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Stoodley MA, Rochford LA, Lee TL, Klein BP, Duncan DA, Maurer RJ. Structure of Graphene Grown on Cu(111): X-Ray Standing Wave Measurement and Density Functional Theory Prediction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:196201. [PMID: 38804932 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.196201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the quantitative adsorption structure of pristine graphene on Cu(111) determined using the normal incidence x-ray standing wave technique. The experiments constitute an important benchmark reference for the development of density functional theory approximations able to capture long-range dispersion interactions. Electronic structure calculations based on many-body dispersion-inclusive density functional theory are able to accurately predict the absolute measure and variation of adsorption height when the coexistence of multiple moiré superstructures is considered. This provides a structural model consistent with scanning probe microscopy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stoodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 ODE, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Rochford
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 ODE, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 ODE, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt P Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 ODE, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - David A Duncan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 ODE, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
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2
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Dong W, Li X, Lu S, Li J, Wang Y, Zhong M, Dong X, Xu Z, Shen Q, Gao S, Wu K, Peng LM, Hou S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes to Sub-5-nm Graphene Nanoribbons on Cu(111) by Surface Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308430. [PMID: 38126626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising in nanoelectronics for their quasi-1D structures with tunable bandgaps. The methods for controllable fabrication of high-quality GNRs are still limited. Here a way to generate sub-5-nm GNRs by annealing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on Cu(111) is demonstrated. The structural evolution process is characterized by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Substrate-dependent measurements on Au(111) and Ru(0001) reveal that the intermediate strong SWCNT-surface interaction plays a pivotal role in the formation of GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingjun Zhong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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3
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Yamada TK, Nemoto R, Ishii H, Nishino F, Chang YH, Wang CH, Krüger P, Horie M. Designing 2D stripe winding network through crown-ether intermediate Ullmann coupling on Cu(111) surface. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:718-730. [PMID: 38533801 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00586k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis typically yields the most thermodynamically stable ordered arrangement, a principle also governing surface synthesis on an atomically level two-dimensional (2D) surface, fostering the creation of structured 2D formations. The linear connection arising from energetically stable chemical bonding precludes the generation of a 2D random network comprised of one-dimensional (1D) convoluted stripes through on-surface synthesis. Nonetheless, we underscored that on-surface synthesis possesses the capability not solely to fashion a 2D ordered linear network but also to fabricate a winding 2D network employing a precursor with a soft ring and intermediate state bonding within the Ullmann reaction. Here, on-surface synthesis was exhibited on Cu(111) employing a 2D self-assembled monolayer array of 4,4',5,5'-tetrabromodibenzo[18]crown-6 ether (BrCR) precursors. These precursors were purposefully structured, with a crown ether ring at the core and Br atoms positioned at the head and tail ends, facilitating preferential connections along the elongated axis to foster a 1D stripe configuration. We illustrate how adjustments in the quantities of the intermediate state, serving as a primary linkage, can yield a labyrinthine, convoluted winding 2D network of stripes. The progression of growth, underlying mechanisms, and electronic structures were scrutinized using an ultrahigh vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) setup combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This experimental evidence opens a novel functionality in leveraging on-surface synthesis for the formation of a 2D random network. This discovery holds promise as a pioneering constituent in the construction of a ring host supramolecule, augmenting its capability to ensnare guest atoms, molecules, or ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Kazu Yamada
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nemoto
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Haruki Ishii
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Fumi Nishino
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Peter Krüger
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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4
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Yang D, Laarman JH, Tonouchi M. Sensitive Characterization of the Graphene Transferred onto Varied Si Wafer Surfaces via Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy and Microscopy (TES/LTEM). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1497. [PMID: 38612011 PMCID: PMC11012325 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Graphene shows great potential in developing the next generation of electronic devices. However, the real implementation of graphene-based electronic devices needs to be compatible with existing silicon-based nanofabrication processes. Characterizing the properties of the graphene/silicon interface rapidly and non-invasively is crucial for this endeavor. In this study, we employ terahertz emission spectroscopy and microscopy (TES/LTEM) to evaluate large-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) monolayer graphene transferred onto silicon wafers, aiming to assess the dynamic electronic properties of graphene and perform large-scale graphene mapping. By comparing THz emission properties from monolayer graphene on different types of silicon substrates, including those treated with buffered oxide etches, we discern the influence of native oxide layers and surface dipoles on graphene. Finally, the mechanism of THz emission from the graphene/silicon heterojunction is discussed, and the large-scale mapping of monolayer graphene on silicon is achieved successfully. These results demonstrate the efficacy of TES/LTEM for graphene characterization in the modern graphene-based semiconductor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxun Yang
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jesse Henri Laarman
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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6
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Song YH, Muzaffar MU, Wang Q, Wang Y, Jia Y, Cui P, Zhang W, Wang XS, Zhang Z. Realization of large-area ultraflat chiral blue phosphorene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1157. [PMID: 38326296 PMCID: PMC10850065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Blue phosphorene (BlueP), a theoretically proposed phosphorous allotrope with buckled honeycomb lattice, has attracted considerable interest due to its intriguing properties. Introducing chirality into BlueP can further enrich its physical and chemical properties, expanding its potential for applications. However, the synthesis of chiral BlueP remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the growth of large-area BlueP films on Cu(111), with lateral size limited by the wafer dimensions. Importantly, we discovered that the BlueP is characterized by an ultraflat honeycomb lattice, rather than the prevailing buckled structure, and develops highly ordered spatial chirality plausibly resulting from the rotational stacking with the substrate and interface strain release, as further confirmed by the geometric phase analysis. Moreover, spectroscopic measurements reveal its intrinsic metallic nature and different characteristic quantum oscillations in the image-potential states, which can be exploited for a range of potential applications including polarization optics, spintronics, and chiral catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Heng Song
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - M U Muzaffar
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yunhui Wang
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ping Cui
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xue-Sen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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7
