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Nehru S, Vergaelen M, Hoogenboom R, Sundaramurthy A. Echogenic Gold Nanorod Incorporated Hybrid Poly(2-oxazoline) Nanocapsules for Real-Time Ultrasound/Fluorescent Imaging and Targeted Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38887037 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, various nanocarrier systems have been explored to enhance the targeting of cancer cells by improving the ligand-receptor interactions between the nanocarrier and cancer cells for selective cancer cell imaging and targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Herein, we report multifunctional hydrogen-bonded multilayer nanocapsules functionalized with both folic acid-derived quantum dots (FAQDs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) for targeted cancer therapy and cancer cell imaging using fluorescence microscopy and medical-range ultrasound imaging systems. The encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules was found to be 49% for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The release percentage reached a plateau at 37% after 1 h at pH 7.4 and increased to 57% after 3 h when the release pH was decreased to pH 5.5 (i.e., the pH of the tumor environment). Under ultrasound irradiation, the release was significantly accelerated, with a total release of 52% and 68% after only 6 min at pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, respectively. While the sonoporation process plays an important role in anticancer activity experiments under ultrasound exposure by generating temporary pores, the targeting ability of FAQDs brings the capsules closer to the cell membrane and improves the cellular uptake of the released drug, thereby increasing local drug concentration. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments with HCT-116 and HEp-2 cells demonstrated anticancer activities of 96% and 98%, respectively. The nanocapsules showed enhanced ultrasound scattering signal intensity and bright spots under ultrasound exposure, most likely caused by high scattering ability and internal reflections of preloaded AuNRs in the interior structure of the nanocapsules. Hence, the demonstrated nanocapsule system not only has the potential to be used as an integrated system for early- stage detection and treatment of cancer cells but also has the ability for live tracking and imaging of cancer cells while undergoing treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangamithra Nehru
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory (BMRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory (BMRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Zafar MN, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Encapsulation and release of calcein from herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27882. [PMID: 38524567 PMCID: PMC10958368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving an optimal therapeutic level is crucial in effectively eradicating cancer cells during treatment. However, conventional chemotherapy-associated systemic administration of anticancer agents leads to many side effects. To achieve the desired control over the target site, active targeting of HER2-positive breast cancer cells can be achieved by conjugating liposomal vesicles with Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and inducing release of the encapsulated drug using ultrasound. To further enhance the delivery efficiency, nanoemulsion droplets exhibiting responsiveness to low-frequency ultrasound are encapsulated within these lipid vesicles. In this study, we prepared four different liposomal formulations, namely pegylated liposomes, emulsion liposomes (eLiposomes), HER-conjugated liposomes, and HER-conjugated eLiposomes, each loaded with calcein and subjected to a thorough characterization process. Their sizes, phospholipid concentration, and amount of antibody conjugation were compared and analyzed. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the encapsulation of nanoemulsion droplets within the liposomes. The drug-releasing performance of Herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes was found to surpass that of other liposomal formulations with a notably higher calcein release and established it as a highly effective nanocarrier. The study showcases the efficacy of calcein-loaded and Herceptin-conjugated eLiposomes, which demonstrate rapid and efficient drug release among other liposomal formulations when subjected to ultrasound. This discovery paves the way for a more targeted, efficient, and humane approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah Noor Zafar
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box. 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Pande S. Liposomes for drug delivery: review of vesicular composition, factors affecting drug release and drug loading in liposomes. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:428-440. [PMID: 37594208 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2247036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are considered among the most versatile and advanced nanoparticle delivery systems used to target drugs to specific cells and tissues. Structurally, liposomes are sphere-like vesicles of phospholipid molecules that are surrounded by equal number of aqueous compartments. The spherical shell encapsulates an aqueous interior which contains substances such as peptides and proteins, hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, antifungal and anticancer agents. This structural property of liposomes makes it an important nano-carrier for drug delivery. Extrusion is one of the most frequently used technique for preparing monodisperse uni-lamellar liposomes as the technique is used to control vesicle size. The process involves passage of lipid suspension through polycarbonate membrane with a fixed pore size to produce vesicles with a diameter near the pore size of the membrane used in preparing them. An advantage of this technique is that there is no need to remove the organic solvent or detergent from the final preparation. This review focuses on composition of liposome formulation with special emphasis on factors affecting drug release and drug-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pande
