1
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Zhu D, Qiao M, Yan J, Xie J, Guo H, Deng S, He G, Zhao Y, Luo M. Three-dimensional patterning of MoS 2 with ultrafast laser. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14837-14846. [PMID: 37646207 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01669b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal chalcogenides, a special two-dimensional (2D) material emerged in recent years, possess unique optoelectronic properties and have been used to fabricate various optoelectronic devices. While it is essential to manufacture multifunctional devices with complex nanostructures for practical applications, 2D material devices present a tendency toward miniaturization. However, the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures on 2D materials remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a method to create designed three-dimensional (3D) patterns on the MoS2 surface by modulating the interaction between an ultrafast laser and MoS2. Three different nanostructures, including flat, bulge, and craters, can be fabricated through laser-induced surface morphology transformation, which is related to thermal diffusion, oxidation, and ablation processes. The MoS2 field effect transistor is fabricated by ultrafast laser excitation which exhibits enhanced electrical properties. This study provides a promising strategy for 3D pattern fabrication, which is helpful for the development of multifunctional microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ming Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiawang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Heng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shengfa Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ma Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Katz BN, Krainov L, Crespi V. Shape Entropy of a Reconfigurable Ising Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:096102. [PMID: 36083653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.096102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disclinations in a 2D sheet create regions of Gaussian curvature whose inversion produces a reconfigurable surface with many distinct metastable shapes, as shown by molecular dynamics of a disclinated graphene monolayer. This material has a near-Gaussian "density of shapes" and an effectively antiferromagnetic interaction between adjacent cones. A∼10 nm patch has hundreds of distinct metastable shapes with tunable stability and topography on the size scale of biomolecules. As every conical disclination provides an Ising-like degree of freedom, we call this technique "Isigami."
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Katz
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Lev Krainov
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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3
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Zhang L, Ding F. Mechanism of Corrugated Graphene Moiré Superstructures on Transition-Metal Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56674-56681. [PMID: 34784183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A graphene layer on a transition-metal (TM) surface can be either corrugated or flat, depending on the type of the substrate and its rotation angle with respect to the substrate. It was broadly observed that the degree of corrugation generally decreases with the increase of rotation angle or the decrease of Moiré pattern size. In contrast to a flat graphene on a TM surface, a corrugated graphene layer has an increased binding energy to the substrate and a concomitant elastic energy. Here, we developed a theoretical model about the competition between the binding energy increase and the elastic energy of corrugated graphene layers on TM surfaces in which all the parameters can be calculated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The agreement between the theoretical model and the experimental observations of graphene on various TM surfaces, for example, Ru(0001), Rh(111), Pt(111), and Ir(111), substantiated the applicability of this model for graphene on other TM surfaces. Moreover, the morphology of a graphene layer on an arbitrary TM surface can be theoretically predicted through simple DFT calculations based on the model. Our work thus provides a theoretical framework for the intelligent design of graphene/TM superstructures with the desired structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lorenzoni A, Baldoni M, Besley E, Mercuri F. Noncovalent passivation of supported phosphorene for device applications: from morphology to electronic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12482-12488. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00939c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulations suggest efficient routes for the non-covalent passivation of supported phosphorene with alkanes, highlighting strategies to prevent surface degradation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lorenzoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - Elena Besley
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
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5
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Bolognesi M, Brucale M, Lorenzoni A, Prescimone F, Moschetto S, Korolkov VV, Baldoni M, Serrano-Ruiz M, Caporali M, Mercuri F, Besley E, Muccini M, Peruzzini M, Beton PH, Toffanin S. Epitaxial multilayers of alkanes on two-dimensional black phosphorus as passivating and electrically insulating nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17252-17261. [PMID: 31317153 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (bP) is epitaxially terminated by monolayers and multilayers of tetracosane, a linear alkane, to form a weakly interacting van der Waals heterostructure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and computational modelling show that epitaxial domains of alkane chains are ordered in parallel lamellae along the principal crystalline axis of bP, and this order is extended over a few layers above the interface. Epitaxial alkane multilayers delay the oxidation of 2D bP in air by 18 hours, in comparison to 1 hour for bare 2D bP, and act as an electrical insulator, as demonstrated using electrostatic force microscopy. The presented heterostructure is a technologically relevant insulator-semiconductor model system that can open the way to the use of 2D bP in micro- and nanoelectronic, optoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bolognesi
