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Bujalance C, Caliò L, Dirin DN, Tiede DO, Galisteo-López JF, Feist J, García-Vidal FJ, Kovalenko MV, Míguez H. Strong Light-Matter Coupling in Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4922-4931. [PMID: 38301147 PMCID: PMC10867889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between lead halide perovskite materials and optical resonators enables both polaritonic control of the photophysical properties of these emerging semiconductors and the observation of fundamental physical phenomena. However, the difficulty in achieving optical-quality perovskite quantum dot (PQD) films showing well-defined excitonic transitions has prevented the study of strong light-matter coupling in these materials, central to the field of optoelectronics. Herein we demonstrate the formation at room temperature of multiple cavity exciton-polaritons in metallic resonators embedding highly transparent Cesium Lead Bromide quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) solids, revealed by a significant reconfiguration of the absorption and emission properties of the system. Our results indicate that the effects of biexciton interaction or large polaron formation, frequently invoked to explain the properties of PQDs, are seemingly absent or compensated by other more conspicuous effects in the CsPbBr3-QD optical cavity. We observe that strong coupling enables a significant reduction of the photoemission line width, as well as the ultrafast modulation of the optical absorption, controllable by means of the excitation fluence. We find that the interplay of the polariton states with the large dark state reservoir plays a decisive role in determining the dynamics of the emission and transient absorption properties of the hybridized light-quantum dot solid system. Our results should serve as the basis for future investigations of PQD solids as polaritonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bujalance
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Laura Caliò
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - David O. Tiede
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Juan F. Galisteo-López
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Vidal
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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2
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Li W, Liu R, Li J, Zhong J, Lu YW, Chen H, Wang XH. Highly Efficient Single-Exciton Strong Coupling with Plasmons by Lowering Critical Interaction Strength at an Exceptional Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:143601. [PMID: 37084440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The single-exciton strong coupling with the localized plasmon mode (LPM) at room temperature is highly desirable for exploiting quantum technology. However, its realization has been a very low probability event due to the harsh critical conditions, severely compromising its application. Here, we present a highly efficient approach for achieving such a strong coupling by reducing the critical interaction strength at the exceptional point based upon the damping inhibition and matching of the coupled system, instead of enhancing the coupling strength to overcome the system's large damping. Experimentally, we compress the LPM's damping linewidth from about 45 nm to about 14 nm using a leaky Fabry-Perot cavity, a good match to the excitonic linewidth of about 10 nm. This method dramatically relaxes the harsh requirement in mode volume by more than an order of magnitude and allows a maximum direction angle of the exciton dipole relative to the mode field of up to around 71.9°, significantly improving the success rate of achieving the single-exciton strong coupling with LPMs from about 1% to about 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Blondot V, Arnold C, Delteil A, Gérard D, Bogicevic A, Pons T, Lequeux N, Hugonin JP, Greffet JJ, Buil S, Hermier JP. Fluorescence decay enhancement and FRET inhibition in self-assembled hybrid gold CdSe/CdS/CdZnS colloidal nanocrystal supraparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4454-4464. [PMID: 36785413 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of hybrid light emitting particles with a diameter ranging between 100 and 500 nm, consisting in a compact semiconductor CdSe/CdS/CdZnS nanocrystal aggregate encapsulated by a controlled nanometric size silica and gold layers. We first characterize the Purcell decay rate enhancement corresponding to the addition of the gold nanoshell as a function of the particle size and find a good agreement with the predictions of numerical simulations. Then, we show that the contribution corresponding to Förster resonance energy transfer is inhibited.
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4
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Abstract
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The interaction of emitters with plasmonic cavities (PCs) has been
studied extensively during the past decade. Much of the experimental
work has focused on the weak coupling regime, manifested most importantly
by the celebrated Purcell effect, which involves a modulation of the
spontaneous emission rate of the emitter due to interaction with the
local electromagnetic density of states. Recently, there has been
a growing interest in studying hybrid emitter-PC systems in the strong-coupling
(SC) regime, in which the excited state of an emitter hybridizes with
that of the PC to generate new states termed polaritons. This phenomenon
is termed vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and is manifested in the spectrum
through splitting into two bands. In this Account, we discuss
SC with PCs and focus particularly
on work from our lab on the SC of quantum dots (QDs) and plasmonic
silver bowtie cavities. As bowtie structures demonstrate strong electric
field enhancement in their gaps, they facilitate approaching the SC
regime and even reaching it with just one to a few emitters placed
there. QDs are particularly advantageous for such studies, due to
their significant brightness and long lifetime under illumination.
VRS was observed in our lab by optical dark-field microspectroscopy
even in the limit of individual QDs. We further used electron energy
loss spectroscopy, a near-field spectroscopic technique, to facilitate
measuring SC not only in bright modes but also in subradiant, dark
plasmonic modes. Dark modes are expected to live longer than bright
modes and therefore should be able to store electromagnetic energy
for longer times. Photoluminescence (PL) is another useful observable
for probing
the SC regime at the single-emitter limit, as shown by several laboratories.
