1
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Judek J, Dhama R, Pianelli A, Wróbel P, Michałowski PP, Dana J, Caglayan H. Ultrafast optical properties of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric refractory metal nitrides TiNx, ZrNx, and HfNx. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3585-3596. [PMID: 38297576 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Refractory metal nitrides have recently gained attention in various fields of modern photonics due to their cheap and robust production technology, silicon-technology compatibility, high thermal and mechanical resistance, and competitive optical characteristics in comparison to typical plasmonic materials like gold and silver. In this work, we demonstrate that by varying the stoichiometry of sputtered nitride films, both static and ultrafast optical responses of refractory metal nitrides can efficiently be controlled. We further prove that the spectral changes in ultrafast transient response are directly related to the position of the epsilon-near-zero region. At the same time, the analysis of the temporal dynamics allows us to identify three time components: the "fast" femtosecond one, the "moderate" picosecond one, and the "slow" at the nanosecond time scale. We also find out that the non-stoichiometry does not significantly decrease the recovery time of the reflectance value. Our results show the strong electron-phonon coupling and reveal the importance of both the electron and lattice temperature-induced changes in the permittivity near the ENZ region and the thermal origin of the long tail in the transient optical response of refractory nitrides.
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2
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Lipinski A, Lambert CW, Maity A, Hendren WR, Edwards PR, Martin RW, Bowman RM. Synthesis of Plasmonically Active Titanium Nitride Using a Metallic Alloy Buffer Layer Strategy. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2023; 5:6929-6937. [PMID: 38162529 PMCID: PMC10753803 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) has emerged as a highly promising alternative to traditional plasmonic materials. This study focuses on the inclusion of a Cr90Ru10 buffer layer between the substrate and thin TiN film, which enables the use of cost-effective, amorphous technical substrates while preserving high film quality. We report best-in-class TiN thin films fabricated on fused silica wafers, achieving a maximum plasmonic figure of merit, -ϵ'/ϵ″, of approximately 2.8, even at a modest wafer temperature of around 300 °C. Furthermore, we delve into the characterization of TiN thin film quality and fabricated TiN triangular nanostructures, employing attenuated total reflectance and cathodoluminescence techniques to highlight their potential applications in surface plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur
F. Lipinski
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | | | - Achyut Maity
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | - William R. Hendren
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Edwards
- Department
of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | - Robert W. Martin
- Department
of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | - Robert M. Bowman
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
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3
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Bai X, Lam SH, Hu J, Chui KK, Zhu XM, Shao L, Chow TH, Wang J. Colloidal Plasmonic TiN Nanoparticles for Efficient Solar Seawater Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55856-55869. [PMID: 37983103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Transferring traditional plasmonic noble metal nanomaterials from the laboratory to industrial production has remained challenging due to the high price of noble metals. The development of cost-effective non-noble-metal alternatives with outstanding plasmonic properties has therefore become essential. Herein, we report on the gram-scale production of differently shaped TiN nanoparticles with strong plasmon-enabled broadband light absorption, including differently sized TiN nanospheres, nanobipyramids, and nanorod arrays. The TiN nanospheres and nanobipyramids are further coembedded in highly porous poly(vinyl alcohol) films to function as a photothermal material for solar seawater desalination. A seawater evaporation rate of 3.8 kg m-2 h-1 is achieved, which marks the record performance among all plasmonic solar seawater desalination systems reported so far. The removal percentage of phenol reaches 98.3%, which is attributed to the joint action of the excellent photocatalytic ability and the superhydrophilicity of the porous TiN-based composite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Shiu Hei Lam
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingtian Hu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ka Kit Chui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tsz Him Chow
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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4
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Setoura K, Tamura M, Oshikiri T, Iida T. Switching nanoscale temperature fields with high-order plasmonic modes in transition metal nanorods. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34489-34496. [PMID: 38024990 PMCID: PMC10667964 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06649e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on the photoirradiation conditions, metal nanostructures exhibit various plasmonic modes, including dipolar, quadrupolar, and hexapolar modes. This work demonstrates numerically that these high-order plasmonic modes can be used to switch nanoscale temperature distributions during the plasmonic heating of a manganese (Mn) nanorod. The key feature of Mn is its low thermal conductivity. Generally, when noble metal nanostructures are used for plasmonic heating, the nanostructure surface will be almost isothermal regardless of the order of the excited plasmonic modes because of the high thermal conductivity of noble metals, e.g., the thermal conductivity of gold is 314 W m-1 K-1. However, unlike noble metals, Mn has a significantly lower thermal conductivity of 7.8 W m-1 K-1. Due to this lower thermal conductivity, the distinct spatial characteristics of the high-order plasmonic modes can be transcribed clearly into nanoscale temperature fields, which are achieved by generating polarization currents by high-order plasmons within the nanorod. These findings strongly suggest that high-order plasmonic modes hold significant potential for the advanced and precise manipulation of heat generation at the nanometer scale in thermoplasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Setoura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe City College of Technology Kobe Hyogo 651-2194 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tamura
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Osaka 599-8570 Japan
| | - Tomoya Oshikiri
- Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takuya Iida
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Osaka 599-8570 Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
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5
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Afshar M, Schirato A, Mascaretti L, Hejazi SMH, Shahrezaei M, Della Valle G, Fornasiero P, Kment Š, Alabastri A, Naldoni A. Nanoporous Titanium Oxynitride Nanotube Metamaterials with Deep Subwavelength Heat Dissipation for Perfect Solar Absorption. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3291-3301. [PMID: 37743938 PMCID: PMC10515634 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a quasi-unitary broadband absorption over the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared range in spaced high aspect ratio, nanoporous titanium oxynitride nanotubes, an ideal platform for several photothermal applications. We explain such an efficient light-heat conversion in terms of localized field distribution and heat dissipation within the nanopores, whose sparsity can be controlled during fabrication. The extremely large heat dissipation could not be explained in terms of effective medium theories, which are typically used to describe small geometrical features associated with relatively large optical structures. A fabrication-process-inspired numerical model was developed to describe a realistic space-dependent electric permittivity distribution within the nanotubes. The resulting abrupt optical discontinuities favor electromagnetic dissipation in the deep sub-wavelength domains generated and can explain the large broadband absorption measured in samples with different porosities. The potential application of porous titanium oxynitride nanotubes as solar absorbers was explored by photothermal experiments under moderately concentrated white light (1-12 Suns). These findings suggest potential interest in realizing solar-thermal devices based on such simple and scalable metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Afshar
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials Department, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Schirato
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luca Mascaretti
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials Department, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - S. M. Hossein Hejazi
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials Department, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- CEET, Nanotechnology
Centre, VŠB-Technical University
of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu
2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mahdi Shahrezaei
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials Department, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Della Valle
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM and ICCOM-CNR, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Štěpán Kment
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials Department, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- CEET, Nanotechnology
Centre, VŠB-Technical University
of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu
2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials Department, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
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6