- Drug Product Technical Services, Wave Life Sciences, Lexington, MA, USA
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4
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Liu H, Zhao J, Xue Y, Zhang J, Bai H, Pan S, Peng B, Li L, Voelcker NH. X-Ray-Induced Drug Release for Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306100. [PMID: 37278399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are designed to deliver therapeutic agents to specific target sites while minimizing systemic toxicity. Recent developments in drug-loaded DDSs have demonstrated promising characteristics and paved new pathways for cancer treatment. Light, a prevalent external stimulus, is widely utilized to trigger drug release. However, conventional light sources primarily concentrate on the ultraviolet (UV) and visible light regions, which suffer from limited biological tissue penetration. This limitation hinders applications for deep-tissue tumor drug release. Given their deep tissue penetration and well-established application technology, X-rays have recently received attention for the pursuit of controlled drug release. With precise spatiotemporal and dosage controllability, X-rays stand as an ideal stimulus for achieving controlled drug release in deep-tissue cancer therapy. This article explores the recent advancements in using X-rays for stimulus-triggered drug release in DDSs and delves into their action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Sijun Pan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics, IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, 13 Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics, IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME) and Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Bang C, Park MG, Cho IK, Lee DE, Kim GL, Jang EH, Shim MK, Yoon HY, Lee S, Kim JH. Liposomes targeting the cancer cell-exposed receptor, claudin-4, for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:53. [PMID: 37237291 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-4 (CLDN4), a tight junction protein, is overexpressed in several types of cancer, and is considered a biomarker for cancer-targeted treatment. CLDN4 is not exposed in normal cells, but becomes accessible in cancer cells, in which tight junctions are weakened. Notably, surface-exposed CLDN4 has recently been found to act as a receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) and fragment of CPE (CPE17) that binds to the second domain of CLDN4. METHODS Here, we sought to develop a CPE17-containing liposome that targets pancreatic cancers through binding to exposed CLDN4. RESULTS Doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded, CPE17-conjugated liposomes (D@C-LPs) preferentially targeted CLDN4-expressing cell lines, as evidenced by greater uptake and cytotoxicity compared with CLDN4-negative cell lines, whereas uptake and cytotoxicity of Dox-loaded liposomes lacking CPE17 (D@LPs) was similar for both CLDN4-positive and negative cell lines. Notably, D@C-LPs showed greater accumulation in targeted pancreatic tumor tissues compared with normal pancreas tissue; in contrast, Dox-loaded liposomes lacking CPE17 (D@LPs) showed little accumulation in pancreatic tumor tissues. Consistent with this, D@C-LPs showed greater anticancer efficacy compared with other liposome formulations and significantly extended survival. CONCLUSIONS We expect our findings will aid in the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer and provide a framework for identifying cancer-specific strategies that target exposed receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Bang
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02797, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Lim Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyang Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02797, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduated School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduated School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Updates on Responsive Drug Delivery Based on Liposome Vehicles for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102195. [PMID: 36297630 PMCID: PMC9608678 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are well-known nanoparticles with a non-toxic nature and the ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs simultaneously. As modern drug delivery formulations are produced by emerging technologies, numerous advantages of liposomal drug delivery systems over conventional liposomes or free drug treatment of cancer have been reported. Recently, liposome nanocarriers have exhibited high drug loading capacity, drug protection, improved bioavailability, enhanced intercellular delivery, and better therapeutic effect because of resounding success in targeting delivery. The site targeting of smart responsive liposomes, achieved through changes in their physicochemical and morphological properties, allows for the controlled release of active compounds under certain endogenous or exogenous stimuli. In that way, the multifunctional and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for the drug delivery of cancer therapeutics enhance the efficacy of treatment prevention and fighting over metastases, while limiting the systemic side effects on healthy tissues and organs. Since liposomes constitute promising nanocarriers for site-targeted and controlled anticancer drug release, this review focuses on the recent progress of smart liposome achievements for anticancer drug delivery applications.