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Hong Z, Zheng Z, Kong L, Zhao L, Liu S, Li W, Shi J. Welded Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Hybrids with Tunable Strain Sensing Behavior for Wide-Range Bio-Signal Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:238. [PMID: 38257037 PMCID: PMC10819715 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have commonly been applied as the sensitive layer of strain sensors. However, the buckling deformation of CNTs and the crack generation of graphene usually leads to an unsatisfactory strain sensing performance. In this work, we developed a universal strategy to prepare welded CNT-graphene hybrids with tunable compositions and a tunable bonding strength between components by the in situ reduction of CNT-graphene oxide (GO) hybrid by thermal annealing. The stiffness of the hybrid film could be tailored by both initial CNT/GO dosage and annealing temperature, through which its electromechanical behaviors could also be defined. The strain sensor based on the CNT-graphene hybrid could be applied to collect epidermal bio-signals by both capturing the faint skin deformation from wrist pulse and recording the large deformations from joint bending, which has great potential in health monitoring, motion sensing and human-machine interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Hong
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
- Chinese Laser Science (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Zetao Zheng
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jidong Shi
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
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8
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Situ B, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Tu Y. Graphene oxide-based large-area dynamic covalent interfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17739-17750. [PMID: 37916524 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic materials, being capable of reversible structural adaptation in response to the variation of external surroundings, have experienced significant advancements in the past several decades. In particular, dynamic covalent materials (DCMs), where the dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) can reversibly break and reform under defined conditions, present superior dynamic characteristics, such as self-adaptivity, self-healing and shape memory. However, the dynamic characteristics of DCBs are mainly limited within the length scale of covalent bonds, due to the local position exchange or the inter-distance variation between the chemical compositions involved in the reversible covalent reactions. In this minireview, a discussion regarding the realization of long-range migration of chemical compositions along the interfaces of graphene oxide (GO)-based materials via the spatially connected and consecutive occurrence of DCB-based reversible covalent reactions is presented, and the interfaces are termed "large-area dynamic covalent interfaces (LDCIs)". The effective strategies, including water adsorption, interfacial curvature and metal-substrate support, as well as the potential applications of LDCIs in water dissociation and humidity sensing are summarized. Additionally, we also give an outlook on potential strategies to realize LDCIs on other 2D carbon-based materials, including the interfacial morphology and periodic element doping. This minireview provides insights into the realization of LDCIs on a wider range of 2D materials, and offers a theoretical perspective for advancing materials with long-range dynamic characteristics and improved performance, including controlled drug delivery/release and high-efficiency (bio)sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Situ
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yusong Tu
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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9
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Li J, Li J, Tang J, Tao Z, Xue S, Liu J, Peng H, Chen XQ, Guo J, Zhu X. Direct Observation of Topological Phonons in Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:116602. [PMID: 37774282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Phonons, as the most fundamental emergent bosons in condensed matter systems, play an essential role in the thermal, mechanical, and electronic properties of crystalline materials. Recently, the concept of topology has been introduced to phonon systems, and the nontrivial topological states also exist in phonons due to the constraint by the crystal symmetry of the space group. Although the classification of various topological phonons has been enriched theoretically, experimental studies were limited to several three-dimensional (3D) single crystals with inelastic x-ray or neutron scatterings. The experimental evidence of topological phonons in two-dimensional (2D) materials is absent. Here, using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy following our theoretical predictions, we directly map out the phonon spectra of the atomically thin graphene in the entire 2D Brillouin zone, and observe two nodal-ring phonons and four Dirac phonons. The closed loops of nodal-ring phonons and the conical structure of Dirac phonons in 2D momentum space are clearly revealed by our measurements, in nice agreement with our theoretical calculations. The ability of 3D mapping (2D momentum space and energy space) of phonon spectra opens up a new avenue to the systematic identification of the topological phononic states. Our work lays a solid foundation for potential applications of topological phonons in superconductivity, dynamic instability, and phonon diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiade Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangxu Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jilin Tang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Zhiyu Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siwei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xing-Qiu Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xuetao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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10
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Xin X, Chen J, Ma L, Ma T, Xin W, Xu H, Ren W, Liu Y. Grain Size Engineering of CVD-Grown Large-Area Graphene Films. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300156. [PMID: 37075746 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted much attention because of its outstanding properties hold great promise for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films (GFs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are highly desirable for both investigating their intrinsic properties and realizing their practical applications. However, the presence of grain boundaries (GBs) has significant impacts on their properties and related applications. According to the different grain sizes, GFs can be divided into polycrystalline, single-crystal, and nanocrystalline films. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in engineering the grain sizes of GFs by modifying the CVD processes or developing some new growth approaches. The key strategies involve controlling the nucleation density, growth rate, and grain orientation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of grain size engineering research of GFs. The main strategies and underlying growth mechanisms of CVD-grown large-area GFs with nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, and single-crystal structures are summarized, in which the advantages and limitations are highlighted. In addition, the scaling law of physical properties in electricity, mechanics, and thermology as a function of grain sizes are briefly discussed. Finally, the perspectives for challenges and future development in this area are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Laipeng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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11
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Unexpectedly Spontaneous Water Dissociation on Graphene Oxide Supported by Copper Substrate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:112-119. [PMID: 37001450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Water dissociation is of fundamental importance in scientific fields and has drawn considerable interest in diverse technological applications. However, the high activation barrier of breaking the OH bond within the water molecule has been identified as the bottleneck, even for the water adsorbed on the graphene oxide (GO). Herein, using the density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the water molecule can be spontaneously dissociated on GO supported by the (111) surface of the copper substrate (Copper-GO). This process involves a proton transferring from water to the interfacial oxygen group, and a hydroxide covalently bonding to GO. Compared to that on GO, the water dissociation barrier on Copper-GO is significantly decreased to be less than or comparable to thermal fluctuations. This is ascribed to the orbital-hybridizing interaction between copper substrate and GO, which enhances the reaction activity of interfacial oxygen groups along the basal plane of GO for water dissociation. Our work provides a novel strategy to access water dissociation via the substrate-enhanced reaction activity of interfacial oxygen groups on GO and indicates that the substrate can serve as an essential key to tuning the catalytic performance of various two-dimensional material devices.