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Doiron B, Li Y, Bower R, Mihai A, Dal Forno S, Fearn S, Hüttenhofer L, Cortés E, Cohen LF, Alford NM, Lischner J, Petrov P, Maier SA, Oulton RF. Optimizing Hot Electron Harvesting at Planar Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces with Titanium Oxynitride Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37307410 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metal-semiconductor interfaces is critical to the advancement of photocatalysis and sub-bandgap solar energy harvesting where electrons in the metal can be excited by sub-bandgap photons and extracted into the semiconductor. In this work, we compare the electron extraction efficiency across Au/TiO2 and titanium oxynitride (TiON)/TiO2-x interfaces, where in the latter case the spontaneously forming oxide layer (TiO2-x) creates a metal-semiconductor contact. Time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy is used to study the electron recombination rates in both cases. Unlike the nanosecond recombination lifetimes in Au/TiO2, we find a bottleneck in the electron relaxation in the TiON system, which we explain using a trap-mediated recombination model. Using this model, we investigate the tunability of the relaxation dynamics with oxygen content in the parent film. The optimized film (TiO0.5N0.5) exhibits the highest carrier extraction efficiency (NFC ≈ 2.8 × 1019 m-3), slowest trapping, and an appreciable hot electron population reaching the surface oxide (NHE ≈ 1.6 × 1018 m-3). Our results demonstrate the productive role oxygen can play in enhancing electron harvesting and prolonging electron lifetimes, providing an optimized metal-semiconductor interface using only the native oxide of titanium oxynitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Doiron
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, U.K
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, U.K
- Nanoinstitut München, Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ryan Bower
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Andrei Mihai
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Sarah Fearn
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Nanoinstitut München, Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Nanoinstitut München, Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Lesley F Cohen
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, U.K
| | - Neil M Alford
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Peter Petrov
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, U.K
- Nanoinstitut München, Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, U.K
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7
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Huang X, Ji X, Qin W, Wang Y, Wang L, Gao F, Hou Y. High performance laser-driven flyers based on a refractory metamaterial perfect absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7237-7248. [PMID: 36859859 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven flyers (LDFs), which can drive metal particles to ultra-high speeds by feeding high-power laser, have been widely used in many fields, such as ignition, space debris simulation, and dynamic high-pressure physics. However, the low energy-utilization efficiency of the ablating layer hinders the development of LDF devices towards low power consumption and miniaturization. Herein, we design and experimentally demonstrate a high-performance LDF based on the refractory metamaterial perfect absorber (RMPA). The RMPA consists by a layer of TiN nano-triangular array, a dielectric layer and a layer of TiN thin film, and is realized by combing the vacuum electron beam deposition and colloid-sphere self-assembled techniques. RMPA can greatly improve the absorptivity of the ablating layer to about 95%, which is comparable to the metal absorbers, but obviously larger than that of the normal Al foil (∼10%). This high-performance RMPA brings a maximum electron temperature of ∼7500 K at ∼0.5 µs and a maximum electron density of ∼1.04 × 1016 cm-3 at ∼1 µs, which are higher than that the LDFs based on normal Al foil and metal absorbers due to the robust structure of RMPA under high-temperature. The final speed of the RMPA-improved LDFs reaches to about 1920 m/s measured by the photonic Doppler velocimetry system, which is about 1.32 times larger than the Ag and Au absorber-improved LDFs, and about 1.74times larger than the normal Al foil LDFs under the same condition. This highest speed unambiguously brings a deepest hole on the Teflon slab surface during the impact experiments. The electromagnetic properties of RMPA, transient speed and accelerated speed, transient electron temperature and density have been systematically investigated in this work.
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8
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Asad MS, Alam MZ. Transparent planar solar absorber for winter thermal management. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22325. [PMID: 36567355 PMCID: PMC9790891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor heating during winters accounts for a significant portion of energy consumed by buildings in regions of cold climate. Development of transparent coatings for windows that efficiently harvest solar energy can play a major role in reducing energy consumption and fuel costs incurred for winter heating. In recent years, there has been a great research effort towards designing transparent solar absorber coatings using nanophotonic structures. The potential of coatings based on planar multilayer structures, however, has received very little attention. In this work we investigate the performance of planar multilayer thin films using low-cost materials for design of transparent solar absorber window coatings. Our study led to the proposal of two planar multilayer designs. Simulation results predict that an increase in surface temperature by 27 K and 25 K, while maintaining mean visible transmittance of over 50% is possible using these designs. These results illustrate the great promise planar multilayer structures hold for winter thermal management of buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Asad
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - M. Z. Alam
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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9
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Negm A, Howlader MMR, Belyakov I, Bakr M, Ali S, Irannejad M, Yavuz M. Materials Perspectives of Integrated Plasmonic Biosensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7289. [PMID: 36295354 PMCID: PMC9611134 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the growing need for portable, compact, low-cost, and efficient biosensors, plasmonic materials hold the promise to meet this need owing to their label-free sensitivity and deep light-matter interaction that can go beyond the diffraction limit of light. In this review, we shed light on the main physical aspects of plasmonic interactions, highlight mainstream and future plasmonic materials including their merits and shortcomings, describe the backbone substrates for building plasmonic biosensors, and conclude with a brief discussion of the factors affecting plasmonic biosensing mechanisms. To do so, we first observe that 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play a major role in enhancing the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based plasmonic biosensors. Then, we identify that titanium nitride is a promising candidate for integrated applications with performance comparable to that of gold. Our study highlights the emerging role of polymer substrates in the design of future wearable and point-of-care devices. Finally, we summarize some technical and economic challenges that should be addressed for the mass adoption of plasmonic biosensors. We believe this review will be a guide in advancing the implementation of plasmonics-based integrated biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Negm
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ilya Belyakov
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Bakr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shirook Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology, Sheridan College, Brampton, ON L6Y 5H9, Canada
| | | | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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11
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Multi-octave metasurface-based refractory superabsorber enhanced by a tapered unit-cell structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17066. [PMID: 36224251 PMCID: PMC9556832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultra-broadband metasurface-based perfect absorber is proposed based on a periodic array of truncated cone-shaped \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\text {TiO}_2$$\end{document}TiO2 surrounded by TiN/\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\text {TiO}_2$$\end{document}TiO2 conical rings. Due to the refractory materials involved in the metasurface, the given structure can keep its structural stability at high temperatures. The proposed structure can achieve a broadband spectrum of 4.3 µm at normal incidence spanning in the range of 0.2–4.5 µm with the absorption higher than \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$90\%$$\end{document}90% and the average absorption around \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$94.71\%$$\end{document}94.71%. The absorption can be tuned through the angle of the cone. By optimizing geometrical parameters, a super absorption is triggered in the range of 0.2–3.25 µm with the absorption higher than 97.40\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\%$$\end{document}% and substantially average absorption over 99\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\%$$\end{document}%. In this regard, the proposed structure can gather more than \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$99\%$$\end{document}99% of the full spectrum of solar radiation. Furthermore, the absorption of the designed structure is almost insensitive to the launching angle up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$50^\circ $$\end{document}50∘ for TE polarization, while it has a weak dependence on the incident angle for TM polarization. The proposed structure can be a promising candidate for thermal energy harvesting and solar absorption applications.