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7
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Alrbyawi H, Poudel I, Annaji M, Arnold RD, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Recent Advancements of Stimuli-Responsive Targeted Liposomal Formulations for Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:3-23. [PMID: 35156590 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220214102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have gained attention as a well-accepted nanocarrier for several chemotherapeutic drugs and are considered a drug delivery system of choice for a wide range of products. These amphipathic spherical vesicles primarily consist of one or more phospholipid bilayers, showing promise for drug delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in addition to unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Recent advances in liposomes are mainly centered on chemical and structural modification with the multifunctional approach to target the cancer cells activating the offensive mechanisms within the proximity of the tumors. Stimuli-responsive liposomes are a precisive approach to deliver and release chemotherapeutic drugs in the tumor site in a controlled fashion, thus reducing damage to normal tissues and preventing the side effects of the conventional chemotherapy regimen. The unique characteristics in the tumor microenvironment facilitate applying an endogenous stimulus (pH, redox potential, or enzymatic activity) to trigger the release of the drug, or external stimulus (heat or light) could be applied to tailor the drug release from liposomes. This review focuses on newer developments in stimuli-sensitive liposomal drug delivery systems designed to apply either exogenous (temperature, light, and magnetic field) or endogenous (pH changes, enzymatic triggers, or redox potential) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alrbyawi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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8
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Magarkar A, Koivuniemi A, Róg T, Bunker A. Mechanistic Insight into How PEGylation Reduces the Efficacy of pH-Sensitive Liposomes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2612-2621. [PMID: 34096310 PMCID: PMC8289284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Liposome-based drug
delivery systems composed of DOPE stabilized
with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHMS) have been proposed as a drug
delivery mechanism with pH-triggered release as the anionic form (CHSa)
is protonated (CHS) at reduced pH; PEGylation is known to decrease
this pH sensitivity. In this manuscript, we set out to use molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations with a model with all-atom resolution to
provide insight into why incorporation of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)
into DOPE–CHMS liposomes reduces their pH sensitivity; we also
address two additional questions: (1) How CHSa stabilizes DOPE bilayers
into a lamellar conformation at a physiological pH of 7.4? and (2)
how the change from CHSa to CHS at acidic pH triggers the destabilization
of DOPE bilayers? We found that (A) CHSa stabilizes the DOPE lipid
membrane by increasing the hydrophilicity of the bilayer surface,
(B) when CHSa changes to CHS by pH reduction, DOPE bilayers are destabilized
due to a reduction in bilayer hydrophilicity and a reduction in the
area per lipid, and (C) PEG stabilizes DOPE bilayers into the lamellar
phase, thus reducing the pH sensitivity of the liposomes by increasing
the area per lipid through penetration into the bilayer, which is
our main focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudzadeh
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaarie 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaarie 5 E, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Sun Y, Davis E. Nanoplatforms for Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery: A Review of Platform Materials and Stimuli-Responsive Release and Targeting Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:746. [PMID: 33809633 PMCID: PMC8000772 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the promise of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, they should (1) avoid premature clearance; (2) accumulate in tumors and undergo endocytosis by cancer cells; and (3) exhibit appropriate stimuli-responsive release of the payload. It is challenging to address all of these requirements simultaneously. However, the numerous proof-of-concept studies addressing one or more of these requirements reported every year have dramatically expanded the toolbox available for the design of drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in the targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of drug delivery systems. It begins with a discussion of nanocarrier types and an overview of the factors influencing nanocarrier biodistribution. On-demand release strategies and their application to each type of nanocarrier are reviewed, including both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive targeting strategies are also discussed. The remaining challenges and prospective solutions in the field are discussed throughout the review, which is intended to assist researchers in overcoming interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and increase the speed of development. This review presents a nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems toolbox that enables the application of techniques across platforms and inspires researchers with interdisciplinary information to boost the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Davis