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12
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zheng X, Gan Z, Lin H, Hong M, Jia B. Graphene Metamaterial 3D Conformal Coating for Enhanced Light Harvesting. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2611-2619. [PMID: 36533993 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) photovoltaic devices present possible avenues for overcoming global energy and environmental challenges. The high reflection and surface recombination losses caused by the Si interface and its nanofabrication process are the main hurdles for pursuing a high energy conversion efficiency. However, recent advances have demonstrated great success in improving device performance via proper Si interface modification with the optical and electrical features of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Firmly integrating large-area 2D materials with 3D Si nanostructures with no gap in between, which is essential for optimizing device performance, has rarely been achieved by any technique due to the complex 3D morphology of the nanostructures. Here we propose the concept of a 3D conformal coating of graphene metamaterials, in which the 2D graphene layers perfectly adapt to the 3D Si curvatures, leading to a universal 20% optical reflection decrease and a 60% surface passivation improvement. In a further application of this metamaterial 3D conformal coating methodology to standard Si solar cells, an overall 23% enhancement of the solar energy conversion efficiency is achieved. The 3D conformal coating strategy could be readily extended to various optoelectronic and semiconductor device systems with peculiar performance, offering a pathway for highly efficient energy-harvesting and storage solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Yang
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Xiaorui Zheng
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials (CTAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Minghui Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), RMIT University, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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13
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Burton OJ, Winter Z, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Beschoten B, Stampfer C, Hofmann S. Putting High-Index Cu on the Map for High-Yield, Dry-Transferred CVD Graphene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1229-1238. [PMID: 36594782 PMCID: PMC9878973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reliable, clean transfer and interfacing of 2D material layers are technologically as important as their growth. Bringing both together remains a challenge due to the vast, interconnected parameter space. We introduce a fast-screening descriptor approach to demonstrate holistic data-driven optimization across the entirety of process steps for the graphene-Cu model system. We map the crystallographic dependences of graphene chemical vapor deposition, interfacial Cu oxidation to decouple graphene, and its dry delamination across inverse pole figures. Their overlay enables us to identify hitherto unexplored (168) higher index Cu orientations as overall optimal orientations. We show the effective preparation of such Cu orientations via epitaxial close-space sublimation and achieve mechanical transfer with a very high yield (>95%) and quality of graphene domains, with room-temperature electron mobilities in the range of 40000 cm2/(V s). Our approach is readily adaptable to other descriptors and 2D material systems, and we discuss the opportunities of such a holistic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Burton
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary Winter
- 2nd
Institute of Physics A and JARA-FIT, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | - Bernd Beschoten
- 2nd
Institute of Physics A and JARA-FIT, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stampfer
- 2nd
Institute of Physics A and JARA-FIT, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang S, Liu X, Zhou P. The Road for 2D Semiconductors in the Silicon Age. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106886. [PMID: 34741478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continued reduction in transistor size can improve the performance of silicon integrated circuits (ICs). However, as Moore's law approaches physical limits, high-performance growth in silicon ICs becomes unsustainable, due to challenges of scaling, energy efficiency, and memory limitations. The ultrathin layers, diverse band structures, unique electronic properties, and silicon-compatible processes of 2D materials create the potential to consistently drive advanced performance in ICs. Here, the potential of fusing 2D materials with silicon ICs to minimize the challenges in silicon ICs, and to create technologies beyond the von Neumann architecture, is presented, and the killer applications for 2D materials in logic and memory devices to ease scaling, energy efficiency bottlenecks, and memory dilemmas encountered in silicon ICs are discussed. The fusion of 2D materials allows the creation of all-in-one perception, memory, and computation technologies beyond the von Neumann architecture to enhance system efficiency and remove computing power bottlenecks. Progress on the 2D ICs demonstration is summarized, as well as the technical hurdles it faces in terms of wafer-scale heterostructure growth, transfer, and compatible integration with silicon ICs. Finally, the promising pathways and obstacles to the technological advances in ICs due to the integration of 2D materials with silicon are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyuan Wang
- ASIC & System State Key Lab, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxian Liu
- ASIC & System State Key Lab, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- ASIC & System State Key Lab, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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15
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Weng WL, Chen HY, Ting YH, Chen HYT, Wu WW, Tu KN, Liao CN. Twin-Boundary Reduced Surface Diffusion on Electrically Stressed Copper Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9071-9076. [PMID: 36342418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface diffusion is intimately correlated with crystal orientation and surface structure. Fast surface diffusion accelerates phase transformation and structural evolution of materials. Here, through in situ transmission electron microscopy observation, we show that a copper nanowire with dense nanoscale coherent twin-boundary (CTB) defects evolves into a zigzag configuration under electric-current driven surface diffusion. The hindrance at the CTB-intercepted concave triple junctions decreases the effective surface diffusivity by almost 1 order of magnitude. The energy barriers for atomic migration at the concave junctions and different faceted surfaces are computed using density functional theory. We proposed that such a stable zigzag surface is shaped not only by the high-diffusivity facets but also by the stalled atomic diffusion at the concave junctions. This finding provides a defect-engineering route to develop robust interconnect materials against electromigration-induced failures for nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsin Ting
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - King-Ning Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chien-Neng Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Zhao Q, Yamamoto M, Yamazaki K, Nishihara H, Crespo-Otero R, Di Tommaso D. The carbon chain growth during the onset of CVD graphene formation on γ-Al 2O 3 is promoted by unsaturated CH 2 ends. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23357-23366. [PMID: 36165844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition of methane onto a template of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles is a prominent synthetic strategy of graphene meso-sponge, a new class of nano porous carbon materials consisting of single-layer graphene walls. However, the elementary steps controlling the early stages of graphene growth on Al2O3 surfaces are still not well understood. In this study, density functional theory calculations provide insights into the initial stages of graphene growth. We have modelled the mechanism of CH4 dissociation on the (111), (110), (100), and (001) γ-Al2O3 surfaces. Subsequently, we have considered the reaction pathway leading to the formation of a C6 ring. The γ-Al2O3(110) and γ-Al2O3(100) are both active for CH4 dissociation, but the (100) surface has higher catalytic activity towards the carbon growth reaction. The overall mechanism involves the formation of the reactive intermediate CH2* that then can couple to form CnH2n* (n = 2-6) intermediates with unsaturated CH2 ends. The formation of these species, which are not bound to the surface-active sites, promotes the sustained carbon growth in a nearly barrierless process. Also, the short distance between terminal carbon atoms leads to strong interactions, which might lead to the high activity between unsaturated CH2* of the hydrocarbon chain. Analysis of the electron localization and geometries of the carbon chains reveals the formation of C-Al-σ bonds with the chain growing towards the vacuum rather than C-Al-π bonds covering the γ-Al2O3(100) surface. This growth behaviour prevents catalyst poisoning during the initial stage of graphene nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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17
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Yan Z, Yang W, Yang H, Ji C, Zeng S, Zhang X, Zhao L, Tu Y. Remarkably enhanced dynamic oxygen migration on graphene oxide supported by copper substrate. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1082-1086. [PMID: 35829645 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic covalent properties of graphene oxide (GO) are of fundamental interest to a broad range of scientific areas and technological applications. It remains a challenge to access feasible dynamic reactions for reversibly breaking/reforming the covalent bonds of oxygen functional groups on GO, although these reactions can be induced by photonic or mechanical routes, or mediated by adsorbed water. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate the remarkably enhanced dynamic oxygen migration along the basal plane of GO supported by copper substrate (GO@copper), with C-O bond breaking reactions and proton transfer between neighboring epoxy and hydroxyl groups. Compared to reactions on GO, the energy barriers of oxygen migrations on GO@copper are sharply reduced to be less than or comparable to thermal fluctuations, and meanwhile the crystallographic match between GO and copper substrate induces new oxygen migration paths on GO@copper. This work sheds light on understanding of the metal substrate-enhanced dynamic properties of GO, and evidences the strategy to tune the activity of two-dimensional-interfacial oxygen groups for various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Wenjie Yang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Chengao Ji
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Shuming Zeng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yusong Tu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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18
