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Yan N, Qiu Y, He X, Tang X, Hao Q, Chen M. Plasmonic Enhanced Nanocrystal Infrared Photodetectors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3216. [PMID: 37110051 PMCID: PMC10146273 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional nanomaterials are widely investigated in infrared photodetectors (PDs) due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. To further improve the PDs property like quantum efficiency, metallic microstructures are commonly used, which could squeeze light into sub-diffraction volumes for enhanced absorption through surface plasma exciton resonance effects. In recent years, plasmonic enhanced nanocrystal infrared PDs have shown excellent performance and attracted much research interest. In this paper, we summarize the progress in plasmonic enhanced nanocrystal infrared PDs based on different metallic structures. We also discuss challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiquan Yan
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xubing He
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Tang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
| | - Qun Hao
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Menglu Chen
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
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2
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Shugabaev T, Gridchin VO, Komarov SD, Kirilenko DA, Kryzhanovskaya NV, Kotlyar KP, Reznik RR, Girshova YI, Nikolaev VV, Kaliteevski MA, Cirlin GE. Photoluminescence Redistribution of InGaN Nanowires Induced by Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061069. [PMID: 36985964 PMCID: PMC10051209 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures based on InGaN nanowires with decorated plasmonic silver nanoparticles are investigated in the present study. It is shown that plasmonic nanoparticles induce the redistribution of room temperature photoluminescence between short-wavelength and long-wavelength peaks of InGaN nanowires. It is defined that short-wavelength maxima decreased by 20%, whereas the long-wavelength maxima increased by 19%. We attribute this phenomenon to the energy transfer and enhancement between the coalesced part of the NWs with 10-13% In content and the tips above with an In content of about 20-23%. A proposed Fröhlich resonance model for silver NPs surrounded by a medium with refractive index of 2.45 and spread 0.1 explains the enhancement effect, whereas the decreasing of the short-wavelength peak is associated with the diffusion of charge carriers between the coalesced part of the NWs and the tips above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talgat Shugabaev
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.S.); (V.O.G.); (R.R.R.)
- Department of Physics, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav O. Gridchin
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.S.); (V.O.G.); (R.R.R.)
- Department of Physics, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Rizhsky 26, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey D. Komarov
- Department of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Kantemirovskaya 3/1 A, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Natalia V. Kryzhanovskaya
- Department of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Kantemirovskaya 3/1 A, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Kotlyar
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.S.); (V.O.G.); (R.R.R.)
- Department of Physics, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Rizhsky 26, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rodion R. Reznik
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.S.); (V.O.G.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Yelizaveta I. Girshova
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentin V. Nikolaev
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael A. Kaliteevski
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - George E. Cirlin
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.S.); (V.O.G.); (R.R.R.)
- Department of Physics, Alferov University, Khlopina 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Rizhsky 26, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, Polytechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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3
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Aman G, Mohammadi F, Fränzl M, Lysevych M, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Schmitzer H, Cahay M, Wagner HP. Effect of Au substrate and coating on the lasing characteristics of GaAs nanowires. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21378. [PMID: 34725406 PMCID: PMC8560920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically pumped lasing from highly Zn-doped GaAs nanowires lying on an Au film substrate and from Au-coated nanowires has been demonstrated up to room temperature. The conically shaped GaAs nanowires were first coated with a 5 nm thick Al2O3 shell to suppress atmospheric oxidation and band-bending effects. Doping with a high Zn concentration increases both the radiative efficiency and the material gain and leads to lasing up to room temperature. A detailed analysis of the observed lasing behavior, using finite-difference time domain simulations, reveals that the lasing occurs from low loss hybrid modes with predominately photonic character combined with electric field enhancement effects. Achieving low loss lasing from NWs on an Au film and from Au coated nanowires opens new prospects for on-chip integration of nanolasers with new functionalities including electro-optical modulation, conductive shielding, and polarization control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanan Aman
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Fatemesadat Mohammadi
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Martin Fränzl
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Physics, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mykhaylo Lysevych