We recently used Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry to demonstrate
the quantum nature of PL from QDs within PCs, verifying that the measurements
are indeed from one to three QDs. Further spectroscopic studies of
QD-PC systems in fact manifested several surprising features, indicating
discrepancies between scattering and PL spectra. These observations
pointed to the contribution of multiple excited states. Indeed, using
model simulations based on an extended Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian,
it was found that the involvement of a dark state of the QDs can explain
the experimental findings. Given that bright and dark states couple
to the cavity with different degrees of coupling strength, the PC
affects in a different manner each excitonic state. This yields complex
relaxation pathways and interesting dynamics. Future work should
allow us to increase the QD-PC coupling deeper
into the SC regime. This will pave the way to exciting applications
including the generation of single-photon sources and studies of cavity-induced
coherent interactions between emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Bitton
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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5
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Scott Z, Muhammad S, Shahbazyan TV. Plasmon-induced coherence, exciton-induced transparency, and Fano interference for hybrid plasmonic systems in strong coupling regime. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194702. [PMID: 35597643 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an analytical model describing the transition to a strong coupling regime for an ensemble of emitters resonantly coupled to a localized surface plasmon in a metal-dielectric structure. The response of a hybrid system to an external field is determined by two distinct mechanisms involving collective states of emitters interacting with the plasmon mode. The first mechanism is the near-field coupling between the bright collective state and the plasmon mode, which underpins the energy exchange between the system components and gives rise to exciton-induced transparency minimum in scattering spectra in the weak coupling regime and to emergence of polaritonic bands as the system transitions to the strong coupling regime. The second mechanism is the Fano interference between the plasmon dipole moment and the plasmon-induced dipole moment of the bright collective state as the hybrid system interacts with the radiation field. The latter mechanism is greatly facilitated by plasmon-induced coherence in a system with the characteristic size below the diffraction limit as the individual emitters comprising the collective state are driven by the same alternating plasmon near field and, therefore, all oscillate in phase. This cooperative effect leads to scaling of the Fano asymmetry parameter and of the Fano function amplitude with the ensemble size, and therefore, it strongly affects the shape of scattering spectra for large ensembles. Specifically, with increasing emitter numbers, the Fano interference leads to a spectral weight shift toward the lower energy polaritonic band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Scott
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Shafi Muhammad
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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6
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Nazemi M, Panikkanvalappil SR, Liao CK, Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed MA. Role of Femtosecond Pulsed Laser-Induced Atomic Redistribution in Bimetallic Au-Pd Nanorods on Optoelectronic and Catalytic Properties. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10241-10252. [PMID: 34032116 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing solar energy for chemical transformations has attracted a growing interest in promoting the clean and modular chemical synthesis approach and addressing the limitations of conventional thermocatalytic systems. Under light irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles, particularly those characterized by localized surface plasmon resonance, commonly known as plasmonic nanoparticles, generate a strong electromagnetic field, excited hot carriers, and photothermal heating. Plasmonic nanoparticles enabling efficient absorption of light in the visible range have moderate catalytic activities. However, the catalytic performance of a plasmonic nanoparticle can be significantly enhanced by incorporating a highly catalytically active metal domain onto its surface. In this study, we demonstrate that femtosecond laser-induced atomic redistribution of metal domains in bimetallic Au-Pd nanorods (NRs) can enhance its photocurrent response by 2-fold compared to parent Au-Pd NRs. We induce structure changes on Au-Pd NRs by irradiating them with a femtosecond pulsed laser at 808 nm to precisely redistribute Pd atoms on AuNR surfaces, resulting in modified electronic and optical properties and, thereby, enhanced catalytic activity. We also investigate the trade-off between the effect of light absorption and catalytic activity by optimizing the structure and composition of bimetallic Au-Pd nanoparticles. This work provides insight into the design of hybrid plasmonic-catalytic nanostructures with well-tailored geometry, composition, and structure for solar-fuel-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Nazemi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Sajanlal R Panikkanvalappil
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Chih-Kai Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Mostafa A El-Sayed
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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7
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Kitajima Y, Sakamoto H, Ueno K. Coupled plasmonic systems: controlling the plasmon dynamics and spectral modulations for molecular detection. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5187-5201. [PMID: 33687413 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent studies on coupled plasmonic systems for controlling plasmon dynamics and molecular detection using spectral modulations. The plasmon dephasing time can be controlled by weak and strong coupling regimes between the plasmonic nanostructures or localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and the other optical modes such as microcavities. The modal coupling induces near-field enhancement by extending the plasmon dephasing time to increase the near-field enhancement at certain wavelengths resulting in the enhancement of molecular detection. On the other hand, the interaction between LSPR and molecular excited or vibrational states also modulates the resonance spectrum, which can also be used for detecting a small number of molecules with a subtle change in the spectrum. The spectral modulation is induced by weak and strong couplings between LSPRs and the electronic or vibrational states of molecules, and this method is sensitive enough to measure a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kitajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hiyori Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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8
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Fang W, Yang Y. Directional dipole radiations and long-range quantum entanglement mediated by hyperbolic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32955-32977. [PMID: 33114969 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the vicinity of two-dimensional structures, the excitation of deep subwavelength polaritonic modes can be realized owing to the presence of free-carrier motion. Here we consider the launching of surface plasmonics in hyperbolic metasurfaces and theoretically demonstrate that the radiation energy of quantum emitter channels along specific directions was determined by the conductivity tensor of the surface. While the propagating length of the suface plasmon field supported by isotropic surfaces is normally limited on the scale of subwavelength to several vacuum wavelengths, it may be largely amplified when hyperbolic metasurfaces have been applied. Based on these exciting properties, prominent super- and subradiant behaviors between two distant quantum emitters are observed by engineering the anisotropy of the metasurfaces. Further investigations show that the directional collective interactions supported by the metasurfaces enable the generation of quantum entanglement over macroscopic dipole separations, with large values of concurrence, and allow remarkable revivals from sudden death. Our proposal can easily be extended to systems that include multiple quantum emitters interacting through hyperbolic metasurfaces and thus may have potential applications in on-chip science that aims at quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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9
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Asamoah BO, Mohamed S, Datta S, Karvinen P, Rekola H, Priimagi A, Hakala TK. Optically induced crossover from weak to strong coupling regime between surface plasmon polaritons and photochromic molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:26509-26518. [PMID: 32906923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optically induced crossover from a weak to a strong coupling regime in a single photonic system consisting of propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a planar silver film and ultraviolet (UV)-switchable photochromic molecules. A gradual increase is observed in the vacuum Rabi splitting upon increasing UV exposure, along with intriguing behavior, where the reflectivity initially decreases due to increased losses at the weak coupling regime, and then increases due to the emergence of strongly coupled modes and the associated band gap formation at the resonance frequency of the uncoupled states. This work explicitly demonstrates the optical tunability of the degree of hybridization of the SPP and exciton modes, spanning the range from weak to intermediate and finally to the strong coupling regime.