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Piqué O, Koleva IZ, Bruix A, Viñes F, Aleksandrov HA, Vayssilov GN, Illas F. Charting the Atomic C Interaction with Transition Metal Surfaces. ACS Catal 2022; 12:9256-9269. [PMID: 36718273 PMCID: PMC9880994 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon interaction with transition metal (TM) surfaces is a relevant topic in heterogeneous catalysis, either for its poisoning capability, for the recently attributed promoter role when incorporated in the subsurface, or for the formation of early TM carbides, which are increasingly used in catalysis. Herein, we present a high-throughput systematic study, adjoining thermodynamic plus kinetic evidence obtained by extensive density functional calculations on surface models (324 diffusion barriers located on 81 TM surfaces in total), which provides a navigation map of these interactions in a holistic fashion. Correlation between previously proposed electronic descriptors and ad/absorption energies has been tested, with the d-band center being found the most suitable one, although machine learning protocols also underscore the importance of the surface energy and the site coordination number. Descriptors have also been tested for diffusion barriers, with ad/absorption energies and the difference in energy between minima being the most appropriate ones. Furthermore, multivariable, polynomial, and random forest regressions show that both thermodynamic and kinetic data are better described when using a combination of different descriptors. Therefore, looking for a single perfect descriptor may not be the best quest, while combining different ones may be a better path to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Piqué
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iskra Z. Koleva
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albert Bruix
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
| | | | - Georgi N. Vayssilov
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Bao L, Huang L, Guo H, Gao HJ. Construction and physical properties of low-dimensional structures for nanoscale electronic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9082-9117. [PMID: 35383791 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, construction of nanoscale electronic devices with novel functionalities based on low-dimensional structures, such as single molecules and two-dimensional (2D) materials, has been rapidly developed. To investigate their intrinsic properties for versatile functionalities of nanoscale electronic devices, it is crucial to precisely control the structures and understand the physical properties of low-dimensional structures at the single atomic level. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the construction of nanoelectronic devices based on single molecules and 2D materials and the investigation of their physical properties. For single molecules, we focus on the construction of single-molecule devices, such as molecular motors and molecular switches, by precisely controlling their self-assembled structures on metal substrates and charge transport properties. For 2D materials, we emphasize their spin-related electrical transport properties for spintronic device applications and the role that interfaces among 2D semiconductors, contact electrodes, and dielectric substrates play in the electrical performance of electronic, optoelectronic, and memory devices. Finally, we discuss the future research direction in this field, where we can expect a scientific breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
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20
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Grebenko AK, Krasnikov DV, Bubis AV, Stolyarov VS, Vyalikh DV, Makarova AA, Fedorov A, Aitkulova A, Alekseeva AA, Gilshtein E, Bedran Z, Shmakov AN, Alyabyeva L, Mozhchil RN, Ionov AM, Gorshunov BP, Laasonen K, Podzorov V, Nasibulin AG. High-Quality Graphene Using Boudouard Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200217. [PMID: 35187847 PMCID: PMC9036046 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Following the game-changing high-pressure CO (HiPco) process that established the first facile route toward large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes, CO synthesis of cm-sized graphene crystals of ultra-high purity grown during tens of minutes is proposed. The Boudouard reaction serves for the first time to produce individual monolayer structures on the surface of a metal catalyst, thereby providing a chemical vapor deposition technique free from molecular and atomic hydrogen as well as vacuum conditions. This approach facilitates inhibition of the graphene nucleation from the CO/CO2 mixture and maintains a high growth rate of graphene seeds reaching large-scale monocrystals. Unique features of the Boudouard reaction coupled with CO-driven catalyst engineering ensure not only suppression of the second layer growth but also provide a simple and reliable technique for surface cleaning. Aside from being a novel carbon source, carbon monoxide ensures peculiar modification of catalyst and in general opens avenues for breakthrough graphene-catalyst composite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem K. Grebenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel str. 3Moscow121205Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyInstitute Lane 9DolgoprudnyRussia
| | | | - Anton V. Bubis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel str. 3Moscow121205Russia
- Insitute of Solid State Physics (RAS)Academician Ossupyan str. 2ChernogolovkaRussia
| | - Vasily S. Stolyarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyInstitute Lane 9DolgoprudnyRussia
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA)Moscow127055Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISISMoscow119049Russia
| | - Denis V. Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)Donostia‐San Sebastián20018Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48011Spain
| | - Anna A. Makarova
- Physikalische ChemieInstitut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 22Berlin14195Germany
| | | | - Aisuluu Aitkulova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel str. 3Moscow121205Russia
| | - Alena A. Alekseeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel str. 3Moscow121205Russia
| | - Evgeniia Gilshtein
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel str. 3Moscow121205Russia
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyUeberlandstrasse 129Duebendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Zakhar Bedran
- Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyInstitute Lane 9DolgoprudnyRussia
| | | | - Liudmila Alyabyeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyInstitute Lane 9DolgoprudnyRussia
| | - Rais N. Mozhchil
- Insitute of Solid State Physics (RAS)Academician Ossupyan str. 2ChernogolovkaRussia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)Moscow115409Russia
| | - Andrey M. Ionov
- Insitute of Solid State Physics (RAS)Academician Ossupyan str. 2ChernogolovkaRussia
- HSE UniversityMyasnitskaya 20Moscow101000Russia
| | - Boris P. Gorshunov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyInstitute Lane 9DolgoprudnyRussia
| | | | | | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel str. 3Moscow121205Russia
- Aalto UniversityP.O. Box 16100AaltoFI‐00076Finland
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21
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Zhang K, Ban C, Yuan Y, Huang L, Gan Y. Nanoscale imaging of oxidized copper foil covered with CVD‐grown graphene layers. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Chun‐guang Ban
- School of Materials Science and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
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22
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Yao W, Zhang J, Ji J, Yang H, Zhou B, Chen X, Bøggild P, Jepsen PU, Tang J, Wang F, Zhang L, Liu J, Wu B, Dong J, Liu Y. Bottom-Up-Etching-Mediated Synthesis of Large-Scale Pure Monolayer Graphene on Cyclic-Polishing-Annealed Cu(111). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108608. [PMID: 34820918 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of large-scale single-crystalline graphene monolayers without multilayers involves the fabrication of proper single-crystalline substrates and the ubiquitous formation of multilayered graphene islands during chemical vapor deposition. Here, a method of cyclic electrochemical polishing combined with thermal annealing, which allows the conversion of commercial polycrystalline Cu foils to single-crystal Cu(111) with an almost 100% yield, is presented. A global "bottom-up-etching" method that is capable of fabricating large-area pure single-crystalline graphene monolayers without multilayers through selectively etching bottom multilayered graphene underneath large area as-grown graphene monolayer on Cu(111) surface is demonstrated. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurement of the pure monolayer graphene film shows a high average sheet conductivity of 2.8 mS and mean carrier mobility of 6903 cm2 V-1 s-1 over a large area. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the selective etching is induced by the much easier diffusion of hydrogen atoms than hydrocarbon radicals across the edges of the top graphene layer, and the simulated selective etching processes based on phase field modeling are well consistent with experimental observations. This work provides new ways toward the production of single-crystal Cu(111) and the synthesis of pure monolayer graphene with high electronic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - He Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- Department of Photonics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Peter U Jepsen
- Department of Photonics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jilin Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Irani FS, Shafaghi AH, Tasdelen MC, Delipinar T, Kaya CE, Yapici GG, Yapici MK. Graphene as a Piezoresistive Material in Strain Sensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:119. [PMID: 35056284 PMCID: PMC8779301 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High accuracy measurement of mechanical strain is critical and broadly practiced in several application areas including structural health monitoring, industrial process control, manufacturing, avionics and the automotive industry, to name a few. Strain sensors, otherwise known as strain gauges, are fueled by various nanomaterials, among which graphene has attracted great interest in recent years, due to its unique electro-mechanical characteristics. Graphene shows not only exceptional physical properties but also has remarkable mechanical properties, such as piezoresistivity, which makes it a perfect candidate for strain sensing applications. In the present review, we provide an in-depth overview of the latest studies focusing on graphene and its strain sensing mechanism along with various applications. We start by providing a description of the fundamental properties, synthesis techniques and characterization methods of graphene, and then build forward to the discussion of numerous types of graphene-based strain sensors with side-by-side tabular comparison in terms of figures-of-merit, including strain range and sensitivity, otherwise referred to as the gauge factor. We demonstrate the material synthesis, device fabrication and integration challenges for researchers to achieve both wide strain range and high sensitivity in graphene-based strain sensors. Last of all, several applications of graphene-based strain sensors for different purposes are described. All in all, the evolutionary process of graphene-based strain sensors in recent years, as well as the upcoming challenges and future directions for emerging studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Sayar Irani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul TR 34956, Turkey; (F.S.I.); (A.H.S.); (M.C.T.); (T.D.)