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, ARC Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, ARC Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, ARC Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Heidrun Schmitzer
- grid.268352.80000 0004 1936 7849Department of Physics, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA
| | - Marc Cahay
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Hans Peter Wagner
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
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Shi J, Li Y, Kang M, He X, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Zhang S, Xu H. Efficient Second Harmonic Generation in a Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide by Mode Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3838-3845. [PMID: 31125243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient nanoscale coherent light sources is essential for advances in technological applications such as integrated photonic circuits, bioimaging, and sensing. An on-chip wavelength convertor based on second harmonic generation (SHG) would be a crucial step toward this goal, but the light-conversion efficiency would be low for small device dimensions. Here we demonstrate strongly enhanced SHG with a high conversion efficiency of 4 × 10-5 W-1 from a hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisting of a CdSe nanowire coupled with a Au film. The strong spatial overlap of the waveguide mode with the nonlinear material and momentum conservation between the incident and reflected modes are the key factors resulting in such high efficiency. The SHG emission angles vary linearly with excitation wavelength, indicating a nonlinear steering of coherent light emission at the subwavelength scale. Our work is promising for the realization of efficient and tunable nonlinear coherent sources and opens new approaches for efficient integrated nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Xiaobo He
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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5
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Carnio BN, Elezzabi AY. Second harmonic generation in metal-LiNbO 3-metal and LiNbO 3 hybrid-plasmonic waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:26283-26291. [PMID: 30469718 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.026283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplasmonic waveguides based on lithium niobate (LN) are shown to provide the light-matter interaction required for next-generation developments in nonlinear frequency-conversion nanostructures. Here, we numerically investigate second harmonic generation of a 1550 nm, 100 fs pulse in metal-LN-metal (MLNM) nanoplasmonic and LN hybrid-plasmonic (LNHP) waveguides. In comparison to a photonic LN waveguide, a 2.1 µm-long LNHP waveguide exhibits a conversion efficiency improvement of 11 times, whereas a 20 µm-long MLNM nanoplasmonic waveguide is shown to have a conversion efficiency of 1.1 × 10-4. The MLNM nanoplasmonic and LNHP waveguides have the potential to operate as sources of optical radiation for on-chip photonic systems.
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6
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Sitek A, Urbaneja Torres M, Torfason K, Gudmundsson V, Bertoni A, Manolescu A. Excitons in Core-Shell Nanowires with Polygonal Cross Sections. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2581-2589. [PMID: 29578727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The distinctive prismatic geometry of semiconductor core-shell nanowires leads to complex localization patterns of carriers. Here, we describe the formation of optically active in-gap excitonic states induced by the interplay between localization of carriers in the corners and their mutual Coulomb interaction. To compute the energy spectra and configurations of excitons created in the conductive shell, we use a multielectron numerical approach based on the exact solution of the multiparticle Hamiltonian for electrons in the valence and conduction bands, which includes the Coulomb interaction in a nonperturbative manner. We expose the formation of well-separated quasidegenerate levels, and focus on the implications of the electron localization in the corners or on the sides of triangular, square, and hexagonal cross sections. We obtain excitonic in-gap states associated with symmetrically distributed electrons in the spin singlet configuration. They acquire large contributions due to Coulomb interaction, and thus are shifted to much higher energies than other states corresponding to the conduction electron and the vacancy localized in the same corner. We compare the results of the multielectron method with those of an electron-hole model, and we show that the latter does not reproduce the singlet excitonic states. We also obtain the exciton lifetime and explain selection rules which govern the recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sitek
- School of Science and Engineering , Reykjavik University , Menntavegur 1 , IS-101 Reykjavik , Iceland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Miguel Urbaneja Torres
- School of Science and Engineering , Reykjavik University , Menntavegur 1 , IS-101 Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Kristinn Torfason
- School of Science and Engineering , Reykjavik University , Menntavegur 1 , IS-101 Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Vidar Gudmundsson
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , Dunhaga 3 , IS-107 Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Andrea Bertoni
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Via Campi 213a , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Andrei Manolescu
- School of Science and Engineering , Reykjavik University , Menntavegur 1 , IS-101 Reykjavik , Iceland
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7
