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Goh CF, Lane ME. Advanced structural characterisation of pharmaceuticals using nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114077. [PMID: 34896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of drug delivery systems fabricated at the nano scale comes with the challenges of identifying reliable characterisation tools, especially for solid dosage forms. A full understanding of physicochemical properties of solid-state systems at a high spatial resolution is essential to monitor their manufacturability, processability, performance (dissolution) and stability. Nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA), a hybrid of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermal analysis, has emerged as a solution to address the need for complete characterisation of samples with surface heterogeneity. Nano-TA provides not only physical information using conventional AFM but also the thermal behaviour of these systems as an additional chemical dimension. In this review, the principles and techniques of nano-TA are discussed with emphasis on recent pharmaceutical applications. Building on nano-TA, the combination of this approach with infrared spectroscopic analysis is briefly introduced. The challenges and considerations for future development of nano-TA characterisation are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Majella E Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Hira D, Suzuki A, Kono Y, Shimokawa K, Matsuoka S, Hasumoto KY, Kawahara H, Onoue M, Fujita T, Okano T, Kakumoto M. Pharmaceutical stability of colloidal saccharated iron oxide injection in normal saline. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2018; 4:21. [PMID: 30062041 PMCID: PMC6058372 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-018-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colloidal saccharated iron oxide injection is used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with a poor oral intake. Because of the poor stability of the colloid particle, there have been concerns regarding its compatibility with various injections in clinical practice. To assess the stability of colloidal saccharated iron oxide in normal saline as a diluent, pharmaceutical stability analyses were conducted using various concentrations of glucose and sodium chloride (NaCl). Methods Colloidal saccharated iron oxide injection was diluted in three different diluents (5% glucose solution, normal saline, and 10% NaCl solution), and its appearance, colloid particle diameter, and pH were assessed. Free iron ions, which cause adverse effects, such as nausea and vomiting, were separated from the colloid particle using a dialysis membrane for 24 h, and their concentration was determined. Results No difference in the appearance, colloid diameter, and free iron ion fraction was observed after dilution in 5% glucose solution and normal saline. Conversely, an increased colloid aggregation and iron ion release were observed after dilution in 10% NaCl solution. Although iron colloid is unstable in acidic conditions (pH 4.0-6.0), normal diluents such as 5% glucose and normal saline did not cause colloid destabilization by pH change (pH > 8.0). Conclusion Normal saline may be used as a diluent of colloidal saccharated iron oxide injection as well as glucose solution, which is recommended by the pharmaceutical company. Therefore, normal saline can be used as a diluent of colloidal saccharated iron oxide injection in patients with an underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus, who are difficult to use glucose solution as a diluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hira
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan.,2Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Asami Suzuki
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yusuke Kono
- 3Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimokawa
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Serika Matsuoka
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Ken-Yuh Hasumoto
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- 4Department of Pharmacy, Kitano Hospital The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480 Japan
| | - Masahide Onoue
- 4Department of Pharmacy, Kitano Hospital The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480 Japan
| | - Takuya Fujita
- 3Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Tomonobu Okano
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Mikio Kakumoto
- 1Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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Chieng N, Cicerone MT, Zhong Q, Liu M, Pikal MJ. Characterization of dynamics in complex lyophilized formulations: II. Analysis of density variations in terms of glass dynamics and comparisons with global mobility, fast dynamics, and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:197-206. [PMID: 23623797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous HES/disaccharide (trehalose or sucrose) formulations, with and without added polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and disaccharide formulations of human growth hormone (hGH), were prepared by freeze drying and characterized with particular interest in methodology for using high precision density measurements to evaluate free volume changes and a focus on comparisons between "free volume" changes obtained from analysis of density data, fast dynamics (local mobility), and PALS characterization of "free volume" hole size. Density measurements were performed using a helium gas pycnometer, and fast dynamics was characterized using incoherent neutron scattering spectrometer. Addition of sucrose and trehalose to hGH decreases free volume in the system with sucrose marginally more effective than trehalose, consistent with superior pharmaceutical stability of sucrose hGH formulations well below Tg relative to trehalose. We find that density data may be analyzed in terms of free volume changes by evaluation of volume changes on mixing and calculation of apparent specific volumes from the densities. Addition of sucrose to HES decreases free volume, but the effect of trehalose is not detectable above experimental error. Addition of sorbitol or glycerol to HES/trehalose base formulations appears to significantly decrease free volume, consistent with the positive impact of such additions on pharmaceutical stability (i.e., degradation) in the glassy state. Free volume changes, evaluated from density data, fast dynamics amplitude of local motion, and PALS hole size data generally are in qualitative agreement for the HES/disaccharide systems studied. All predict decreasing molecular mobility as disaccharides are added to HES. Global mobility as measured by enthalpy relaxation times, increases as disaccharides, particularly sucrose, are added to HES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Chieng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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