- Materials Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, 101 Wilmore Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
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Osborn J, Pullan JE, Froberg J, Shreffler J, Gange KN, Molden T, Choi Y, Brooks A, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Echogenic Exosomes as ultrasound contrast agents. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3411-3422. [PMID: 36034734 PMCID: PMC9410358 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally secreted extracellular bilayer vesicles (diameter 40-130 nm), which have recently been found to play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication and biomolecule delivery. Their unique characteristics-stability, permeability, biocompatibility and low immunogenicity-have made them a prime candidate for use in delivering cancer therapeutics and other natural products. Here we present the first ever report of echogenic exosomes, which combine the benefits of the acoustic responsiveness of traditional microbubbles with the non-immunogenic and small-size morphology of exosomes. Microbubbles, although effective as ultrasound contrast agents, are restricted to intravascular usage due to their large size. In the current study, we have rendered bovine milk-derived exosomes echogenic by freeze drying them in the presence of mannitol. Ultrasound imaging and direct measurement of linear and nonlinear scattered responses were used to investigate the echogenicity and stability of the prepared exosomes. A commercial scanner registered enhancement (28.9% at 40 MHz) in the brightness of ultrasound images in presence of echogenic exosomes at 5 mg/mL. The exosomes also showed significant linear and nonlinear scattered responses-11 dB enhancement in fundamental, 8.5 dB in subharmonic and 3.5 dB in second harmonic all at 40 μg/mL concentration. Echogenic exosomes injected into the tail vein of mice and the synovial fluid of rats resulted in significantly higher brightness-as much as 300%-of the ultrasound images, showing their promise in a variety of in vivo applications. The echogenic exosomes, with their large-scale extractability from bovine milk, lack of toxicity and minimal immunogenic response, successfully served as ultrasound contrast agents in this study and offer an exciting possibility to act as an effective ultrasound responsive drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Osborn
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052USA
| | - Jessica E. Pullan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - James Froberg
- Physics, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Jacob Shreffler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Kara N. Gange
- Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Todd Molden
- Animal Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Yongki Choi
- Physics, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Amanda Brooks
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052USA
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11
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Liu C, Ewert KK, Yao W, Wang N, Li Y, Safinya CR, Qiao W. A Multifunctional Lipid Incorporating Active Targeting and Dual-Control Release Capabilities for Precision Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:70-85. [PMID: 31774266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active targeting and precise control of drug release based on nanoparticle therapies are urgently required to precisely treat cancer. We have custom-synthesized a functional lipid (termed Fa-ONB) by introducing a folic acid-targeting group into an o-nitro-benzyl ester lipid. As designed, the liposomes formed by Fa-ONB combine active targeting and dual trigger release capabilities, which help to improve drug efficacy and reduce the toxicity of traditional liposomes. We first verified that both pH-induced hydrolysis and light treatment were able to cleave the Fa-ONB lipid. We then prepared a series of liposomes (termed FOBD liposomes) by compounding the Fa-ONB lipid with DOPC at different ratios. After encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX), we found that the particle size of DOX-loaded FOBD liposomes (DOX/FOBD) first increased (290 to 700 nm) and then decreased again (to 400 nm) under continuous UV irradiation (120 min). The photocatalytic release efficiency under different pH conditions was investigated by dialysis experiments, and it was found that the release efficiency in an acidic environment was significantly increased relative to neutral pH. This pH-triggered release response helps distinguish pathological tissues such as lysosomal compartments and tumors. The light-induced formation of a DOX precipitate increases in efficiency with increasing UV exposure time as well as with increasing environmental acidity or alkalinity. In addition, confocal imaging and flow cytometry showed that the ability of FOBD lipids to actively target HeLa cells increased