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10
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Mandal A, Krauss TD, Huo P. Polariton-Mediated Electron Transfer via Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6321-6340. [PMID: 32589846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the polariton-mediated electron transfer reaction in a model system with analytic rate constant theory and direct quantum dynamical simulations. We demonstrate that the photoinduced charge transfer reaction between a bright donor state and dark acceptor state can be significantly enhanced or suppressed by coupling the molecular system to the quantized radiation field inside an optical cavity. This is because the quantum light-matter interaction can influence the effective driving force and electronic couplings between the donor state, which is the hybrid light-matter excitation, and the molecular acceptor state. Under the resonance condition between the photonic and electronic excitations, the effective driving force can be tuned by changing the light-matter coupling strength; for an off-resonant condition, the same effect can be accomplished by changing the molecule-cavity detuning. We further demonstrate that using both the electronic coupling and light-matter coupling helps to extend the effective couplings across the entire system, even for the dark state that carries a zero transition dipole. Theoretically, we find that both the counter-rotating terms and the dipole self-energy in the quantum electrodynamics Hamiltonian are important for obtaining an accurate polariton eigenspectrum as well as the polariton-mediated charge transfer rate constant, especially in the ultrastrong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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11
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Qian Z, Ren J, Zhang F, Duan X, Gong Q, Gu Y. Nanoscale quantum plasmon sensing based on strong photon-exciton coupling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:125001. [PMID: 31791020 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5dd0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme of quantum plasmon sensing system based on strong photon-exciton coupling in the gap surface plasmon nanostructure. The system's sensitivity is characterized as Rabi splitting, which is sensitive to a slight change in environmental permittivity and determined by the coupling coefficient and detuning between the emitter and plasmon nanocavity. By increasing the dipole moment of the emitter, the sensitivity can exceed that of a traditional plasmon sensing system while only depending on the resonance spectral shift. Quantum plasmon sensing provides a unique mechanism in the application of bio-sensing, opto-chemical sensing, and quantum photonics at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sachet E, Aspnes DE, Maria JP, Franzen S. Critical Test of the Interaction of Surface Plasmon Resonances with Molecular Vibrational Transitions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1744-1753. [PMID: 32040317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We determine the infrared absorption spectra of a gas due to evanescent plasmonic electromagnetic fields in a system where surface interactions (physisorption and chemisorption) are demonstrably negligible. The plasmonic host material, the degenerate semiconductor CdO:Dy, has high mobility (366-450 cm2/(V s)) and carrier density ((0.6-3.5) × 1020 cm-3), and therefore supports low-loss surface plasmon resonances in the mid-IR. This high-mobility layer gives the highest resolution observed in a plasmonic conducting material in the infrared, higher than that of gold and rivaling that of silver. The high resolution permits a new understanding of the nature of the interaction of emerging fields with molecular transitions. Using different carrier concentrations, the resonance condition of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) frequency (ωSPP) and N2O vibrational absorption spectral frequency (ωN2O) can be controlled, thereby allowing a critical test of field-molecule interactions. Experiment and theory both indicate a dispersive N2O line shape for ωSPP < ωN2O, an absorptive line shape for ωSPP < ωN2O, and an abrupt change between the two when the resonance condition ωSPP < ωN2O is reached. A first-order expansion of the Airy equation describes this behavior analytically. The SPP surface enhancement is 6.8 ± 0.5 on-resonance, lower than enhancements observed in other systems, but in agreement with recent quantitative reports of surface enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA). Our results show that interactions of infrared SPPs with molecular vibrations are in the weak coupling limit, and that enhancements comparable those reported for noble metals can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Sachet
- Third Floor Materials, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27603, United States
| | - D E Aspnes
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - J-P Maria
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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13
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Principle and Applications of the Coupling of Surface Plasmons and Excitons. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmons have been attracting increasing attention and have been studied extensively in recent decades because of their half-light and half-material polarized properties. On the one hand, the tightly confined surface plasmonic mode may reduce the size of integrated optical devices beyond the diffraction limit; on the other hand, it provides an approach toward enhancement of the interactions between light and matter. In recent experiments, researchers have realized promising applications for surface plasmons in quantum information processing, ultra-low-power lasers, and micro-nano processing devices by using plasmonic structures, which have demonstrated their superiority over traditional optics structures. In this paper, we introduce the theoretical principle of surface plasmons and review the research work related to the interactions between plasmons and excitons. Some perspectives with regard to the future development of plasmonic coupling are also outlined.
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14
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Ma L, Chen YL, Yang DJ, Li HX, Ding SJ, Xiong L, Qin PL, Chen XB. Multi-interfacial plasmon coupling in multigap (Au/AgAu)@CdS core-shell hybrids for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4383-4392. [PMID: 32025686 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon coupling induced intense light absorption and near-field enhancement have vast potential for high-efficiency photocatalytic applications. Herein, (Au/AgAu)@CdS core-shell hybrids with strong multi-interfacial plasmon coupling were prepared through a convenient strategy for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Bimetallic Au/AgAu cores with an adjustable number of nanogaps (from one to four) were primarily synthesized by well-controlled multi-cycle galvanic replacement and overgrowth processes. Extinction tests and numerical simulations synergistically revealed that the multigap Au/AgAu hybrids possess a gap-dependent light absorption region and a local electric field owing to the multigap-induced multi-interfacial plasmon coupling. With these characteristics, hetero-photocatalysts prepared by further coating of CdS shells on multigap Au/AgAu cores exhibited a prominent gap-dependent photocatalytic hydrogen production activity from water splitting under light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). It is found that the hydrogen generation rates of multigap (Au/AgAu)@CdS have an exponential improvement compared with that of pure CdS as the number of nanogaps increases. In particular, four-gap (Au/AgAu)@CdS core-shell catalysts displayed the highest hydrogen generation rate, that is 96.1 and 47.2 times those of pure CdS and gapless Au@CdS core-shell hybrids. These improvements can be ascribed to the strong plasmon absorption and near-field enhancement induced by the multi-interfacial plasmon coupling, which can greatly improve the light-harvesting efficiency, offer more plasmonic energy, and boost the generation and separation of electron-hole pairs in the multigap catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - You-Long Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Da-Jie Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Xia Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Jing Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Lun Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Ping-Li Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Bai Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhang B, Liang W. The vibronic absorption spectra and exciton dynamics of plasmon-exciton hybrid systems in the regimes ranged from Fano antiresonance to Rabi-like splitting. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Westmoreland DE, McClelland KP, Perez KA, Schwabacher JC, Zhang Z, Weiss EA. Properties of quantum dots coupled to plasmons and optical cavities. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:210901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E. Westmoreland
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Kevin P. McClelland
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A. Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - James C. Schwabacher
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Emily A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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17
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Pelton M, Storm SD, Leng H. Strong coupling of emitters to single plasmonic nanoparticles: exciton-induced transparency and Rabi splitting. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14540-14552. [PMID: 31364684 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between plasmons in metal nanoparticles and single excitons in molecules or semiconductor nanomaterials has recently attracted considerable experimental effort for potential applications in quantum-mechanical and classical optical information processing and for fundamental studies of light-matter interaction. Here, we review the theory behind strong plasmon-exciton coupling and provide analytical expressions that can be used for fitting experimental data, particularly the commonly measured scattering spectra. We re-analyze published data using these expressions, providing a uniform method for evaluating and quantifying claims of strong coupling that avoids ambiguities in distinguishing between Rabi splitting and exciton-induced transparency (or Fano-like interference between plasmons and excitons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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18