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Brucale
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lorenzoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federico Prescimone
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Moschetto
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vladimir V Korolkov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuel Serrano-Ruiz
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caporali
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michele Muccini
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Peruzzini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stefano Toffanin
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Koskinen P, Karppinen K, Myllyperkiö P, Hiltunen VM, Johansson A, Pettersson M. Optically Forged Diffraction-Unlimited Ripples in Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6179-6184. [PMID: 30380894 PMCID: PMC6221372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In nanofabrication, just as in any other craft, the scale of spatial details is limited by the dimensions of the tool at hand. For example, the smallest details of direct laser writing with far-field light are set by the diffraction limit, which is approximately half of the used wavelength. In this work, we overcome this universal assertion by optically forging graphene ripples that show features with dimensions unlimited by diffraction. Thin sheet elasticity simulations suggest that the scaled-down ripples originate from the interplay between substrate adhesion, in-plane strain, and circular symmetry. The optical forging technique thus offers an accurate way to modify and shape 2D materials and facilitates the creation of controllable nanostructures for plasmonics, resonators, and nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Koskinen
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Physics, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karoliina Karppinen
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pasi Myllyperkiö
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa-Matti Hiltunen
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Physics, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Andreas Johansson
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Physics, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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7
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Garrett JL, Leite MS, Munday JN. Multiscale Functional Imaging of Interfaces through Atomic Force Microscopy Using Harmonic Mixing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28850-28859. [PMID: 30113805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) needed to resolve material interfaces is limited by the tip-sample separation ( d) dependence of the force used to record an image. Here, we present a new multiscale functional imaging technique that allows for in situ tunable spatial resolution, which can be applied to a wide range of inhomogeneous materials, devices, and interfaces. Our approach uses a multifrequency method to generate a signal whose d-dependence is controlled by mixing harmonics of the cantilever's oscillation with a modulated force. The spatial resolution of the resulting image is determined by the signal's d-dependence. Our measurements using harmonic mixing (HM) show that we can change the d-dependence of a force signal to improve spatial resolution by up to a factor of two compared to conventional methods. We demonstrate the technique with both Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and bimodal AFM to show its generality. Bimodal AFM with harmonic mixing actuation separates conservative from dissipative forces and is used to identify the regions of adhesive residue on exfoliated graphene. Our electrostatic measurements with open-loop KPFM demonstrate that multiple force modulations may be applied at once. Further, this method can be applied to any tip-sample force that can be modulated, for example, electrostatic, magnetic, and photoinduced forces, showing its universality. Because HM enables in situ switching between high sensitivity and high spatial resolution with any periodic driving force, we foresee this technique as a critical advancement for multiscale functional imaging.
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8
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Li Z, Van Gorp H, Walke P, Phan TH, Fujita Y, Greenwood J, Ivasenko O, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Uji-I H, Mertens SFL, De Feyter S. Area-selective passivation of sp 2 carbon surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5188-5193. [PMID: 28393948 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Altering the chemical reactivity of graphene can offer new opportunities for various applications. Here, we report that monolayers of densely packed n-pentacontane significantly reduce the covalent grafting of aryl radicals to graphitic surfaces. The effect is highly local in nature and on fully covered substrates grafting can occur only at monolayer imperfections such as interdomain borders and vacancy defects. Grafting partially covered substrates primarily results in the covalent modification of uncoated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Yu YJ, Lee GH, Choi JI, Shim YS, Lee CH, Kang SJ, Lee S, Rim KT, Flynn GW, Hone J, Kim YH, Kim P, Nuckolls C, Ahn S. Epitaxially Self-Assembled Alkane Layers for Graphene Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603925. [PMID: 27905154 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The epitaxially grown alkane layers on graphene are prepared by a simple drop-casting method and greatly reduce the environmentally driven doping and charge impurities in graphene. Multiscale simulation studies show that this enhancement of charge homogeneity in graphene originates from the lifting of graphene from the SiO2 surface toward the well-ordered and rigid alkane self-assembled layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Yu
- ICT Materials and Components Basic Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Il Choi
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Yoon Su Shim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kwang Taeg Rim
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - George W Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk, 565-905, Korea