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Wen X, Xu W, Zhao W, Khurgin JB, Xiong Q. Plasmonic Hot Carriers-Controlled Second Harmonic Generation in WSe 2 Bilayers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1686-1692. [PMID: 29376381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulating second harmonic generation (SHG) by a static electric field through either electric-field-induced SHG or charge-induced SHG has been well documented. Nonetheless, it is essential to develop the ability to dynamically control and manipulate the nonlinear properties, preferably at high speed. Plasmonic hot carriers can be resonantly excited in metal nanoparticles and then injected into semiconductors within 10-100 fs, where they eventually decay on a comparable time scale. This allows one to rapidly manipulate all kinds of characteristics of semiconductors, including their nonlinear properties. Here we demonstrate that plasmonically generated hot electrons can be injected from plasmonic nanostructure into bilayer (2L) tungsten diselenide (WSe2), breaking the material inversion symmetry and thus inducing an SHG. With a set of pump-probe experiments we confirm that it is the dynamic separation electric field resulting from the hot carrier injection (rather than a simple optical field enhancement) that is the cause of SHG. Transient absorption measurement further substantiate the plasmonic hot electrons injection and allow us to measure a rise time of ∼120 fs and a fall time of 1.9 ps. Our study creates opportunity for the ultrafast all-optical control of SHG in an all-optical manner that may enable a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Wen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Weigao Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Jacob B Khurgin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Centre of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 639798
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8
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Enhanced fluorescence detection of proteins using ZnO nanowires integrated inside microfluidic chips. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:368-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Nie KY, Li J, Chen X, Xu Y, Tu X, Ren FF, Du Q, Fu L, Kang L, Tang K, Gu S, Zhang R, Wu P, Zheng Y, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Ye J. Extreme absorption enhancement in ZnTe:O/ZnO intermediate band core-shell nanowires by interplay of dielectric resonance and plasmonic bowtie nanoantennas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7503. [PMID: 28790363 PMCID: PMC5548811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs) are conceptual and promising for next generation high efficiency photovoltaic devices, whereas, IB impact on the cell performance is still marginal due to the weak absorption of IB states. Here a rational design of a hybrid structure composed of ZnTe:O/ZnO core-shell nanowires (NWs) with Al bowtie nanoantennas is demonstrated to exhibit strong ability in tuning and enhancing broadband light response. The optimized nanowire dimensions enable absorption enhancement by engineering leaky-mode dielectric resonances. It maximizes the overlap of the absorption spectrum and the optical transitions in ZnTe:O intermediate-band (IB) photovoltaic materials, as verified by the enhanced photoresponse especially for IB states in an individual nanowire device. Furthermore, by integrating Al bowtie antennas, the enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling enables the notable improvement in the absorption of ZnTe:O/ZnO core-shell single NW, which was demonstrated by the profound enhancement of photoluminescence and resonant Raman scattering. The marriage of dielectric and metallic resonance effects in subwavelength-scale nanowires opens up new avenues for overcoming the poor absorption of sub-gap photons by IB states in ZnTe:O to achieve high-efficiency IBSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Ying Nie
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Physics and Engineering, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuanhu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuecou Tu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fang-Fang Ren
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Qingguo Du
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lin Kang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Kun Tang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shulin Gu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Youdou Zheng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid-State Lighting and Energy-Saving Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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10
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Bautista G, Kakko JP, Dhaka V, Zang X, Karvonen L, Jiang H, Kauppinen E, Lipsanen H, Kauranen M. Nonlinear microscopy using cylindrical vector beams: Applications to three-dimensional imaging of nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:12463-12468. [PMID: 28786602 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.012463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) optical fields that arise from the focusing of cylindrical vector beams (CVB) with radial and azimuthal polarizations provide new sources of contrast for optical microscopy of nano-objects. So far, these demonstrations have been restricted to two-dimensional transversal scanning, i.e., along the focal plane of interest, or use of point-like objects, i.e., single molecules and nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CVBs for 3D imaging of 3D nano-objects. This technique is done by acquiring 3D image scans of the second-harmonic generation signal from vertically-aligned semiconductor nanowires, whose second-order response is primarily driven by the longitudinal electric field, i.e., the field component along the nanowire axis. Our technique provides a new way to study individual nano-objects in three dimensions through the unique combination of nonlinear microscopy and CVBs.