with increasing Fa-ONB lipid content. Real-time in vivo fluorescence small animal experiments proved targeting to tumors and pH- and photo-induced release properties. Furthermore, therapeutic experiments using a mouse model found a significant tumor inhibitory effect for DOX/FOBD55 liposomes with UV irradiation, clearly demonstrating the benefit of light treatment: the tumor size of the control (PBS) group was 7.59 times that of the light treatment group. Therefore, this research demonstrates the benefits of combining triggerable release functions and effective active tumor targeting in one small lipid molecule for precise cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | | | - Weihe Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Weihong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces represent important routes of entry into the human body for the majority of pathogens, and they constitute unique sites for targeted vaccine delivery. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are emerging technologies for delivering and improving the efficacy of mucosal vaccines. Recent studies have provided new insights into formulation and delivery aspects of importance for the design of safe and efficacious mucosal subunit vaccines based on nanoparticles. These include novel nanomaterials, their physicochemical properties and formulation approaches, nanoparticle interaction with immune cells in the mucosa, and mucosal immunization and delivery strategies. Here, we present recent progress in the application of nanoparticle-based approaches for mucosal vaccine delivery and discuss future research challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Karandish F, Mamnoon B, Feng L, Haldar MK, Xia L, Gange KN, You S, Choi Y, Sarkar K, Mallik S. Nucleus-Targeted, Echogenic Polymersomes for Delivering a Cancer Stemness Inhibitor to Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4122-4132. [PMID: 30169024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancers show considerable side effects, toxicity, and drug resistance. To mitigate the problems, we designed nucleus-targeted, echogenic, stimuli-responsive polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) to transport and subsequently release the encapsulated anticancer drugs within the nuclei of pancreatic cancer cells. We synthesized an alkyne-dexamethasone derivative and conjugated it to N3-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polylactic acid (PLA) copolymer employing the Cu2+ catalyzed "Click" reaction. We prepared polymersomes from the dexamethasone-PEG-PLA conjugate along with a synthesized stimuli-responsive polymer PEG-S-S-PLA. The dexamethasone group dilates the nuclear pore complexes and transports the vesicles to the nuclei. We designed the polymersomes to release the encapsulated drugs in the presence of a high concentration of reducing agents in the nuclei of pancreatic cancer cells. We observed that the nucleus-targeted, stimuli-responsive polymersomes released 70% of encapsulated contents in the nucleus-mimicking environment in 80 min. We encapsulated the cancer stemness inhibitor BBI608 in the vesicles and observed that the BBI608 encapsulated polymersomes reduced the viability of the BxPC3 cells to 43% in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. The polymersomes were prepared following a special protocol so that they scatter ultrasound, allowing imaging by a medical ultrasound scanner. Therefore, these echogenic, targeted, stimuli-responsive, and drug-encapsulated polymersomes have the potential for trackable, targeted carrier of chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lang Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States
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Controlled gene and drug release from a liposomal delivery platform triggered by X-ray radiation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2713. [PMID: 30006596 PMCID: PMC6045614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been well established as an effective drug delivery system, due to simplicity of their preparation and unique characteristics. However conventional liposomes are unsuitable for the on-demand content release, which limits their therapeutic utility. Here we report X-ray-triggerable liposomes incorporating gold nanoparticles and photosensitizer verteporfin. The 6 MeV X-ray radiation induces verteporfin to produce singlet oxygen, which destabilises the liposomal membrane and causes the release of cargos from the liposomal cavity. This triggering strategy is demonstrated by the efficiency of gene silencing in vitro and increased effectiveness of chemotherapy in vivo. Our work indicates the feasibility of a combinatorial treatment and possible synergistic effects in the course of standard radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy delivered via X-ray-triggered liposomes. Importantly, our X-ray-mediated liposome release strategy offers prospects for deep tissue photodynamic therapy, by removing its depth limitation. X-ray radiation has excellent tissue penetration depth, making it a useful trigger for deep tissue cancer therapy. Here, the authors design X-ray triggered drug/gene-loaded liposomes by embedding photosensitizers and gold nanoparticles in the liposome bilayer, and demonstrate their efficacy in cancer and gene therapy.