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10
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Zhao G, Li X, Huang M, Zhen Z, Zhong Y, Chen Q, Zhao X, He Y, Hu R, Yang T, Zhang R, Li C, Kong J, Xu JB, Ruoff RS, Zhu H. The physics and chemistry of graphene-on-surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4417-4449. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the major “graphene-on-surface” structures and examines the roles of their properties in governing the overall performance for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Zhao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Meirong Huang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yujia Zhong
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Qiao Chen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xuanliang Zhao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yijia He
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Ruirui Hu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Tingting Yang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Rujing Zhang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Changli Li
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Rodney S. Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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11
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Phillipson R, Lockhart de la Rosa CJ, Teyssandier J, Walke P, Waghray D, Fujita Y, Adisoejoso J, Mali KS, Asselberghs I, Huyghebaert C, Uji-I H, De Gendt S, De Feyter S. Tunable doping of graphene by using physisorbed self-assembled networks. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:20017-20026. [PMID: 27883146 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One current key challenge in graphene research is to tune its charge carrier concentration, i.e., p- and n-type doping of graphene. An attractive approach in this respect is offered by controlled doping via well-ordered self-assembled networks physisorbed on the graphene surface. We report on tunable n-type doping of graphene using self-assembled networks of alkyl-amines that have varying chain lengths. The doping magnitude is modulated by controlling the density of the strong n-type doping amine groups on the surface. As revealed by scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, this density is governed by the length of the alkyl chain which acts as a spacer within the self-assembled network. The modulation of the doping magnitude depending on the chain length was demonstrated using Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements on graphene field effect devices. This supramolecular functionalization approach offers new possibilities for controlling the properties of graphene and other two-dimensional materials at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Phillipson
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - César J Lockhart de la Rosa
- KU Leuven, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Walke
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Deepali Waghray
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yasuhiko Fujita
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jinne Adisoejoso
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and RIES, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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The Effect of Preparation Conditions on Raman and Photoluminescence of Monolayer WS 2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35154. [PMID: 27752042 PMCID: PMC5067492 DOI: 10.1038/srep35154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on preparation dependent properties observed in monolayer WS2 samples synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a variety of common substrates (Si/SiO2, sapphire, fused silica) as well as samples that were transferred from the growth substrate onto a new substrate. The as-grown CVD materials (as-WS2) exhibit distinctly different optical properties than transferred WS2 (x-WS2). In the case of CVD growth on Si/SiO2, following transfer to fresh Si/SiO2 there is a ~50 meV shift of the ground state exciton to higher emission energy in both photoluminescence emission and optical reflection. This shift is indicative of a reduction in tensile strain by ~0.25%. Additionally, the excitonic state in x-WS2 is easily modulated between neutral and charged exciton by exposure to moderate laser power, while such optical control is absent in as-WS2 for all growth substrates investigated. Finally, we observe dramatically different laser power-dependent behavior for as-grown and transferred WS2. These results demonstrate a strong sensitivity to sample preparation that is important for both a fundamental understanding of these novel materials as well as reliable reproduction of device properties.
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Su Y, Han HL, Cai Q, Wu Q, Xie M, Chen D, Geng B, Zhang Y, Wang F, Shen YR, Tian C. Polymer Adsorption on Graphite and CVD Graphene Surfaces Studied by Surface-Specific Vibrational Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6501-5. [PMID: 26367247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy was employed to probe polymer contaminants on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene and to study alkane and polyethylene (PE) adsorption on graphite. In comparing the spectra from the two surfaces, it was found that the contaminants on CVD graphene must be long-chain alkane or PE-like molecules. PE adsorption from solution on the honeycomb surface results in a self-assembled ordered monolayer with the C-C skeleton plane perpendicular to the surface and an adsorption free energy of ∼42 kJ/mol for PE(H(CH2CH2)nH) with n ≈ 60. Such large adsorption energy is responsible for the easy contamination of CVD graphene by impurity in the polymer during standard transfer processes. Contamination can be minimized with the use of purified polymers free of PE-like impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Ling Han
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Qun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingxiu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Daoyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Baisong Geng
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Y R Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chuanshan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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