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11
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Choi S, Lee JH, Pin MW, Jang DW, Hong SG, Cho B, Lee SJ, Jeong JS, Yi SH, Kim YH. Study on fracture behavior of individual InAs nanowires using an electron-beam-drilled notch. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of individual InAs nanowires (NWs) were investigated under uniaxial tensile loading in a transmission electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Pin
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology
- Yuseong-Gu
| | - Dong Won Jang
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Boklae Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Seong-Hoon Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Heon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
- Yuseong-Gu
- Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology
- Yuseong-Gu
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12
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Ohana D, Desiatov B, Mazurski N, Levy U. Dielectric Metasurface as a Platform for Spatial Mode Conversion in Nanoscale Waveguides. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7956-7961. [PMID: 27960507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a nanoscale mode converter that performs coupling between the first two transverse electric-like modes of a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. The device operates by introducing a nanoscale periodic perturbation in its effective refractive index along the propagation direction and a graded effective index profile along its transverse direction. The periodic perturbation provides phase matching between the modes, while the graded index profile, which is realized by the implementation of nanoscale dielectric metasurface consisting of silicon features that are etched into the waveguide taking advantage of the effective medium concept, provides the overlap between the modes. Following the device design and numerical analysis using three-dimensional finite difference time domain simulations, we have fabricated the device and characterized it by directly measuring the modal content using optical imaging microscopy. From these measurements, the mode purity is estimated to be 95% and the transmission relative to an unperturbed strip waveguide is as high as 88%. Finally, we extend this approach to accommodate for the coupling between photonic and plasmonic modes. Specifically, we design and numerically demonstrate photonic to plasmonic mode conversion in a hybrid waveguide in which photonic and surface plasmon polariton modes can be guided in the silicon core and in the silicon/metal interface, respectively. The same method can also be used for coupling between symmetric and antisymmetric plasmonic modes in metal-insulator-metal or insulator-metal-insulator structures. On the basis of the current demonstration, we believe that such nanoscale dielectric metasurface-based mode converters can now be realized and become an important building block in future nanoscale photonic and plasmonic devices. Furthermore, the demonstrated platform can be used for the implementation of other chip scale components such as splitters, combiners couplers, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ohana
- Department of Applied Physics, The Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Boris Desiatov
- Department of Applied Physics, The Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Noa Mazurski
- Department of Applied Physics, The Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Uriel Levy
- Department of Applied Physics, The Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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13
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Guan X, Becdelievre J, Benali A, Botella C, Grenet G, Regreny P, Chauvin N, Blanchard NP, Jaurand X, Saint-Girons G, Bachelet R, Gendry M, Penuelas J. GaAs nanowires with oxidation-proof arsenic capping for the growth of an epitaxial shell. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15637-15644. [PMID: 27513669 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose an arsenic-capping/decapping method, allowing the growth of an epitaxial shell around the GaAs nanowire (NW) core which is exposed to an ambient atmosphere, and without the introduction of impurities. Self-catalyzed GaAs NW arrays were firstly grown on Si(111) substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. Aiming for protecting the active surface of the GaAs NW core, the arsenic-capping/decapping method has been applied. To validate the effect of this method, different core/shell NWs have been fabricated. Analyses highlight the benefit of the As capping-decapping method for further epitaxial shell growth: an epitaxial shell with a smooth surface is achieved in the case of As-capped-decapped GaAs NWs, comparable to the in situ grown GaAs/AlGaAs NWs. This As capping method opens a way for the epitaxial growth of heterogeneous material shells such as functional oxides using different reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Guan
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - J Becdelievre
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - A Benali
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - C Botella
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - G Grenet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - P Regreny
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - N Chauvin
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, INSA de Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - N P Blanchard
- Institut Lumière Matière (ILM), UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - X Jaurand
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 5 rue Raphael Dubois-Bâtiment Darwin B, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - G Saint-Girons
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - R Bachelet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - M Gendry
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - J Penuelas
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon - UMR 5270 - CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully cedex, France
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14
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Jeannin M, Rueda-Fonseca P, Bellet-Amalric E, Kheng K, Nogues G. Deterministic radiative coupling between plasmonic nanoantennas and semiconducting nanowire quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:185201. [PMID: 27001959 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/185201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the deterministic coupling between single semiconducting nanowire quantum dots emitting in visible and plasmonic Au nanoantennas. Both systems are separately and carefully characterized through micro-photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence. A two-step realignment process using cathodoluminescence allows for electron-beam lithography of Au antennas near individual nanowire quantum dots with a precision of 50 nm. A complete set of optical properties was measured before and after antenna fabrication. They evidence both an increase of the nanowire absorption, and an improvement of the quantum dot emission rate up to a factor of two in presence of the antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Jeannin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, Institut Néel, 'Nanophysique et semiconducteurs' group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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15