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Xia L, Karandish F, Kumar KN, Froberg J, Kulkarni P, Gange KN, Choi Y, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Acoustic Characterization of Echogenic Polymersomes Prepared From Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:447-457. [PMID: 29229268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are a class of artificial vesicles prepared from amphiphilic polymers. Like lipid vesicles (liposomes), they too can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules in the aqueous core and the hydrophobic bilayer respectively, but are more stable than liposomes. Although echogenic liposomes have been widely investigated for simultaneous ultrasound imaging and controlled drug delivery, the potential of the polymersomes remains unexplored. We prepared two different echogenic polymersomes from the amphiphilic copolymers polyethylene glycol-poly-DL-lactic acid (PEG-PLA) and polyethylene glycol-poly-L-lactic acid (PEG-PLLA), incorporating multiple freeze-dry cycles in the synthesis protocol to ensure their echogenicity. We investigated acoustic behavior with potential applications in biomedical imaging. We characterized the polymeric vesicles acoustically with three different excitation frequencies of 2.25, 5 and 10 MHz at 500 kPa. The polymersomes exhibited strong echogenicity at all three excitation frequencies (about 50- and 25-dB enhancements in fundamental and subharmonic, respectively, at 5-MHz excitation from 20 µg/mL polymers in solution). Unlike echogenic liposomes, they emitted strong subharmonic responses. The scattering results indicated their potential as contrast agents, which was also confirmed by clinical ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Fataneh Karandish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Krishna Nandan Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - James Froberg
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Prajakta Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kara N Gange
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
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Maiti B, Kumar K, Moitra P, Kondaiah P, Bhattacharya S. Reduction Responsive Nanovesicles Derived from Novel α-Tocopheryl-Lipoic Acid Conjugates for Efficacious Drug Delivery to Sensitive and Drug Resistant Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:255-266. [PMID: 29268009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two novel α-tocopheryl-lipoic acid conjugates (TL1 and TL2) were synthesized for the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), delivery. Both conjugates were able to form stable nanovesicles. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) was determined using 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMACA) as a fluorescence probe. Formation of highly packed nanovesicles was characterized by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence anisotropy and microviscosity measurements. The morphologies of nanovesicles were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The response of nanovesicles to reducing environment of cells was probed by the addition of dithiothreitol (DTT), which was followed by the increase in the hydrodynamic diameter under dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The encapsulation efficiency of a commonly used anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), in nanovesicles was found to be ∼60% and ∼55% for TL1 and TL2, respectively (TL1-DOX and TL2-DOX). Also, the cumulative drug (DOX) release from DOX-encapsulated nanovesicles in response to biological reducing agent glutathione (GSH) was ∼50% and ∼40% for TL1-DOX and TL2-DOX, respectively, over a period of 10 h. Both TL1-DOX and TL2-DOX delivered the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), across the DOX-sensitive and DOX-resistant HeLa (HeLa-DOXR) cells in an efficient manner and significantly more efficaciously than the drug alone treatments, especially in HeLa-DOXR cells. The nanovesicle mediated DOX treatment also showed significantly higher cell death when compared to DOX alone treatment in HeLa-DOXR cells. Blood compatibility of the nanovesicles was supported from clotting time, hemolysis, and red blood cell (RBC) aggregation experiments for their potential in vivo applications. Concisely, we present biocompatible and responsive nanovesicles for efficacious drug delivery to drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappa Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India.,Director's Research Unit and ∥Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India.,Director's Research Unit and ∥Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India.,Director's Research Unit and ∥Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India.,Director's Research Unit and ∥Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India.,Director's Research Unit and ∥Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Kolkata 700032, India
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Kumar KN, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Role of freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol on the echogenicity of echogenic liposomes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:3670. [PMID: 29289081 PMCID: PMC5736393 DOI: 10.1121/1.5017607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIPs) are an excellent candidate for ultrasound activated therapeutics and imaging. Although multiple experiments have established their echogenicity, the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. However, freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol during ELIP preparation has proved critical to ensuring echogenicity. Here, the role of this key component in the preparation protocol was investigated by measuring scattering from freshly prepared freeze-dried aqueous solution of mannitol-and a number of other excipients commonly used in lyophilization-directly dispersed in water without any lipids in the experiment. Mannitol, meso-erythritol, glycine, and glucose that form a highly porous crystalline phase upon freeze-drying generated bubbles resulting in strong echoes during their dissolution. On the other hand, sucrose, trehalose, and xylitol, which become glassy while freeze-dried, did not. Freeze-dried mannitol and other crystalline substances, if thawed before being introduced into the scattering volume, did not produce echogenicity, as they lost their crystallinity in the thawed state. The echogenicity disappeared in a degassed environment. Higher amounts of sugar in the original aqueous solution before freeze-drying resulted in higher echogenicity because of the stronger supersaturation and crystallinity. The bubbles created by the freeze-dried mannitol in the ELIP formulation play a critical role in making ELIPs echogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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18