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Shahbazyan TV. Exciton-Plasmon Energy Exchange Drives the Transition to a Strong Coupling Regime. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3273-3279. [PMID: 30973738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a model for exciton-plasmon coupling based on an energy exchange mechanism between quantum emitters (QE) and localized surface plasmons in metal-dielectric structures. Plasmonic correlations between QEs give rise to a collective state exchanging its energy cooperatively with a resonant plasmon mode. By defining carefully the plasmon mode volume for a QE ensemble, we obtain a relation between QE-plasmon coupling and a cooperative energy transfer rate that is expressed in terms of local fields. For a single QE near a sharp metal tip, we find analytically the enhancement factor for QE-plasmon coupling relative to QE coupling to a cavity mode. For QEs distributed in an extended region enclosing a plasmonic structure, we find that the ensemble QE-plasmon coupling saturates to a universal value independent of system size and shape, consistent with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics , Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi 39217 , United States
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19
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Kawawaki T, Nakagawa T, Sakamoto M, Teranishi T. Carrier-Selective Blocking Layer Synergistically Improves the Plasmonic Enhancement Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8402-8406. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Optical Instruments Division, Unisoku Co., Ltd., Kasugano 2-4-3, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0131, Japan
| | - Masanori Sakamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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20
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Runnerstrom EL, Kelley KP, Folland TG, Nolen JR, Engheta N, Caldwell JD, Maria JP. Polaritonic Hybrid-Epsilon-near-Zero Modes: Beating the Plasmonic Confinement vs Propagation-Length Trade-Off with Doped Cadmium Oxide Bilayers. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:948-957. [PMID: 30582700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polaritonic materials that support epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) modes offer the opportunity to design light-matter interactions at the nanoscale through extreme subwavelength light confinement, producing phenomena like resonant perfect absorption. However, the utility of ENZ modes in nanophotonic applications has been limited by a flat spectral dispersion, which leads to small group velocities and extremely short propagation lengths. Here, we overcome this constraint by hybridizing ENZ and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in doped cadmium oxide epitaxial bilayers. This results in strongly coupled hybrid modes that are characterized by an anticrossing in the polariton dispersion and a large spectral splitting on the order of 1/3 of the mode frequency. These hybrid modes simultaneously achieve modal propagation and ENZ mode-like interior field confinement, adding propagation character to ENZ mode properties. We subsequently tune the resonant frequencies, dispersion, and coupling of these polaritonic-hybrid-epsilon-near-zero (PH-ENZ) modes by tailoring the modal oscillator strength and the ENZ-SPP spectral overlap. PH-ENZ modes ultimately leverage the most desirable characteristics of both ENZ and SPP modes, allowing us to overcome the canonical plasmonic trade-off between confinement and propagation length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Runnerstrom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Kyle P Kelley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - J Ryan Nolen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Nader Engheta
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Jon-Paul Maria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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21
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Winkler JM, Rabouw FT, Rossinelli AA, Jayanti SV, McPeak KM, Kim DK, le Feber B, Prins F, Norris DJ. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling of CdSe Nanoplatelets and Plasmonic Hole Arrays. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:108-115. [PMID: 30516054 PMCID: PMC6578340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles that can serve as coherent light sources. Motivated by applications, room-temperature realization of polaritons requires narrow, excitonic transitions with large transition dipoles. Such transitions must then be strongly coupled to an electromagnetic mode confined in a small volume. While much work has explored polaritons in organic materials, semiconductor nanocrystals present an alternative excitonic system with enhanced photostability and spectral tunability. In particular, quasi-two-dimensional nanocrystals known as nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit intense, spectrally narrow excitonic transitions useful for polariton formation. Here, we place CdSe NPLs on silver hole arrays to demonstrate exciton-plasmon polaritons at room temperature. Angle-resolved reflection spectra reveal Rabi splittings up to 149 meV for the polariton states. We observe bright, polarized emission arising from the lowest polariton state. Furthermore, we assess the dependence of the Rabi splitting on the hole-array pitch and the number N of NPLs. While the pitch determines the in-plane momentum for which strong coupling is observed, it does not affect the size of the splitting. The Rabi splitting first increases with NPL film thickness before eventually saturating. Instead of the commonly used [Formula: see text] dependence, we develop an analytical expression that includes the transverse confinement of the plasmon modes to describe the measured Rabi splitting as a function of NPL film thickness.
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22
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Yang J, Sun Q, Ueno K, Shi X, Oshikiri T, Misawa H, Gong Q. Manipulation of the dephasing time by strong coupling between localized and propagating surface plasmon modes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4858. [PMID: 30451866 PMCID: PMC6242842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling between two resonance modes leads to the formation of new hybrid modes exhibiting disparate characteristics owing to the reversible exchange of information between different uncoupled modes. Here, we realize the strong coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon polariton Bloch wave using multilayer nanostructures. An anticrossing behavior with a splitting energy of 144 meV can be observed from the far-field spectra. More importantly, we investigate the near-field properties in both the frequency and time domains using photoemission electron microscopy. In the frequency domain, the near-field spectra visually demonstrate normal-mode splitting and display the extent of coupling. Importantly, the variation of the dephasing time of the hybrid modes against the detuning is observed directly in the time domain. These findings signify the evolution of the dissipation and the exchange of information in plasmonic strong coupling systems and pave the way to manipulate the dephasing time of plasmon modes, which can benefit many applications of plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Quan Sun
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xu Shi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoya Oshikiri
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan. .,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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23
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Fang W, Li GX, Yang Y. Controllable radiation properties of a driven exciton-biexciton quantum dot couples to a graphene sheet. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29561-29587. [PMID: 30470118 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the radiation properties of a driven exciton-biexciton structure quantum dot placed close to a graphene sheet. The study of the Purcell factor then demonstrates the tunability of light-matter coupling, which in turn provides the possibility to control the steady-state populations. As the result, dipole transitions can be selectively enhanced and asymmetry in the resonance fluorescence can be observed. Meanwhile, both quadratures can exhibit two-mode squeezing at the Rabi sideband frequencies. A further study shows that although the increase in the environment temperature has a destructive influence on the population imbalance, squeezing occurs even at room temperature. Due to the flexibility in controlling the resonance fluorescence spectrum and producing two-mode squeezed states, our proposal would have potential applications in quantum information and other quantum research fields.
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24
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Shang Q, Zhang S, Liu Z, Chen J, Yang P, Li C, Li W, Zhang Y, Xiong Q, Liu X, Zhang Q. Surface Plasmon Enhanced Strong Exciton-Photon Coupling in Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Perovskite Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3335-3343. [PMID: 29722986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating strong light-matter interaction in semiconductor microcavities is crucial for developing high-performance exciton polariton devices with great potential in next-generation all-solid state quantum technologies. In this work, we report surface plasmon enhanced strong exciton-photon interaction in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanowires. Characteristic anticrossing behaviors, indicating a Rabi splitting energy up to ∼564 meV, are observed near exciton resonance in hybrid perovskite nanowire/SiO2/Ag cavity at room temperature. The exciton-photon coupling strength is enhanced by ∼35% on average, which is mainly attributed to surface plasmon induced localized excitation field redistribution. Further, systematic studies on SiO2 thickness and nanowire dimension dependence of exciton-photon interaction are presented. These results provide new avenues to achieve extremely high coupling strengths and push forward the development of electrically pumped and ultralow threshold small lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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25