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12
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Tamura M, Iida T, Setoura K. Plasmonic nanoscale temperature shaping on a single titanium nitride nanostructure. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12589-12594. [PMID: 35968839 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02442j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbitrary shaping of temperature fields at the nanometre scale is an important goal in nanotechnology; however, this is challenging because of the diffusive nature of heat transfer. In the present work, we numerically demonstrated that spatial shaping of nanoscale temperature fields can be achieved by plasmonic heating of a single titanium nitride (TiN) nanostructure. A key feature of TiN is its low thermal conductivity (kTiN = 29 [W m-1 K-1]) compared with ordinary plasmonic metals such as Au (kAu = 314 [W m-1 K-1]). When the localised surface plasmon resonance of a metal nanostructure is excited, the light intensity is converted to heat power density in the nanostructure via the Joule heating effect. For a gold nanoparticle, non-uniform spatial distributions of the heat power density will disappear because of the high thermal conductivity of Au; the nanoparticle surface will be entirely isothermal. In contrast, the spatial distributions of the heat power density can be clearly transcribed into temperature fields on a TiN nanostructure because the heat dissipation is suppressed. In fact, we revealed that highly localised temperature distributions can be selectively controlled around the TiN nanostructure at a spatial resolution of several tens of nanometres depending on the excitation wavelength. The present results indicate that arbitrary temperature shaping at the nanometre scale can be achieved by designing the heat power density in TiN nanostructures for plasmonic heating, leading to unconventional thermofluidics and thermal chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tamura
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takuya Iida
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Setoura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe City College of Technology, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2194, Japan.
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13
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Bastide M, Gam-Derouich S, Lacroix JC. Long-Range Plasmon-Induced Anisotropic Growth of an Organic Semiconductor between Isotropic Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4253-4259. [PMID: 35503742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced diazonium reduction was used to graft an organic semiconductor, namely oligo(bisthienylbenzene) (BTB), onto square arrays of gold nanoparticles (NPs) of various diameters. Grafting was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements by the extinction spectra of the localized surface plasmon resonance, as well as by Raman and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies. We show that BTB is selectively deposited around the NPs. The thickness of the layer increases with increasing irradiation time and reaches a limit which depends on the size of the NPs with the thicker organic layers being generated for smaller NPs. Under polarized irradiation, BTB growth is strongly anisotropic. Starting from arrays with square gratings and spherical NPs, long-range plasmon-induced anisotropic growth makes it possible to generate in the direction of the polarized light, lines, columns, or lines and columns of NPs connected by an organic semiconductor. These results demonstrate that the growth is due to hot electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bastide
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sarra Gam-Derouich
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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14
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Popov AA, Tikhonowski GV, Shakhov PV, Popova-Kuznetsova EA, Tselikov GI, Romanov RI, Markeev AM, Klimentov SM, Kabashin AV. Synthesis of Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Different Aqueous and Organic Solutions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101672. [PMID: 35630892 PMCID: PMC9147655 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Owing to a strong photothermal response in the near-IR spectral range and very low toxicity, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) present a novel appealing object for photo-induced therapy of cancer, but the properties of these NPs still require detailed investigation. Here, we have elaborated methods of femtosecond laser ablation from the TiN target in a variety of liquid solutions, including acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, acetone, water, and H2O2, to synthesize TiN NPs and clarify the effect of liquid type on the composition and properties of the formed NPs. The ablation in all solvents led to the formation of spherical NPs with a mean size depending on the liquid type, while the composition of the NPs ranged from partly oxidized TiN to almost pure TiO2, which conditioned variations of plasmonic peak in the region of relative tissue transparency (670–700 nm). The degree of NP oxidation depended on the solvent, with much stronger oxidation for NPs prepared in aqueous solutions (especially in H2O2), while the ablation in organic solvents resulted in a partial formation of titanium carbides as by-products. The obtained results contribute to better understanding of the processes in reactive PLAL and can be used to design TiN NPs with desired properties for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Popov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (P.V.S.); (E.A.P.-K.); (R.I.R.); (S.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.P.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Gleb V. Tikhonowski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (P.V.S.); (E.A.P.-K.); (R.I.R.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Pavel V. Shakhov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (P.V.S.); (E.A.P.-K.); (R.I.R.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Elena A. Popova-Kuznetsova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (P.V.S.); (E.A.P.-K.); (R.I.R.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Gleb I. Tselikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (G.I.T.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Roman I. Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (P.V.S.); (E.A.P.-K.); (R.I.R.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Andrey M. Markeev
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (G.I.T.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Sergey M. Klimentov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.T.); (P.V.S.); (E.A.P.-K.); (R.I.R.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Andrei V. Kabashin
- Laboratory LP3, Campus de Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (A.A.P.); (A.V.K.)
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15
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Ifijen IH, Maliki M. A comprehensive review on the synthesis and photothermal cancer therapy of titanium nitride nanostructures. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2068596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikhazuagbe H. Ifijen
- Department of Research Operations, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Muniratu Maliki
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Edo State University, Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria
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16
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Ray D, Wang HC, Kim J, Santschi C, Martin OJF. A Low-Temperature Annealing Method for Alloy Nanostructures and Metasurfaces: Unlocking a Novel Degree of Freedom. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108225. [PMID: 35167722 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The material and exact shape of a nanostructure determine its optical response, which is especially strong for plasmonic metals. Unfortunately, only a few plasmonic metals are available, which limits the spectral range where these strong optical effects can be utilized. Alloying different plasmonic metals can overcome this limitation, at the expense of using a high-temperature alloying process, which adversely destroys the nanostructure shape. Here, a low-temperature alloying process is developed where the sample is heated at only 300 °C for 8 h followed by 30 min at 450 °C and Au-Ag nanostructures with a broad diversity of shapes, aspect ratios, and stoichiometries are fabricated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm the homogeneous alloying through the entire sample. Varying the alloy stoichiometry tunes the optical response and controls spectral features, such as Fano resonances. Binary metasurfaces that combine nanostructures with different stoichiometries are fabricated using multiple-step electron-beam lithography, and their optical function as a hologram or a Fresnel zone plate is demonstrated at the visible wavelength of λ = 532 nm. This low-temperature annealing technique provides a versatile and cost-effective way of fabricating complex Au-Ag nanostructures with arbitrary stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdatta Ray
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hsiang-Chu Wang
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Christian Santschi
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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17
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Mishra P, Debnath AK, Dutta Choudhury S. Titanium nitride as an alternative and reusable plasmonic substrate for fluorescence coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6256-6265. [PMID: 35229840 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of alternative plasmonic materials that can replace gold and silver is of long-standing interest in materials research. In this study, we have prepared and characterized thin films of TiN, an emerging plasmonic material, and examined its effectiveness for fluorescence coupling in metal-dielectric structures having TiN as the plasmonically active component. We have used a combination of experiment and reflectivity calculations to determine the nature and dispersion of the optical modes sustained by the metal-dielectric structures, which furthermore are adjustable by varying the thickness of the dielectric layer. Our results reveal that fluorophores placed on the TiN substrates can couple with the surface-plasmon mode and/or the waveguide modes supported by these structures, to provide polarized and directional emission over narrow angular ranges. The performance of TiN substrates for surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) and waveguide-coupled emission (WGCE) is found to be comparable with conventional Au substrates. Importantly, the TiN thin films are reusable, which is certainly advantageous for their use in SPCE or WGCE-based fluorescence sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Mishra
- Materials Processing & Corrosion Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anil K Debnath
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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18
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Simpkins BS, Maximenko SI, Baturina O. Potential of TiN/GaN Heterostructures for Hot Carrier Generation and Collection. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050837. [PMID: 35269325 PMCID: PMC8912733 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we find that TiN sputter-deposited on GaN displayed the desired optical properties for plasmonic applications. While this is a positive result indicating the possible use of p- or n-type GaN as a collector of plasmonically generated hot carriers, the interfacial properties differed considerably depending on doping conditions. On p-type GaN, a distinct Schottky barrier was formed with a barrier height of ~0.56 eV, which will enable effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, a typical approach used to extend their lifetimes. On the other hand, no transport barrier was found for TiN on n-type GaN. While the lack of spontaneous carrier separation in this system will likely reduce unprompted hot carrier collection efficiencies, it enables a bias-dependent response whereby charges of the desired type (e.g., electrons) could be directed into the semiconductor or sequestered in the plasmonic material. The specific application of interest would determine which of these conditions is most desirable.