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Ono M, Kuramochi E, Zhang G, Sumikura H, Harada Y, Cox D, Notomi M. Nanowire-nanoantenna coupled system fabricated by nanomanipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:8647-8659. [PMID: 27137300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.008647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the combination of a semiconductor nanowire and a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna. A subwavelength InP nanowire was placed precisely in the middle of the nanogap of a gold bowtie nanoantenna with a nanomanipulator installed in a focused ion beam system. We observed a significantly large enhancement (by a factor of 110) of the photoluminescence intensity from this coupled system when the excitation wavelength was at the plasmonic resonance with its polarization parallel to the nanoantenna. Moreover, simulation results revealed that this large enhancement was caused by an interesting interplay between the plasmonic resonance of the nanoantenna and the breakdown of the field suppression effect in the subwavelength nanowire. Our results show that the combination of a nanowire and a nanoantenna gives us a new degree of freedom to design light-matter interactions on a nanoscale.
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16
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Guan X, Becdelievre J, Meunier B, Benali A, Saint-Girons G, Bachelet R, Regreny P, Botella C, Grenet G, Blanchard NP, Jaurand X, Silly MG, Sirotti F, Chauvin N, Gendry M, Penuelas J. GaAs Core/SrTiO3 Shell Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2393-2399. [PMID: 27008537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the growth of a SrTiO3 shell on self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown by vapor-liquid-solid assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. To control the growth of the SrTiO3 shell, the GaAs nanowires were protected using an arsenic capping/decapping procedure in order to prevent uncontrolled oxidation and/or contamination of the nanowire facets. Reflection high energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to determine the structural, chemical, and morphological properties of the heterostructured nanowires. Using adapted oxide growth conditions, it is shown that most of the perovskite structure SrTiO3 shell appears to be oriented with respect to the GaAs lattice. These results are promising for achieving one-dimensional epitaxial semiconductor core/functional oxide shell nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Guan
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J Becdelievre
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - B Meunier
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - A Benali
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - G Saint-Girons
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - R Bachelet
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - P Regreny
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - C Botella
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - G Grenet
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - N P Blanchard
- Institut Lumière Matière (ILM), UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS Université de Lyon , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - X Jaurand
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , 5 rue Raphael Dubois-Bâtiment Darwin B, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - M G Silly
- Synchrotron SOLEIL (TEMPO Beamline), l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Sirotti
- Synchrotron SOLEIL (TEMPO Beamline), l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Chauvin
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, INSA-Lyon , 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Gendry
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J Penuelas
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5270-CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon , 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
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17
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Geiss R, Sergeyev A, Hartung H, Solntsev AS, Sukhorukov AA, Grange R, Schrempel F, Kley EB, Tünnermann A, Pertsch T. Fabrication of free-standing lithium niobate nanowaveguides down to 50 nm in width. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:065301. [PMID: 26684215 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/6/065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical nanoscale waveguides are a compact and powerful platform for efficient wavelength conversion. The free-standing waveguide geometry opens a range of applications in microscopy for local delivery of light, where in situ wavelength conversion helps to overcome various wavelength-dependent issues, such as biological tissue damage. In this paper, we present an original patterning method for high-precision fabrication of free-standing nanoscale waveguides based on lithium niobate, a material with a strong second-order nonlinearity and a broad transparency window covering the visible and mid-infrared wavelength ranges. The fabrication process combines electron-beam lithography with ion-beam enhanced etching and produces nanowaveguides with lengths from 5 to 50 μm, widths from 50 to 1000 nm and heights from 50 to 500 nm, each with a precision of few nanometers. The fabricated nanowaveguides are tested in an optical characterization experiment showing efficient second-harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Geiss
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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18
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Bertoni G, Fabbri F, Villani M, Lazzarini L, Turner S, Van Tendeloo G, Calestani D, Gradečak S, Zappettini A, Salviati G. Nanoscale mapping of plasmon and exciton in ZnO tetrapods coupled with Au nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19168. [PMID: 26754789 PMCID: PMC4709633 DOI: 10.1038/srep19168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles can be used to enhance optical absorption or emission in semiconductors, thanks to a strong interaction of collective excitations of free charges (plasmons) with electromagnetic fields. Herein we present direct imaging at the nanoscale of plasmon-exciton coupling in Au/ZnO nanostructures by combining scanning transmission electron energy loss and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and mapping. The Au nanoparticles (~30 nm in diameter) are grown in-situ on ZnO nanotetrapods by means of a photochemical process without the need of binding agents or capping molecules, resulting in clean interfaces. Interestingly, the Au plasmon resonance is localized at the Au/vacuum interface, rather than presenting an isotropic distribution around the nanoparticle. On the contrary, a localization of the ZnO signal has been observed inside the Au nanoparticle, as also confirmed by numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Fabbri