| | - Ali Hosseinpour Shafaghi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul TR 34956, Turkey; (F.S.I.); (A.H.S.); (M.C.T.); (T.D.)
| | - Melih Can Tasdelen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul TR 34956, Turkey; (F.S.I.); (A.H.S.); (M.C.T.); (T.D.)
| | - Tugce Delipinar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul TR 34956, Turkey; (F.S.I.); (A.H.S.); (M.C.T.); (T.D.)
| | - Ceyda Elcin Kaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA;
| | - Guney Guven Yapici
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul TR 34794, Turkey;
| | - Murat Kaya Yapici
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul TR 34956, Turkey; (F.S.I.); (A.H.S.); (M.C.T.); (T.D.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Istanbul TR 34956, Turkey
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24
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Zhang L, Ding F. Mechanism of Corrugated Graphene Moiré Superstructures on Transition-Metal Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56674-56681. [PMID: 34784183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A graphene layer on a transition-metal (TM) surface can be either corrugated or flat, depending on the type of the substrate and its rotation angle with respect to the substrate. It was broadly observed that the degree of corrugation generally decreases with the increase of rotation angle or the decrease of Moiré pattern size. In contrast to a flat graphene on a TM surface, a corrugated graphene layer has an increased binding energy to the substrate and a concomitant elastic energy. Here, we developed a theoretical model about the competition between the binding energy increase and the elastic energy of corrugated graphene layers on TM surfaces in which all the parameters can be calculated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The agreement between the theoretical model and the experimental observations of graphene on various TM surfaces, for example, Ru(0001), Rh(111), Pt(111), and Ir(111), substantiated the applicability of this model for graphene on other TM surfaces. Moreover, the morphology of a graphene layer on an arbitrary TM surface can be theoretically predicted through simple DFT calculations based on the model. Our work thus provides a theoretical framework for the intelligent design of graphene/TM superstructures with the desired structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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25
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Han Z, Li L, Jiao F, Yu G, Wei Z, Geng D, Hu W. Continuous orientated growth of scaled single-crystal 2D monolayer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6545-6567. [PMID: 36132651 PMCID: PMC9418785 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal 2D materials have attracted a boom of scientific and technological activities. Recently, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) shows great promise for the synthesis of high-quality 2D materials owing to high controllability, high scalability and ultra-low cost. Two types of strategies have been developed: one is single-seed method, which focuses on the ultimate control of the density of nucleation into only one nucleus and the other is a multi-seed approach, which concentrates on the precise engineering of orientation of nuclei into a uniform alignment. Currently, the latter is recognized as a more effective method to meet the demand of industrial production, whereas the oriented domains can seamlessly merge into a continuous single-crystal film in a short time. In this review, we present the detailed cases of growing the representative monocrystalline 2D materials via the single-seed CVD method as well as show its advantages and disadvantages in shaping 2D materials. Then, other typical 2D materials (including graphene, h-BN, and TMDs) are given in terms of the unique feature under the guideline of the multi-seed growth approach. Furthermore, the growth mechanism for the 2D single crystals is presented and the following application in electronics, optics and antioxidation coatings are also discussed. Finally, we outline the current challenges, and a bright development in the future of the continuous orientated growth of scaled 2D crystals should be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Fei Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solid Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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26
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Hwang JH, Shrestha BK, Kim JH, Seo TH, Park CH, Kim MJ. Nanoscale layer of a minimized defect area of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride on copper for excellent anti-corrosion activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:055601. [PMID: 34673562 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac31e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a monolayer of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using chemical vapor deposition. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the materials were evaluated to determine their morphology. High-purity materials and their atomic-scale coating on copper (Cu) foil were employed to prevent fast degradation rate. The hexagonal two-dimensional (2D) atomic structures of the as-prepared materials were assessed to derive their best anti-corrosion behavior. The material prepared under optimized conditions included edge-defect-free graphene nanosheets (∼0.0034μm2) and hBN (∼0.0038μm2) per unit area of 1μm2. The coating of each material on the Cu surface significantly reduced the corrosion rate, which was ∼2.44 × 10-2/year and 6.57 × 10-3/year for graphene/Cu and hBN/Cu, respectively. Importantly, the corrosion rate of Cu was approximately 3-fold lower after coating with hBN relative to that of graphene/Cu. This approach suggests that the surface coating of Cu using cost-effective, eco-friendly, and the most abundant materials in nature is of interest for developing marine anti-corrosion micro-electronic devices and achieving surface modification of pure metals in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Hwang
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Interventional Mechanobio Technology (KIMET), Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bishnu Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
- Regional Leading Research Center for Nanocarbon-based Energy Materials and Application Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Kim
- Korea Institute of Interventional Mechanobio Technology (KIMET), Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 6, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
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27
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Wang S, Ding P, Li Z, Mattioli C, E W, Sun Y, Gourdon A, Kantorovich LN, Besenbacher F, Yang X, Yu M. Subsurface-Carbon-Induced Local Charge of Copper for an On-Surface Displacement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23123-23127. [PMID: 34448330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal carbides have sparked unprecedented enthusiasm as high-performance catalysts in recent years. Still, the catalytic properties of copper carbide remain unexplored. By introducing subsurface carbon to Cu(111), a displacement reaction of a proton in a carboxyl acid group with a single Cu atom is demonstrated at the atomic scale and room temperature. Its occurrence is attributed to the C-doping-induced local charge of surface Cu atoms (up to +0.30 e/atom), which accelerates the rate of on-surface deprotonation via reduction of the corresponding energy barrier, thus enabling the instant displacement of a proton with a Cu atom when the molecules adsorb on the surface. This well-defined and robust Cuδ+ surface based on subsurface-carbon doping offers a novel catalytic platform for on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | | | - Wenlong E
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | | | - Lev N Kantorovich
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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28
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Wang S, Ding P, Li Z, Mattioli C, E W, Sun Y, Gourdon A, Kantorovich LN, Besenbacher F, Yang X, Yu M. Subsurface‐Carbon‐Induced Local Charge of Copper for an On‐Surface Displacement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | | | - Wenlong E
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ye Sun
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | | | - Lev N. Kantorovich
- Department of Physics King's College London The Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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29
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Lou G, Ouyang Y, Xie Y, Wang W, Liu Z. Growth of wrinkle-free and ultra-flat Bi-layer graphene on sapphire substrate using Cu sacrificial layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475603. [PMID: 34375954 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1c24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transfer process of chemical vapor deposition graphene film leads to unavoidable crack, wrinkles, doping, and contamination, which limits its function to establish stable and high-performance devices. It raises a growing interest to fabricate high-quality graphene on the target substrate directly. Here, bi-layer graphene (BLG) film can be grown on sapphire substrate by a Cu sacrificial layer using atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The as-obtained BLG at the interface between sapphire and Cu layer is free of wrinkles, and the corresponding surface roughness Ra is as low as 0.66 nm. The square resistance of the graphene is 898.1 ohm sq-1, which is the lowest among the records of graphene film directly grown on nonmetal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, People's Republic of China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, People's Republic of China
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30
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Graphene-Based Materials Immobilized within Chitosan: Applications as Adsorbents for the Removal of Aquatic Pollutants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133655. [PMID: 34209007 PMCID: PMC8269710 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives, especially graphene oxide (GO), are attracting considerable interest in the fabrication of new adsorbents that have the potential to remove various pollutants that have escaped into the aquatic environment. Herein, the development of GO/chitosan (GO/CS) composites as adsorbent materials is described and reviewed. This combination is interesting as the addition of graphene to chitosan enhances its mechanical properties, while the chitosan hydrogel serves as an immobilization matrix for graphene. Following a brief description of both graphene and chitosan as independent adsorbent materials, the emerging GO/CS composites are introduced. The additional materials that have been added to the GO/CS composites, including magnetic iron oxides, chelating agents, cyclodextrins, additional adsorbents and polymeric blends, are then described and discussed. The performance of these materials in the removal of heavy metal ions, dyes and other organic molecules are discussed followed by the introduction of strategies employed in the regeneration of the GO/CS adsorbents. It is clear that, while some challenges exist, including cost, regeneration and selectivity in the adsorption process, the GO/CS composites are emerging as promising adsorbent materials.