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Konečná A, Neuman T, Aizpurua J, Hillenbrand R. Surface-Enhanced Molecular Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4775-4786. [PMID: 29641179 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is becoming an important technique in spatially resolved spectral characterization of optical and vibrational properties of matter at the nanoscale. EELS has played a significant role in understanding localized polaritonic excitations in nanoantennas and also allows for studying molecular excitations in nanoconfined samples. Here we theoretically describe the interaction of a localized electron beam with molecule-covered polaritonic nanoantennas, and propose the concept of surface-enhanced molecular EELS exploiting the electromagnetic coupling between the nanoantenna and the molecular sample. Particularly, we study plasmonic and infrared phononic antennas covered by molecular layers, exhibiting either an excitonic or vibrational response. We demonstrate that EEL spectra of these molecule-antenna coupled systems exhibit Fano-like or strong coupling features, similar to the ones observed in far-field optical and infrared spectroscopy. EELS offers the advantage to acquire spectral information with nanoscale spatial resolution, and importantly, to control the antenna-molecule coupling on demand. Considering ongoing instrumental developments, EELS in STEM shows the potential to become a powerful tool for fundamental studies of molecules that are naturally or intentionally located on nanostructures supporting localized plasmon or phonon polaritons. Surface-enhanced EELS might also enable STEM-EELS applications such as remote- and thus damage-free-sensing of the excitonic and vibrational response of molecules, quantum dots, or 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Konečná
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU , Donostia-San Sebastián , 20018 , Spain
| | - Tomáš Neuman
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU , Donostia-San Sebastián , 20018 , Spain
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU , Donostia-San Sebastián , 20018 , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC , Donostia-San Sebastián , 20018 , Spain
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , 48013 , Spain
- CIC NanoGUNE and UPV/EHU , Donostia-San Sebastián , 20018 , Spain
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26
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Mundoor H, Sheetah GH, Park S, Ackerman PJ, Smalyukh II, van de Lagemaat J. Tuning and Switching a Plasmonic Quantum Dot "Sandwich" in a Nematic Line Defect. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2580-2590. [PMID: 29489324 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the quantum-mechanical effects arising in a single semiconductor core/shell quantum dot (QD) controllably sandwiched between two plasmonic nanorods. Control over the position and the "sandwich" confinement structure is achieved by the use of a linear-trap liquid crystal (LC) line defect and laser tweezers that "push" the sandwich together. This arrangement allows for the study of exciton-plasmon interactions in a single structure, unaltered by ensemble effects or the complexity of dielectric interfaces. We demonstrate the effect of plasmonic confinement on the photon antibunching behavior of the QD and its luminescence lifetime. The QD behaves as a single emitter when nanorods are far away from the QD but shows possible multiexciton emission and a significantly decreased lifetime when tightly confined in a plasmonic "sandwich". These findings demonstrate that LC defects, combined with laser tweezers, enable a versatile platform to study plasmonic coupling phenomena in a nanoscale laboratory, where all elements can be arranged almost at will.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute , National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Jao van de Lagemaat
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute , National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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27
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Dovzhenko DS, Ryabchuk SV, Rakovich YP, Nabiev IR. Light-matter interaction in the strong coupling regime: configurations, conditions, and applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3589-3605. [PMID: 29419830 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06917k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonance interaction between a molecular transition and a confined electromagnetic field can reach the coupling regime where coherent exchange of energy between light and matter becomes reversible. In this case, two new hybrid states separated in energy are formed instead of independent eigenstates, which is known as Rabi splitting. This modification of the energy spectra of the system offers new possibilities for controlled impact on various fundamental properties of coupled matter (such as the rate of chemical reactions and the conductivity of organic semiconductors). To date, the strong coupling regime has been demonstrated in many configurations under different ambient conditions. However, there is still no comprehensive approach to determining parameters for achieving the strong coupling regime for a wide range of practical applications. In this review, a detailed analysis of various systems and corresponding conditions for reaching strong coupling is carried out and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the prospects for application, are considered. The review also summarizes recent experiments in which the strong coupling regime has led to new interesting results, such as the possibility of collective strong coupling between X-rays and matter excitation in a periodic array of Fe isotopes, which extends the applications of quantum optics; a strong amplification of the Raman scattering signal from a coupled system, which can be used in surface-enhanced and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; and more efficient second-harmonic generation from the low polaritonic state, which is promising for nonlinear optics. The results reviewed demonstrate great potential for further practical applications of strong coupling in the fields of photonics (low-threshold lasers), quantum communications (switches), and biophysics (molecular fingerprinting).
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Dovzhenko
- National Research Nuclear University (NRNU) MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
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28
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Thomas R, Thomas A, Pullanchery S, Joseph L, Somasundaran SM, Swathi RS, Gray SK, Thomas KG. Plexcitons: The Role of Oscillator Strengths and Spectral Widths in Determining Strong Coupling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:402-415. [PMID: 29261287 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling interactions between plasmon and exciton-based excitations have been proposed to be useful in the design of optoelectronic systems. However, the role of various optical parameters dictating the plasmon-exciton (plexciton) interactions is less understood. Herein, we propose an inequality for achieving strong coupling between plasmons and excitons through appropriate variation of their oscillator strengths and spectral widths. These aspects are found to be consistent with experiments on two sets of free-standing plexcitonic systems obtained by (i) linking fluorescein isothiocyanate on Ag nanoparticles of varying sizes through silane coupling and (ii) electrostatic binding of cyanine dyes on polystyrenesulfonate-coated Au nanorods of varying aspect ratios. Being covalently linked on Ag nanoparticles, fluorescein isothiocyanate remains in monomeric state, and its high oscillator strength and narrow spectral width enable us to approach the strong coupling limit. In contrast, in the presence of polystyrenesulfonate, monomeric forms of cyanine dyes exist in equilibrium with their aggregates: Coupling is not observed for monomers and H-aggregates whose optical parameters are unfavorable. The large aggregation number, narrow spectral width, and extremely high oscillator strength of J-aggregates of cyanines permit effective delocalization of excitons along the linear assembly of chromophores, which in turn leads to efficient coupling with the plasmons. Further, the results obtained from experiments and theoretical models are jointly employed to describe the plexcitonic states, estimate the coupling strengths, and rationalize the dispersion curves. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis presented here portray a way forward to the rational design of plexcitonic systems attaining the strong coupling limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Anoop Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Saranya Pullanchery
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Linta Joseph
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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29
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Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Tian C, Xu C. Strongly coupled exciton-surface plasmon polariton from excited-subband transitions of single-walled carbon nanotubes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:32142-32149. [PMID: 29245878 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.032142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of strong coupling between surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagating on a thin silver film and excitons from excited-subband transtitions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Clear anti-crossing behaviors were observed from attenuated total reflection measurements when the SPP energy approaches the 2nd subband transition of (6,5) SWNTs. The maximum Rabi splitting of the plasmon-exciton mixed states was extracted to be up to ~166.2 meV. Moreover, the splitting was found to be dependent linearly on the square root of the SWNTs concentration, in good agreement with theoretical prediction.