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19
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Lu L, Ye J, Wang J, Li X, Bai X, Wang W. Nanoplasmonic zirconium nitride photocatalyst for direct overall water splitting. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Xie C, Qin Z. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Temperature During Transient Heating of Nanoparticle Arrays. JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER 2022; 144:031204. [PMID: 35833153 PMCID: PMC8823199 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising agents to absorb external energy and generate heat. Clusters of NPs or NP array heating have found an essential role in several biomedical applications, diagnostic techniques, and chemical catalysis. Various studies have shed light on the heat transfer of nanostructures and greatly advanced our understanding of NP array heating. However, there is a lack of analytical tools and dimensionless parameters to describe the transient heating of NP arrays. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive analysis of the transient NP array heating. Firstly, we develop a set of analytical solutions for the NP array heating and provide a useful mathematical description of the spatial-temporal evolution of temperature for 2D, 3D, and spherical NP array heating. Based on this, we introduce the concept of thermal resolution that quantifies the relationship between minimal heating time, NP array size, energy intensity, and target temperature. Lastly, we define a set of dimensionless parameters that characterize the transition from confined heating to delocalized heating. This study advances the understanding of nanomaterials heating and guides the rational design of innovative approaches for NP array heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
- Corresponding author. e-mail:
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080; Department of Surgery, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
- Corresponding author. e-mail:
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21
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Li J, Zhang W, Ji W, Wang J, Wang N, Wu W, Wu Q, Hou X, Hu W, Li L. Near infrared photothermal conversion materials: mechanism, preparation, and photothermal cancer therapy applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7909-7926. [PMID: 34611678 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely applied in cancer therapy as a result of its non-invasive, localized treatment and good therapeutic effect. In general, the final therapeutic effect of PTT mainly depends on the photothermal materials, which can be further considered to be determined by the photothermal conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, and photothermal stability of photothermal materials. In this review, photothermal materials including inorganic materials, organic materials, and organic-inorganic composite materials in recent years have been summarized in terms of the mechanism, preparation, and cancer therapy applications. In the end, the perspectives and obstacles in their further development are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Wanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University (DLMU), Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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22
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Abstract
High-harmonic generation is a cornerstone of nonlinear optics. It has been demonstrated in dielectrics, semiconductors, semi-metals, plasmas, and gases, but, until now, not in metals. Here we report high harmonics of 800-nm-wavelength light irradiating metallic titanium nitride film. Titanium nitride is a refractory metal known for its high melting temperature and large laser damage threshold. We show that it can withstand few-cycle light pulses with peak intensities as high as 13 TW/cm2, enabling high-harmonics generation up to photon energies of 11 eV. We measure the emitted vacuum ultraviolet radiation as a function of the crystal orientation with respect to the laser polarization and show that it is consistent with the anisotropic conduction band structure of titanium nitride. The generation of high harmonics from metals opens a link between solid and plasma harmonics. In addition, titanium nitride is a promising material for refractory plasmonic devices and could enable compact vacuum ultraviolet frequency combs.
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23
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Tao L, Zhang X, Song L, Hu H, Liu L, Ye J, Wang D. Efficient Methanol-to-Olefins Conversion Via Photothermal Effect Over TiN/SAPO-34 Catalyst. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Fomra D, Mamun M, Ding K, Avrutin V, Özgür Ü, Kinsey N. Plasmonic colors in titanium nitride for robust and covert security features. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19586-19592. [PMID: 34266066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically robust metasurface exhibiting plasmonic colors across the visible and the near-IR spectrum is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Thin TiN layers (41 nm in thickness) prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) are patterned with sub-wavelength apertures (75 nm to 150 nm radii), arranged with hexagonal periodicity. These patterned films exhibit extraordinary transmission in the visible and the near-IR spectrum (550 nm to 1040 nm), which is accessible by conventional Si CCD detectors. The TiN structures are shown to withstand high levels of mechanical stresses, tested by rubbing the films against a lint-free cloth under 14.5 kPa of load for 30 minutes, while structures patterned on gold, a widely used plasmonic material, do not. The subwavelength nature of the plasmonic resonances, coupled with robustness and durability of TiN, makes these structures an attractive choice for use in nanoscale security features for heavily handled objects. Furthermore, ALD of these films enables scalability, which in conjunction with the cost-effectiveness of the process and material (TiN) makes the entire process industry friendly.
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25
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Lee D, Go M, Kim M, Jang J, Choi C, Kim JK, Rho J. Multiple-patterning colloidal lithography-implemented scalable manufacturing of heat-tolerant titanium nitride broadband absorbers in the visible to near-infrared. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 34567729 PMCID: PMC8433139 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Broadband perfect absorbers have been intensively researched for decades because of their near-perfect absorption optical property that can be applied to diverse applications. Unfortunately, achieving large-scale and heat-tolerant absorbers has been remained challenging work because of costly and time-consuming lithography methods and thermolability of materials, respectively. Here, we demonstrate a thermally robust titanium nitride broadband absorber with >95% absorption efficiency in the visible and near-infrared region (400-900 nm). A relatively large-scale (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) absorber device is fabricated by using a fabrication technique of multiple-patterning colloidal lithography. The optical properties of the absorber are still maintained even after heating at the temperatures >600 ∘C. Such a large-scale, heat-tolerant, and broadband near-perfect absorber will provide further useful applications in solar thermophotovoltaics, stealth, and absorption controlling in high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
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26
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Egeberg A, Wenzel O, Popescu R, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Pyridine-based Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Crystalline TiN and ZnSiN 2 Nanoparticles. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:334-339. [PMID: 33369889 PMCID: PMC7953485 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TiN and ZnSiN2 nanoparticles are obtained via a novel pyridine-based synthesis route. This one-pot liquid-phase route strictly avoids all oxygen sources (including starting materials, surface functionalization, solvents), which is highly relevant in regard of the material purity and material properties. Colloidally stable suspensions of crystalline, small-sized TiN (5.4±0.4 nm) and ZnSiN2 (5.2±1.1 nm) are instantaneously available from the liquid phase. Elemental analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy confirm the purity of the compounds and specifically the absence of oxygen. The as-prepared ZnSiN2 show yellowish emission (500-700 nm) already at room temperature with its maximum at 570 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Egeberg
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Olivia Wenzel
- Laboratorium für ElektronenmikroskopieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 776131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratorium für ElektronenmikroskopieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 776131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratorium für ElektronenmikroskopieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 776131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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Nguyen NT, Xia M, Duchesne PN, Wang L, Mao C, Jelle AA, Yan T, Li P, Lu ZH, Ozin GA. Enhanced CO 2 Photocatalysis by Indium Oxide Hydroxide Supported on TiN@TiO 2 Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1311-1319. [PMID: 33493396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein is developed a ternary heterostructured catalyst, based on a periodic array of 1D TiN nanotubes, with a TiO2 nanoparticulate intermediate layer and a In2O3-x(OH)y nanoparticulate shell for improved performance in the photocatalytic reverse water gas shift reaction. It is demonstrated that the ordering of the three components in the heterostructure sensitively determine its activity in CO2 photocatalysis. Specifically, TiN nanotubes not only provide a photothermal driving force for the photocatalytic reaction, owing to their strong optical absorption properties, but they also serve as a crucial scaffold for minimizing the required quantity of In2O3-x(OH)y nanoparticles, leading to an enhanced CO production rate. Simultaneously, the TiO2 nanoparticle layer supplies photogenerated electrons and holes that are transferred to active sites on In2O3-x(OH)y nanoparticles and participate in the reactions occurring at the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Truong Nguyen
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Meikun Xia
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul N Duchesne
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Abdinoor A Jelle