- CNR-IMEM, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, IT 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Villani
- CNR-IMEM, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, IT 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Lazzarini
- CNR-IMEM, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, IT 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stuart Turner
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Silvija Gradečak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)
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19
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Cheng YF, Bi H, Wang C, Cao Q, Jiao W, Che R. Dual-ligand mediated one-pot self-assembly of Cu/ZnO core/shell structures for enhanced microwave absorption. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile one-pot method has developed to assemble Cu/ZnO core/shell nanocrystals with different aspect ratios for enhanced microwave absorption. Besides, the one-pot method has shown the appreciable yields and no cumbersome multistep operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Cheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Department of Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
| | - Han Bi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Department of Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Department of Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Wenling Jiao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Department of Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Department of Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
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20
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Ramezani M, Casadei A, Grzela G, Matteini F, Tütüncüoglu G, Rüffer D, Fontcuberta i Morral A, Gómez Rivas J. Hybrid Semiconductor Nanowire-Metallic Yagi-Uda Antennas. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4889-95. [PMID: 26086437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the directional emission of individual GaAs nanowires by coupling this emission to Yagi-Uda optical antennas. In particular, we have replaced the resonant metallic feed element of the nanoantenna by an individual nanowire and measured with the microscope the photoluminescence of the hybrid structure as a function of the emission angle by imaging the back focal plane of the objective. The precise tuning of the dimensions of the metallic elements of the nanoantenna leads to a strong variation of the directionality of the emission, being able to change this emission from backward to forward. We explain the mechanism leading to this directional emission by finite difference time domain simulations of the scattering efficiency of the antenna elements. These results cast the first step toward the realization of electrically driven optical Yagi-Uda antenna emitters based on semiconductors nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ramezani
- †Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- ‡Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, c/o Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Casadei
- †Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grzegorz Grzela
- ‡Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, c/o Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Matteini
- †Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gözde Tütüncüoglu
- †Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rüffer
- †Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
- †Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- ‡Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, c/o Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- §COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Liu X, Zhang Q, Chong WK, Yip JN, Wen X, Li Z, Wei F, Yu G, Xiong Q, Sum TC. Cooperative Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation from a Single CdS Nanobelt-Hybrid Plasmonic Structure. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5018-5026. [PMID: 25905978 DOI: 10.1021/nn5072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanostructures (e.g., nanowires and nanobelts) hold great promise as subwavelength coherent light sources, nonlinear optical frequency converters, and all-optical signal processors for optoelectronic applications. However, at such small scales, optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is generally inefficient. Herein, we report on a straightforward strategy using a thin Au layer to enhance the SHG from a single CdS nanobelt by 3 orders of magnitude. Through detailed experimental and theoretical analysis, we validate that the augmented SHG originates from the mutual intensification of the local fields induced by the plasmonic nanocavity and by the reflections within the CdS Fabry-Pérot resonant cavity in this hybrid semiconductor-metal system. Polarization-dependent SHG measurements can be employed to determine and distinguish the contributions of SH signals from the CdS nanobelt and gold film, respectively. When the thickness of gold film becomes comparable to the skin depth, SHG from the gold film can be clearly observed. Our work demonstrates a facile approach for tuning the nonlinear optical properties of mesoscopic, nanostructured, and layered semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qing Zhang
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Wee Kiang Chong
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Jing Ngei Yip
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Xinglin Wen
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Fengxia Wei
- ‡Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Guannan Yu
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qihua Xiong
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- §NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- ‡Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
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22
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Sanatinia R, Anand S, Swillo M. Experimental quantification of surface optical nonlinearity in GaP nanopillar waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:756-764. [PMID: 25835835 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on surface second-order optical nonlinearity in single GaP nanopillars (nanowaveguides). The relative contribution of optical nonlinearity from the surface and the bulk is resolved by mode confinement analysis and polarization measurements. By investigating the thickness of nonlinear region at the surface of nanopillars, we estimated the nonlinear coefficient to be ~15 times higher at the surface with respect to the bulk. The presented results are interesting both from the fundamental aspects of light-matter interaction and for future nonlinear nanophotonic devices with smaller footprint.