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30
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Larkin IA, Keil K, Vagov A, Croitoru MD, Axt VM. Superanomalous Skin Effect for Surface Plasmon Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:176801. [PMID: 29219429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.176801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) excitations on a metal-dielectric interface decay exponentially inside the metallic sample. Here, we show that in a wide spectral interval the SPP field decays much slower, being inversely proportional to the distance to the interface modified by an additional logarithmic factor. This dependence differs from the standard anomalous skin effect and is provisionally referred to as superanomalous. Its origin is the nonlocality and the logarithmic singularity of the dielectric permittivity in metals. This type of decay is pronounced for SPP modes of higher frequencies, but it is suppressed for light waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Larkin
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - K Keil
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Vagov
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M D Croitoru
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - V M Axt
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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31
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Indukuri C, Yadav RK, Basu JK. Broadband room temperature strong coupling between quantum dots and metamaterials. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11418-11423. [PMID: 28766669 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first demonstration of room temperature enhanced light-matter coupling in the visible regime for metamaterials using cooperative coupled quasi two dimensional quantum dot assemblies located at precise distances from the hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) templates. The non-monotonic variation of the magnitude of strong coupling, manifested in terms of strong splitting of the photoluminescence of quantum dots, can be explained in terms of enhanced LDOS near the surface of such metamaterials as well as the plasmon mediated super-radiance of closely spaced quantum dots (QDs). Our methodology of enhancing broadband, room temperature, light-matter coupling in the visible regime for metamaterials opens up new possibilities of utilising these materials for a wide range of applications including QD based thresholdless nanolasers and novel metamaterial based integrated photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J K Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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32
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Liu Z, Li J, Liu Z, Li W, Li J, Gu C, Li ZY. Fano resonance Rabi splitting of surface plasmons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8010. [PMID: 28808350 PMCID: PMC5556087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabi splitting and Fano resonance are well-known physical phenomena in conventional quantum systems as atoms and quantum dots, arising from strong interaction between two quantum states. In recent years similar features have been observed in various nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic systems. Yet, realization of strong interaction between two or more Fano resonance states has not been accomplished either in quantum or in optical systems. Here we report the observation of Rabi splitting of two strongly coupled surface plasmon Fano resonance states in a three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructure consisting of vertical asymmetric split-ring resonators. The plasmonic system stably supports triple Fano resonance states and double Rabi splittings can occur between lower and upper pairs of the Fano resonance states. The experimental discovery agrees excellently with rigorous numerical simulations, and is well explained by an analytical three-oscillator model. The discovery of Fano resonance Rabi splitting could provide a stimulating insight to explore new fundamental physics in analogous atomic systems and could be used to significantly enhance light-matter interaction for optical sensing and detecting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiafang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wuxia Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,College of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Strong coupling and vortexes assisted slow light in plasmonic chain-SOI waveguide systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7228. [PMID: 28775308 PMCID: PMC5543061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong coupling regime is demonstrated at near infrared between metallic nanoparticle chains (MNP), supporting localized surface plasmons (LSP), and dielectric waveguides (DWGs) having different core materials. MNP chains are deposited on the top of these waveguides in such a way that the two guiding structures are in direct contact with each other. The strong coupling regime implies (i) a strong interpenetration of the bare modes forming two distinct supermodes and (ii) a large power overlap up to the impossibility to distinguish the power quota inside each bare structure. Additionally, since the system involves LSPs, (i) such a strong coupling occurs on a broad band and (ii) the peculiar vortex-like propagation mechanism of the optical power, supported by the MNP chain, leads to a regime where the light is slowed down over a wide wavelength range. Finally, the strong coupling allows the formation of guided supermodes in regions where the bare modes cannot be both guided at the same time. In other words, very high k modes can then be propagated in a dielectric photonic circuit thanks to hybridisation, leading to extremely concentrated propagating wave. Experimental work gives indirect proof of strong coupling regime whatever the waveguide core indexes.
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34
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Memmi H, Benson O, Sadofev S, Kalusniak S. Strong Coupling between Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Molecular Vibrations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:126802. [PMID: 28388189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the strong coupling of surface plasmon polaritons and molecular vibrations in an organic-inorganic plasmonic hybrid structure consisting of a ketone-based polymer deposited on top of a silver layer. Attenuated-total-reflection spectra of the hybrid reveal an anticrossing in the dispersion relation in the vicinity of the carbonyl stretch vibration of the polymer with an energy splitting of the upper and lower polariton branch up to 15 meV. The splitting is found to depend on the molecular layer thickness and saturates for micrometer-thick films. This new hybrid state holds a strong potential for application in chemistry and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Memmi
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Benson
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Sadofev
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kalusniak
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Ren J, Gu Y, Zhao D, Zhang F, Zhang T, Gong Q. Evanescent-Vacuum-Enhanced Photon-Exciton Coupling and Fluorescence Collection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:073604. [PMID: 28256881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.073604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An evanescent optical mode existing in various nanophotonic structures always acts as a cavity mode rather than an electromagnetic vacuum in the study of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). Here we show that taking the evanescent mode as an electromagnetic vacuum in which the nanocavity is located is possible through the optical mode design. The proposed evanescent vacuum enables us to enhance both the reversible photon-exciton interaction and fluorescence collection. By embedding the custom-designed plasmon nanocavity into the evanescent vacuum provided by a metallic or dielectric nanowire, the photon-exciton coupling coefficient can achieve 4.2 times that in vacuum due to the exponential decay of the evanescent wave, and spontaneously emitted photons with Rabi splitting can be guided by an evanescent wave with a collection efficiency of 47% at most. Electromagnetic vacuum engineering at subwavelength scale holds promise for controlling the light-matter interaction in quantum optics, CQED, and on-chip quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Dongxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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36
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Wersäll M, Cuadra J, Antosiewicz TJ, Balci S, Shegai T. Observation of Mode Splitting in Photoluminescence of Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticles Strongly Coupled to Molecular Excitons. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:551-558. [PMID: 28005384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-exciton interactions are important for many prominent spectroscopic applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, plasmon-mediated fluorescence, nanoscale lasing, and strong coupling. The case of strong coupling is analogous to quantum optical effects studied in solid state and atomic systems previously. In plasmonics, similar observations have been almost exclusively made in elastic scattering experiments; however, the interpretation of these experiments is often cumbersome. Here, we demonstrate mode splitting not only in scattering, but also in photoluminescence of individual hybrid nanosystems, which manifests a direct proof of strong coupling in plasmon-exciton nanoparticles. We achieved these results due to saturation of the mode volume with molecular J-aggregates, which resulted in splitting up to 400 meV, that is, ∼20% of the resonance energy. We analyzed the correlation between scattering and photoluminescence and found that splitting in photoluminescence is considerably less than that in scattering. Moreover, we found that splitting in both photoluminescence and scattering signals increased upon cooling to cryogenic temperatures. These findings improve our understanding of strong coupling phenomena in plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wersäll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sinan Balci