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tingjiang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, P.R. China
| | - Peicheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Ozin
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Diroll BT, Brumberg A, Leonard AA, Panuganti S, Watkins NE, Cuthriell SA, Harvey SM, Kinigstein ED, Yu J, Zhang X, Kanatzidis MG, Wasielewski MR, Chen LX, Schaller RD. Photothermal behaviour of titanium nitride nanoparticles evaluated by transient X-ray diffraction. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2658-2664. [PMID: 33496308 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal properties of metal nitrides have recently received significant attention owing to diverse applications in solar energy conversion, photothermal therapies, photoreactions, and thermochromic windows. Here, the photothermal response of titanium nitride nanoparticles is examined using transient X-ray diffraction, in which optical excitation is synchronized with X-ray pulses to characterize dynamic changes in the TiN lattice. Photoinduced diffraction data is quantitatively analyzed to determine increases in the TiN lattice spacing, which are furthermore calibrated against static, temperature-dependent diffraction patterns of the same samples. Measurements of 20 nm and 50 nm diameter TiN nanoparticles reveal transient lattice heating from room temperature up to ∼175 °C for the highest pump fluences investigated here. Increasing excitation intensity drives sublinear increases in lattice temperature, due to increased heat capacity at the higher effective temperatures achieved at higher powers. Temporal dynamics show that higher excitation intensity drives not only higher lattice temperatures, but also unexpectedly slower cooling of the TiN nanoparticles, which is attributed to heating of the solvent proximal to the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ariel A Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Shobhana Panuganti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicolas E Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shelby A Cuthriell
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Samantha M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Eli D Kinigstein
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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29
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Bastiancich C, Da Silva A, Estève MA. Photothermal Therapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Potential and Preclinical Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610356. [PMID: 33520720 PMCID: PMC7845694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and finding effective therapies is a pharmaceutical challenge and an unmet medical need. Photothermal therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of GBM, as it allows the destruction of the tumor using heat as a non-chemical treatment for disease bypassing the GBM heterogeneity limitations, conventional drug resistance mechanisms and side effects on peripheral healthy tissues. However, its development is hampered by the distinctive features of this tumor. Photoabsorbing agents such as nanoparticles need to reach the tumor site at therapeutic concentrations, crossing the blood-brain barrier upon systemic administration. Subsequently, a near infrared light irradiating the head must cross multiple barriers to reach the tumor site without causing any local damage. Its power intensity needs to be within the safety limit and its penetration depth should be sufficient to induce deep and localized hyperthermia and achieve tumor destruction. To properly monitor the therapy, imaging techniques that can accurately measure the increase in temperature within the brain must be used. In this review, we report and discuss recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated plasmonic photothermal therapy for GBM treatment and discuss the preclinical challenges commonly faced by researchers to develop and test such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bastiancich
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Anabela Da Silva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Anne Estève
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Pharmacie, Marseille, France
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30
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Yao Y, Zhou J, Liu Z, Liu X, Fu G, Liu G. Refractory materials and plasmonics based perfect absorbers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:132002. [PMID: 33302265 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, metamaterial light absorbers have attracted tremendous attention due to their impressive absorption efficiency and significant potential for multiple kinds of applications. However, the conventional noble metals based metamaterial and nanomaterial absorbers always suffer from the structural damage by the local high temperature resulting from the strong plasmonic photo-thermal effects. To address this challenge, intensive research has been conducted to develop the absorbers which can realize efficient light absorption and simultaneously keep the structural stability under high temperatures. In this review, we present detail discussion on the refractory materials which can provide robust thermal stability and high performance for light absorption. Moreover, promising theoretical designs and experimental demonstrations that possess excellent features are also reviewed, including broadband strong light absorption, high temperature durability, and even the easy-to-fabricate configuration. Some applications challenges and prospects of refractory materials based plasmonic perfect absorbers are also introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolan Fu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqiang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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31
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Li Y, Lin C, Wu Z, Chen Z, Chi C, Cao F, Mei D, Yan H, Tso CY, Chao CYH, Huang B. Solution-Processed All-Ceramic Plasmonic Metamaterials for Efficient Solar-Thermal Conversion over 100-727 °C. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005074. [PMID: 33241608 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and large-area solar-thermal absorbers with superior spectral selectivity and excellent thermal stability are vital for efficient and large-scale solar-thermal conversion applications, such as space heating, desalination, ice mitigation, photothermal catalysis, and concentrating solar power. Few state-of-the-art selective absorbers are qualified for both low- (<200 °C) and high-temperature (>600 °C) applications due to insufficient spectral selectivity or thermal stability over a wide temperature range. Here, a high-performance plasmonic metamaterial selective absorber is developed by facile solution-based processes via assembling an ultrathin (≈120 nm) titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticle film on a TiN mirror. Enabled by the synergetic in-plane plasmon and out-of-plane Fabry-Pérot resonances, the all-ceramic plasmonic metamaterial simultaneously achieves high, full-spectrum solar absorption (95%), low mid-IR emission (3% at 100 °C), and excellent stability over a temperature range of 100-727 °C, even outperforming most vacuum-deposited absorbers at their specific operating temperatures. The competitive performance of the solution-processed absorber is accompanied by a significant cost reduction compared with vacuum-deposited absorbers. All these merits render it a cost-effective, universal solution to offering high efficiency (89-93%) for both low- and high-temperature solar-thermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zuoxu Wu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhongying Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feng Cao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chi Yan Tso
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Christopher Y H Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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32
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Thi Le TL, Nguyen LT, Nguyen HH, Nghia NV, Vuong NM, Hieu HN, Thang NV, Le VT, Nguyen VH, Lin PC, Yadav A, Madarevic I, Janssens E, Bui HV, Ngoc LLT. Titanium Nitride Nanodonuts Synthesized from Natural Ilmenite Ore as a Novel and Efficient Thermoplasmonic Material. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010076. [PMID: 33396435 PMCID: PMC7823350 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructures of titanium nitride (TiN) have recently been considered as a new class of plasmonic materials that have been utilized in many solar energy applications. This work presents the synthesis of a novel nanostructure of TiN that has a nanodonut shape from natural ilmenite ore using a low-cost and bulk method. The TiN nanodonuts exhibit strong and spectrally broad localized surface plasmon resonance absorption in the visible region centered at 560 nm, which is well suited for thermoplasmonic applications as a nanoscale heat source. The heat generation is investigated by water evaporation experiments under simulated solar light, demonstrating excellent solar light harvesting performance of the nanodonut structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Lieu Thi Le
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Lam Tan Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Hoai-Hue Nguyen
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam; (H.-H.N.); (V.T.L.); (V.H.N.)
| | - Nguyen Van Nghia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Minh Vuong
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Hoang Nhat Hieu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Viet Thong Le
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam; (H.-H.N.); (V.T.L.); (V.H.N.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam; (H.-H.N.); (V.T.L.); (V.H.N.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Pin-Cheng Lin
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-C.L.); (A.Y.); (I.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Anupam Yadav
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-C.L.); (A.Y.); (I.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Ivan Madarevic
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-C.L.); (A.Y.); (I.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-C.L.); (A.Y.); (I.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Hao Van Bui
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam; (H.-H.N.); (V.T.L.); (V.H.N.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.V.B.); (L.L.T.N.); Tel.: +84-961-960-639 (L.L.T.N.)
| | - Loan Le Thi Ngoc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam; (T.-L.T.L.); (L.T.N.); (N.V.N.); (N.M.V.); (H.N.H.); (N.V.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.V.B.); (L.L.T.N.); Tel.: +84-961-960-639 (L.L.T.N.)