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31
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Zhang L, Dong J, Ding F. Strategies, Status, and Challenges in Wafer Scale Single Crystalline Two-Dimensional Materials Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6321-6372. [PMID: 34047544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The successful exfoliation of graphene has given a tremendous boost to research on various two-dimensional (2D) materials in the last 15 years. Different from traditional thin films, a 2D material is composed of one to a few atomic layers. While atoms within a layer are chemically bonded, interactions between layers are generally weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Due to their particular dimensionality, 2D materials exhibit special electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties, not found in their 3D counterparts, and therefore they have great potential in various applications, such as 2D materials-based devices. To fully realize their large-scale practical applications, especially in devices, wafer scale single crystalline (WSSC) 2D materials are indispensable. In this review, we present a detailed overview on strategies toward the synthesis of WSSC 2D materials while highlighting the recent progress on WSSC graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) synthesis. The challenges that need to be addressed in future studies have also been described. In general, there have been two distinct routes to synthesize WSSC 2D materials: (i) allowing only one nucleus on a wafer scale substrate to be formed and developed into a large single crystal and (ii) seamlessly stitching a large number of unidirectionally aligned 2D islands on a wafer scale substrate, which is generally single crystalline. Currently, the synthesis of WSSC graphene has been realized by both routes, and WSSC hBN and MoS2 have been synthesized by route (ii). On the other hand, the growth of other WSSC 2D materials and WSSC multilayer 2D materials still remains a big challenge. In the last section, we wrap up this review by summarizing the future challenges and opportunities in the synthesis of various WSSC 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jichen Dong
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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32
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Shazni Mohammad
Haniff MA, Zainal Ariffin NH, Ooi PC, Mohd Razip Wee MF, Mohamed MA, Hamzah AA, Syono MI, Hashim AM. Practical Route for the Low-Temperature Growth of Large-Area Bilayer Graphene on Polycrystalline Nickel by Cold-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12143-12154. [PMID: 34056368 PMCID: PMC8154121 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a practical chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route to produce bilayer graphene on a polycrystalline Ni film from liquid benzene (C6H6) source at a temperature as low as 400 °C in a vertical cold-wall reaction chamber. The low activation energy of C6H6 and the low solubility of carbon in Ni at such a low temperature play a key role in enabling the growth of large-area bilayer graphene in a controlled manner by a Ni surface-mediated reaction. All experiments performed using this method are reproducible with growth capabilities up to an 8 in. wafer-scale substrate. Raman spectra analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selective area electron diffraction studies confirm the growth of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene with good uniformity over large areas. Electrical characterization studies indicate that the bilayer graphene behaves much like a semiconductor with predominant p-type doping. These findings provide important insights into the wafer-scale fabrication of low-temperature CVD bilayer graphene for next-generation nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Hamizah Zainal Ariffin
- Advanced
Devices Lab, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Advanced
Devices and Materials Engineering Research Lab, Department of Electronic
Systems Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute
of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute
of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute
of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismahadi Syono
- Advanced
Devices Lab, MIMOS Berhad, Technology Park Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Hashim
- Advanced
Devices and Materials Engineering Research Lab, Department of Electronic
Systems Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
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33
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Günther S, Zeller P, Böller B, Wintterlin J. Method for the Manual Analysis of Moiré Structures in STM images. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:870-884. [PMID: 33942453 PMCID: PMC8252427 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented to manually determine the lattice parameters of commensurate hexagonal moiré structures resolved by STM. It solves the problem that lattice parameters of moiré structures usually cannot be determined by inspection of an STM image, so that computer-based analyses are required. The lattice vector of a commensurate moiré structure is a sum of integer multiples both of the two basis vectors of the substrate and of the adsorbed layer. The method extracts the two factors with respect to the adsorbed layer from an analysis of the Fourier transform of an STM image. These two factors are related to the two factors with respect to the substrate layer. Using the cell augmentation method, six possible moiré structures are identified by algebra. When the orientation and lattice constant of the substrate are roughly known, this information is usually sufficient to determine a unique moiré structure and its lattice parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Günther
- Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Patrick Zeller
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14 - km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Current address: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dept. Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Böller
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Center for NanoScience, Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Joost Wintterlin
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Center for NanoScience, Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
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34
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Safina LR, Krylova KA, Murzaev RT, Baimova JA, Mulyukov RR. Crumpled Graphene-Storage Media for Hydrogen and Metal Nanoclusters. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092098. [PMID: 33919363 PMCID: PMC8122341 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structural behavior of graphene flake, which is the structural unit of bulk crumpled graphene, is of high importance, especially when it is in contact with the other types of atoms. In the present work, crumpled graphene is considered as storage media for two types of nanoclusters-nickel and hydrogen. Crumpled graphene consists of crumpled graphene flakes bonded by weak van der Waals forces and can be considered an excellent container for different atoms. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the behavior of the graphene flake filled with the nickel nanocluster or hydrogen molecules. The simulation results reveal that graphene flake can be considered a perfect container for metal nanocluster since graphene can easily cover it. Hydrogen molecules can be stored on graphene flake at 77 K, however, the amount of hydrogen is low. Thus, additional treatment is required to increase the amount of stored hydrogen. Remarkably, the size dependence of the structural behavior of the graphene flake filled with both nickel and hydrogen atoms is found. The size of the filling cluster should be chosen in comparison with the specific surface area of graphene flake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya R. Safina
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov Str. 1, 450062 Ufa, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karina A. Krylova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
- Bashkir State University, Validy Str. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ramil T. Murzaev
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Julia A. Baimova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
- Bashkir State University, Validy Str. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Radik R. Mulyukov
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov Str. 1, 450062 Ufa, Russia;
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
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35
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Reidy K, Varnavides G, Thomsen JD, Kumar A, Pham T, Blackburn AM, Anikeeva P, Narang P, LeBeau JM, Ross FM. Direct imaging and electronic structure modulation of moiré superlattices at the 2D/3D interface. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1290. [PMID: 33637704 PMCID: PMC7910301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The atomic structure at the interface between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) materials influences properties such as contact resistance, photo-response, and high-frequency electrical performance. Moiré engineering is yet to be utilized for tailoring this 2D/3D interface, despite its success in enabling correlated physics at 2D/2D interfaces. Using epitaxially aligned MoS2/Au{111} as a model system, we demonstrate the use of advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with a geometric convolution technique in imaging the crystallographic 32 Å moiré pattern at the 2D/3D interface. This moiré period is often hidden in conventional electron microscopy, where the Au structure is seen in projection. We show, via ab initio electronic structure calculations, that charge density is modulated according to the moiré period, illustrating the potential for (opto-)electronic moiré engineering at the 2D/3D interface. Our work presents a general pathway to directly image periodic modulation at interfaces using this combination of emerging microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgios Varnavides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joachim Dahl Thomsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abinash Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arthur M Blackburn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