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23
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Sanchez JE, Mendoza-Santoyo F, Cantu-Valle J, Velazquez-Salazar J, José Yacaman M, González FJ, Diaz de Leon R, Ponce A. Electric radiation mapping of silver/zinc oxide nanoantennas by using electron holography. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2015; 117:034306. [PMID: 25641981 PMCID: PMC4297280 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the fabrication of self-assembled zinc oxide nanorods grown on pentagonal faces of silver nanowires by using microwaves irradiation. The nanostructures resemble a hierarchal nanoantenna and were used to study the far and near field electrical metal-semiconductor behavior from the electrical radiation pattern resulting from the phase map reconstruction obtained using off-axis electron holography. As a comparison, we use electric numerical approximations methods for a finite number of ZnO nanorods on the Ag nanowires and show that the electric radiation intensities maps match closely the experimental results obtained with electron holography. The time evolution of the radiation pattern as generated from the nanostructure was recorded under in-situ radio frequency signal stimulation, in which the generated electrical source amplitude and frequency were varied from 0 to 5 V and from 1 to 10 MHz, respectively. The phase maps obtained from electron holography show the change in the distribution of the electric radiation pattern for individual nanoantennas. The mapping of this electrical behavior is of the utmost importance to gain a complete understanding for the metal-semiconductor (Ag/ZnO) heterojunction that will help to show the mechanism through which these receiving/transmitting structures behave at nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - F Mendoza-Santoyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - J Cantu-Valle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - J Velazquez-Salazar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - M José Yacaman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
| | - F J González
- Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí , San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - R Diaz de Leon
- Instituto Tecnológico de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosi 78437, Mexico
| | - A Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio 78249, USA
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24
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Casadei A, Llado EA, Amaduzzi F, Russo-Averchi E, Rüffer D, Heiss M, Dal Negro L, Fontcuberta i Morral A. Polarization response of nanowires à la carte. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7651. [PMID: 25564366 PMCID: PMC4288219 DOI: 10.1038/srep07651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their special interaction with light, semiconductor nanowires have opened new avenues in photonics, quantum optics and solar energy harvesting. One of the major challenges for their full technological deployment has been their strong polarization dependence in light absorption and emission. In the past, metal nanostructures have been shown to have the ability to modify and enhance the light response of nanoscale objects. Here we demonstrate that a hybrid structure formed by GaAs nanowires with a highly dense array of bow-tie antennas is able to modify the polarization response of a nanowire. As a result, the increase in light absorption for transverse polarized light changes the nanowire polarization response, including the polarization response inversion. This work will open a new path towards the widespread implementation of nanowires applications such as in photodetection, solar energy harvesting and light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Casadei
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Alarcon Llado
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amaduzzi
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Russo-Averchi
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rüffer
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Heiss
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Dal Negro
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Marys Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA [2] Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 Saint Marys Street, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
| | - Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Naumenko D, Zannier V, Grillo V, Cassese D, Priante G, dal Zilio S, Rubini S, Lazzarino M. Enhanced plasmonic properties of gold-catalysed semiconductor nanowires. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13651-13659. [PMID: 25274074 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03913k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the development of plasmonic nanodevices is their integration into active semiconducting structures. Gold-catalysed semiconductor nanowires are promising candidates for their bottom-up growth process that aligns a single gold nanoparticle at each nanowire apex. Unfortunately these show extremely poor plasmonic properties. In this work, we propose a way to enhance their plasmonic resonance up to those of ideal and isolated gold nanoparticles. A suitable purification protocol compatible with GaAs and ZnSe molecular beam epitaxy of nanowires is used to produce plasmonic active nanowires, which were used to enhance the Raman signal of pentacene and graphene oxide. Enhancement factors up to three orders of magnitude are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Naumenko
- IOM-CNR Laboratorio TASC, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34139 Trieste, Italy.
