grisedale
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G. Moffat
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Jamieson
- Particle Generation,
Control
and Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines
Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY,
United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Belton
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Susan A. Barker
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United
Kingdom
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Li JJ, Yip CM. Super-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy: Strategies, challenges, and opportunities for membrane biophysics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2272-82. [PMID: 23500349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct correlation of molecular conformation with local structure is critical to studies of protein- and peptide-membrane interactions, particularly in the context of membrane-facilitated aggregation, and disruption or disordering. Infrared spectroscopy has long been a mainstay for determining molecular conformation, following folding dynamics, and characterizing reactions. While tremendous advances have been made in improving the spectral and temporal resolution of infrared spectroscopy, it has only been with the introduction of scanned-probe techniques that exploit the raster-scanning tip as either a source, scattering tool, or measurement probe that researchers have been able to obtain sub-diffraction limit IR spectra. This review will examine the history of correlated scanned-probe IR spectroscopies, from their inception to their use in studies of molecular aggregates, membrane domains, and cellular structures. The challenges and opportunities that these platforms present for examining dynamic phenomena will be discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: FTIR in membrane proteins and peptide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E1
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Felts JR, Cho H, Yu MF, Bergman LA, Vakakis AF, King WP. Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy on 15 nm scale polymer nanostructures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:023709. [PMID: 23464220 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We measure the infrared spectra of polyethylene nanostructures of height 15 nm using atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), which is about an order of magnitude improvement over state of the art. In AFM-IR, infrared light incident upon a sample induces photothermal expansion, which is measured by an AFM tip. The thermomechanical response of the sample-tip-cantilever system results in cantilever vibrations that vary in time and frequency. A time-frequency domain analysis of the cantilever vibration signal reveals how sample thermomechanical response and cantilever dynamics affect the AFM-IR signal. By appropriately filtering the cantilever vibration signal in both the time domain and the frequency domain, it is possible to measure infrared absorption spectra on polyethylene nanostructures as small as 15 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Felts
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Dazzi A, Prater CB, Hu Q, Chase DB, Rabolt JF, Marcott C. AFM-IR: combining atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy for nanoscale chemical characterization. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:1365-84. [PMID: 23231899 DOI: 10.1366/12-06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer and life science applications of a technique that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to obtain nanoscale IR spectra and images are reviewed. The AFM-IR spectra generated from this technique contain the same information with respect to molecular structure as conventional IR spectroscopy measurements, allowing significant leverage of existing expertise in IR spectroscopy. The AFM-IR technique can be used to acquire IR absorption spectra and absorption images with spatial resolution on the 50 to 100 nm scale, versus the scale of many micrometers or more for conventional IR spectroscopy. In the life sciences, experiments have demonstrated the capacity to perform chemical spectroscopy at the sub-cellular level. Specifically, the AFM-IR technique provides a label-free method for mapping IR-absorbing species in biological materials. On the polymer side, AFM-IR was used to map the IR absorption properties of polymer blends, multilayer films, thin films for active devices such as organic photovoltaics, microdomains in a semicrystalline polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, as well as model pharmaceutical blend systems. The ability to obtain spatially resolved IR spectra as well as high-resolution chemical images collected at specific IR wavenumbers was demonstrated. Complementary measurements mapping variations in sample stiffness were also obtained by tracking changes in the cantilever contact resonance frequency. Finally, it was shown that by taking advantage of the ability to arbitrarily control the polarization direction of the IR excitation laser, it is possible to obtain important information regarding molecular orientation in electrospun nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dazzi
- Laboratorie de Chimi Physique, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
Melt extrusion (ME) over recent years has found widespread application as a viable drug delivery option in the drug development process. ME applications include taste masking, solid-state stability enhancement, sustained drug release and solubility enhancement. While ME can result in amorphous or crystalline solid dispersions depending upon several factors, solubility enhancement applications are centered around generating amorphous dispersions, primarily because of the free energy benefits they offer. In line with the purview of the current issue, this review assesses the utility of ME as a means of enhancing solubility of poorly soluble drugs/chemicals. The review describes major processing aspects of ME technology, definition and understanding of the amorphous state, manufacturability, analytical characterization and biopharmaceutical performance testing to better understand the strength and weakness of this formulation strategy for poorly soluble drugs. In addition, this paper highlights the potential advantages of employing a fusion of techniques, including pharmaceutical co-crystals and spray drying/solvent evaporation, facilitating the design of formulations of API exhibiting specific physico-chemical characteristics. Finally, the review presents some successful case studies of commercialized ME based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, United States
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Felts JR, Kjoller K, Lo M, Prater CB, King WP. Nanometer-scale infrared spectroscopy of heterogeneous polymer nanostructures fabricated by tip-based nanofabrication. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8015-8021. [PMID: 22928657 DOI: 10.1021/nn302620f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant need for chemical identification and chemical imaging of nanofabricated structures and devices, especially for multiple materials integrated at the nanometer scale. Here we present nanofabrication, chemical identification, and nanometer-scale chemical imaging of polymer nanostructures with better than 100 nm spatial resolution. Polymer nanostructures of polyethylene, polystyrene, and poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) were fabricated by tip-based nanofabrication. Nanometer-scale infrared measurements using atomic force microscopy infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) obtained quantitative chemical spectra of these nanostructures. We show chemical imaging of intersecting patterns of nanometer-scale polymer lines of different chemical compositions. The results indicate that for closely packed heterogeneous nanostructures, the spatial resolution of AFM-IR is not limited by nanometer-scale thermal diffusion, but is instead limited by the cantilever sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the AFM-IR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Felts
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
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