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Wan WL, Chung MF, Shih PC, Sung HW. Response to Comment on "A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO 2 Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing and Cell Necrosis". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11690-11692. [PMID: 28815902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Fan Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Chien Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
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19
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Wan WL, Chung MF, Shih PC, Sung HW. Response to Comment on “A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO 2Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing and Cell Necrosis”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Fan Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Chien Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
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20
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Mebrouk K, Ciancone M, Vives T, Cammas-Marion S, Benvegnu T, Le Goff-Gaillard C, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Fourmigué M, Camerel F. Fine and Clean Photothermally Controlled NIR Drug Delivery from Biocompatible Nickel-bis(dithiolene)-Containing Liposomes. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1753-1758. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mebrouk
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Mathieu Ciancone
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Thomas Vives
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, ENSCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837 35708 Rennes Cedex 7 France
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, ENSCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837 35708 Rennes Cedex 7 France
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, ENSCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837 35708 Rennes Cedex 7 France
| | - Catherine Le Goff-Gaillard
- Institut de Génétique et développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR-CNRS 6290; Université de Rennes 1, Biosit-2; Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard 35000 Rennes France
| | - Yannick Arlot-Bonnemains
- Institut de Génétique et développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR-CNRS 6290; Université de Rennes 1, Biosit-2; Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard 35000 Rennes France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR, UMR-CNRS 6226; Université de Rennes 1; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
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Chakraborty S, Dhakshinamurthy GS, Misra SK. Tailoring of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers for effective anti-cancer applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017. [PMID: 28643475 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged strongly as a viable option to overcome the challenge of early diagnosis and effective drug delivery, for cancer treatment. Emerging research articles have expounded the advantages of using a specific type of nanomaterial-based system called as "nanocarriers," for anti-cancer therapy. The nanocarrier system is used as a transport unit for targeted drug delivery of the therapeutic drug moiety. In order for the nanocarriers to be effective for anticancer therapy, their physicochemical parameter needs to be tuned so that bio-functionalisation can be achieved to (1) allow drugs being attached to the substrate and for their controlled release, (2) ensure the stability of the nanocarrier up to the point of delivery, and (3) clearance of the nanocarrier after the delivery. It is therefore envisaged that tailoring of the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers can greatly influence their reactivity and interaction in the biological milieu, and this is becoming an important parameter for increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy. This review emphasizes the importance of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, and how they influence its usage as chemotherapeutic drug carriers. The goal of this review is to present a correlation between the physicochemical properties of the nanocarriers and its intended action, and how their design based on these properties can enhance their cancer combating abilities while minimizing damage to the healthy tissues. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2906-2928, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Chakraborty
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382424, India
| | | | - Superb K Misra
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, 382424, India
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22
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Alamoudi K, Martins P, Croissant JG, Patil S, Omar H, Khashab NM. Thermoresponsive pegylated bubble liposome nanovectors for efficient siRNA delivery via endosomal escape. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1421-1433. [PMID: 28524721 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Improving the delivery of siRNA into cancer cells via bubble liposomes. Designing a thermoresponsive pegylated liposome through the introduction of ammonium bicarbonate salt into liposomes so as to control their endosomal escape for gene therapy. METHODS A sub-200 nm nanovector was fully characterized and examined for cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, endosomal escape and gene silencing. RESULTS The siRNA-liposomes were internalized into cancer cells within 5 min and then released siRNAs in the cytosol prior to lysosomal degradation upon external temperature elevation. This was confirmed by confocal bioimaging and gene silencing reaching up to 90% and further demonstrated by the protein inhibition of both target genes. CONCLUSION The thermoresponsiveness of ammonium bicarbonate containing liposomes enabled the rapid endosomal escape of the particles and resulted in an efficient gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholod Alamoudi