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33
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Misra S, Zhang D, Lu P, Wang H. Thermal stability of self-assembled ordered three-phase Au-BaTiO 3-ZnO nanocomposite thin films via in situ heating in TEM. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23673-23681. [PMID: 33216070 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06115h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stability of oxide-metal nanocomposites is important for designing practical devices for high temperature applications. Here, we study the thermal stability of the self-assembled ordered three-phase Au-BaTiO3-ZnO nanocomposite by both ex situ annealing under air and vacuum conditions, and by in situ heating in TEM in a vacuum. The study reveals that the variation of the annealing conditions greatly affects the resulting microstructure and the associated dominant diffusion mechanism. Specifically, Au nanoparticles show coarsening upon air annealing, while Au and Zn either form a solid solution, with Zn atomic percentage less than 10%, or undergo a reverse Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) mechanism upon vacuum annealing. The distinct microstructures obtained also show different permittivity response in the visible and near-infrared region, while retaining their hyperbolic dispersion characteristics enabled by their highly anisotropic structures. Such in situ heating study in TEM provides critical information about microstructure evolution, growth mechanisms at the nanoscale, and thermal stability of the multi-phase nanocomposites for future electronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Misra
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Nguyen NT, Yan T, Wang L, Loh JYY, Duchesne PN, Mao C, Li PC, Jelle AA, Xia M, Ghoussoub M, Kherani NP, Lu ZH, Ozin GA. Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Facilitates Indium Oxide CO 2 Photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005754. [PMID: 33201581 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale titanium nitride TiN is a metallic material that can effectively harvest sunlight over a broad spectral range and produce high local temperatures via the photothermal effect. Nanoscale indium oxide-hydroxide, In2 O3- x (OH)y , is a semiconducting material capable of photocatalyzing the hydrogenation of gaseous CO2 ; however, its wide electronic bandgap limits its absorption of photons to the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum. Herein, the benefits of both nanomaterials in a ternary heterostructure: TiN@TiO2 @In2 O3- x (OH)y are combined. This heterostructured material synergistically couples the metallic TiN and semiconducting In2 O3- x (OH)y phases via an interfacial semiconducting TiO2 layer, allowing it to drive the light-assisted reverse water gas shift reaction at a conversion rate greatly surpassing that of its individual components or any binary combinations thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Truong Nguyen
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tingjiang Yan
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joel Yi Yang Loh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Paul N Duchesne
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Cheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Abdinoor A Jelle
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Meikun Xia
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mireille Ghoussoub
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Ozin
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Vu NN, Kaliaguine S, Do TO. Plasmonic Photocatalysts for Sunlight-Driven Reduction of CO 2 : Details, Developments, and Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3967-3991. [PMID: 32476290 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalysis is among the most efficient processes for the photoreduction of CO2 into valuable fuels. The formation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), energy transfer, and surface reaction are the significant steps in this process. LSPR plays an essential role in the performance of plasmonic photocatalysts as it promotes an excellent, light absorption over a broad wavelength range while simultaneously facilitating an efficient energy transfer to semiconductors. The LSPR transfers energy to a semiconductor through various mechanisms, which have both advantages and disadvantages. This work points out four critical features for plasmonic photocatalyst design, that is, plasmonic materials, size, shape of plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs), and the contact between PNPs and semiconductor. Various developed plasmonic photocatalysts, as well as their photocatalytic performance in CO2 photoreduction, are reviewed and discussed. Finally, perspectives of advanced architectures and structural engineering for plasmonic photocatalyst design are put forward with high expectations to achieve an efficient CO2 photoreduction shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu-Nang Vu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Kaliaguine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Trong-On Do
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Wang D, Allcca AEL, Chung TF, Kildishev AV, Chen YP, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM. Enhancing the graphene photocurrent using surface plasmons and a p-n junction. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:126. [PMID: 32704359 PMCID: PMC7371713 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The recently proposed concept of graphene photodetectors offers remarkable properties such as unprecedented compactness, ultrabroadband detection, and an ultrafast response speed. However, owing to the low optical absorption of pristine monolayer graphene, the intrinsically low responsivity of graphene photodetectors significantly hinders the development of practical devices. To address this issue, numerous efforts have thus far been made to enhance the light-graphene interaction using plasmonic structures. These approaches, however, can be significantly advanced by leveraging the other critical aspect of graphene photoresponsivity enhancement-electrical junction control. It has been reported that the dominant photocarrier generation mechanism in graphene is the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect. Thus, the two energy conversion mechanisms involved in the graphene photodetection process are light-to-heat and heat-to-electricity conversions. In this work, we propose a meticulously designed device architecture to simultaneously enhance the two conversion efficiencies. Specifically, a gap plasmon structure is used to absorb a major portion of the incident light to induce localized heating, and a pair of split gates is used to produce a p-n junction in graphene to augment the PTE current generation. The gap plasmon structure and the split gates are designed to share common key components so that the proposed device architecture concurrently realizes both optical and electrical enhancements. We experimentally demonstrate the dominance of the PTE effect in graphene photocurrent generation and observe a 25-fold increase in the generated photocurrent compared to the un-enhanced cases. While further photocurrent enhancement can be achieved by applying a DC bias, the proposed device concept shows vast potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Andres E. Llacsahuanga Allcca
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Ting-Fung Chung
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Yong P. Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute (PQSEI), Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, 47907 USA
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Karaballi RA, Monfared YE, Dasog M. Overview of Synthetic Methods to Prepare Plasmonic Transition-Metal Nitride Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2020; 26:8499-8505. [PMID: 32068296 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new plasmonic materials that are low-cost, chemically and thermally stable, and exhibit low optical losses has garnered significant attention among researchers. Recently, metal nitrides have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional, noble-metal-based plasmonic materials, such as silver and gold. Many of the initial studies on metal nitrides have focused on computational prediction of the plasmonic properties of these materials. In recent years, several synthetic methods have been developed to enable empirical analysis. This review highlights synthetic techniques for the preparation of plasmonic metal nitride nanoparticles, which are predominantly free-standing, by using solid-state and solid-gas phase reactions, nonthermal and arc plasma methods, and laser ablation. The physical properties of the nanoparticles, such as shape, size, crystallinity, and optical response, obtained with such synthetic methods are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Karaballi
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yashar E Monfared
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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38
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Synthesis, plasmonic properties, and CWA simulant decontamination activity of first row early transition metal nitride powders and nanomaterials. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang X, Ma X, Shi E, Lu P, Dou L, Zhang X, Wang H. Large-Scale Plasmonic Hybrid Framework with Built-In Nanohole Array as Multifunctional Optical Sensing Platforms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906459. [PMID: 32072751 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light coupling with patterned subwavelength hole arrays induces enhanced transmission supported by the strong surface plasmon mode. In this work, a nanostructured plasmonic framework with vertically built-in nanohole arrays at deep-subwavelength scale (6 nm) is demonstrated using a two-step fabrication method. The nanohole arrays are formed first by the growth of a high-quality two-phase (i.e., Au-TiN) vertically aligned nanocomposite template, followed by selective wet-etching of the metal (Au). Such a plasmonic nanohole film owns high epitaxial quality with large surface coverage and the structure can be tailored as either fully etched or half-way etched nanoholes via careful control of the etching process. The chemically inert and plasmonic TiN plays a role in maintaining sharp hole boundary and preventing lattice distortion. Optical properties such as enhanced transmittance and anisotropic dielectric function in the visible regime are demonstrated. Numerical simulation suggests an extended surface plasmon mode and strong field enhancement at the hole edges. Two demonstrations, including the enhanced and modulated photoluminescence by surface coupling with 2D perovskite nanoplates and the refractive index sensing by infiltrating immersion liquids, suggest the great potential of such plasmonic nanohole array for reusable surface plasmon-enhanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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40