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Grinblat G, Rahmani M, Cortés E, Caldarola M, Comedi D, Maier SA, Bragas AV. High-efficiency second harmonic generation from a single hybrid ZnO nanowire/Au plasmonic nano-oligomer. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6660-5. [PMID: 25347036 DOI: 10.1021/nl503332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a plasmonic-semiconductor hybrid nanosystem, consisting of a ZnO nanowire coupled to a gold pentamer oligomer by crossing the hot-spot. It is demonstrated that the hybrid system exhibits a second harmonic (SH) conversion efficiency of ∼3 × 10(-5)%, which is among the highest values for a nanoscale object at optical frequencies reported so far. The SH intensity was found to be ∼1700 times larger than that from the same nanowire excited outside the hot-spot. Placing high nonlinear susceptibility materials precisely in plasmonic confined-field regions to enhance SH generation opens new perspectives for highly efficient light frequency up-conversion on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Grinblat
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica, Dep. de Física, FCEN-IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pescaglini A, Martín A, Cammi D, Juska G, Ronning C, Pelucchi E, Iacopino D. Hot-electron injection in Au nanorod-ZnO nanowire hybrid device for near-infrared photodetection. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6202-6209. [PMID: 25313827 DOI: 10.1021/nl5024854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a new class of near-infrared photodetectors comprising Au nanorods-ZnO nanowire hybrid systems. Fabricated hybrid FET devices showed a large photoresponse under radiation wavelengths between 650 and 850 nm, accompanied by an "ultrafast" transient with a time scale of 250 ms, more than 1 order of magnitude faster than the ZnO response under radiation above band gap. The generated photocurrent is ascribed to plasmonic-mediated generation of hot electrons at the metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier. In the presented architecture, Au-nanorod-localized surface plasmons were used as active elements for generating and injecting hot electrons into the wide band gap ZnO nanowire, functioning as a passive component for charge collection. A detailed investigation of the hot electron generation and injection processes is discussed to explain the improved and extended performance of the hybrid device. The quantum efficiency measured at 650 nm was calculated to be approximately 3%, more than 30 times larger than values reported for equivalent metal/semiconductor planar photodetectors. The presented work is extremely promising for further development of novel miniaturized, tunable photodetectors and for highly efficient plasmonic energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pescaglini
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
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Sanatinia R, Anand S, Swillo M. Modal engineering of second-harmonic generation in single GaP nanopillars. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5376-5381. [PMID: 25157424 DOI: 10.1021/nl502521y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on modal dispersion engineering for second-harmonic generation (SHG) from single vertical GaP nanopillars/nanowaveguides, fabricated by a top-down approach, using optical modal overlap between the pump (830 nm) and SHG (415 nm). We present a modal analysis for the SHG process in GaP nanopillars and demonstrate efficient utilization of the longitudinal component of the nonlinear polarization density. Our SHG measurements show quantitatively the presented model. We experimentally demonstrate that polarization beam shaping and field distribution modification of the radiated SHG light, at nanometer scale, can be achieved by tuning the pillar diameter and linear pump polarization. SHG from single pillars can be used as femtosecond nanoscopic light sources at visible wavelengths applicable for single cell/molecular imaging and interesting for future integrated nanophotonics components. While this work focuses on GaP nanopillars, the results are applicable to other semiconductor nanowire materials and synthesis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sanatinia
- School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Electrum 229, S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
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