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36
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Lii-Rosales A, Han Y, Jing D, Tringides MC, Julien S, Wan KT, Wang CZ, Lai KC, Evans JW, Thiel PA. Encapsulation of metal nanoparticles at the surface of a prototypical layered material. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1485-1506. [PMID: 33439199 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of metal nanoparticles just below the surface of a prototypical layered material, graphite, is a recently discovered phenomenon. These encapsulation architectures have potential for tuning the properties of two-dimensional or layered materials, and additional applications might exploit the properties of the encapsulated metal nanoclusters themselves. The encapsulation process produces novel surface nanostructures and can be achieved for a variety of metals. Given that these studies of near-surface intercalation are in their infancy, these systems provide a rich area for future studies. This Review presents the current progress on the encapsulation, including experimental strategies and characterization, as well as theoretical understanding which leads to the development of predictive capability. The Review closes with future opportunities where further understanding of the encapsulation is desired to exploit its applications.
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37
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38
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Behzadi M, Mahmoodi Hashemi M, Roknizadeh M, Nasiri S, Ramazani Saadatabadi A. Copper( ii) ions supported on functionalized graphene oxide: an organometallic nanocatalyst for oxidative amination of azoles via C–H/C–N bond activation. NEW J CHEM 2021; 45:3242-3251. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was chemically modified with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to immobilize copper(ii) ions on its surface and used as a nanocatalyst for the oxidative C (sp2)–H bond amination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shahrokh Nasiri
- Department Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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39
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Li Y, Sun L, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu Z. Preparation of single-crystal metal substrates for the growth of high-quality two-dimensional materials. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances on preparing single-crystal metals and their crucial roles in controlled growth of high-quality 2D materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglizhi Li
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Yuechen Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
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40
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Guo Q, Dedkov Y, Voloshina E. Intercalation of Mn in graphene/Cu(111) interface: insights to the electronic and magnetic properties from theory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21684. [PMID: 33303805 PMCID: PMC7729943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Mn intercalation on the atomic, electronic and magnetic structure of the graphene/Cu(111) interface is studied using state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations. Different structural models of the graphene-Mn-Cu(111) interface are investigated. While a Mn monolayer placed between graphene and Cu(111) (an unfavorable configuration) yields massive rearrangement of the graphene-derived [Formula: see text] bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level, the possible formation of a [Formula: see text]Mn alloy at the interface (a favorable configuration) preserves the linear dispersion for these bands. The deep analysis of the electronic states around the Dirac point for the graphene/[Formula: see text]Mn/Cu(111) system allows to discriminate between contributions from three carbon sublattices of a graphene layer in this system and to explain the bands' as well as spins' topology of the electronic states around the Fermi level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Guo
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuriy Dedkov
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Elena Voloshina
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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41
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Moreno-López JC, Fedi F, Argentero G, Carini M, Chimborazo J, Meyer J, Pichler T, Mateo-Alonso A, Ayala P. Exclusive Substitutional Nitrogen Doping on Graphene Decoupled from an Insulating Substrate. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:22150-22157. [PMID: 33072238 PMCID: PMC7552092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of atomically flat N-doped graphene on oxidized copper is presented. Besides circumventing the almost standard use of metallic substrates for growth, this method allows producing graphene with ∼2.0 at % N in a substitutional configuration directly decoupled from the substrate. Angle-resolved photoemission shows a linear energy-momentum dispersion where the Dirac point lies at the Fermi level. Additionally, the N functional centers can be selectively tailored in sp2 substitutional configuration by making use of a purpose-made molecular precursor: dicyanopyrazophenanthroline (C16H6N6).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Fedi
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Marco Carini
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Jannik Meyer
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
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42
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Braeuninger-Weimer P, Burton OJ, Zeller P, Amati M, Gregoratti L, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S. Crystal Orientation Dependent Oxidation Modes at the Buried Graphene-Cu Interface. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:7766-7776. [PMID: 32982043 PMCID: PMC7513576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We combine spatially resolved scanning photoelectron spectroscopy with confocal Raman and optical microscopy to reveal how the oxidation of the buried graphene-Cu interface relates to the Cu crystallographic orientation. We analyze over 100 different graphene covered Cu (high and low index) orientations exposed to air for 2 years. Four general oxidation modes are observed that can be mapped as regions onto the polar plot of Cu surface orientations. These modes are (1) complete, (2) irregular, (3) inhibited, and (4) enhanced wrinkle interface oxidation. We present a comprehensive characterization of these modes, consider the underlying mechanisms, compare air and water mediated oxidation, and discuss this in the context of the diverse prior literature in this area. This understanding incorporates effects from across the wide parameter space of 2D material interface engineering, relevant to key challenges in their emerging applications, ranging from scalable transfer to electronic contacts, encapsulation, and corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver J. Burton
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Zeller
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert S. Weatherup
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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43
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Farjadian F, Abbaspour S, Sadatlu MAA, Mirkiani S, Ghasemi A, Hoseini‐Ghahfarokhi M, Mozaffari N, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Abbaspour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology Iran
| | | | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Canada
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG) Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini‐Ghahfarokhi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine department School of Paramedical Sciences Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Naeimeh Mozaffari
- Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Iran Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre Tehran Medical Science Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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44
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Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) are a kind of lattice imperfection widely existing in two-dimensional materials, playing a critical role in materials' properties and device performance. Related key issues in this area have drawn much attention and are still under intense investigation. These issues include the characterization of GBs at different length scales, the dynamic formation of GBs during the synthesis, the manipulation of the configuration and density of GBs for specific material functionality, and the understanding of structure-property relationships and device applications. This review will provide a general introduction of progress in this field. Several techniques for characterizing GBs, such as direct imaging by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, visualization techniques of GBs by optical microscopy, plasmon propagation, or second harmonic generation, are presented. To understand the dynamic formation process of GBs during the growth, a general geometric approach and theoretical consideration are reviewed. Moreover, strategies controlling the density of GBs for GB-free materials or materials with tunable GB patterns are summarized, and the effects of GBs on materials' properties are discussed. Finally, challenges and outlook are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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45