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Askes SHC, Schilder NJ, Zoethout E, Polman A, Garnett EC. Tunable plasmonic HfN nanoparticles and arrays. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20252-20260. [PMID: 31624815 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07683b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the fabrication of tunable plasmonic hafnium nitride (HfN) nanoparticles. HfN is a metallic refractory material with the potential of supporting plasmon resonances in the visible range, similar to silver and gold, but with the additional benefits of high melting point, chemical stability, and mechanical hardness. However, the preparation of HfN nanoparticles and the experimental demonstration of their plasmonic potential are still in their infancy. Here, high quality HfN thin films were fabricated, for which ellipsometry shows their plasmonic potential. From these thin films, nanorods and nanotriangles were milled using a focused ion beam and the plasmon resonances were identified using cathodoluminescence mapping. As an alternative fabrication strategy, an optimized electron-beam lithography procedure was used to prepare arrays of HfN nanoparticles, which also exhibited clear surface plasmon resonances. These results pave the way to further explore HfN nanoparticles in plasmonically-powered applications where materials robustness is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H C Askes
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nick J Schilder
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin Zoethout
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik C Garnett
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chang CC, Nogan J, Yang ZP, Kort-Kamp WJM, Ross W, Luk TS, Dalvit DAR, Azad AK, Chen HT. Highly Plasmonic Titanium Nitride by Room-Temperature Sputtering. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15287. [PMID: 31653881 PMCID: PMC6814862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) has recently emerged as an attractive alternative material for plasmonics. However, the typical high-temperature deposition of plasmonic TiN using either sputtering or atomic layer deposition has greatly limited its potential applications and prevented its integration into existing CMOS device architectures. Here, we demonstrate highly plasmonic TiN thin films and nanostructures by a room-temperature, low-power, and bias-free reactive sputtering process. We investigate the optical properties of the TiN films and their dependence on the sputtering conditions and substrate materials. We find that our TiN possesses one of the largest negative values of the real part of the dielectric function as compared to all other plasmonic TiN films reported to date. Two-dimensional periodic arrays of TiN nanodisks are then fabricated, from which we validate that strong plasmonic resonances are supported. Our room-temperature deposition process can allow for fabricating complex plasmonic TiN nanostructures and be integrated into the fabrication of existing CMOS-based photonic devices to enhance their performance and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chang
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA. .,Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - John Nogan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87123, USA
| | - Zu-Po Yang
- Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd. Road, Tainan, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Wilton J M Kort-Kamp
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Willard Ross
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87123, USA
| | - Ting S Luk
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87123, USA
| | - Diego A R Dalvit
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Abul K Azad
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Hou-Tong Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
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42
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Yang J, Almossalami HA, Wang Z, Wu K, Wang C, Sun K, Yang YM, Ye H. Direct Observations of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Highly Conductive Organic Thin Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39132-39142. [PMID: 31429274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic effect plays a significant role in many optoelectronic devices and enables various innovative applications. It has been widely studied in metallic materials, for example, Ag and Au, and later was expanded to transparent conductive oxides, etc. However, such plasmonic structures have limitations in many emerging optoelectronics including flexible optoelectronics, organic optoelectronics, and so on, due to their inorganic natures. In this manuscript, we discovered that the acid-modified highly conductive organic PEDOT:PSS film shows interesting plasmonic properties in the vis-NIR region and exhibits great potentials for activating surface plasmon polaritons. The dispersion curves of dielectric permittivity and optical constants of two modified PEDOT:PSS samples are obtained by inversion calculation of the spectroscopic ellipsometry data with the Drude-Lorentz dispersion model. The permittivity crossover wavelengths λC and the surface plasmon wavelengths λsp are found to be located squarely in the 650-900 nm range, which will enable future plasmonic device applications in the vis-NIR region. The activation of surface plasmon polaritons propagation mode of modified PEDOT:PSS is directly observed and confirmed by prism coupling experiments. In addition, further quantitative analysis revealed that our modified PEDOT:PSS samples have comparable abilities to generate, propagate, and confine surface plasmon polaritons as indium tin oxide (ITO). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of an organic structure showing equivalent plasmonic properties to the inorganic ones. We believe it will open up much more possibilities for the optoelectronic devices, due to the flexibility, lightness, biological compatibility, and solution processability of the organic plasmonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Hossam A Almossalami
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Zhewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
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Gschwend PM, Krumeich F, Pratsinis SE. 110th Anniversary: Synthesis of Plasmonic Silica-Coated TiN Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M. Gschwend
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Yatsugi K, Nishikawa K. Highly anisotropic titanium nitride nanowire arrays for low-loss hyperbolic metamaterials fabricated via dynamic oblique deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:335705. [PMID: 31026845 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1d17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with highly anisotropic metal nanowires exhibit unique optical properties arising from their extraordinary optical anisotropy. Although metal nanowires are often fabricated by embedding noble metals such as silver in an anodic alumina membrane dielectric host, the low melting point of noble metals limits their utilization in high-temperature applications, and there are fabrication issues such as overfilling or discontinuous islands within the host pores. Thus, metal nanowires with a high melting point for HMMs and alternative fabrication techniques are desired. In this study, we fabricated a highly anisotropic nanowire array (NWA) using titanium nitride, which has a high melting point, via dynamic oblique deposition of titanium and subsequent thermal treatment in ammonia. Spectra of ellipsometric parameters were well-fitted by a Fresnel reflection theoretical model considering the optical anisotropy, in which the effective permittivity was described using effective medium theory and the Drude-Lorentz model. The out-of-plane component of the effective permittivity was negative at λ > 850 nm, whereas the in-plane component was positive, indicating that the fabricated NWA behaves as a HMM. The figure of merit in the near-infrared range was higher than that of conventional multilayer TiN HMMs. The NWA presented here is a promising candidate for HMMs in high-temperature applications due to the high melting point of titanium nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yatsugi
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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45
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Hou G, Wang Z, Ma H, Ji Y, Yu L, Xu J, Chen K. High-temperature stable plasmonic and cavity resonances in metal nanoparticle-decorated silicon nanopillars for strong broadband absorption in photothermal applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14777-14784. [PMID: 31353390 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles in conjunction with the cavity mode resonance in crystalline silicon (c-Si) nanopillars (NPs) can help achieve strongly enhanced broadband light absorption far beyond the limit of bulk c-Si. However, a major concern arises from the stability of metal nanoparticles, particularly at a high temperature, as the diffusion and conglomeration of the nanoparticles will undermine the very basis for the advantageous plasmonic effect. We here carried out a systematic investigation of the thermal stability of different metal nanoparticles coated on 3D Si-based NPs and found that simple Al2O3 encapsulation could help stabilize the gold (Au) particles coated on Si NPs even when subjected to annealing at >1073 K while accomplishing excellent broadband optical absorption (∼95%) from 200 nm to 2500 nm. This could be assigned mainly to the excellent dispersion retention capability of the Al2O3-encapsulated Au nanoparticles and the beneficial plasmon resonance absorption among the Au nanoparticles and Si NPs, as also revealed from the FDTD simulation analysis. Finally, a rapid vapor generation application was demonstrated based on the optimized Au/Si NPs, where salt water drops could be directly injected onto the high-temperature photo-heated Au/Si NPs and could vaporize/bounce off quickly without leaving any salt precipitation on the surface. This new strategy can also pave the way for high-performance Si-based photothermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Hou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