- Department of Astronautical Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association , 06790 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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37
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Lin Z, Lv S, Zhang K, Tang D. Optical transformation of a CdTe quantum dot-based paper sensor for a visual fluorescence immunoassay induced by dissolved silver ions. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:826-833. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work designs a visual fluorescence immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen based on structural and optical transformation of CdTe quantum dots immobilized on paper by cation-exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Detection Technology for Haixi Food Safety and Products (Fujian Province)
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Shuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Detection Technology for Haixi Food Safety and Products (Fujian Province)
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Kangyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Detection Technology for Haixi Food Safety and Products (Fujian Province)
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (MOE & Fujian Province)
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Detection Technology for Haixi Food Safety and Products (Fujian Province)
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
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38
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Moerland RJ, Hakala TK, Martikainen JP, Rekola HT, Väkeväinen AI, Törmä P. Strong Coupling Between Organic Molecules and Plasmonic Nanostructures. SPRINGER SERIES IN SOLID-STATE SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45820-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Todisco F, Esposito M, Panaro S, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Tasco V, Cuscunà M, Passaseo A, Ciracì C, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Toward Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Hybrid Photon Gap-Plasmon States. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11360-11368. [PMID: 28024373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Combining localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and diffractive surface waves (DSWs) in metallic nanoparticle gratings leads to the emergence of collective hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes known as surface lattice resonances (SLRs). These show reduced losses and therefore a higher Q factor with respect to pure LSPs, at the price of larger volumes. Thus, they can constitute a flexible and efficient platform for light-matter interaction. However, it remains an open question if there is, in terms of the Q/V ratio, a sizable gain with respect to the uncoupled LSPs or DSWs. This is a fundamental point to shed light upon if such modes want to be exploited, for instance, for cavity quantum electrodynamic effects. Here, using aluminum nanoparticle square gratings with unit cells consisting of narrow-gap disk dimers-a geometry featuring a very small modal volume-we demonstrate that an enhancement of the Q/V ratio with respect to the pure LSP and DSW is obtained for SLRs with a well-defined degree of plasmon hybridization. Simultaneously, we report a 5× increase of the Q/V ratio for the gap-coupled LSP with respect to that of the single nanoparticle. These outcomes are experimentally probed against the Rabi splitting, resulting from the coupling between the SLR and a J-aggregated molecular dye, showing an increase of 80% with respect to the DSW-like SLR sustained by the disk LSP of the dimer. The results of this work open the way toward more efficient applications for the exploitation of excitonic nonlinearities in hybrid plasmonic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Simone Panaro
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti, Arnesano 73010, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente , 7 Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Vittorianna Tasco
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Massimo Cuscunà
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Adriana Passaseo
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Cristian Ciracì
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti, Arnesano 73010, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy
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40
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Wang H, Wang HY, Toma A, Yano TA, Chen QD, Xu HL, Sun HB, Proietti Zaccaria R. Dynamics of Strong Coupling between CdSe Quantum Dots and Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Subwavelength Hole Array. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4648-4654. [PMID: 27804299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the strong coupling interaction between excitons of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of gold nanohole array by steady-state spectroscopic method and transient absorption measurements. Numerical and experimental steady-state measurements demonstrate that the SPP-QD system can indeed undergo strong coupling, characterized by a Rabi splitting up to 220 meV. In particular, it is found that in the transient absorption spectra, under resonant excitation, the 1S transition bleaching band from uncoupled CdSe QDs is completely separated into two distinctive bleaching bands, remarkably fingerprinting the hybrid SPP-QD state. It was also found that the lifetime of these hybrid bands is just slightly shorter than the lifetime of bare CdSe QDs, possibly caused by the phonon bottleneck effect due to the large Rabi splitting. These results could open a new avenue toward the development of novel nanoplasmon devices with strong SPP-QD interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Andrea Toma
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Taka-Aki Yano
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Qi-Dai Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huai-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
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41
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Peters VN, Tumkur TU, Ma J, Kotov NA, Noginov MA. Strong coupling of localized surface plasmons and ensembles of dye molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:25653-25664. [PMID: 27828501 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have studied strong exciton-plasmon coupling in the films of Ag nanoislands as well as in the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited films of Au nanoparticles (NPs) coated with highly concentrated rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye. Their absorbance and the reflectance spectra featured the peaks or dips, which were not characteristic of dye or NPs/nanoislands taken separately. The positions of the spectral maxima (or minima) in the dye-doped films, plotted against those in pristine Ag nanoislands films, resulted in the dispersion curves comprised of three branches. They could be described by the analytical model based on the Hamiltonian accounting for the unperturbed energies of the surface plasmon (SP) resonance, the two bands composing the absorption spectrum of R6G dye, and the exciton-plasmon coupling energy Δ. Its value was larger in Ag nanoislands films deposited on hyperbolic metamaterials (0.221 eV) than on glass (0.165 eV). The minimal gap between the upper and the lower branches was equal to ≈3Δ. The dispersion curves in the Au NPs LBL films could be described with the Hamiltonian equation at relatively small dye concentrations. At larger concentrations of R6G molecules, the spectral peaks shifted and became more pronounced. The corresponding dispersion curve could not be described in terms of the existing model, indicating the need for further theoretical studies.
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42
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Sekkat Z, Hayashi S, Nesterenko DV, Rahmouni A, Refki S, Ishitobi H, Inouye Y, Kawata S. Plasmonic coupled modes in metal-dielectric multilayer structures: Fano resonance and giant field enhancement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20080-20088. [PMID: 27607617 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide an overview of Fano resonance and plasmon induced transparency (PIT) as well as on plasmons coupling in planar structures, and we discuss their application in sensing and enhanced spectroscopy. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures, which are known to support symmetric and anti-symmetric surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising from the coupling between two SPPs at the metal-insulator interfaces, exhibit anticrossing behavior of the dispersion relations arising from the coupling of the symmetric SPP and the metal/air SPP. Multilayer structures, formed by a metal film and a high-index dielectric waveguide (WG), separated by a low-index dielectric spacer layer, give narrow resonances of PIT and Fano line shapes. An optimized Fano structure shows a giant field intensity enhancement value of 106 in air at the surface of the high-index dielectric WG. The calculated field enhancement factor and the figure of merit for the sensitivity of the Fano structure in air can be 104 times as large as those of the conventional surface plasmon resonance and WG sensors.
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43
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Zhao X, Chen L, Chen J, Shi W, Liu F. Color-tunable emission of quantum dots via strong exciton-plasmon coupling in nanoporous gold structure at room temperature. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20219-20227. [PMID: 27607629 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the color-tunable emission of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) enabled by strongly coupling the QDs to the nanoporous gold (NPG) structure at room temperature. By manipulating the concentrations of the QDs or the excitation flux of the laser, the coupling strength between the excitons in QDs and the plasmons in NPG is controlled, resulting in a large Rabi splitting at the magnitude of hundreds of meV and a photoluminescence (PL) tuning distinguishable by the naked eye. In addition, such large PL tuning is enabled not only for the strong coupling occurring on resonance but also off resonance. We believe that our study offers a new approach towards designing and fabricating novel opto-electronic devices where dynamical and large spectral tuning of QD PL emission is desired.