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Cingolani JS, Deimel M, Köcher S, Scheurer C, Reuter K, Andersen M. Interface between graphene and liquid Cu from molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074702. [PMID: 32828114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Controllable synthesis of defect-free graphene is crucial for applications since the properties of graphene are highly sensitive to any deviations from the crystalline lattice. We focus here on the emerging use of liquid Cu catalysts, which have high potential for fast and efficient industrial-scale production of high-quality graphene. The interface between graphene and liquid Cu is studied using force field and ab initio molecular dynamics, revealing a complete or partial embedding of finite-sized flakes. By analyzing flakes of different sizes, we find that the size-dependence of the embedding can be rationalized based on the energy cost of embedding vs bending the graphene flake. The embedding itself is driven by the formation of covalent bonds between the under-coordinated edge C atoms and the liquid Cu surface, which is accompanied by a significant charge transfer. In contrast, the central flake atoms are located around or slightly above 3 Å from the liquid Cu surface and exhibit weak van der Waals-bonding and much lower charge transfer. The structural and electronic properties of the embedded state revealed in our work provide the atomic-scale information needed to develop effective models to explain the special growth observed in experiments where various interesting phenomena such as flake self-assembly and rotational alignment, high growth speeds, and low defect densities in the final graphene product have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Santiago Cingolani
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Deimel
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Simone Köcher
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheurer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Mie Andersen
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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46
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Tikhomirova KA, Tantardini C, Sukhanova EV, Popov ZI, Evlashin SA, Tarkhov MA, Zhdanov VL, Dudin AA, Oganov AR, Kvashnin DG, Kvashnin AG. Exotic Two-Dimensional Structure: The First Case of Hexagonal NaCl. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3821-3827. [PMID: 32330050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NaCl is one of the simplest compounds and was thought to be well-understood, and yet, unexpected complexities related to it were uncovered at high pressure and in low-dimensional states. Here, exotic hexagonal NaCl thin films on the (110) diamond surface were crystallized in the experiment following a theoretical prediction based on ab initio evolutionary algorithm USPEX. State-of-the-art calculations and experiments showed the existence of a hexagonal NaCl thin film, which is due to the strong chemical interaction of the NaCl film with the diamond substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A Tikhomirova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Christian Tantardini
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sukhanova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Zakhar I Popov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Evlashin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Tarkhov
- Institute of Nanotechnologies of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Alexander A Dudin
- Institute of Nanotechnologies of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem R Oganov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- International Center for Materials Discovery, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Dmitry G Kvashnin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigina Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Alexander G Kvashnin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, Moscow 121205, Russia
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47
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Chen S, Gao J, Srinivasan BM, Zhang G, Sorkin V, Hariharaputran R, Zhang YW. An all-atom kinetic Monte Carlo model for chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on Cu(1 1 1) substrate. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:155401. [PMID: 31846953 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab62bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various graphene morphologies (compact hexagonal, dendritic, and circular domains) have been observed during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth on Cu substrate. The existing all-atom kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) models, however, are unable to reproduce all these graphene morphologies, suggesting that some crucial atomistic events that dictate the morphology are missing. In this work, we propose an all-atom kMC model to simulate the graphene CVD growth on Cu substrate. Besides the usual atomistic events, such as the deposition and diffusion of carbon species on the substrate, and their attachments to the edge, we further include three other important events, that is, the edge attachment of carbon species to form a kink, the diffusion of carbon species along the edge, and the rotation of dimers to form kinks. All the energetic parameters of these events are obtained from first-principles calculations. With this new model, we successfully predict the growth of various graphene morphologies, which are consistent with the morphology phase diagram. In addition to confirming that carbon dimers are the dominant feeding species, we also find that the dominance level depends on the growth flux and temperature. Therefore, the proposed model is able to capture the growth kinetics, providing a useful tool for controlled synthesis of graphene with desired morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
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Lim H, Park Y, Lee M, Ahn JG, Li BW, Luo D, Jung J, Ruoff RS, Kim Y. Centimeter-Scale and Highly Crystalline Two-Dimensional Alcohol: Evidence for Graphenol (C 6OH). NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2107-2112. [PMID: 32053385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a chemical route to synthesize centimeter-scale stoichiometric "graphenol (C6OH1)", a 2D crystalline alcohol, via vapor phase hydroxylation of epitaxial graphene on Cu(111). Atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscopy revealed this highly-ordered configuration of graphenol and low energy electron diffraction studies on a large-area single crystal graphene film demonstrated the feasibility of the same superstructure being achieved at the centimeter length scale. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations about the formation of C6(OH)1 and its electronic structure are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseob Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Younghee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhui Lee
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Wen Li
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute of Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Luo
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute of Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute of Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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49
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Ma Y, Liu Z, Gao L, Yan Y, Qiao L. Effects of substrate and tip characteristics on the surface friction of fluorinated graphene. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10888-10896. [PMID: 35492954 PMCID: PMC9050434 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the superior lubricating properties of graphene under chemical modification requires a deep understanding of the origin of its friction enhancement. In this study, the DFT calculations were performed to investigate the effects of substrate and tip characteristics on the frictional properties of fluorinated graphene (FGr) on Cu(111) and Pt(111) substrates. The calculation results indicate that the fluorination will increase the geometrical corrugation of graphene and a stronger reactivity between graphene and substrate could confine the geometrical corrugation. The indentation calculations of an Ar atom on the FGr on Cu(111) and Pt(111) illustrate that geometrical corrugation contributes dominantly to the sliding potential energy corrugation. With respect to a reactive 10-atom Ir tip sliding on the FGr on Pt(111), the F atom transfers from graphene to the tip and the friction evolves into a fluorinated Ir tip sliding on the FGr. As a result, the work against the normal load to lift the tip over the geometrical corrugation starts to play a crucial role in contributing to the surface friction. Thus, reducing the geometrical corrugation of graphene after fluorination through a stronger reactive substrate provides a feasible avenue to preserve the lubricating properties of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Zugang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lijie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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Zhang R, Liu J, Gao Y, Hua M, Xia B, Knecht P, Papageorgiou AC, Reichert J, Barth JV, Xu H, Huang L, Lin N. On‐surface Synthesis of a Semiconducting 2D Metal–Organic Framework Cu
3
(C
6
O
6
) Exhibiting Dispersive Electronic Bands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2669-2673. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
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