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia Martins
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonas G Croissant
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Patil
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Omar
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Huang H, Lovell JF. Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Theranostics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1603524. [PMID: 28824357 PMCID: PMC5560626 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201603524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials have been explored extensively as agents for therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e. theranostic) applications. Research efforts have shifted from exploring new materials in vitro to designing materials that function in more relevant animal disease models, thereby increasing potential for clinical translation. Current interests include non-invasive imaging of diseases, biomarkers and targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, we discuss some general design considerations of advanced theranostic materials and challenges of their use, from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Common classes of nanoscale biomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and organic dye-based nanoparticles, have demonstrated potential for both diagnosis and therapy. Variations such as size control and surface modifications can modulate biocompatibility and interactions with target tissues. The needs for improved disease detection and enhanced chemotherapeutic treatments, together with realistic considerations for clinically translatable nanomaterials will be key driving factors for theranostic agent research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
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Kim H, Lee Y, Kang S, Choi M, Lee S, Kim S, Gujrati V, Kim J, Jon S. Self-assembled nanoparticles comprising aptide-SN38 conjugates for use in targeted cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:48LT01. [PMID: 27804918 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/48/48lt01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) have been intensively utilized as cancer drug delivery carriers because hydrophobic anticancer drugs may be efficiently loaded into the particle cores. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the therapeutic index of self-assembled NPs chemically conjugated to a fibronectin extra domain B-specific peptide (APTEDB) and an anticancer agent SN38. The APTEDB-SN38 formed self-assembled structures with a diameter of 58 ± 3 nm in an aqueous solution and displayed excellent drug loading, solubility, and stability properties. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that the blood circulation half-life of SN38 following injection of the APTEDB-SN38 NPs was markedly higher than that of the small molecule CPT-11. The APTEDB-SN38 NPs delivered SN38 to tumor sites by both passive and active targeting. Finally, the APTEDB-SN38 NPs exhibited potent antitumor activities and low toxicities against EDB-expressing tumors (LLC, U87MG) in mice. This system merits further preclinical and clinical investigations for SN38 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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25
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Müller K, Kessel E, Klein PM, Höhn M, Wagner E. Post-PEGylation of siRNA Lipo-oligoamino Amide Polyplexes Using Tetra-glutamylated Folic Acid as Ligand for Receptor-Targeted Delivery. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2332-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Müller
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Kessel
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Klein
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
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26
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Liposomal Aerosols of Nitric Oxide (NO) Donor as a Long-Acting Substitute for the Ultra-Short-Acting Inhaled NO in the Treatment of PAH. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1696-710. [PMID: 27048347 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study seeks to develop a liposomal formulation of diethylenetriamine NONOate (DN), a long acting nitric oxide (NO) donor, with a goal to replace inhaled NO (iNO) in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS Liposomal formulations were prepared by a lipid film hydration method and modified with a cell penetrating peptide, CAR. The particles were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, storage and nebulization stability, and in-vitro release profiles. The cellular uptake and transport were assessed in rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activated rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The fraction of the formulation that enters the systemic circulation, after intratracheal administration, was determined in an Isolated Perfused Rat Lung (IPRL) model. The safety of the formulations were assessed using an MTT assay and by measuring injury markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; the pharmacological efficacy was evaluated by monitoring the changes in the mean pulmonary arterial (mPAP) and systemic pressure (mSAP) in a monocrotaline (MCT) induced-PAH rat model RESULTS Liposome size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were 171 ± 4 nm, -37 ± 3 mV, and 46 ± 5%, respectively. The liposomes released 70 ± 5% of the drug in 8 h and were stable when stored at 4°C. CAR-conjugated-liposomes were taken up more efficiently by PASMCs than liposomes-without-CAR; the uptake of the formulations by rat alveolar macrophages was minimal. DN-liposomes did not increase lung weight, protein quantity, and levels of injury markers in the BAL fluid. Intratracheal CAR-liposomes reduced the entry of liposomes from the lung to blood; the formulations produced a 40% reduction in mPAP for 180 minutes. CONCLUSION This study establishes the proof-of-concept that peptide modified liposomal formulations of long-acting NO donor can be an alternative to short-acting iNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Pattni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir V Chupin
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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