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44
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Wang S, Li S, Chervy T, Shalabney A, Azzini S, Orgiu E, Hutchison JA, Genet C, Samorì P, Ebbesen TW. Coherent Coupling of WS2 Monolayers with Metallic Photonic Nanostructures at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4368-74. [PMID: 27266674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature strong coupling of WS2 monolayer exciton transitions to metallic Fabry-Pérot and plasmonic optical cavities is demonstrated. A Rabi splitting of 101 meV is observed for the Fabry-Pérot cavity. The enhanced magnitude and visibility of WS2 monolayer strong coupling is attributed to the larger absorption coefficient, the narrower line width of the A exciton transition, and greater spin-orbit coupling. For WS2 coupled to plasmonic arrays, the Rabi splitting still reaches 60 meV despite the less favorable coupling conditions, and displays interesting photoluminescence features. The unambiguous signature of WS2 monolayer strong coupling in easily fabricated metallic resonators at room temperature suggests many possibilities for combining light-matter hybridization with spin and valleytronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Wang
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Songlin Li
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Atef Shalabney
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
- Braude College , Snunit St 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Stefano Azzini
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - James A Hutchison
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC , Strasbourg 67000, France
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45
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Yang H, Qi X, Zhang B, Wang H, Xie L. Fluorescence plasmonic enhancement of FITC labeled PS nanoparticles coupled to silver island films. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:5387-5392. [PMID: 27409315 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of a fluorescence molecule can be drastically changed by surface plasmons excited in neighboring metallic nanostructures. Here we investigated the fluorescence enhancement behavior of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled polystyrene nanoparticles coupled to silver island films (SIFs) via a 15 nm polymethyl methacrylate separation layer theoretically and experimentally. Up to 24-fold fluorescence enhancement was experimentally achieved when the annealing time of the 25 nm Ag films was 50 min, which is in good agreement with the theoretical simulation result based on the finite-difference time-domain method. Furthermore, significant fluorescence spectral distortion on SIFs was also observed compared with samples on glass slides, which is sufficiently related to the scattering properties of SIFs and the lifetimes of FITC.
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Zhou N, Yuan M, Gao Y, Li D, Yang D. Silver Nanoshell Plasmonically Controlled Emission of Semiconductor Quantum Dots in the Strong Coupling Regime. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4154-4163. [PMID: 26972554 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between semiconductor excitons and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) giving rise to hybridized plexciton states in which energy is coherently and reversibly exchanged between the components is vital, especially in the area of quantum information processing from fundamental and practical points of view. Here, in photoluminescence spectra, rather than from common extinction or reflection measurements, we report on the direct observation of Rabi splitting of approximately 160 meV as an indication of strong coupling between excited states of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and LSP modes of silver nanoshells under nonresonant nanosecond pulsed laser excitation at room temperature. The strong coupling manifests itself as an anticrossing-like behavior of the two newly formed polaritons when tuning the silver nanoshell plasmon energies across the exciton line of the QDs. Further analysis substantiates the essentiality of high pump energy and collective strong coupling of many QDs with the radiative dipole mode of the metallic nanoparticles for the realization of strong coupling. Our finding opens up interesting directions for the investigation of strong coupling between LSPs and excitons from the perspective of radiative recombination under easily accessible experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
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Tumkur TU, Zhu G, Noginov MA. Strong coupling of surface plasmon polaritons and ensembles of dye molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:3921-3928. [PMID: 26907045 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.003921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the strong coupling of dye molecules to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited in the Kretschmann geometry and propagating at the interface of silver and dye-doped polymer. The dispersion curve of such a system, studied in the reflectometry experiments, is split into three branches and demonstrates an avoided crossing - the signature of a strong coupling. We have further studied the excitation spectra of the dye emission and found that the positions of the excitation peaks have a good match with the points in the dispersion curve determined by the reflectometry. At the same time, the analysis of the spectra of the plasmon-mediated spontaneous emission, decoupled to the prism and acquired at multiple collection angles, has resulted in a quite different dispersion curve exhibiting a non-trivial splitting into multiple branches. This suggests that the same plasmonic environment couples differently to absorbing and emitting dye molecules.
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Ackerman PJ, Mundoor H, Smalyukh II, van de Lagemaat J. Plasmon-Exciton Interactions Probed Using Spatial Coentrapment of Nanoparticles by Topological Singularities. ACS NANO 2015; 9:12392-400. [PMID: 26567626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study plasmon-exciton interaction by using topological singularities to spatially confine, selectively deliver, cotrap and optically probe colloidal semiconductor and plasmonic nanoparticles. The interaction is monitored in a single quantum system in the bulk of a liquid crystal medium where nanoparticles are manipulated and nanoconfined far from dielectric interfaces using laser tweezers and topological configurations containing singularities. When quantum dot-in-a-rod particles are spatially colocated with a plasmonic gold nanoburst particle in a topological singularity core, its fluorescence increases because blinking is significantly suppressed and the radiative decay rate increases by nearly an order of magnitude owing to the Purcell effect. We argue that the blinking suppression is the result of the radiative rate change that mitigates Auger recombination and quantum dot ionization, consequently reducing nonradiative recombination. Our work demonstrates that topological singularities are an effective platform for studying and controlling plasmon-exciton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Ackerman
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Haridas Mundoor
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jao van de Lagemaat
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Todisco F, D'Agostino S, Esposito M, Fernández-Domínguez AI, De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Dominici L, Tarantini I, Cuscuná M, Della Sala F, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Exciton-Plasmon Coupling Enhancement via Metal Oxidation. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9691-9. [PMID: 26378956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the effect of metal oxidation on strong coupling interactions between silver nanostructures and a J-aggregated cyanine dye. We show that metal oxidation can sensibly affect the plexcitonic system, inducing a change in the coupling strength. In particular, we demonstrate that the presence of oxide prevents the appearance of Rabi splitting in the extinction spectra for thick spacers. In contrast, below a threshold percentage, the oxide layer results in an higher coupling strength between the plasmon and the Frenkel exciton. Contrary to common belief, a thin oxide layer seems thus to act, under certain conditions, as a coupling mediator between an emitter and a localized surface plasmon excited in a metallic nanostructure. This suggests that metal oxidation can be exploited as a means to enhance light-matter interactions in strong coupling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Stefania D'Agostino
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Italy 73010
| | - Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fìsica Teòrica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autònoma de Madrid Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente , 7 Madrid, Spain E-28049
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Italy 73010
| | - Iolena Tarantini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Massimo Cuscuná
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, Arnesano, Italy 73010
- Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR, Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT) , Via Arnesano, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi" Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Universitá del Salento , Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy 73100
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni Lecce, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy 73100
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Tumkur TU, Kitur JK, Bonner CE, Poddubny AN, Narimanov EE, Noginov MA. Control of Förster energy transfer in the vicinity of metallic surfaces and hyperbolic metamaterials. Faraday Discuss 2015; 178:395-412. [PMID: 25803206 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical cavities, plasmonic structures, photonic band crystals and interfaces, as well as, generally speaking, any photonic media with homogeneous or spatially inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity (including metamaterials) have local densities of photonic states, which are different from that in vacuum. These modified density of states environments are known to control both the rate and the angular distribution of spontaneous emission. In the present study, we question whether the proximity to metallic and metamaterial surfaces can affect other physical phenomena of fundamental and practical importance. We show that the same substrates and the same nonlocal dielectric environments that boost spontaneous emission, also inhibit Förster energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules doped into a thin polymeric film. This finding correlates with the fact that in dielectric media, the rate of spontaneous emission is proportional to the index of refraction n, while the rate of the donor-acceptor energy transfer (in solid solutions with a random distribution of acceptors) is proportional to n(-1.5). This heuristic correspondence suggests that other classical and quantum phenomena, which in regular dielectric media depend on n, can also be controlled with custom-tailored metamaterials, plasmonic structures, and cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T U Tumkur
- Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA.
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