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46
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Mascaretti L, Dutta A, Kment Š, Shalaev VM, Boltasseva A, Zbořil R, Naldoni A. Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Efficient Renewable Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805513. [PMID: 30773753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for producing hydrogen without greenhouse gas emissions. Despite decades of unceasing efforts, the efficiency of PEC devices based on earth-abundant semiconductors is still limited by their low light absorption, low charge mobility, high charge-carrier recombination, and reduced diffusion length. Plasmonics has recently emerged as an effective approach for overcoming these limitations, although a full understanding of the involved physical mechanisms remains elusive. Here, the reported plasmonic effects are outlined, such as resonant energy transfer, scattering, hot electron injection, guided modes, and photonic effects, as well as the less investigated catalytic and thermal effects used in PEC water splitting. In each section, the fundamentals are reviewed and the most representative examples are discussed, illustrating possible future developments for achieving improved efficiency of plasmonic photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mascaretti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aveek Dutta
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Štěpán Kment
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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47
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Gschwend PM, Conti S, Kaech A, Maake C, Pratsinis SE. Silica-Coated TiN Particles for Killing Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22550-22560. [PMID: 31203601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) using plasmonic nanoparticles for cancer treatment is on the verge of clinical application. Titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles offer a promising alternative to commonly used gold-based systems at a fraction of the costs. Little is known, however, about the relationship between TiN particle characteristics and their optical properties in colloidal systems. Here, TiN nanoparticles with closely controlled characteristics are prepared by nitridation of TiO2, and their use as PTT agents is explored. Emphasis is placed on the particle surface and core oxygen content, which dominate the TiN optical properties. Colloidal suspensions were studied under UV-vis and near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation and correlated to particle characteristics. High nitridation temperatures and long residence times lead to increased NIR light absorption. Too high nitridation temperatures, however, lead to particle aggregation that deteriorated their optical properties. This was overcome with SiO2 coating of TiO2 nanoparticles prior to nitridation: the resulting SiO2-coated TiN particles exhibited increased plasmonic performance compared to bare TiN, which is attributed to reduced plasmonic coupling effects. The optimized SiO2-coated TiN had a photothermal efficiency of 58.5% and mass extinction coefficient of 31.6 L g-1 cm-1, outperforming commercial gold nanoshells that are used in clinical trials. The potential of SiO2-coated TiN for photothermal therapy was demonstrated by controllably killing HeLa cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Gschwend
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Soneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Sotiris E Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zürich , Soneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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48
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Shinde SL, Ishii S, Nagao T. Sub-Band Gap Photodetection from the Titanium Nitride/Germanium Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21965-21972. [PMID: 31056897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited hot carriers through nonradiative decay offer new opportunities for harnessing longer wavelength light. Here, we have demonstrated a hot-carrier-mediated sub-band gap photodetection in germanium-based planar heterojunction devices. The planar samples that form in situ germanium/titanium nitride (Ge/TiN) interfaces are fabricated by the dc sputtering technique, and the generation of photocurrent by near-infrared (NIR) light illumination is confirmed up to 2600 nm, well exceeding the absorption limit of Ge. The photocurrent obtained with nickel contacts is 3 orders larger than that obtained without metal contacts or with gold contacts in similar structures. The specific detectivity ( D*) value for the TiN/Ge photodetector is obtained to be 6.32 × 105 Jones at the sub-band gap excitation wavelength of 2000 nm without applying any bias. The superior performances of our device are attributed to the broad absorption of the TiN, the plasmonic hot carrier transfer from the TiN to Ge, and built-in potential of the TiN/Ge non-Ohmic junction, which allows efficient separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Our results further support the use of TiN, which is robust and cost-effective, as an alternative to metals for NIR photodetection and photovoltaics when it forms a heterostructure with Ge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Laxman Shinde
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nagao
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics Graduate School of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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49
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Wang D, Koh YR, Kudyshev ZA, Maize K, Kildishev AV, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM, Shakouri A. Spatial and Temporal Nanoscale Plasmonic Heating Quantified by Thermoreflectance. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3796-3803. [PMID: 31067061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The field of thermoplasmonics has thrived in the past decades because it uniquely provides remotely controllable nanometer-scale heat sources that have augmented numerous technologies. Despite the extensive studies on steady-state plasmonic heating, the dynamic behavior of the plasmonic heaters in the nanosecond regime has remained largely unexplored, yet such a time scale is indeed essential for a broad range of applications such as photocatalysis, optical modulators, and detectors. Here, we use two distinct techniques based on the temperature-dependent surface reflectivity of materials, optical thermoreflectance imaging (OTI) and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), to comprehensively investigate plasmonic heating in both spatial and temporal domains. Specifically, OTI enables the rapid visualization of plasmonic heating with sub-micron resolution, outperforming a standard thermal camera, and allows us to establish the connection between the optical absorptance and heating efficiency as well as to analyze plasmonic heating dynamics on the millisecond scale. Using the TDTR technique, we, for the first time, study the optical resonance-dependent heat-transfer dynamics of a nanometer-scale plasmonic structure in the nanosecond regime and use a detailed computational model to extract the impulse response and thermal interface conductance of a multilayer plasmonic structure. The study reveals a quantitative relationship between the dimensions of the nanopatterned structure and its spatiotemporal thermal response to the light pulse excitation, a thermoplasmonic effect resulting from the spatial distribution of the absorbed electromagnetic energy. We also conclude that the two thermoreflectance techniques provide necessary feedback to nanoscale thermoplasmonic heat management, for which optimization in either heating power or temperature decay speed is needed.
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Jauffred L, Samadi A, Klingberg H, Bendix PM, Oddershede LB. Plasmonic Heating of Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8087-8130. [PMID: 31125213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of light by plasmonic nanostructures and their associated temperature increase are exquisitely sensitive to the shape and composition of the structure and to the wavelength of light. Therefore, much effort is put into synthesizing novel nanostructures for optimized interaction with the incident light. The successful synthesis and characterization of high quality and biocompatible plasmonic colloidal nanoparticles has fostered numerous and expanding applications, especially in biomedical contexts, where such particles are highly promising for general drug delivery and for tomorrow's cancer treatment. We review the thermoplasmonic properties of the most commonly used plasmonic nanoparticles, including solid or composite metallic nanoparticles of various dimensions and geometries. Common methods for synthesizing plasmonic particles are presented with the overall goal of providing the reader with a guide for designing or choosing nanostructures with optimal thermoplasmonic properties for a given application. Finally, the biocompatibility and biological tolerance of structures are critically discussed along with novel applications of plasmonic nanoparticles in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Samadi
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik Klingberg
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Lene B Oddershede
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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